1
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Mahdavi M, Prévost K, Balthazar P, Hus IFP, Duchesne É, Dumont N, Gagné-Ouellet V, Gagnon C, Laforest-Lapointe I, Massé E. Disturbance of the human gut microbiota in patients with Myotonic Dystrophy type 1. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:2097-2108. [PMID: 38803516 PMCID: PMC11128782 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder. Although DM1 is primarily characterized by progressive muscular weakness, it exhibits many multisystemic manifestations, such as cognitive deficits, cardiac conduction abnormalities, and cataracts, as well as endocrine and reproductive issues. Additionally, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is frequently affected, encompassing the entire digestive tract. However, the underlying causes of these GI symptoms remain uncertain, whether it is biomechanical problems of the intestine, involvement of bacterial communities, or both. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the structural changes in the gut microbiome of DM1 patients. To achieve this purpose, 35 patients with DM1 were recruited from the DM-Scope registry of the neuromuscular clinic in the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean region of the province of Québec, Canada. Stool samples from these 35 patients, including 15 paired samples with family members living with them as controls, were collected. Subsequently, these samples were sequenced by 16S MiSeq and were analyzed with DADA2 to generate taxonomic signatures. Our analysis revealed that the DM1 status correlated with changes in gut bacterial community. Notably, there were differences in the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Euryarchaeota, Fusobacteriota, and Cyanobacteria Phyla compared to healthy controls. However, no significant shift in gut microbiome community structure was observed between DM1 phenotypes. These findings provide valuable insights into how the gut bacterial community, in conjunction with biomechanical factors, could potentially influence the gastrointestinal tract of DM1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manijeh Mahdavi
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Karine Prévost
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Philippe Balthazar
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Isabelle Fisette-Paul Hus
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Élise Duchesne
- Physiotherapy teaching unit, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Nicolas Dumont
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Gagné-Ouellet
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Cynthia Gagnon
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
| | | | - Eric Massé
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
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2
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Rösing S, Ullrich F, Meisterfeld S, Schmidt F, Mlitzko L, Croon M, Nattrass RG, Eberl N, Mahlberg J, Schlee M, Wieland A, Simon P, Hilbig D, Reuner U, Rapp A, Bremser J, Mirtschink P, Drukewitz S, Zillinger T, Beissert S, Paeschke K, Hartmann G, Trifunovic A, Bartok E, Günther C. Chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress in myotonic dystrophy type 2 promotes autoimmunity via mitochondrial DNA release. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1534. [PMID: 38378748 PMCID: PMC10879130 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is a tetranucleotide CCTG repeat expansion disease associated with an increased prevalence of autoimmunity. Here, we identified an elevated type I interferon (IFN) signature in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and primary fibroblasts of DM2 patients as a trigger of chronic immune stimulation. Although RNA-repeat accumulation was prevalent in the cytosol of DM2-patient fibroblasts, type-I IFN release did not depend on innate RNA immune sensors but rather the DNA sensor cGAS and the prevalence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the cytoplasm. Sublethal mtDNA release was promoted by a chronic activation of the ATF6 branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in reaction to RNA-repeat accumulation and non-AUG translated tetrapeptide expansion proteins. ATF6-dependent mtDNA release and resulting cGAS/STING activation could also be recapitulated in human THP-1 monocytes exposed to chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Altogether, our study demonstrates a novel mechanism by which large repeat expansions cause chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress and associated mtDNA leakage. This mtDNA is, in turn, sensed by the cGAS/STING pathway and induces a type-I IFN response predisposing to autoimmunity. Elucidating this pathway reveals new potential therapeutic targets for autoimmune disorders associated with repeat expansion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rösing
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Ullrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susann Meisterfeld
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Laura Mlitzko
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marijana Croon
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Faculty of Medicine, CECAD Research Center, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ryan G Nattrass
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nadia Eberl
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Mahlberg
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Schlee
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Wieland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Simon
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Hilbig
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Reuner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Rapp
- Department of Biology, Cell biology and Epigenetic, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julia Bremser
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Mirtschink
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Drukewitz
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Zillinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Beissert
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Paeschke
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Faculty of Medicine, CECAD Research Center, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Bartok
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Unit of Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Kumar M, Tyagi N, Faruq M. The molecular mechanisms of spinocerebellar ataxias for DNA repeat expansion in disease. Emerg Top Life Sci 2023; 7:289-312. [PMID: 37668011 DOI: 10.1042/etls20230013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a heterogenous group of neurodegenerative disorders which commonly inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. They cause muscle incoordination due to degeneration of the cerebellum and other parts of nervous system. Out of all the characterized (>50) SCAs, 14 SCAs are caused due to microsatellite repeat expansion mutations. Repeat expansions can result in toxic protein gain-of-function, protein loss-of-function, and/or RNA gain-of-function effects. The location and the nature of mutation modulate the underlying disease pathophysiology resulting in varying disease manifestations. Potential toxic effects of these mutations likely affect key major cellular processes such as transcriptional regulation, mitochondrial functioning, ion channel dysfunction and synaptic transmission. Involvement of several common pathways suggests interlinked function of genes implicated in the disease pathogenesis. A better understanding of the shared and distinct molecular pathogenic mechanisms in these diseases is required to develop targeted therapeutic tools and interventions for disease management. The prime focus of this review is to elaborate on how expanded 'CAG' repeats contribute to the common modes of neurotoxicity and their possible therapeutic targets in management of such devastating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Nishu Tyagi
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mohammed Faruq
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
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García-Puga M, Saenz-Antoñanzas A, Matheu A, López de Munain A. Targeting Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 with Metformin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052901. [PMID: 35270043 PMCID: PMC8910924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystemic disorder of genetic origin. Progressive muscular weakness, atrophy and myotonia are its most prominent neuromuscular features, while additional clinical manifestations in multiple organs are also common. Overall, DM1 features resemble accelerated aging. There is currently no cure or specific treatment for myotonic dystrophy patients. However, in recent years a great effort has been made to identify potential new therapeutic strategies for DM1 patients. Metformin is a biguanide antidiabetic drug, with potential to delay aging at cellular and organismal levels. In DM1, different studies revealed that metformin rescues multiple phenotypes of the disease. This review provides an overview of recent findings describing metformin as a novel therapy to combat DM1 and their link with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel García-Puga
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED-CIBER), Carlos III Institute, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ander Saenz-Antoñanzas
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
- Basque Foundation for Science (IKERBASQUE), 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Carlos III Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (A.L.d.M.); Tel.: +34-943-006-073 (A.M.); +34-943-006-294 (A.L.d.M.)
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED-CIBER), Carlos III Institute, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Department, Donostia University Hospital, OSAKIDETZA, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (A.L.d.M.); Tel.: +34-943-006-073 (A.M.); +34-943-006-294 (A.L.d.M.)
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5
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The Splicing of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Genuine Activator MICU1 Is Driven by RBFOX2 Splicing Factor during Myogenic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052517. [PMID: 35269658 PMCID: PMC8909990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing, the process by which exons within a pre-mRNA transcript are differentially joined or skipped, is crucial in skeletal muscle since it is required both during myogenesis and in post-natal life to reprogram the transcripts of contractile proteins, metabolic enzymes, and transcription factors in functionally distinct muscle fiber types. The importance of such events is underlined by the numerosity of pathological conditions caused by alternative splicing aberrations. Importantly, many skeletal muscle Ca2+ homeostasis genes are also regulated by alternative splicing mechanisms, among which is the Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter (MCU) genuine activator MICU1 which regulates MCU opening upon cell stimulation. We have previously shown that murine skeletal muscle MICU1 is subjected to alternative splicing, thereby generating a splice variant-which was named MICU1.1-that confers unique properties to the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and ensuring sufficient ATP production for muscle contraction. Here we extended the analysis of MICU1 alternative splicing to human tissues, finding two additional splicing variants that were characterized by their ability to regulate mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Furthermore, we found that MICU1 alternative splicing is induced during myogenesis by the splicing factor RBFOX2. These results highlight the complexity of the alternative splicing mechanisms in skeletal muscle and the regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ among tissues.
