1
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Christensen C, Bracken AM, O'Riain MJ, Fehlmann G, Holton M, Hopkins P, King AJ, Fürtbauer I. Quantifying allo-grooming in wild chacma baboons ( Papio ursinus) using tri-axial acceleration data and machine learning. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221103. [PMID: 37063984 PMCID: PMC10090879 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of activity budgets is pivotal for understanding how animals respond to changes in their environment. Social grooming is a key activity that underpins various social processes with consequences for health and fitness. Traditional methods use direct (focal) observations to calculate grooming rates, providing systematic but sparse data. Accelerometers, in contrast, can quantify activity budgets continuously but have not been used to quantify social grooming. We test whether grooming can be accurately identified using machine learning (random forest model) trained on labelled acceleration data from wild chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). We successfully identified giving and receiving grooming with high precision (81% and 91%) and recall (87% and 79%). Giving grooming was associated with a distinct rhythmical signal along the surge axis. Receiving grooming had similar acceleration signals to resting, and thus was more difficult to assign. We applied our machine learning model to n = 680 collar data days from n = 12 baboons and found that grooming rates obtained from accelerometers were significantly and positively correlated with direct observation rates for giving but not receiving grooming. The ability to collect continuous grooming data in wild populations will allow researchers to re-examine and expand upon long-standing questions regarding the formation and function of grooming bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Christensen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Science, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Anna M. Bracken
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - M. Justin O'Riain
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Gaëlle Fehlmann
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Mark Holton
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Phillip Hopkins
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Andrew J. King
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ines Fürtbauer
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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2
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He P, Klarevas‐Irby JA, Papageorgiou D, Christensen C, Strauss ED, Farine DR. A guide to sampling design for
GPS
‐based studies of animal societies. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Department of Collective Behaviour Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Constance Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour University of Konstanz Constance Germany
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Constance Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Science University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - James A. Klarevas‐Irby
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour University of Konstanz Constance Germany
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Constance Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Science University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Migration Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Radolfzell Germany
- Mpala Research Centre Nanyuki Kenya
| | - Danai Papageorgiou
- Department of Collective Behaviour Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Constance Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Science University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Christensen
- Department of Collective Behaviour Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Constance Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Science University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Mpala Research Centre Nanyuki Kenya
| | - Eli D. Strauss
- Department of Collective Behaviour Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Constance Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour University of Konstanz Constance Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Science University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Damien R. Farine
- Department of Collective Behaviour Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Constance Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Science University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra Australia
- Department of Ornithology National Museums of Kenya Nairobi Kenya
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3
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Kooros SJ, Goossens B, Sterck EHM, Kenderdine R, Malim PT, Ramirez Saldivar DA, Stark DJ. External environmental conditions impact nocturnal activity levels in proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) living in Sabah, Malaysia. Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23423. [PMID: 35848355 PMCID: PMC9540267 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several diurnal nonhuman anthropoids have been identified displaying varying degrees of nocturnal activity, which can be influenced by activity “masking effects”—external events or conditions that suppress or trigger activity, temporarily altering normal activity patterns. Environmental masking characteristics include nocturnal temperature, rainfall, cloud cover, and moon brightness. Similarly, other ecological characteristics, including proximity to humans and predators and daytime activity, may also trigger or suppress nocturnal activity. Understanding the effects of external conditions on activity patterns is pertinent to effective species conservation. We investigated the presence of nocturnal activity and the influence of masking effects on the level of nocturnal activity displayed by wild proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Dual‐axis accelerometers were attached by collar to six male proboscis monkeys from different one‐male, multi‐female groups to record activity continuously (165–401 days each). We measured the monkeys' nocturnal and diurnal activity levels and investigated the effects of seven potential