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Komasawa N, Yokohira M. Attitude toward career development in Japanese medical students: a questionnaire survey. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076982. [PMID: 38216194 PMCID: PMC10806647 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to evaluate attitudes of Japanese medical students toward career development, including the acquisition of medical specialty and doctorate degree qualifications. DESIGN This involved a web-based questionnaire survey. SETTING We asked medical students about attitudes toward career development after graduation. We also asked them about their intentions to acquire a medical specialty and a doctorate degree using a 5-point Likert scale. PARTICIPANTS All 699 medical students (from first to sixth grade) in our medical school. RESULTS The overall questionnaire response rate was 66.5% (465 of 699). Over 90.3% (420 of 465) of respondents desired the clinical discipline, while only 10 of 465 respondents (2.2%) did for basic research. Awareness of career development for ≥8 years after graduation was significantly lower compared with that for 1-2 years after graduation among fourth-sixth year students (fourth p=0.0023, fifth p<0.001, sixth p<0.001). Awareness of career development for 3-7 years after graduation was significantly lower compared with that for 1-2 years after graduation among third-sixth year students (third p<0.001, fourth p=0.003, fifth p<0.001, sixth p<0.001). In the sixth year medical students, only 10.3% showed strong awareness of career development for ≥8 years after graduation, while 39.7% of them did for 1-2 years after graduation. Intentions to acquire a doctorate degree were significantly weaker than those for a medical specialty in all years (p<0.001 in all grades). CONCLUSION Most Japanese medical students concentrated on the 2-year initial training period immediately after graduation, with vague plans for the subsequent years. Intentions to acquire a doctoral degree were significantly lower than those for a medical specialty. Our findings underscore the necessity for a comprehensive, longitudinal and systematic career development programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyasu Komasawa
- Department of Medical Education, Kagawa Daigaku, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masanao Yokohira
- Department of Medical Education, Kagawa Daigaku, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
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Motoya I, Tanabe S, Hirakawa Y, Iwai M, Takeda K, Koyama S, Kanada Y, Kawamura N, Kawamura M, Sakurai H. Changes in rehabilitation students' clinical placement and clinical competence at graduation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A pilot study. Work 2024; 78:267-277. [PMID: 38848158 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has affected physical and occupational therapist education in various ways. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether the pandemic changed clinical placement, thus influencing the clinical competence of physical and occupational therapists at a hospital in Japan. METHODS Eleven therapists (seven physical and four occupational) participated in this study in April 2021. Clinical placement teaching methods were surveyed using an online questionnaire. The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), comprising attitudinal and technical items, was used to examine clinical competence. The results were calculated as the sum of the attitudinal and technical scores, and the ratios of these scores to the full score were compared using a paired-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS During the pandemic, some schools implemented shortened practical clinical placements. The substituted classes included online-only classes and combined online and face-to-face classes. Regarding clinical competence, scores on the OSCE were mostly high. The median proportion of the total attitudinal score to the perfect score was 100% for all three items (range-of-motion test, muscle strength test, Stroke Impairment Assessment Set). The median proportion of the total technical score to the perfect score ranged from 56.7% to 76.7% for the three items. The ratio of the total attitudinal score to the full score was significantly higher than that of the total technical score to the full score (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Most clinical placements were canceled or partially administered through online learning during the pandemic. This decrease in clinical placements did not affect newly recruited physical and occupational therapists' clinical competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Motoya
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kawamura Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigeo Tanabe
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hirakawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kawamura Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masanobu Iwai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kawamura Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takeda
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Soichiro Koyama
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshikiyo Kanada
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Mami Kawamura
- Department of Neurology, Kawamura Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Komasawa N, Yokohira M. Comparison of attitudes toward community-based medicine between regional-quota and general-selected medical student in Japan. J Rural Med 2024; 19:10-16. [PMID: 38196803 PMCID: PMC10773998 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2023-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study compared the regional-quota and general-selected medical students' understanding, interest, and confidence in the community medicine practice and their attitudes toward the concept guidelines. Methods: We conducted a Web-based questionnaire survey regarding the understanding, interest, and confidence in future community medicine practice and attitudes toward concept guidelines among medical students of all grades (regional-quota and general-selected: n=82 and n=617, respectively). Results: The overall response rates were 68.5% (56/82) and 66.0% (409/617) in the regional-quota and general-selected groups, respectively. Although there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of understanding (P=0.998), interest and confidence in future practice were significantly higher in the regional-quota group (both P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups for any of the six questions regarding community medicine guidelines. Conclusion: The understanding of community medicine or its conceptual guidelines did not significantly differ between the two groups; however, interest and confidence in future practice were significantly higher in the regional-quota group. These results suggest that the regional-quota system positively upregulates the interest in community medicine, which could be associated with confidence in future practice. Comprehensive and longitudinal improvements in the regional-quota system may be effective in cultivating community medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyasu Komasawa