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6
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Neault N, O’Reilly S, Baig AT, Plaza-Diaz J, Azimi M, Farooq F, Baird SD, MacKenzie A. High-throughput kinome-RNAi screen identifies protein kinase R activator (PACT) as a novel genetic modifier of CUG foci integrity in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256276. [PMID: 34520479 PMCID: PMC8439471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) is the most common form of adult muscular dystrophy (~1:8000). In DM1, expansion of CTG trinucleotide repeats in the 3' untranslated region of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) gene results in DMPK mRNA hairpin structures which aggregate as insoluble ribonuclear foci and sequester several RNA-binding proteins. The resulting sequestration and misregulation of important splicing factors, such as muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1), causes the aberrant expression of fetal transcripts for several genes that contribute to the disease phenotype. Previous work has shown that antisense oligonucleotide-mediated disaggregation of the intranuclear foci has the potential to reverse downstream anomalies. To explore whether the nuclear foci are, to some extent, controlled by cell signalling pathways, we have performed a screen using a small interfering RNA (siRNA) library targeting 518 protein kinases to look at kinomic modulation of foci integrity. RNA foci were visualized by in situ hybridization of a fluorescent-tagged (CAG)10 probe directed towards the expanded DMPK mRNA and the cross-sectional area and number of foci per nuclei were recorded. From our screen, we have identified PACT (protein kinase R (PKR) activator) as a novel modulator of foci integrity and have shown that PACT knockdown can both increase MBNL1 protein levels; however, these changes are not suffcient for significant correction of downstream spliceopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisa Neault
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sean O’Reilly
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Aiman Tariq Baig
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mehrdad Azimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Faraz Farooq
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen D. Baird
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alex MacKenzie
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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7
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Huntingtin and Its Role in Mechanisms of RNA-Mediated Toxicity. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070487. [PMID: 34357961 PMCID: PMC8310054 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by a CAG-repeat expansion mutation in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. It is characterized by progressive psychiatric and neurological symptoms in combination with a progressive movement disorder. Despite the ubiquitous expression of HTT, pathological changes occur quite selectively in the central nervous system. Since the discovery of HD more than 150 years ago, a lot of research on molecular mechanisms contributing to neurotoxicity has remained the focal point. While traditionally, the protein encoded by the HTT gene remained the cynosure for researchers and was extensively reviewed elsewhere, several studies in the last few years clearly indicated the contribution of the mutant RNA transcript to cellular dysfunction as well. In this review, we outline recent studies on RNA-mediated molecular mechanisms that are linked to cellular dysfunction in HD models. These mechanisms include mis-splicing, aberrant translation, deregulation of the miRNA machinery, deregulated RNA transport and abnormal regulation of mitochondrial RNA. Furthermore, we summarize recent therapeutical approaches targeting the mutant HTT transcript. While currently available treatments are of a palliative nature only and do not halt the disease progression, recent clinical studies provide hope that these novel RNA-targeting strategies will lead to better therapeutic approaches.
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8
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Meola G. Myotonic dystrophy type 2: the 2020 update. ACTA MYOLOGICA : MYOPATHIES AND CARDIOMYOPATHIES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY OF MYOLOGY 2020; 39:222-234. [PMID: 33458578 PMCID: PMC7783423 DOI: 10.36185/2532-1900-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The myotonic dystrophies are the commonest cause of adult-onset muscular dystrophy. Phenotypes of DM1 and DM2 are similar, but there are some important differences, including the presence or absence of congenital form, muscles primarily affected (distal vs proximal), involved muscle fiber types (type 1 vs type 2 fibers), and some associated multisystemic phenotypes. There is currently no cure for the myotonic dystrophies but effective management significantly reduces the morbidity and mortality of patients. For the enormous understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of myotonic dystrophy type 1 and myotonic dystrophy type 2, these diseases are now called "spliceopathies" and are mediated by a primary disorder of RNA rather than proteins. Despite clinical and genetic similarities, myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2 are distinct disorders requiring different diagnostic and management strategies. Gene therapy for myotonic dystrophy type 1 and myotonic dystrophy type 2 appears to be very close and the near future is an exciting time for clinicians and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Meola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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9
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Silva DBS, Fonseca LFS, Pinheiro DG, Magalhães AFB, Muniz MMM, Ferro JA, Baldi F, Chardulo LAL, Schnabel RD, Taylor JF, Albuquerque LG. Spliced genes in muscle from Nelore Cattle and their association with carcass and meat quality. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14701. [PMID: 32895448 PMCID: PMC7477197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcript data obtained by RNA-Seq were used to identify differentially expressed alternatively spliced genes in ribeye muscle tissue between Nelore cattle that differed in their ribeye area (REA) or intramuscular fat content (IF). A total of 166 alternatively spliced transcripts from 125 genes were significantly differentially expressed in ribeye muscle between the highest and lowest REA groups (p ≤ 0.05). For animals selected on their IF content, 269 alternatively spliced transcripts from 219 genes were differentially expressed in ribeye muscle between the highest and lowest IF animals. Cassette exons and alternative 3′ splice sites were the most frequently found alternatively spliced transcripts for REA and IF content. For both traits, some differentially expressed alternatively spliced transcripts belonged to myosin and myotilin gene families. The hub transcripts were identified for REA (LRRFIP1, RCAN1 and RHOBTB1) and IF (TRIP12, HSPE1 and MAP2K6) have an important role to play in muscle cell degradation, development and motility. In general, transcripts were found for both traits with biological process GO terms that were involved in pathways related to protein ubiquitination, muscle differentiation, lipids and hormonal systems. Our results reinforce the biological importance of these known processes but also reveal new insights into the complexity of the whole cell muscle mRNA of Nelore cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielly B S Silva
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
| | - Larissa F S Fonseca
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel G Pinheiro
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana F B Magalhães
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria M M Muniz
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Jesus A Ferro
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.,National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Fernando Baldi
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.,National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Luis A L Chardulo
- School of Veterinary and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Robert D Schnabel
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jeremy F Taylor
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lucia G Albuquerque
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. .,National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
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10
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Cerro-Herreros E, González-Martínez I, Moreno-Cervera N, Overby S, Pérez-Alonso M, Llamusí B, Artero R. Therapeutic Potential of AntagomiR-23b for Treating Myotonic Dystrophy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:837-849. [PMID: 32805487 PMCID: PMC7452101 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a chronically debilitating, rare genetic disease that originates from an expansion of a noncoding CTG repeat in the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) gene. The expansion becomes pathogenic when DMPK transcripts contain 50 or more repetitions due to the sequestration of the muscleblind-like (MBNL) family of proteins. Depletion of MBNLs causes alterations in splicing patterns in transcripts that contribute to clinical symptoms such as myotonia and muscle weakness and wasting. We previously found that microRNA (miR)-23b directly regulates MBNL1 in DM1 myoblasts and mice and that antisense technology (“antagomiRs”) blocking this microRNA (miRNA) boosts MBNL1 protein levels. Here, we show the therapeutic effect over time in response to administration of antagomiR-23b as a treatment in human skeletal actin long repeat (HSALR) mice. Subcutaneous administration of antagomiR-23b upregulated the expression of MBNL1 protein and rescued splicing alterations, grip strength, and myotonia in a dose-dependent manner with long-lasting effects. Additionally, the effects of the treatment on grip strength and myotonia were still slightly notable after 45 days. The pharmacokinetic data obtained provide further evidence that miR-23b could be a valid therapeutic target for DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Cerro-Herreros
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain; Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Joint Unit Incliva-CIPF, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene González-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain; Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Joint Unit Incliva-CIPF, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nerea Moreno-Cervera
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain; Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Joint Unit Incliva-CIPF, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarah Overby
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain; Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Joint Unit Incliva-CIPF, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Pérez-Alonso
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain; Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Joint Unit Incliva-CIPF, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Llamusí
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain; Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Joint Unit Incliva-CIPF, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén Artero
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain; Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Joint Unit Incliva-CIPF, Valencia, Spain.
