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Speechley EM, Ashton BJ, Foo YZ, Simmons LW, Ridley AR. Meta-analyses reveal support for the Social Intelligence Hypothesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38855980 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The Social Intelligence Hypothesis (SIH) is one of the leading explanations for the evolution of cognition. Since its inception a vast body of literature investigating the predictions of the SIH has accumulated, using a variety of methodologies and species. However, the generalisability of the hypothesis remains unclear. To gain an understanding of the robustness of the SIH as an explanation for the evolution of cognition, we systematically searched the literature for studies investigating the predictions of the SIH. Accordingly, we compiled 103 studies with 584 effect sizes from 17 taxonomic orders. We present the results of four meta-analyses which reveal support for the SIH across interspecific, intraspecific and developmental studies. However, effect sizes did not differ significantly between the cognitive or sociality metrics used, taxonomy or testing conditions. Thus, support for the SIH is similar across studies using neuroanatomy and cognitive performance, those using broad categories of sociality, group size and social interactions, across taxonomic groups, and for tests conducted in captivity or the wild. Overall, our meta-analyses support the SIH as an evolutionary and developmental explanation for cognitive variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Speechley
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Ashton
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, 205b Culloden Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yong Zhi Foo
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Leigh W Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Amanda R Ridley
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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2
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Speechley EM, Ashton BJ, Thornton A, King SL, Simmons LW, Woodiss-Field SL, Ridley AR. Aggressive interactions influence cognitive performance in Western Australian magpies. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240435. [PMID: 38835280 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has investigated the relationship between the social environment and cognition, suggesting that social complexity may drive cognitive evolution and development. However, evidence for this relationship remains equivocal. Group size is often used as a measure of social complexity, but this may not capture intraspecific variation in social interactions. Social network analysis can provide insight into the cognitively demanding challenges associated with group living at the individual level. Here, we use social networks to investigate whether the cognitive performance of wild Western Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen dorsalis) is related to group size and individual social connectedness. We quantified social connectedness using four interaction types: proximity, affiliative, agonistic and vocal. Consistent with previous research on this species, individuals in larger groups performed better on an associative learning task. However, social network position was also related to cognitive performance. Individuals receiving aggressive interactions performed better, while those involved in aggressive interactions with more group members performed worse. Overall, this suggests that cognitive performance is related to specific types of social interaction. The findings from this study highlight the value of considering fine-grained metrics of sociality that capture the challenges associated with social life when testing the relationship between the social environment and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Speechley
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia , Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Ashton
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia , Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Alex Thornton
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter , Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Stephanie L King
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia , Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Leigh W Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia , Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Sarah L Woodiss-Field
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia , Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Amanda R Ridley
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia , Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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3
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Harris RA, Raveendran M, Warren W, LaDeana HW, Tomlinson C, Graves-Lindsay T, Green RE, Schmidt JK, Colwell JC, Makulec AT, Cole SA, Cheeseman IH, Ross CN, Capuano S, Eichler EE, Levine JE, Rogers J. Whole Genome Analysis of SNV and Indel Polymorphism in Common Marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2185. [PMID: 38137007 PMCID: PMC10742769 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is one of the most widely used nonhuman primate models of human disease. Owing to limitations in sequencing technology, early genome assemblies of this species using short-read sequencing suffered from gaps. In addition, the genetic diversity of the species has not yet been adequately explored. Using long-read genome sequencing and expert annotation, we generated a high-quality genome resource creating a 2.898 Gb marmoset genome in which most of the euchromatin portion is assembled contiguously (contig N50 = 25.23 Mbp, scaffold N50 = 98.2 Mbp). We then performed whole genome sequencing on 84 marmosets sampling the genetic diversity from several marmoset research centers. We identified a total of 19.1 million single nucleotide variants (SNVs), of which 11.9 million can be reliably mapped to orthologous locations in the human genome. We also observed 2.8 million small insertion/deletion variants. This dataset includes an average of 5.4 million SNVs per marmoset individual and a total of 74,088 missense variants in protein-coding genes. Of the 4956 variants orthologous to human ClinVar SNVs (present in the same annotated gene and with the same functional consequence in marmoset and human), 27 have a clinical significance of pathogenic and/or likely pathogenic. This important marmoset genomic resource will help guide genetic analyses of natural variation, the discovery of spontaneous functional variation relevant to human disease models, and the development of genetically engineered marmoset disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Alan Harris
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.A.H.); (M.R.)
| | - Muthuswamy Raveendran
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.A.H.); (M.R.)