masking effects. Nocturnal activity was much lower than diurnal activity. Still, proboscis monkeys did display varying levels of nocturnal activity. Generalized linear mixed models identified higher nocturnal activity in the study individuals during nights with cooler temperatures, higher rainfall, and after higher diurnal activity. These three masking effects affected nocturnal activity levels during the observation period that informed our model, although they did not predict nocturnal activity outside of this period. While the generalizability of these results remains uncertain, this study highlights the utility of accelerometers in identifying activity patterns and masking effects that create variability in these patterns. Six male proboscis monkeys displayed low levels of nocturnal activity, consistent with a diurnal activity pattern. Nocturnal activity in five of these male proboscis monkeys increased during nights that had cooler temperatures, higher rainfall, and after higher daytime activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J Kooros
- Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Danau Girang Field Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Benoit Goossens
- c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Danau Girang Field Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Sabah Wildlife Department, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Elisabeth H M Sterck
- Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter T Malim
- Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Diana A Ramirez Saldivar
- c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Danau Girang Field Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Danica J Stark
- c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Danau Girang Field Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Wilder Institute/Calgary Zoo, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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4
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Lacroux C, Robira B, Kane-Maguire N, Guma N, Krief S. Between forest and croplands: Nocturnal behavior in wild chimpanzees of Sebitoli, Kibale National Park, Uganda. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268132. [PMID: 35522693 PMCID: PMC9075648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some animal species have been presumed to be purely diurnal. Yet, they show flexibility in their activity rhythm, and can occasionally be active at night. Recently, it has been suggested that chimpanzees may rarely engage in nocturnal activities in savannah forests, in contrast to the frequent nocturnal feeding of crops observed at Sebitoli, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Here we thus aimed to explore the factors that might trigger such intense nocturnal activity (e.g. harsher weather conditions during daytime, low wild food availability or higher diurnal foraging risk) in this area. We used camera-traps set over 18 km2 operating for 15 months. We report activities and group composition from records obtained either within the forest or at the forest interface with maize fields, the unique crop consumed. Maize is an attractive and accessible food source, although actively guarded by farmers, particularly during daytime. Out of the 19 156 clips collected, 1808 recorded chimpanzees. Of these, night recordings accounted for 3.3% of forest location clips, compared to 41.8% in the maize fields. Most nocturnal clips were obtained after hot days, and most often during maize season for field clips. At night within the forest, chimpanzees were travelling around twilight hours, while when at the border of the fields they were foraging on crops mostly after twilight and in smaller parties. These results suggest that chimpanzees change their activity rhythm to access cultivated resources when human presence and surveillance is lower. This survey provides evidence of behavioral plasticity in chimpanzees in response to neighboring human farming activities, and emphasizes the urgent need to work with local communities to mitigate human-wildlife conflict related to crop-feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lacroux
- UMR 7206 CNRS/MNHN/P7, Eco-anthropologie, Hommes et Environnements, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l’Homme, Paris, France
- Sebitoli Chimpanzee Project, Great Ape Conservation Project, Fort Portal, Uganda
- UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Robira
- UMR 7206 CNRS/MNHN/P7, Eco-anthropologie, Hommes et Environnements, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l’Homme, Paris, France
- CEFE, CNRS, Université Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicole Kane-Maguire
- Sebitoli Chimpanzee Project, Great Ape Conservation Project, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | | | - Sabrina Krief
- UMR 7206 CNRS/MNHN/P7, Eco-anthropologie, Hommes et Environnements, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l’Homme, Paris, France
- Sebitoli Chimpanzee Project, Great Ape Conservation Project, Fort Portal, Uganda
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5
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Walton BJ, Findlay LJ, Hill RA. Camera traps and guard observations as an alternative to researcher observation for studying anthropogenic foraging. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8808. [PMID: 35432939 PMCID: PMC9006232 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Foraging by wildlife on anthropogenic foods can have negative impacts on both humans and wildlife. Addressing this issue requires reliable data on the patterns of anthropogenic foraging by wild animals, but while direct observation by researchers can be highly accurate, this method is also costly and labor‐intensive, making it impractical in the long‐term or over large spatial areas. Camera traps and observations by guards employed to deter animals from fields could be efficient alternative methods of data collection for understanding patterns of foraging by wildlife in crop fields. Here, we investigated how data on crop‐foraging by chacma baboons and vervet monkeys collected by camera traps and crop guards predicted data collected by researchers, on a commercial farm in South Africa. We found that data from camera traps and field guard observations predicted crop loss and the frequency of crop‐foraging events from researcher observations for crop‐foraging by baboons and to a lesser extent for vervets. The effectiveness of cameras at capturing crop‐foraging events was dependent on their position on the field edge. We believe that these alternatives to direct observation by researchers represent an efficient and low‐cost method for long‐term and large‐scale monitoring of foraging by wildlife on crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J. Walton