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Ballester-Lopez A, Núñez-Manchón J, Koehorst E, Linares-Pardo I, Almendrote M, Lucente G, Guanyabens N, Lopez-Osias M, Suárez-Mesa A, Hanick SA, Chojnacki J, Lucia A, Pintos-Morell G, Coll-Cantí J, Martínez-Piñeiro A, Ramos-Fransi A, Nogales-Gadea G. Three-dimensional imaging in myotonic dystrophy type 1: Linking molecular alterations with disease phenotype. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2020; 6:e484. [PMID: 32802949 PMCID: PMC7413607 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective We aimed to determine whether 3D imaging reconstruction allows identifying molecular:clinical associations in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Methods We obtained myoblasts from 6 patients with DM1 and 6 controls. We measured cytosine-thymine-guanine (CTG) expansion and detected RNA foci and muscleblind like 1 (MBNL1) through 3D reconstruction. We studied dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) expression and splicing alterations of MBNL1, insulin receptor, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 1. Results Three-dimensional analysis showed that RNA foci (nuclear and/or cytoplasmic) were present in 45%-100% of DM1-derived myoblasts we studied (range: 0-6 foci per cell). RNA foci represented <0.6% of the total myoblast nuclear volume. CTG expansion size was associated with the number of RNA foci per myoblast (r = 0.876 [95% confidence interval 0.222-0.986]) as well as with the number of cytoplasmic RNA foci (r = 0.943 [0.559-0.994]). Although MBNL1 colocalized with RNA foci in all DM1 myoblast cell lines, colocalization only accounted for 1% of total MBNL1 expression, with the absence of DM1 alternative splicing patterns. The number of RNA foci was associated with DMPK expression (r = 0.967 [0.079-0.999]). On the other hand, the number of cytoplasmic RNA foci was correlated with the age at disease onset (r = -0.818 [-0.979 to 0.019]). Conclusions CTG expansion size modulates RNA foci number in myoblasts derived from patients with DM1. MBNL1 sequestration plays only a minor role in the pathobiology of the disease in these cells. Higher number of cytoplasmic RNA foci is related to an early onset of the disease, a finding that should be corroborated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonsina Ballester-Lopez
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group (A.B.-L., J.N.-M., E.K., I.L.-P., M.A., G.L., M.L.-O., A.S.-M., S.A.H., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F., G.N.-G.), Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (A.B.-L., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., G.N.-G.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neuromuscular Pathology Unit. Neurology Service. Neuroscience department (M.A., G.L., N.G., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F.), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona; IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (J.C.), Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences (A.L.), Universidad Europea de Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (A.L.), Madrid; and Division of Rare Diseases. University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (G.P.-M.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Núñez-Manchón
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group (A.B.-L., J.N.-M., E.K., I.L.-P., M.A., G.L., M.L.-O., A.S.-M., S.A.H., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F., G.N.-G.), Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (A.B.-L., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., G.N.-G.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neuromuscular Pathology Unit. Neurology Service. Neuroscience department (M.A., G.L., N.G., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F.), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona; IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (J.C.), Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences (A.L.), Universidad Europea de Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (A.L.), Madrid; and Division of Rare Diseases. University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (G.P.-M.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Koehorst
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group (A.B.-L., J.N.-M., E.K., I.L.-P., M.A., G.L., M.L.-O., A.S.-M., S.A.H., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F., G.N.-G.), Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (A.B.-L., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., G.N.-G.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neuromuscular Pathology Unit. Neurology Service. Neuroscience department (M.A., G.L., N.G., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F.), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona; IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (J.C.), Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences (A.L.), Universidad Europea de Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (A.L.), Madrid; and Division of Rare Diseases. University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (G.P.-M.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ian Linares-Pardo
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group (A.B.-L., J.N.-M., E.K., I.L.-P., M.A., G.L., M.L.-O., A.S.-M., S.A.H., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F., G.N.-G.), Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (A.B.-L., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., G.N.-G.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neuromuscular Pathology Unit. Neurology Service. Neuroscience department (M.A., G.L., N.G., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F.), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona; IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (J.C.), Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences (A.L.), Universidad Europea de Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (A.L.), Madrid; and Division of Rare Diseases. University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (G.P.-M.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Almendrote
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group (A.B.-L., J.N.-M., E.K., I.L.-P., M.A., G.L., M.L.-O., A.S.-M., S.A.H., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F., G.N.-G.), Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (A.B.-L., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., G.N.-G.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neuromuscular Pathology Unit. Neurology Service. Neuroscience department (M.A., G.L., N.G., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F.), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona; IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (J.C.), Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences (A.L.), Universidad Europea de Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (A.L.), Madrid; and Division of Rare Diseases. University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (G.P.-M.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Lucente
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group (A.B.-L., J.N.-M., E.K., I.L.-P., M.A., G.L., M.L.-O., A.S.-M., S.A.H., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F., G.N.-G.), Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (A.B.-L., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., G.N.-G.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neuromuscular Pathology Unit. Neurology Service. Neuroscience department (M.A., G.L., N.G., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F.), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona; IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (J.C.), Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences (A.L.), Universidad Europea de Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (A.L.), Madrid; and Division of Rare Diseases. University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (G.P.-M.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolau Guanyabens
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group (A.B.-L., J.N.-M., E.K., I.L.-P., M.A., G.L., M.L.-O., A.S.-M., S.A.H., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F., G.N.-G.), Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (A.B.-L., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., G.N.-G.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neuromuscular Pathology Unit. Neurology Service. Neuroscience department (M.A., G.L., N.G., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F.), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona; IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (J.C.), Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences (A.L.), Universidad Europea de Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (A.L.), Madrid; and Division of Rare Diseases. University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (G.P.-M.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Lopez-Osias
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group (A.B.-L., J.N.-M., E.K., I.L.-P., M.A., G.L., M.L.-O., A.S.-M., S.A.H., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F., G.N.-G.), Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (A.B.-L., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., G.N.-G.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neuromuscular Pathology Unit. Neurology Service. Neuroscience department (M.A., G.L., N.G., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F.), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona; IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (J.C.), Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences (A.L.), Universidad Europea de Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (A.L.), Madrid; and Division of Rare Diseases. University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (G.P.-M.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Suárez-Mesa
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group (A.B.-L., J.N.-M., E.K., I.L.-P., M.A., G.L., M.L.-O., A.S.-M., S.A.H., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F., G.N.-G.), Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (A.B.-L., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., G.N.-G.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neuromuscular Pathology Unit. Neurology Service. Neuroscience department (M.A., G.L., N.G., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F.), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona; IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (J.C.), Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences (A.L.), Universidad Europea de Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (A.L.), Madrid; and Division of Rare Diseases. University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (G.P.-M.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shaliza Ann Hanick
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group (A.B.-L., J.N.-M., E.K., I.L.-P., M.A., G.L., M.L.-O., A.S.-M., S.A.H., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F., G.N.-G.), Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (A.B.-L., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., G.N.-G.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neuromuscular Pathology Unit. Neurology Service. Neuroscience department (M.A., G.L., N.G., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F.), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona; IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (J.C.), Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences (A.L.), Universidad Europea de Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (A.L.), Madrid; and Division of Rare Diseases. University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (G.P.-M.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jakub Chojnacki
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group (A.B.-L., J.N.-M., E.K., I.L.-P., M.A., G.L., M.L.-O., A.S.-M., S.A.H., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F., G.N.-G.), Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (A.B.-L., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., G.N.-G.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neuromuscular Pathology Unit. Neurology Service. Neuroscience department (M.A., G.L., N.G., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F.), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona; IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (J.C.), Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences (A.L.), Universidad Europea de Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (A.L.), Madrid; and Division of Rare Diseases. University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (G.P.-M.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group (A.B.-L., J.N.-M., E.K., I.L.-P., M.A., G.L., M.L.-O., A.S.-M., S.A.H., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F., G.N.-G.), Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (A.B.-L., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., G.N.-G.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neuromuscular Pathology Unit. Neurology Service. Neuroscience department (M.A., G.L., N.G., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F.), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona; IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (J.C.), Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences (A.L.), Universidad Europea de Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (A.L.), Madrid; and Division of Rare Diseases. University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (G.P.-M.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Pintos-Morell