| | - Wes Warren
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Hillier W. LaDeana
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA; (H.W.L.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Chad Tomlinson
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; (C.T.); (T.G.-L.)
| | - Tina Graves-Lindsay
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; (C.T.); (T.G.-L.)
| | - Richard E. Green
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
| | - Jenna K. Schmidt
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (J.K.S.); (J.C.C.); (A.T.M.); (S.C.III); (J.E.L.)
| | - Julia C. Colwell
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (J.K.S.); (J.C.C.); (A.T.M.); (S.C.III); (J.E.L.)
| | - Allison T. Makulec
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (J.K.S.); (J.C.C.); (A.T.M.); (S.C.III); (J.E.L.)
| | - Shelley A. Cole
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (S.A.C.); (I.H.C.); (C.N.R.)
| | - Ian H. Cheeseman
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (S.A.C.); (I.H.C.); (C.N.R.)
| | - Corinna N. Ross
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (S.A.C.); (I.H.C.); (C.N.R.)
| | - Saverio Capuano
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (J.K.S.); (J.C.C.); (A.T.M.); (S.C.III); (J.E.L.)
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA; (H.W.L.); (E.E.E.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jon E. Levine
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; (J.K.S.); (J.C.C.); (A.T.M.); (S.C.III); (J.E.L.)
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.A.H.); (M.R.)
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Ash H, Goy RW, Spaulding A, Colman RJ, Corbett CJ, Ziegler TE. Cognitive development from infancy to young adulthood in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus): Effect of age, sex, and hormones on learning and affective state. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22430. [PMID: 37860906 PMCID: PMC10804839 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Studies looking at individual variability in cognition have increased in recent years. We followed 43 marmosets (21 males, 22 females) from infancy to young adulthood. At 3-months old, marmosets were trained to touch a rewarded stimulus. At 9-, 15-, and 21-months old, they were given visual discrimination and cognitive bias tests, and urine samples were collected to examine hormone levels. Marmosets were significantly more successful learners at 15 months than 9 months. Individuals who were more successful learners at 9 months were also more successful at 15 months, with more male learners than expected at 15 months. At 9 months, learning success was associated with higher cortisol levels. At 15 months, males with higher estradiol levels were more successful learners, whereas at 21 months, females with higher estradiol and cortisol levels tended to be less successful learners and more pessimistic. Nine months, therefore, appears to be an important developmental timepoint for acquiring cognitive control, which has developed by 15 months. Steroids may have differential effects on each sex, with complex interactions between gonadal and adrenal hormones having an influence on cognitive function over the lifespan. This longitudinal study offers new insight into cognition, including its development and biological underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Ash
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC), University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, United States
| | - Robinson W. Goy
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC), University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, United States
| | - Abigail Spaulding
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC), University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, United States
| | - Ricki J. Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC), University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, United States
| | - Cody J. Corbett
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC), University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, United States
| | - Toni E. Ziegler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC), University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, United States
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5
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Wagner B, Šlipogor V, Oh J, Varga M, Hoeschele M. A comparison between common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and human infants sheds light on traits proposed to be at the root of human octave equivalence. Dev Sci 2023; 26:e13395. [PMID: 37101383 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Two notes separated by a doubling in frequency sound similar to humans. This "octave equivalence" is critical to perception and production of music and speech and occurs early in human development. Because it also occurs cross-culturally, a biological basis of octave equivalence has been hypothesized. Members of our team previousy suggested four human traits are at the root of this phenomenon: (1) vocal learning, (2) clear octave information in vocal harmonics, (3) differing vocal ranges, and (4) vocalizing together. Using cross-species studies, we can test how relevant these respective traits are, while controlling for enculturation effects and addressing questions of phylogeny. Common marmosets possess forms of three of the four traits, lacking differing vocal ranges. We tested 11 common marmosets by adapting an established head-turning paradigm, creating a parallel test to an important infant study. Unlike human infants, marmosets responded similarly to tones shifted by an octave or other intervals. Because previous studies with the same head-turning paradigm produced differential results to discernable acoustic stimuli in common marmosets, our results suggest that marmosets do not perceive octave equivalence. Our work suggests differing vocal ranges between adults and children and men and women and the way they are used in singing together may be critical to the development of octave equivalence. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: A direct comparison of octave equivalence tests with common marmosets and human infants Marmosets show no octave equivalence Results emphasize the importance of differing vocal ranges between adults and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Wagner