- Department of Anthropology University of Durham Durham UK
| | | | - Russell A. Hill
- Department of Anthropology University of Durham Durham UK
- Primate & Predator Project Lajuma Research Centre Louis Trichardt South Africa
- Department of Zoology University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa
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6
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Loftus JC, Harel R, Núñez CL, Crofoot MC. Ecological and social pressures interfere with homeostatic sleep regulation in the wild. eLife 2022; 11:73695. [PMID: 35229719 PMCID: PMC8887896 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is fundamental to the health and fitness of all animals. The physiological importance of sleep is underscored by the central role of homeostasis in determining sleep investment – following periods of sleep deprivation, individuals experience longer and more intense sleep bouts. Yet, most sleep research has been conducted in highly controlled settings, removed from evolutionarily relevant contexts that may hinder the maintenance of sleep homeostasis. Using triaxial accelerometry and GPS to track the sleep patterns of a group of wild baboons (Papio anubis), we found that ecological and social pressures indeed interfere with homeostatic sleep regulation. Baboons sacrificed time spent sleeping when in less familiar locations and when sleeping in proximity to more group-mates, regardless of how long they had slept the prior night or how much they had physically exerted themselves the preceding day. Further, they did not appear to compensate for lost sleep via more intense sleep bouts. We found that the collective dynamics characteristic of social animal groups persist into the sleep period, as baboons exhibited synchronized patterns of waking throughout the night, particularly with nearby group-mates. Thus, for animals whose fitness depends critically on avoiding predation and developing social relationships, maintaining sleep homeostasis may be only secondary to remaining vigilant when sleeping in risky habitats and interacting with group-mates during the night. Our results highlight the importance of studying sleep in ecologically relevant contexts, where the adaptive function of sleep patterns directly reflects the complex trade-offs that have guided its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carter Loftus
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States.,Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya.,Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Roi Harel
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany.,Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Chase L Núñez
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Margaret C Crofoot
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States.,Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya.,Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
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7
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Isbell LA, Bidner LR, Loftus JC, Kimuyu DM, Young TP. Absentee owners and overlapping home ranges in a territorial species. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Dore KM, Hansen MF, Klegarth AR, Fichtel C, Koch F, Springer A, Kappeler P, Parga JA, Humle T, Colin C, Raballand E, Huang ZP, Qi XG, Di Fiore A, Link A, Stevenson PR, Stark DJ, Tan N, Gallagher CA, Anderson CJ, Campbell CJ, Kenyon M, Pebsworth P, Sprague D, Jones-Engel L, Fuentes A. Review of GPS collar deployments and performance on nonhuman primates. Primates 2020; 61:373-387. [PMID: 31965380 PMCID: PMC8118416 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-020-00793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, GPS collars have emerged as powerful tools for the study of nonhuman primate (hereafter, "primate") movement ecology. As the size and cost of GPS collars have decreased and performance has improved, it is timely to review the use and success of GPS collar deployments on primates to date. Here we compile data on deployments and performance of GPS collars by brand and examine how these relate to characteristics of the primate species and field contexts in which they were deployed. The compiled results of 179 GPS collar deployments across 17 species by 16 research teams show these technologies can provide advantages, particularly in adding to the quality, quantity, and temporal span of data collection. However, aspects of this technology still require substantial improvement in order to make deployment on many primate species pragmatic economically. In particular, current limitations regarding battery lifespan relative to collar weight, the efficacy of remote drop-off mechanisms, and the ability to remotely retrieve data need to be addressed before the technology is likely to be widely adopted. Moreover, despite the increasing utility of GPS collars in the field, they remain substantially more expensive than VHF collars and tracking via handheld GPS units, and cost considerations of GPS collars may limit sample sizes and thereby the strength of inferences. Still, the overall high quality and quantity of data obtained, combined with the reduced need for on-the-ground tracking by field personnel, may help defray the high equipment cost. We argue that primatologists armed with the information in this review have much to gain from the recent, substantial improvements in GPS collar technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry M Dore
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, One Bear Place, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
| | - Malene F Hansen
- Research and Conservation, Copenhagen Zoo, 2000, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Animal Behaviour Group. Section for Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amy R Klegarth
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, 230 Raitt Hall, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Claudia Fichtel