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group (A.B.-L., J.N.-M., E.K., I.L.-P., M.A., G.L., M.L.-O., A.S.-M., S.A.H., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F., G.N.-G.), Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (A.B.-L., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., G.N.-G.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neuromuscular Pathology Unit. Neurology Service. Neuroscience department (M.A., G.L., N.G., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F.), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona; IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (J.C.), Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences (A.L.), Universidad Europea de Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (A.L.), Madrid; and Division of Rare Diseases. University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (G.P.-M.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Coll-Cantí
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group (A.B.-L., J.N.-M., E.K., I.L.-P., M.A., G.L., M.L.-O., A.S.-M., S.A.H., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F., G.N.-G.), Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (A.B.-L., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., G.N.-G.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neuromuscular Pathology Unit. Neurology Service. Neuroscience department (M.A., G.L., N.G., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F.), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona; IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (J.C.), Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences (A.L.), Universidad Europea de Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (A.L.), Madrid; and Division of Rare Diseases. University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (G.P.-M.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Martínez-Piñeiro
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group (A.B.-L., J.N.-M., E.K., I.L.-P., M.A., G.L., M.L.-O., A.S.-M., S.A.H., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F., G.N.-G.), Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (A.B.-L., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., G.N.-G.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neuromuscular Pathology Unit. Neurology Service. Neuroscience department (M.A., G.L., N.G., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F.), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona; IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (J.C.), Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences (A.L.), Universidad Europea de Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (A.L.), Madrid; and Division of Rare Diseases. University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (G.P.-M.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Ramos-Fransi
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group (A.B.-L., J.N.-M., E.K., I.L.-P., M.A., G.L., M.L.-O., A.S.-M., S.A.H., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F., G.N.-G.), Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (A.B.-L., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., G.N.-G.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neuromuscular Pathology Unit. Neurology Service. Neuroscience department (M.A., G.L., N.G., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F.), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona; IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (J.C.), Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences (A.L.), Universidad Europea de Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (A.L.), Madrid; and Division of Rare Diseases. University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (G.P.-M.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group (A.B.-L., J.N.-M., E.K., I.L.-P., M.A., G.L., M.L.-O., A.S.-M., S.A.H., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F., G.N.-G.), Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (A.B.-L., G.P.-M., J.C.-C., G.N.-G.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neuromuscular Pathology Unit. Neurology Service. Neuroscience department (M.A., G.L., N.G., J.C.-C., A.M.-P., A.R.-F.), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona; IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (J.C.), Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences (A.L.), Universidad Europea de Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (A.L.), Madrid; and Division of Rare Diseases. University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (G.P.-M.), Barcelona, Spain
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Yadava RS, Yu Q, Mandal M, Rigo F, Bennett CF, Mahadevan MS. Systemic therapy in an RNA toxicity mouse model with an antisense oligonucleotide therapy targeting a non-CUG sequence within the DMPK 3'UTR RNA. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:1440-1453. [PMID: 32242217 PMCID: PMC7268549 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the most common adult muscular dystrophy, is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by an expansion of a (CTG)n tract within the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) gene. Mutant DMPK mRNAs are toxic, present in nuclear RNA foci and correlated with a plethora of RNA splicing defects. Cardinal features of DM1 are myotonia and cardiac conduction abnormalities. Using transgenic mice, we have demonstrated that expression of the mutant DMPK 3'UTR is sufficient to elicit these features of DM1. Here, using these mice, we present a study of systemic treatment with an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) (ISIS 486178) targeted to a non-CUG sequence within the 3'UTR of DMPK. RNA foci and DMPK 3'UTR mRNA levels were reduced in both the heart and skeletal muscles. This correlated with improvements in several splicing defects in skeletal and cardiac muscles. The treatment reduced myotonia and this correlated with increased Clcn1 expression. Furthermore, functional testing showed improvements in treadmill running. Of note, we demonstrate that the ASO treatment reversed the cardiac conduction abnormalities, and this correlated with restoration of Gja5 (connexin 40) expression in the heart. This is the first time that an ASO targeting a non-CUG sequence within the DMPK 3'UTR has demonstrated benefit on the key DM1 phenotypes of myotonia and cardiac conduction defects. Our data also shows for the first time that ASOs may be a viable option for treating cardiac pathology in DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh S Yadava
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mahua Mandal
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, CA 90210, USA
| | | | - Mani S Mahadevan
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article describes the clinical features, pathogenesis, prevalence, diagnosis, and management of myotonic dystrophy type 1 and myotonic dystrophy type 2. RECENT FINDINGS The prevalence of myotonic dystrophy type 1 is better understood than the prevalence of myotonic dystrophy type 2, and new evidence indicates that the risk of cancer is increased in patients with the myotonic dystrophies. In addition, descriptions of the clinical symptoms and relative risks of comorbidities such as cardiac arrhythmias associated with myotonic dystrophy type 1 have been improved. SUMMARY Myotonic dystrophy type 1 and myotonic dystrophy type 2 are both characterized by progressive muscle weakness, early-onset cataracts, and myotonia. However, both disorders have multisystem manifestations that require a comprehensive management plan. While no disease-modifying therapies have yet been identified, advances in therapeutic development have a promising future.
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Santoro M, Piacentini R, Perna A, Pisano E, Severino A, Modoni A, Grassi C, Silvestri G. Resveratrol corrects aberrant splicing of RYR1 pre-mRNA and Ca 2+ signal in myotonic dystrophy type 1 myotubes. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1757-1766. [PMID: 32209783 PMCID: PMC7437583 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.276336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a spliceopathy related to the mis-splicing of several genes caused by sequestration of nuclear transcriptional RNA-binding factors from non-coding CUG repeats of DMPK pre-mRNAs. Dysregulation of ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1), sarcoplasmatic/endoplasmatic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and α1S subunit of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (Cav1.1) is related to Ca2+ homeostasis and excitation-contraction coupling impairment. Though no pharmacological treatment for DM1 exists, aberrant splicing correction represents one major therapeutic target for this disease. Resveratrol (RES, 3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a promising pharmacological tools for DM1 treatment for its ability to directly bind the DNA and RNA influencing gene expression and alternative splicing. Herein, we analyzed the therapeutic effects of RES in DM1 myotubes in a pilot study including cultured myotubes from two DM1 patients and two healthy controls. Our results indicated that RES treatment corrected the aberrant splicing of RYR1, and this event appeared associated with restoring of depolarization-induced Ca2+ release from RYR1 dependent on the electro-mechanical coupling between RYR1 and Cav1.1. Interestingly, immunoblotting studies showed that RES treatment was associated with a reduction in the levels of CUGBP Elav-like family member 1, while RYR1, Cav1.1 and SERCA1 protein levels were unchanged. Finally, RES treatment did not induce any major changes either in the amount of ribonuclear foci or sequestration of muscleblind-like splicing regulator 1. Overall, the results of this pilot study would support RES as an attractive compound for future clinical trials in DM1. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy (rs9879/14) on May 20, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Piacentini
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Perna
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Pisano
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Severino
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Modoni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Silvestri
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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15
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Yadava RS, Kim YK, Mandal M, Mahadevan K, Gladman JT, Yu Q, Mahadevan MS. MBNL1 overexpression is not sufficient to rescue the phenotypes in a mouse model of RNA toxicity. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:2330-2338. [PMID: 30997488 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by an expanded (CTG)n tract in the 3'UTR of the DM protein kinase (DMPK) gene. The RNA transcripts produced from the expanded allele sequester or alter the function of RNA-binding proteins (MBNL1, CUGBP1, etc.). The sequestration of MBNL1 results in RNA-splicing defects that contribute to disease. Overexpression of MBNL1 in skeletal muscle has been shown to rescue some of the DM1 features in a mouse model and has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for DM1. Here, we sought to confirm if overexpression of MBNL1 rescues the phenotypes in a different mouse model of RNA toxicity. Using an inducible mouse model of RNA toxicity in which expression of the mutant DMPK 3'UTR results in RNA foci formation, MBNL1 sequestration, splicing defects, myotonia and cardiac conduction defects, we find that MBNL1 overexpression did not rescue skeletal muscle function nor beneficially affect cardiac conduction. Surprisingly, MBNL1 overexpression also did not rescue myotonia, though variable rescue of Clcn1 splicing and other splicing defects was seen. Additionally, contrary to the previous study, we found evidence for increased muscle histopathology with MBNL1 overexpression. Overall, we did not find evidence for beneficial effects from overexpression of MBNL1 as a means to correct RNA toxicity mediated by mRNAs containing an expanded DMPK 3'UTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh S Yadava
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yun K Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mahua Mandal
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Jordan T Gladman
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mani S Mahadevan
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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16
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Reddy K, Jenquin JR, Cleary JD, Berglund JA. Mitigating RNA Toxicity in Myotonic Dystrophy using Small Molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4017. [PMID: 31426500 PMCID: PMC6720693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This review, one in a series on myotonic dystrophy (DM), is focused on the development and potential use of small molecules as therapeutics for DM. The complex mechanisms and pathogenesis of DM are covered in the associated reviews. Here, we examine the various small molecule approaches taken to target the DNA, RNA, and proteins that contribute to disease onset and progression in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and 2 (DM2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaalak Reddy
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - Jana R Jenquin
- Center for NeuroGenetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - John D Cleary
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - J Andrew Berglund