- Acoustics Research Institute, Austrian Academy of the Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vedrana Šlipogor
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jinook Oh
- Cremer Group, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Marion Varga
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marisa Hoeschele
- Acoustics Research Institute, Austrian Academy of the Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Ausderau KK, Colman RJ, Kabakov S, Schultz-Darken N, Emborg ME. Evaluating depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in non-human primates. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1006065. [PMID: 36744101 PMCID: PMC9892652 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1006065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are some of the most prevalent and debilitating mental health conditions in humans. They can present on their own or as co-morbidities with other disorders. Like humans, non-human primates (NHPs) can develop depression- and anxiety-like signs. Here, we first define human depression and anxiety, examine equivalent species-specific behaviors in NHPs, and consider models and current methods to identify and evaluate these behaviors. We also discuss knowledge gaps, as well as the importance of evaluating the co-occurrence of depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in animal models of human disease. Lastly, we consider ethical challenges in depression and anxiety research on NHPs in order to ultimately advance the understanding and the personalized treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla K. Ausderau
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ricki J. Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sabrina Kabakov
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nancy Schultz-Darken
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Marina E. Emborg
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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7
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Samandra R, Haque ZZ, Rosa MGP, Mansouri FA. The marmoset as a model for investigating the neural basis of social cognition in health and disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104692. [PMID: 35569579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Social-cognitive processes facilitate the use of environmental cues to understand others, and to be understood by others. Animal models provide vital insights into the neural underpinning of social behaviours. To understand social cognition at even deeper behavioural, cognitive, neural, and molecular levels, we need to develop more representative study models, which allow testing of novel hypotheses using human-relevant cognitive tasks. Due to their cooperative breeding system and relatively small size, common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) offer a promising translational model for such endeavours. In addition to having social behavioural patterns and group dynamics analogous to those of humans, marmosets have cortical brain areas relevant for the mechanistic analysis of human social cognition, albeit in simplified form. Thus, they are likely suitable animal models for deciphering the physiological processes, connectivity and molecular mechanisms supporting advanced cognitive functions. Here, we review findings emerging from marmoset social and behavioural studies, which have already provided significant insights into executive, motivational, social, and emotional dysfunction associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranshikha Samandra
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Zakia Z Haque
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcello G P Rosa
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Farshad Alizadeh Mansouri
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Australia.
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8
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Ash H, Chang A, Ortiz RJ, Kulkarni P, Rauch B, Colman R, Ferris CF, Ziegler TE. Structural and functional variations in the prefrontal cortex are associated with learning in pre-adolescent common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Behav Brain Res 2022; 430:113920. [PMID: 35595058 PMCID: PMC9362994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence linking the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to a variety of cognitive abilities, with adolescence being a critical period in its development. In the current study, we investigated the neural basis of differences in learning in pre-adolescent common marmosets. At 8 months old, marmosets were given anatomical and resting state MRI scans (n=24). At 9 months old, association learning and inhibitory control was tested using a 'go/no go' visual discrimination (VD) task. Marmosets were grouped into 'learners' (n=12) and 'non-learners' (n=12), and associations between cognitive performance and sub-regional PFC volumes, as well as PFC connectivity patterns, were investigated. 'Learners' had significantly (p<0.05) larger volumes of areas 11, 25, 47 and 32 than 'non-learners', although 'non-learners' had significantly larger volumes of areas 24a and 8v than 'learners'. There was also a significant correlation between average % correct responses to the 'punished' stimulus and volume of area 47. Further, 'non-learners' had significantly greater global PFC connections, as well as significantly greater numbers of connections between the PFC and basal ganglia, cerebellum and hippocampus, compared to 'non-learners'. These results suggest that larger sub-regions of the orbitofrontal cortex and ventromedial PFC, as well more refined PFC connectivity patterns to other brain regions associated with learning, may be important in successful response inhibition. This study therefore offers new information on the neurodevelopment of individual differences in cognition during pre-adolescence in non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Ash
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI.