- Community Medicine Education Promotion Office, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - Masanao Yokohira
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
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Komasawa N, Yokohira M. Survey on Medical Students' Attitudes Toward Medical Practice Just Before Clinical Clerkship in Japan. Cureus 2024; 16:e52899. [PMID: 38406098 PMCID: PMC10891475 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study examined the confidence in essential medical practices during clinical clerkship (CC) and performance in preparing education for medical students who are just starting CC at our university. METHODS We conducted a survey using questionnaires with 105 fourth-year medical students just before starting CC. This questionnaire analysis consists of the confidence in objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and computer-based testing (CBT) performance toward essential medical practice recommended in the "Report on Medical Practice during Clinical Clerkship" by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare and medical safety for CC. RESULTS The response rate was 67.6% (71/105). As for the performance in each OSCE theme, the confidence in basic clinical technique was significantly smaller compared to chest or abdominal examination, medical interview, and emergency response (p<0.05 each). Medical interviews showed stronger confidence compared to gynecological, breast, or rectal examinations and prostate palpitation among medical examinations (p<0.05 each). In the basic technique during CC, skin disinfection showed stronger confidence compared to other techniques (p<0.05 each). On surgical technique during CC, surgical hand washing and gown technique significantly showed stronger confidence compared to skin suture, suture removal, bleeding control, and surgical assistant (p<0.05 each). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that medical students just before CC have less confidence in invasive medical practice during CC. As medical practice by student doctors becomes public, further systematic basic skill training both before and during CC is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyasu Komasawa
- Community Medicine Education Promotion Office, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, JPN
| | - Masanao Yokohira
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, JPN
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Bughrara MS, Swanberg SM, Lucia VC, Schmitz K, Jung D, Wunderlich-Barillas T. Beyond COVID-19: the impact of recent pandemics on medical students and their education: a scoping review. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2023; 28:2139657. [PMID: 36331873 PMCID: PMC9639463 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2022.2139657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past two years, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has greatly altered medical student education as well as daily life. Medical schools across the world were disrupted and had to immediately adapt the educational experience to the online environment in order to continue the delivery of quality medical education. However, COVID-19 was not the only recent pandemic. This posed the question, were similar disruptions and adaptations also seen in recent past pandemics such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) that could have prepared medical educators for COVID-19? This scoping review investigated the educational and personal impact of recent pandemics on medical students. METHODS This review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for scoping reviews. Nine databases including PubMed, ERIC, and EMBASE were systematically searched using keywords and subject headings related to medical students and SARS, H1N1, MERS, Ebola, Zika, and COVID-19. Studies were limited to research studies published between 2000 and 2020 and in English. Based on exclusion and inclusion criteria, all studies were independently screened by two reviewers first by the title/abstract and then via full text. Data were extracted from the included studies and analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 174 studies fit the criteria. Seven major themes emerged from those studies: educational adaptations and online modifications, knowledge and attitudes of students, mental wellness of students, student involvement and use of telehealth, student vaccination, physical wellness of students, and stigma. CONCLUSION This review provided insights into how medical students were affected by recent pandemics and their perceptions of pivoting to online education, mental health, and knowledge of the diseases. Additionally, this review showcases the various educational adaptations that emerged uniquely during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as telehealth services or video conferencing tools, that can be utilized in a post-pandemic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moneb S. Bughrara
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Swanberg
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
- Moustakas Johnson Library, Michigan School of Psychology, Farmington Hills, MI, USA
| | - Victoria C. Lucia
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Keaton Schmitz
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Dawn Jung
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Tracy Wunderlich-Barillas
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
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Wang X, Zhang J, Yang N, Zou M, He P. Stress and influencing factors of public health and preventive medicine students in the post-pandemic period: a cross-sectional study in Changsha, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1227441. [PMID: 37588114 PMCID: PMC10427115 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1227441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Little is known about the stress levels and associated factors of public health and preventive medicine students in the post-pandemic period. This study aims to investigate the stress levels of these students in the post-COVID-19 era and to determine the association of personal background, employment attitude, and psychological state with stress. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in March 2023 among 620 public health and preventive medicine students from two universities in Changsha, China. The survey included demographic characteristics, employment attitudes, perceived stress scale 10, general anxiety disorder 7, the University of California at Los Angeles loneliness scale 20, and the PTSD checklist-civilian version. Two-sided t-tests and ANOVA tests were used to compare the differences in PSS scores among variables, and multiple hierarchical regression analysis was used to evaluate the associated factors with stress. Results The survey was completed by 504 students (mean age: 21.5 ± 2.6 years, 69.2% female). 