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
- Center for NeuroGenetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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17
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Lee KY, Chang HC, Seah C, Lee LJ. Deprivation of Muscleblind-Like Proteins Causes Deficits in Cortical Neuron Distribution and Morphological Changes in Dendritic Spines and Postsynaptic Densities. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:75. [PMID: 31417371 PMCID: PMC6682673 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy (Dystrophia Myotonica; DM) is the most common adult-onset muscular dystrophy and its brain symptoms seriously affect patients’ quality of life. It is caused by extended (CTG)n expansions at 3′-UTR of DMPK gene (DM type 1, DM1) or (CCTG)n repeats in the intron 1 of CNBP gene (DM type 2, DM2) and the sequestration of Muscleblind-like (MBNL) family proteins by transcribed (CUG)n RNA hairpin is the main pathogenic mechanism for DM. The MBNL proteins are splicing factors regulating posttranscriptional RNA during development. Previously, Mbnl knockout (KO) mouse lines showed molecular and phenotypic evidence that recapitulate DM brains, however, detailed morphological study has not yet been accomplished. In our studies, control (Mbnl1+/+; Mbnl2cond/cond; Nestin-Cre−/−), Mbnl2 conditional KO (2KO, Mbnl1+/+; Mbnl2cond/cond; Nestin-Cre+/−) and Mbnl1/2 double KO (DKO, Mbnl1ΔE3/ΔE3; Mbnl2cond/cond; Nestin-Cre+/−) mice were generated by crossing three individual lines. Immunohistochemistry for evaluating density and distribution of cortical neurons; Golgi staining for depicting the dendrites/dendritic spines; and electron microscopy for analyzing postsynaptic ultrastructure were performed. We found distributional defects in cortical neurons, reduction in dendritic complexity, immature dendritic spines and alterations of postsynaptic densities (PSDs) in the mutants. In conclusion, loss of function of Mbnl1/2 caused fundamental defects affecting neuronal distribution, dendritic morphology and postsynaptic architectures that are reminiscent of predominantly immature and fetal phenotypes in DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Ching Chang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Carol Seah
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Kim EY, Barefield DY, Vo AH, Gacita AM, Schuster EJ, Wyatt EJ, Davis JL, Dong B, Sun C, Page P, Dellefave-Castillo L, Demonbreun A, Zhang HF, McNally EM. Distinct pathological signatures in human cellular models of myotonic dystrophy subtypes. JCI Insight 2019; 4:122686. [PMID: 30730308 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is the most common autosomal dominant muscular dystrophy and encompasses both skeletal muscle and cardiac complications. DM is nucleotide repeat expansion disorder in which type 1 (DM1) is due to a trinucleotide repeat expansion on chromosome 19 and type 2 (DM2) arises from a tetranucleotide repeat expansion on chromosome 3. Developing representative models of DM in animals has been challenging due to instability of nucleotide repeat expansions, especially for DM2, which is characterized by nucleotide repeat expansions often greater than 5,000 copies. To investigate mechanisms of human DM, we generated cellular models of DM1 and DM2. We used regulated MyoD expression to reprogram urine-derived cells into myotubes. In this myogenic cell model, we found impaired dystrophin expression, in the presence of muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1) foci, and aberrant splicing in DM1 but not in DM2 cells. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from healthy controls and DM1 and DM2 subjects, and we differentiated these into cardiomyocytes. DM1 and DM2 cells displayed an increase in RNA foci concomitant with cellular differentiation. iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from DM1 but not DM2 had aberrant splicing of known target genes and MBNL sequestration. High-resolution imaging revealed tight association between MBNL clusters and RNA foci in DM1. Ca2+ transients differed between DM1- and DM2 iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, and each differed from healthy control cells. RNA-sequencing from DM1- and DM2 iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes revealed distinct misregulation of gene expression, as well as differential aberrant splicing patterns. Together, these data support that DM1 and DM2, despite some shared clinical and molecular features, have distinct pathological signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Y Kim
- Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David Y Barefield
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andy H Vo
- Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anthony M Gacita
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emma J Schuster
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eugene J Wyatt
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Biqin Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Patrick Page
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa Dellefave-Castillo
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexis Demonbreun
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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19
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Morriss GR, Rajapakshe K, Huang S, Coarfa C, Cooper TA. Mechanisms of skeletal muscle wasting in a mouse model for myotonic dystrophy type 1. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2789-2804. [PMID: 29771332 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multi-systemic disease resulting in severe muscle weakening and wasting. DM1 is caused by expansion of CTG repeats in the 3' untranslated region of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) gene. We have developed an inducible, skeletal muscle-specific mouse model of DM1 (CUG960) that expresses 960 CUG repeat-expressing animals (CUG960) in the context of human DMPK exons 11-15. CUG960 RNA-expressing mice induced at postnatal day 1, as well as adult-onset animals, show clear, measurable muscle wasting accompanied by severe histological defects including central myonuclei, reduced fiber cross-sectional area, increased percentage of oxidative myofibers, the presence of nuclear RNA foci that colocalize with Mbnl1 protein, and increased Celf1 protein in severely affected muscles. Importantly, muscle loss, histological abnormalities and RNA foci are reversible, demonstrating recovery upon removal of toxic RNA. RNA-seq and protein array analysis indicate that the balance between anabolic and catabolic pathways that normally regulate muscle mass may be disrupted by deregulation of platelet derived growth factor receptor β signaling and the PI3K/AKT pathways, along with prolonged activation of AMP-activated protein kinase α signaling. Similar changes were detected in DM1 skeletal muscle compared with unaffected controls. The mouse model presented in this paper shows progressive skeletal muscle wasting and has been used to identify potential molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle loss. The reversibility of the phenotype establishes a baseline response for testing therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginny R Morriss
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas A Cooper
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Nikonova E, Kao SY, Ravichandran K, Wittner A, Spletter ML. Conserved functions of RNA-binding proteins in muscle. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 110:29-49. [PMID: 30818081 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Animals require different types of muscle for survival, for example for circulation, motility, reproduction and digestion. Much emphasis in the muscle field has been placed on understanding how transcriptional regulation generates diverse types of muscle during development. Recent work indicates that alternative splicing and RNA regulation are as critical to muscle development, and altered function of RNA-binding proteins causes muscle disease. Although hundreds of genes predicted to bind RNA are expressed in muscles, many fewer have been functionally characterized. We present a cross-species view summarizing what is known about RNA-binding protein function in muscle, from worms and flies to zebrafish, mice and humans. In particular, we focus on alternative splicing regulated by the CELF, MBNL and RBFOX families of proteins. We discuss the systemic nature of diseases associated with loss of RNA-binding proteins in muscle, focusing on mis-regulation of CELF and MBNL in myotonic dystrophy. These examples illustrate the conservation of RNA-binding protein function and the marked utility of genetic model systems in understanding mechanisms of RNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nikonova
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Shao-Yen Kao
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Keshika Ravichandran
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Anja Wittner
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Maria L Spletter
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To construct a framework to understand the different molecular interventions for muscular dystrophy. RECENT FINDINGS The recent approval of antisense oligonucleotides treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy and current clinical trials using recombinant adeno-associated virus for the treatment of those diseases suggests that we are at a tipping point where we are able to treat and potentially cure muscular dystrophies. Understanding the basic molecular pathogenesis of muscular dystrophies and the molecular biology of the treatment allows for critical evaluation of the proposed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Y Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Box 356465, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195-6465, USA
| | - Leo H Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Box 356465, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195-6465, USA.
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22
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Sellier C, Cerro-Herreros E, Blatter M, Freyermuth F, Gaucherot A, Ruffenach F, Sarkar P, Puymirat J, Udd B, Day JW, Meola G, Bassez G, Fujimura H, Takahashi MP, Schoser B, Furling D, Artero R, Allain FHT, Llamusi B, Charlet-Berguerand N. rbFOX1/MBNL1 competition for CCUG RNA repeats binding contributes to myotonic dystrophy type 1/type 2 differences. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2009. [PMID: 29789616 PMCID: PMC5964235 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2 (DM1, DM2) are caused by expansions of CTG and CCTG repeats, respectively. RNAs containing expanded CUG or CCUG repeats interfere with the metabolism of other RNAs through titration of the Muscleblind-like (MBNL) RNA binding proteins. DM2 follows a more favorable clinical course than DM1, suggesting that specific modifiers may modulate DM severity. Here, we report that the rbFOX1 RNA binding protein binds to expanded CCUG RNA repeats, but not to expanded CUG RNA repeats. Interestingly, rbFOX1 competes with MBNL1 for binding to CCUG expanded repeats and overexpression of rbFOX1 partly releases MBNL1 from sequestration within CCUG RNA foci in DM2 muscle cells. Furthermore, expression of rbFOX1 corrects alternative splicing alterations and rescues muscle atrophy, climbing and flying defects caused by expression of expanded CCUG repeats in a Drosophila model of DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Sellier
- IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Estefanía Cerro-Herreros
- Translational Genomics Group, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine BIOTECMED, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Markus Blatter
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fernande Freyermuth
- IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Angeline Gaucherot
- IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Frank Ruffenach
- IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Partha Sarkar
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jack Puymirat
- Human Genetics Research Unit, Laval University, CHUQ, Ste-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University Hospital, 33521, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki University, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Vasa Central Hospital, 65130, Vaasa, Finland
| | - John W Day
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, San Francisco, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20097, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097, Milan, Italy
| | - Guillaume Bassez
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Association Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Harutoshi Fujimura
- Department of Neurology, Toneyama National Hospital, Toyonaka, 560-0045, Japan
| | - Masanori P Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Denis Furling
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Association Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Ruben Artero
- Translational Genomics Group, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine BIOTECMED, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Frédéric H T Allain
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatriz Llamusi
- Translational Genomics Group, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine BIOTECMED, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Nicolas Charlet-Berguerand
- IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France.