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Flávia Koch
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Springer
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Kappeler
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joyce A Parga
- Department of Anthropology, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Tatyana Humle
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Christelle Colin
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Estelle Raballand
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Zhi-Pang Huang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, 710069, Shanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xian, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Andrés Link
- Department of Biological Science, University of Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Pablo R Stevenson
- Department of Biological Science, University of Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Danica J Stark
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, 88100, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Noeleen Tan
- Singapore National Parks Board, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christa A Gallagher
- Department of Biomedical Science, Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - C Jane Anderson
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Christina J Campbell
- Department of Anthropology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330, USA
| | - Marina Kenyon
- Dao Tien Endangered Primate Species Centre, Tan Phu, Dong Nai Province, Vietnam
| | - Paula Pebsworth
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, One Bear Place, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
- National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bangalore, India
| | - David Sprague
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Lisa Jones-Engel
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, 230 Raitt Hall, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Agustín Fuentes
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, 648 Flanner Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46656, USA
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9
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Ayers AM, Allan ATL, Howlett C, Tordiffe ASW, Williams KS, Williams ST, Hill RA. Illuminating movement? Nocturnal activity patterns in chacma baboons. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Ayers
- Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK
- Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research Centre Makhado South Africa
| | - A. T. L. Allan
- Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK
- Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research Centre Makhado South Africa
| | - C. Howlett
- Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK
- Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research Centre Makhado South Africa
- School of Anthropology and Conservation The University of Kent Canterbury Kent UK
| | - A. S. W. Tordiffe
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria Onderstepoort South Africa
| | - K. S. Williams
- Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK
- Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research Centre Makhado South Africa
| | - S. T. Williams
- Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK
- Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research Centre Makhado South Africa
- Department of Zoology University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE) Thohoyandou South Africa
| | - R. A. Hill
- Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK
- Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research Centre Makhado South Africa
- Department of Zoology University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa
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10
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Isbell LA, Bidner LR, Omondi G, Mutinda M, Matsumoto-Oda A. Capture, immobilization, and Global Positioning System collaring of olive baboons (Papio anubis) and vervets (Chlorocebus pygerythrus): Lessons learned and suggested best practices. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e22997. [PMID: 31180153 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As the value of Global Positioning System (GPS) technology in addressing primatological questions becomes more obvious, more studies will include capturing and collaring primates, with concomitant increased risk of adverse consequences to primate subjects. Here we detail our experiences in capturing, immobilizing, and placing GPS collars on six olive baboons (Papio anubis) in four groups and 12 vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) in five groups in Kenya. We captured baboons with cage traps and vervets with box traps, immobilized them, and attached GPS collars that were to be worn for 1 year. Adverse consequences from the trapping effort included incidental death of two nonsubjects (an adult female and her dependent infant), temporary rectal prolapse in one baboon, superficial wounds on the crown of the head in two vervets, and failure to recapture/remove collars from two baboons and two vervets. Obvious negative effects from wearing collars were limited to abrasions around the neck of one vervet. A possible, and if so, serious, adverse effect was greater mortality for collared adult female vervets compared with known uncollared adult female vervets, largely due to leopard (Panthera pardus) predation. Collared animals could be more vulnerable to predation because trapping favors bolder individuals, who may also be more vulnerable to predation, or because collars could slow them down or make them more noticeable to predators. Along with recommendations made by others, we suggest that future studies diversify trapping bait to minimize the risk of rectal prolapse, avoid capturing the first individuals to enter traps, test the movement speeds of collared versus noncollared animals, include a release system on the collars to avoid retrapping failure, and publish both positive and negative effects of capturing, immobilizing, and collaring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne A Isbell