24.8% of the students were screened for a high level of stress. 69.0% thought the epidemic positively impacted employment while 18.5% believed it had a negative impact. The results of regression analysis showed that older age (B = 0.42, p = 0.001), higher grade (B 1 = 3.59, p < 0.001, B 2 = 4.57, p < 0.001), having internship experiences (B = 1.16, p = 0.006), having anti-epidemic experiences (B = 1.77, p < 0.001), believing that COVID-19 has a negative impact on employment (B = 2.56, p < 0.001), and having higher GAD scores (B = 0.64, p < 0.001) and UCLA scores (B = 0.07, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with high-stress levels. Conversely, being female (B = -1.64, p < 0.001) and believing that the pandemic had a positive impact on employment (B = -1.98, p = 0.001) were associated with low-stress levels. Conclusion Public health and preventive medicine students in Changsha, China, experienced a high-stress level in the post-pandemic period, which was influenced by age, gender, grade, employment attitude, internship experience, anxiety, and loneliness. As one of the main guardians of the epidemic, these students should be given more attention and psychological interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Wang
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Miliang Zou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pingping He
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Now, I think doctors can be heroes … Medical student's attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on key aspects of medical education and how the image of the medical profession has changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Wien Med Wochenschr 2021; 172:90-99. [PMID: 34714457 PMCID: PMC8554181 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-021-00891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic hit the world in early 2020 and influenced medical education worldwide. Distance learning, risk of infection and patient care, telehealth literacy, medical ethics and research in medical education are key factors of medical education challenged by the pandemic. Additionally, the following question arises: “What do medical students think about their future profession in the face of this crisis?” Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among all undergraduate medical students of the Medical University of Vienna. 872 students answered the self-developed questionnaire. Qualitative and quantitative data analyses were conducted. Results The data show that the COVID-19 pandemic has raised awareness for the key aspects. In all areas of interest, students’ feeling of petaredness is limited. Limitations in practical training and distance learning as well as social isolation concern a majority of students. Neutral, positive, and negative themes emerged in qualitative data analysis. Only 8% of the students of the first 3 years of study versus 13.4% of the students in higher years commented negatively. 18.7% of male vs. only 12.5% of all female students’ comments were positive. A large proportion of positive comments were dedicated to the relevance and deeper meaning of the medical profession. Infection risk and the demanding nature of the medical profession were predominant in negative comments. Conclusion The COVID-19 crisis has turned the spotlight on several aspects of medical education in need of reform. In addition, the occupational image of the medical profession seems to shift under the weight of this pandemic.
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Koh TJW, Ling AHZ, Chiang CLL, Lee GSJ, Tay HSE, Yi H. Attitudes towards COVID-19 precautionary measures and willingness to work during an outbreak among medical students in Singapore: a mixed-methods study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:317. [PMID: 34088316 PMCID: PMC8176668 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed challenges that medical students face when healthcare systems are under intense pressure. There is a need to assess medical students' education needs in pandemic preparedness. The objective of this mixed-methods study was threefold: (1) to assess COVID-19 perceived efficacy, susceptibility, and anxiety in relation to health literacy; (2) to describe attitudes towards a policy of precautionary measures against COVID-19 and willingness to work during an outbreak; and (3) to examine multilevel factors associated with willingness to work. METHODS An online survey was conducted among 263 medical students in Singapore during the lockdown period in July 2020. Participants were surveyed on COVID-19 related literacy, perceptions, anxiety, attitudes towards a policy of precautionary measures, and willingness to work during an outbreak. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the factors associated with the key outcome variable of willingness to work. In addition, open-ended questions were used to assess medical education needs, which were reported using thematic analysis. RESULTS Perceived adequacy of COVID-19 information was associated with higher perceived efficacy, lower perceived susceptibility, and lower anxiety levels among the students. Medical students were mostly supportive of COVID-19 precautionary measures except for relatively intrusive measures like in-home surveillance. The degree of willingness to work during an outbreak varied based on certain conditions, in particular family's health and safety, and was associated with self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, and hospital capacity of outbreak management. CONCLUSIONS Medical students' attitudes towards a policy of precautionary measures varied depending on legality, financial and psychological support, and privacy concerns. Health literacy played an important role in increasing the efficacy of protection against COVID-19 and reducing pandemic-related anxiety among medical students. Their willingness to work during an outbreak was increased by an effective policy of precautionary measures, hospital capacity to manage a pandemic, and assurance of family safety. Medical education should include pandemic preparedness to better prepare students to aid in pandemics, with emphasis on public health policy and ethics coupled with clinical training targeted to managing outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia Jia Wen Koh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abel Ho Zhi Ling
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Gabriel Sheng Jie Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hannah Si En Tay
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huso Yi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
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