- UMR7104, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 67404, Illkirch, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404, Illkirch, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France.
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23
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López-Morató M, Brook JD, Wojciechowska M. Small Molecules Which Improve Pathogenesis of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Front Neurol 2018; 9:349. [PMID: 29867749 PMCID: PMC5968088 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common muscular dystrophy in adults for which there is currently no treatment. The pathogenesis of this autosomal dominant disorder is associated with the expansion of CTG repeats in the 3'-UTR of the DMPK gene. DMPK transcripts with expanded CUG repeats (CUGexpDMPK) are retained in the nucleus forming multiple discrete foci, and their presence triggers a cascade of toxic events. Thus far, most research emphasis has been on interactions of CUGexpDMPK with the muscleblind-like (MBNL) family of splicing factors. These proteins are sequestered by the expanded CUG repeats of DMPK RNA leading to their functional depletion. As a consequence, abnormalities in many pathways of RNA metabolism, including alternative splicing, are detected in DM1. To date, in vitro and in vivo efforts to develop therapeutic strategies for DM1 have mostly been focused on targeting CUGexpDMPK via reducing their expression and/or preventing interactions with MBNL1. Antisense oligonucleotides targeted to the CUG repeats in the DMPK transcripts are of particular interest due to their potential capacity to discriminate between mutant and normal transcripts. However, a growing number of reports describe alternative strategies using small molecule chemicals acting independently of a direct interaction with CUGexpDMPK. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about these chemicals and we describe the beneficial effects they caused in different DM1 experimental models. We also present potential mechanisms of action of these compounds and pathways they affect which could be considered for future therapeutic interventions in DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta López-Morató
- Queen’s Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - John David Brook
- Queen’s Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marzena Wojciechowska
- Queen’s Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Poznan, Poland
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24
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Wojciechowska M, Sobczak K, Kozlowski P, Sedehizadeh S, Wojtkowiak-Szlachcic A, Czubak K, Markus R, Lusakowska A, Kaminska A, Brook JD. Quantitative Methods to Monitor RNA Biomarkers in Myotonic Dystrophy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5885. [PMID: 29651162 PMCID: PMC5897446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) are human neuromuscular disorders associated with mutations of simple repetitive sequences in affected genes. The abnormal expansion of CTG repeats in the 3'-UTR of the DMPK gene elicits DM1, whereas elongated CCTG repeats in intron 1 of ZNF9/CNBP triggers DM2. Pathogenesis of both disorders is manifested by nuclear retention of expanded repeat-containing RNAs and aberrant alternative splicing. The precise determination of absolute numbers of mutant RNA molecules is important for a better understanding of disease complexity and for accurate evaluation of the efficacy of therapeutic drugs. We present two quantitative methods, Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification and droplet digital PCR, for studying the mutant DMPK transcript (DMPKexpRNA) and the aberrant alternative splicing in DM1 and DM2 human tissues and cells. We demonstrate that in DM1, the DMPKexpRNA is detected in higher copy number than its normal counterpart. Moreover, the absolute number of the mutant transcript indicates its low abundance with only a few copies per cell in DM1 fibroblasts. Most importantly, in conjunction with fluorescence in-situ hybridization experiments, our results suggest that in DM1 fibroblasts, the vast majority of nuclear RNA foci consist of a few molecules of DMPKexpRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Wojciechowska
- University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom. .,Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics, Poznan, 61-704, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Sobczak
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Gene Expression, Poznan, 60-614, Poland
| | - Piotr Kozlowski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics, Poznan, 61-704, Poland
| | - Saam Sedehizadeh
- University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Wojtkowiak-Szlachcic
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Gene Expression, Poznan, 60-614, Poland
| | - Karol Czubak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics, Poznan, 61-704, Poland
| | - Robert Markus
- University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Lusakowska
- Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Neurology, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
| | - Anna Kaminska
- Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Neurology, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
| | - J David Brook
- University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
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25
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Raz V, Riaz M, Tatum Z, Kielbasa SM, 't Hoen PAC. The distinct transcriptomes of slow and fast adult muscles are delineated by noncoding RNAs. FASEB J 2018; 32:1579-1590. [PMID: 29141996 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700861r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Adult muscles have a vast adaptation capacity, enabling function switches in response to altered conditions. During intensive physical activity, disease, or aging, adult skeletal muscles change and adjust their functions. The competence to adjust varies among muscles. Muscle-specific molecular mechanisms in healthy and normal conditions could designate changes in physiologic and pathologic conditions. We generated deep mRNA-sequencing data in adult fast and slow mouse muscles, and applying paired analysis, we identified that the muscle-specific signatures are composed of half of the muscle transcriptome. The fast muscles showed a more compact gene network that is concordant with homogenous myofiber typing, compared with the pattern in the slow muscle. The muscle-specific mRNA landscape did not correlate with alternative spicing, alternative polyadenylation, or the expression of muscle transcription factor gene networks. However, we found significant correlation between the differentially expressed noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their target genes. More than 25% of the genes expressed in a muscle-specific fashion were found to be targets of muscle-specific miRNAs and lncRNAs. We suggest that muscle-specific miRNAs and lncRNAs contribute to the establishment of muscle-specific transcriptomes in adult muscles.-Raz, V., Riaz, M., Tatum, Z., Kielbasa, S. M., 't Hoen, P. A. C. The distinct transcriptomes of slow and fast adult muscles are delineated by noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Raz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zuotian Tatum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Szymon M Kielbasa
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Center of Expertise, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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26
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Nakamori M, Hamanaka K, Thomas JD, Wang ET, Hayashi YK, Takahashi MP, Swanson MS, Nishino I, Mochizuki H. Aberrant Myokine Signaling in Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy. Cell Rep 2017; 21:1240-1252. [PMID: 29091763 PMCID: PMC5689469 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy types 1 (DM1) and 2 (DM2) are dominantly inherited neuromuscular disorders caused by a toxic gain of function of expanded CUG and CCUG repeats, respectively. Although both disorders are clinically similar, congenital myotonic dystrophy (CDM), a severe DM form, is found only in DM1. CDM is also characterized by muscle fiber immaturity not observed in adult DM, suggesting specific pathological mechanisms. Here, we revealed upregulation of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) myokine signaling pathway in CDM muscles. We also found a correlation between muscle immaturity and not only IL-6 expression but also expanded CTG repeat length and CpG methylation status upstream of the repeats. Aberrant CpG methylation was associated with transcriptional dysregulation at the repeat locus, increasing the toxic RNA burden that upregulates IL-6. Because the IL-6 pathway is involved in myocyte maturation and muscle atrophy, our results indicate that enhanced RNA toxicity contributes to severe CDM phenotypes through aberrant IL-6 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nakamori
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kohei Hamanaka
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - James D Thomas
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for NeuroGenetics and the Genetics Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Eric T Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for NeuroGenetics and the Genetics Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yukiko K Hayashi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0022, Japan
| | - Masanori P Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Maurice S Swanson
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for NeuroGenetics and the Genetics Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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27
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Yenigun VB, Sirito M, Amcheslavky A, Czernuszewicz T, Colonques-Bellmunt J, García-Alcover I, Wojciechowska M, Bolduc C, Chen Z, López Castel A, Krahe R, Bergmann A. (CCUG) n RNA toxicity in a Drosophila model of myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) activates apoptosis. Dis Model Mech 2017. [PMID: 28623239 PMCID: PMC5560059 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.026179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The myotonic dystrophies are prototypic toxic RNA gain-of-function diseases. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) are caused by different unstable, noncoding microsatellite repeat expansions – (CTG)DM1 in DMPK and (CCTG)DM2 in CNBP. Although transcription of mutant repeats into (CUG)DM1 or (CCUG)DM2 appears to be necessary and sufficient to cause disease, their pathomechanisms remain incompletely understood. To study the mechanisms of (CCUG)DM2 toxicity and develop a convenient model for drug screening, we generated a transgenic DM2 model in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster with (CCUG)n repeats of variable length (n=16 and 106). Expression of noncoding (CCUG)106, but not (CCUG)16, in muscle and retinal cells led to the formation of ribonuclear foci and mis-splicing of genes implicated in DM pathology. Mis-splicing could be rescued by co-expression of human MBNL1, but not by CUGBP1 (CELF1) complementation. Flies with (CCUG)106 displayed strong disruption of external eye morphology and of the underlying retina. Furthermore, expression of (CCUG)106 in developing retinae caused a strong apoptotic response. Inhibition of apoptosis rescued the retinal disruption in (CCUG)106 flies. Finally, we tested two chemical compounds that have shown therapeutic potential in DM1 models. Whereas treatment of (CCUG)106 flies with pentamidine had no effect, treatment with a PKR inhibitor blocked both the formation of RNA foci and apoptosis in retinae of (CCUG)106 flies. Our data indicate that expression of expanded (CCUG)DM2 repeats is toxic, causing inappropriate cell death in affected fly eyes. Our Drosophila DM2 model might provide a convenient tool for in vivo drug screening. Summary: A Drosophila model of myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) recapitulates several features of the human disease, identifies apoptosis as a contributing factor to DM2, and is likely to provide a convenient tool for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vildan Betul Yenigun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Departments of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate Programs in Genes & Development, University of Texas Graduate School in Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mario Sirito
- Departments of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alla Amcheslavky