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.,Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya.,Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Laura R Bidner
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.,Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - George Omondi
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Falcon Heights, Minnesota.,Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathew Mutinda
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya.,Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Akiko Matsumoto-Oda
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya.,Graduate School of Tourism Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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11
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Snodderly DM, Ellis KM, Lieberman SR, Link A, Fernandez-Duque E, Di Fiore A. Initiation of feeding by four sympatric Neotropical primates (Ateles belzebuth, Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii, Plecturocebus (Callicebus) discolor, and Pithecia aequatorialis) in Amazonian Ecuador: Relationships to photic and ecological factors. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210494. [PMID: 30673746 PMCID: PMC6344106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined photic and ecological factors related to initiation of feeding by four sympatric primates in the rain forest of Amazonian Ecuador. With rare exceptions, morning activities of all taxa began only after the onset of nautical twilight, which occurred 47-48 min before sunrise. The larger spider and woolly monkeys, Ateles belzebuth and Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii, left their sleeping trees before sunrise about half the time, while the smaller sakis and titi monkeys, Pithecia aequatorialis and Plecturocebus (formerly Callicebus) discolor, did not emerge until sunrise or later. None of the four taxa routinely began feeding before sunrise. Pithecia began feeding a median 2.17 h after sunrise, at least 0.8 h later than the median feeding times of the other three taxa. The early movement of Ateles and Lagothrix, and late initiation of feeding by Pithecia are consistent with temporal niche partitioning. Among most New World primate species, all males and many females, have dichromatic color vision, with only two cone photopigments, while some females are trichromats with three cone photopigments. Current evidence indicates that the dichromats have a foraging advantage in dim light, which could facilitate utilization of twilight periods and contribute to temporal niche partitioning. However, in our study, dichromatic males did not differentially exploit the dim light of twilight, and times of first feeding bouts of female Ateles and Lagothrix were similar to those of males. First feeding bouts followed a seasonal pattern, occurring latest in May-August, when ripe fruit abundance and ambient temperature were both relatively low. The most frugivorous taxon, Ateles, exhibited the greatest seasonality, initiating feeding 1.4 h later in May-August than in January-April. This pattern may imply a strategy of conserving energy when ripe fruit is scarcer, but starting earlier to compete successfully when fruit is more abundant. Lower temperatures were associated with later feeding of Ateles (by 26 min / °C) and perhaps Pithecia, but not Lagothrix or Plecturocebus. The potential for modification of temporal activity patterns and temporal niche partitioning by relatively small changes in temperature should be considered when predicting the effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Max Snodderly
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Kelsey M. Ellis
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Sarina R. Lieberman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Andrés Link
- Department of Biological Sciences and School of Management, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
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Bidner LR, Matsumoto‐Oda A, Isbell LA. The role of sleeping sites in the predator‐prey dynamics of leopards and olive baboons. Am J Primatol 2018; 80:e22932. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura R. Bidner
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
- Mpala Research CentreNanyukiKenya
| | - Akiko Matsumoto‐Oda
- Mpala Research CentreNanyukiKenya
- Graduate School of Tourism SciencesUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Lynne A. Isbell
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
- Mpala Research CentreNanyukiKenya
- Animal Behavior Graduate GroupUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
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13
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Hughey LF, Hein AM, Strandburg-Peshkin A, Jensen FH. Challenges and solutions for studying collective animal behaviour in the wild. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170005. [PMID: 29581390 PMCID: PMC5882975 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile animal groups provide some of the most compelling examples of self-organization in the natural world. While field observations of songbird flocks wheeling in the sky or anchovy schools fleeing from predators have inspired considerable interest in the mechanics of collective motion, the challenge of simultaneously monitoring multiple animals in the field has historically limited our capacity to study collective behaviour of wild animal groups with precision. However, recent technological advancements now present exciting opportunities to overcome many of these limitations. Here we review existing methods used to collect data on the movements and interactions of multiple animals in a natural setting. We then survey emerging technologies that are poised to revolutionize the study of collective animal behaviour by extending the spatial and temporal scales of inquiry, increasing data volume and quality, and expediting the post-processing of raw data.This article is part of the theme issue 'Collective movement ecology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey F Hughey
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Andrew M Hein
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Ariana Strandburg-Peshkin
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frants H Jensen
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
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