| | - Arnold Chang
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston MA
| | - Richard J Ortiz
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston MA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces NM
| | - Praveen Kulkarni
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston MA
| | - Beth Rauch
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI
| | - Ricki Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI
| | - Craig F Ferris
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston MA
| | - Toni E Ziegler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI
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Ryan AM, Bauman MD. Primate Models as a Translational Tool for Understanding Prenatal Origins of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Associated With Maternal Infection. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:510-523. [PMID: 35276404 PMCID: PMC8902899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women represent a uniquely vulnerable population during an infectious disease outbreak, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Although we are at the early stages of understanding the specific impact of SARS-CoV-2 exposure during pregnancy, mounting epidemiological evidence strongly supports a link between exposure to a variety of maternal infections and an increased risk for offspring neurodevelopmental disorders. Inflammatory biomarkers identified from archived or prospectively collected maternal biospecimens suggest that the maternal immune response is the critical link between infection during pregnancy and altered offspring neurodevelopment. This maternal immune activation (MIA) hypothesis has been tested in animal models by artificially activating the immune system during pregnancy and evaluating the neurodevelopmental consequences in MIA-exposed offspring. Although the vast majority of MIA model research is carried out in rodents, the nonhuman primate model has emerged in recent years as an important translational tool. In this review, we briefly summarize human epidemiological studies that have prompted the development of translationally relevant MIA models. We then highlight notable similarities between humans and nonhuman primates, including placental structure, pregnancy physiology, gestational timelines, and offspring neurodevelopmental stages, that provide an opportunity to explore the MIA hypothesis in species more closely related to humans. Finally, we provide a comprehensive review of neurodevelopmental alterations reported in current nonhuman primate models of maternal infection and discuss future directions for this promising area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California; California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Melissa D Bauman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California; California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California.
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10
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Goy RW, Shrestha HK, Colman RJ, Dukes NJ, Ziegler TE, Kapoor A. Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Based Quantitative Assay for Marmoset Insulin in Serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1195:123150. [PMID: 35247678 PMCID: PMC8958664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is a peptide hormone that is secreted by the β cells of the pancreas and is essential to the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body. The marmoset insulin peptide is not homologous with human insulin and therefore commonly available assays do not work for this species. Due to the increasing popularity of marmoset research, a simple, specific assay for the quantitation of marmoset insulin is needed. This study aimed to develop and validate a bottom-up proteomic workflow with trypsin digestion and analysis using LC coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Marmoset serum proteins were subjected to denaturation, reduction, and enzymatic cleavage to extract a unique, 7 amino acid peptide for quantitation of marmoset insulin. Resolution of the peptide was achieved by LC-MS/MS using electrospray ionization operating in positive mode. Calibration was achieved by aliquot dilution of fully synthetic marmoset insulin tryptic peptide into macaque serum. A stable-isotope labeled (13C, 15N) synthetic marmoset insulin tryptic peptide was used as internal standard. The assay was fully validated according to bioanalytical method validation guidelines for linearity, precision, and dilution linearity using purified marmoset insulin. The limit of detection was 15.49 pmol/L and the limit of quantitation was 140.78 pmol/L. Biological validation was achieved by comparison of samples previously run by radioimmunoassay and measurement of the marmoset insulin response to glucose via an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The physiological range of marmoset insulin was shown to be 84.5 to 1222 pmol/L. In summary, this paper presents a simple, reproducible method to measure marmoset insulin in serum using LC-MS/MS.
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11
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Colman RJ, Capuano S, Bakker J, Keeley J, Nakamura K, Ross C. Marmosets: Welfare, Ethical Use, and IACUC/Regulatory Considerations. ILAR J 2021; 61:167-178. [PMID: 33620069 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of marmosets in biomedical research has increased dramatically in recent years due, in large part, to their suitability for transgenic applications and utility as models for neuroscience investigations. This increased use includes the establishment of new colonies and involvement of people new to marmoset research. To facilitate the use of the marmoset as a research model, we provide an overview of issues surrounding the ethics and regulations associated with captive marmoset research, including discussion of the history of marmosets in research, current uses of marmosets, ethical considerations related to marmoset use, issues related to importation of animals, and recommendations for regulatory oversight of gene-edited marmosets. To understand the main concerns that oversight bodies have regarding captive biomedical research with marmosets, we developed a brief, 15-question survey that was then sent electronically to academic and biomedical research institutions worldwide that were believed to house colonies of marmosets intended for biomedical research. The survey included general questions regarding the individual respondent's colony, status of research use of the colony and institutional oversight of both the colony itself and the research use of the colony. We received completed surveys from a total of 18 institutions from North America, Europe, and Asia. Overall, there appeared to be no clear difference in regulatory oversight body concerns between countries/regions. One difference that we were able to appreciate was that while biomedical research with marmosets was noted to be either stable or decreasing in Europe, use was clearly increasing elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricki J Colman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Saverio Capuano
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jaco Bakker
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Jo Keeley
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Corinna Ross
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, San Antonio, Texas, USA; and Population Health, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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