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Tomek Czernuszewicz
- Departments of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Marzena Wojciechowska
- Departments of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clare Bolduc
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ralf Krahe
- Departments of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA .,Graduate Programs in Genes & Development, University of Texas Graduate School in Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate Programs in Human & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Graduate School in Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andreas Bergmann
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA .,Graduate Programs in Genes & Development, University of Texas Graduate School in Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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28
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Portaro S, Russo M, Naro A, Bramanti A, Bramanti P, Rodolico C, Calabrò RS. Advances in assessing myotonia: Can sensor-engineered glove have a role? J Neurol Sci 2017; 375:3-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Ramazzotti G, Faenza I, Fiume R, Billi AM, Manzoli L, Mongiorgi S, Ratti S, McCubrey JA, Suh PG, Cocco L, Follo MY. PLC-β1 and cell differentiation: An insight into myogenesis and osteogenesis. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 63:1-5. [PMID: 27776973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-phospholipase C-β1 (PLC-β1) plays a crucial role in the initiation of the genetic program responsible for muscle differentiation and osteogenesis. During myogenic differentiation of murine C2C12 myoblasts, PLC-β1 signaling pathway involves the Inositol Polyphosphate Multikinase (IPMK) and β-catenin as downstream effectors. By means of c-jun binding to cyclin D3 promoter, the activation of PLC-β1 pathway determines cyclin D3 accumulation. However, osteogenesis requires PLC-β1 expression and up-regulation but it does not affect cyclin D3 levels, suggesting that the two processes require the activation of different mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Irene Faenza
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Billi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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30
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Rypniewski W, Banaszak K, Kuliński T, Kiliszek A. Watson-Crick-like pairs in CCUG repeats: evidence for tautomeric shifts or protonation. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 22:22-31. [PMID: 26543073 PMCID: PMC4691832 DOI: 10.1261/rna.052399.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
RNA transcripts that include expanded CCUG repeats are associated with myotonic dystrophy type 2. Crystal structures of two CCUG-containing oligomers show that the RNA strands associate into slipped duplexes that contain noncanonical C-U pairs that have apparently undergone tautomeric transition or protonation resulting in an unusual Watson-Crick-like pairing. The overhanging ends of the duplexes interact forming U-U pairs, which also show tautomerism. Duplexes consisting of CCUG repeats are thermodynamically less stable than the trinucleotide repeats involved in the TRED genetic disorders, but introducing LNA residues increases their stability and raises the melting temperature of the studied oligomers by ∼10°C, allowing detailed crystallographic studies. Quantum mechanical calculations were performed to test the possibility of the tautomeric transitions or protonation within the noncanonical pairs. The results indicate that tautomeric or ionic shifts of nucleobases can manifest themselves in biological systems, supplementing the canonical "rules of engagement."
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Rypniewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Banaszak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Kuliński
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kiliszek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
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31
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Kulikova T, Chervyakova D, Zlotina A, Krasikova A, Gaginskaya E. Giant poly(A)-rich RNP aggregates form at terminal regions of avian lampbrush chromosomes. Chromosoma 2015; 125:709-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00412-015-0563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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32
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Ho G, Cardamone M, Farrar M. Congenital and childhood myotonic dystrophy: Current aspects of disease and future directions. World J Clin Pediatr 2015; 4:66-80. [PMID: 26566479 PMCID: PMC4637811 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v4.i4.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is multisystem disease arising from mutant CTG expansion in the non-translating region of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase gene. While DM1 is the most common adult muscular dystrophy, with a worldwide prevalence of one in eight thousand, age of onset varies from before birth to adulthood. There is a broad spectrum of clinical severity, ranging from mild to severe, which correlates with number of DNA repeats. Importantly, the early clinical manifestations and management in congenital and childhood DM1 differ from classic adult DM1. In neonates and children, DM1 predominantly affects muscle strength, cognition, respiratory, central nervous and gastrointestinal systems. Sleep disorders are often under recognised yet a significant morbidity. No effective disease modifying treatment is currently available and neonates and children with DM1 may experience severe physical and intellectual disability, which may be life limiting in the most severe forms. Management is currently supportive, incorporating regular surveillance and treatment of manifestations. Novel therapies, which target the gene and the pathogenic mechanism of abnormal splicing are emerging. Genetic counselling is critical in this autosomal dominant genetic disease with variable penetrance and potential maternal anticipation, as is assisting with family planning and undertaking cascade testing to instigate health surveillance in affected family members. This review incorporates discussion of the clinical manifestations and management of congenital and childhood DM1, with a particular focus on hypersomnolence and sleep disorders. In addition, the molecular genetics, mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and development of novel treatment strategies in DM1 will be summarised.
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33
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Coram RJ, Stillwagon SJ, Guggilam A, Jenkins MW, Swanson MS, Ladd AN. Muscleblind-like 1 is required for normal heart valve development in vivo. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 15:36. [PMID: 26472242 PMCID: PMC4608261 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-015-0087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Development of the valves and septa of the heart depends on the formation and remodeling of the endocardial cushions in the atrioventricular canal and outflow tract. These cushions are populated by mesenchyme produced from the endocardium by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The endocardial cushions are remodeled into the valves at post-EMT stages via differentiation of the mesenchyme and changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling has been implicated in both the induction of EMT in the endocardial cushions and the remodeling of the valves at post-EMT stages. We previously identified the RNA binding protein muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1) as a negative regulator of TGFβ signaling and EMT in chicken endocardial cushions ex vivo. Here, we investigate the role of MBNL1 in endocardial cushion development and valvulogenesis in Mbnl1∆E3/∆E3 mice, which are null for MBNL1 protein. Methods Collagen gel invasion assays, histology, immunohistochemistry, real-time RT-PCR, optical coherence tomography, and echocardiography were used to evaluate EMT and TGFβ signaling in the endocardial cushions, and morphogenesis, ECM composition, and function of the heart valves. Results As in chicken, the loss of MBNL1 promotes precocious TGFβ signaling and EMT in the endocardial cushions. Surprisingly, this does not lead to the production of excess mesenchyme, but later valve morphogenesis is aberrant. Adult Mbnl1∆E3/∆E3 mice exhibit valve dysmorphia with elevated TGFβ signaling, changes in ECM composition, and increased pigmentation. This is accompanied by a high incidence of regurgitation across both inflow and outflow valves. Mbnl1∆E3/∆E3 mice also have a high incidence of ostium secundum septal defects accompanied by atrial communication, but do not develop overt cardiomyopathy. Conclusions Together, these data indicate that MBNL1 plays a conserved role in negatively regulating TGFβ signaling, and is required for normal valve morphogenesis and homeostasis in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12861-015-0087-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Coram
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave. NC10, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Present Address: Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
| | - Samantha J Stillwagon
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave. NC10, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Present Address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Anuradha Guggilam
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave. NC10, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Michael W Jenkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Maurice S Swanson
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, Center for NeuroGenetics and the Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Andrea N Ladd
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave. NC10, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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34
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Urbanek MO, Galka-Marciniak P, Olejniczak M, Krzyzosiak WJ. RNA imaging in living cells - methods and applications. RNA Biol 2015; 11:1083-95. [PMID: 25483044 PMCID: PMC4615301 DOI: 10.4161/rna.35506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous types of transcripts perform multiple functions in cells, and these functions are mainly facilitated by the interactions of the RNA with various proteins and other RNAs. Insight into the dynamics of RNA biosynthesis, processing and cellular activities is highly desirable because this knowledge will deepen our understanding of cell physiology and help explain the mechanisms of RNA-mediated pathologies. In this review, we discuss the live RNA imaging systems that have been developed to date. We highlight information on the design of these systems, briefly discuss their advantages and limitations and provide examples of their numerous applications in various organisms and cell types. We present a detailed examination of one application of RNA imaging systems: this application aims to explain the role of mutant transcripts in human disease pathogenesis caused by triplet repeat expansions. Thus, this review introduces live RNA imaging systems and provides a glimpse into their various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna O Urbanek
- a Department of Molecular Biomedicine; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences ; Poznan , Poland
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35
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Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating degenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons in the motor cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. Although defined as a motor disorder, ALS can arise concurrently with frontotemporal lobal dementia (FTLD). ALS begins focally but disseminates to cause paralysis and death. About 10% of ALS cases are caused by gene mutations, and more than 40 ALS-associated genes have been identified. While important questions about the biology of this disease remain unanswered, investigations of ALS genes have delineated pathogenic roles for (a) perturbations in protein stability and degradation, (b) altered homeostasis of critical RNA- and DNA-binding proteins, (c) impaired cytoskeleton function, and (d) non-neuronal cells as modifiers of the ALS phenotype. The rapidity of progress in ALS genetics and the subsequent acquisition of insights into the molecular biology of these genes provide grounds for optimism that meaningful therapies for ALS are attainable.
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36
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Pettersson OJ, Aagaard L, Jensen TG, Damgaard CK. Molecular mechanisms in DM1 - a focus on foci. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:2433-41. [PMID: 25605794 PMCID: PMC4344492 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is caused by abnormal expansion of a CTG-trinucleotide repeat in the gene encoding Dystrophia Myotonica Protein Kinase (DMPK), which in turn leads to global deregulation of gene expression in affected individuals. The transcribed mRNA contains a massive CUG-expansion in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) facilitating nucleation of several regulatory RNA-binding proteins, which are thus unable to perform their normal cellular function. These CUG-expanded mRNA-protein aggregates form distinct, primarily nuclear foci. In differentiated muscle cells, most of the CUG-expanded RNA remains in the nuclear compartment, while in dividing cells such as fibroblasts a considerable fraction of the mutant RNA reaches the cytoplasm, consistent with findings that both nuclear and cytoplasmic events are mis-regulated in DM1. Recent evidence suggests that the nuclear aggregates, or ribonuclear foci, are more dynamic than previously anticipated and regulated by several proteins, including RNA helicases. In this review, we focus on the homeostasis of DMPK mRNA foci and discuss how their dynamic regulation may affect disease-causing mechanisms in DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Joakim Pettersson
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, Building 1240, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lars Aagaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, Building 1240, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Gryesten Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, Building 1240, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian Kroun Damgaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, Building 1130, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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37
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Dynamic changes of nuclear RNA foci in proliferating DM1 cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 143:557-64. [PMID: 25715678 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear RNA foci are molecular hallmarks of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). However, no designated study has investigated their formation and changes in proliferating cells. Proliferating cells, as stem cells, consist of an important cellular pool in the human body. The revelation of foci changes in these cells might shed light on the effects of the mutation on these specific cells and tissues. In this study, we used human DM1 iPS-cell-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) as cellular models to investigate the formation and dynamic changes of RNA foci in proliferating cells. Human DM1 NSCs derived from human DM1 iPS cells were cultured under proliferation conditions and nonproliferation conditions following mitomycin C treatment. The dynamic changes of foci during the cell cycle were investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. We found RNA foci formed and dissociated during the cell cycle. Nuclear RNA foci were most prominent in number and size just prior to entering mitosis (early prophase). During mitosis, most foci disappeared. After entering interphase, RNA foci accumulated again in the nuclei. After stopping cell dividing by treatment of mitomycin C, the number of nuclear RNA foci increased significantly. In summary, DM1 NSC nuclear RNA foci undergo dynamic changes during cell cycle, and mitosis is a mechanism to decrease foci load in the nuclei, which may explain why dividing cells are less affected by the mutation. The dynamic changes need to be considered when using foci as a marker to monitor the effects of therapeutic drugs.
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38
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Du J, Aleff RA, Soragni E, Kalari K, Nie J, Tang X, Davila J, Kocher JP, Patel SV, Gottesfeld JM, Baratz KH, Wieben ED. RNA toxicity and missplicing in the common eye disease fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5979-90. [PMID: 25593321 PMCID: PMC4358235 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.621607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is an inherited degenerative disease that affects the internal endothelial cell monolayer of the cornea and can result in corneal edema and vision loss in severe cases. FECD affects ∼5% of middle-aged Caucasians in the United States and accounts for >14,000 corneal transplantations annually. Among the several genes and loci associated with FECD, the strongest association is with an intronic (CTG·CAG)n trinucleotide repeat expansion in the TCF4 gene, which is found in the majority of affected patients. Corneal endothelial cells from FECD patients harbor a poly(CUG)n RNA that can be visualized as RNA foci containing this condensed RNA and associated proteins. Similar to myotonic dystrophy type 1, the poly(CUG)n RNA co-localizes with and sequesters the mRNA-splicing factor MBNL1, leading to missplicing of essential MBNL1-regulated mRNAs. Such foci and missplicing are not observed in similar cells from FECD patients who lack the repeat expansion. RNA-Seq splicing data from the corneal endothelia of FECD patients and controls reveal hundreds of differential alternative splicing events. These include events previously characterized in the context of myotonic dystrophy type 1 and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, as well as splicing changes in genes related to proposed mechanisms of FECD pathogenesis. We report the first instance of RNA toxicity and missplicing in a common non-neurological/neuromuscular disease associated with a repeat expansion. The FECD patient population with this (CTG·CAG)n trinucleotide repeat expansion exceeds that of the combined number of patients in all other microsatellite expansion disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintang Du
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 and
| | - Ross A Aleff
- the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Elisabetta Soragni
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joel M Gottesfeld
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 and
| | | | - Eric D Wieben
- the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
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Yu Z, Goodman LD, Shieh SY, Min M, Teng X, Zhu Y, Bonini NM. A fly model for the CCUG-repeat expansion of myotonic dystrophy type 2 reveals a novel interaction with MBNL1. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:954-62. [PMID: 25305073 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Expanded non-coding RNA repeats of CUG and CCUG are the underlying genetic causes for myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2), respectively. A gain-of-function of these pathogenic repeat expansions is mediated at least in part by their abnormal interactions with RNA-binding proteins such as MBNL1 and resultant loss of activity of these proteins. To study pathogenic mechanisms of CCUG-repeat expansions in an animal model, we created a fly model of DM2 that expresses pure, uninterrupted CCUG-repeat expansions ranging from 16 to 720 repeats in length. We show that this fly model for DM2 recapitulates key features of human DM2 including RNA repeat-induced toxicity, ribonuclear foci formation and changes in alternative splicing. Interestingly, expression of two isoforms of MBNL1, MBNL135 and MBNL140, leads to cleavage and concurrent upregulation of the levels of the RNA-repeat transcripts, with MBNL140 having more significant effects than MBNL135. This property is shared with a fly CUG-repeat expansion model. Our results suggest a novel mechanism for interaction between the pathogenic RNA repeat expansions of myotonic dystrophy and MBNL1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsey D Goodman
- Neurosciences Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Nancy M Bonini
- Department of Biology and Neurosciences Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Rzuczek SG, Park H, Disney MD. A Toxic RNA Catalyzes the In Cellulo Synthesis of Its Own Inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:10956-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Rzuczek SG, Park H, Disney MD. A Toxic RNA Catalyzes the In Cellulo Synthesis of Its Own Inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy (dystrophia myotonica, DM) is one of the most common lethal monogenic disorders in populations of European descent. DM type 1 was first described over a century ago. More recently, a second form of the disease, DM type 2 was recognized, which results from repeat expansion in a different gene. Both disorders have autosomal dominant inheritance and multisystem features, including myotonic myopathy, cataract, and cardiac conduction disease. This article reviews the clinical presentation and pathophysiology of DM and discusses current management and future potential for developing targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Thornton
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neural Development and Disease, Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 645, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Malatesta M, Cardani R, Pellicciari C, Meola G. RNA Transcription and Maturation in Skeletal Muscle Cells are Similarly Impaired in Myotonic Dystrophy and Sarcopenia: The Ultrastructural Evidence. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:196. [PMID: 25126079 PMCID: PMC4115624 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Malatesta
- Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato , Milan , Italy
| | - Carlo Pellicciari
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato , Milan , Italy ; Department of Neurology, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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Cardani R, Giagnacovo M, Rossi G, Renna LV, Bugiardini E, Pizzamiglio C, Botta A, Meola G. Progression of muscle histopathology but not of spliceopathy in myotonic dystrophy type 2. Neuromuscul Disord 2014; 24:1042-53. [PMID: 25139674 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.06.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is an autosomal dominant progressive disease involving skeletal and cardiac muscle and brain. It is caused by a tetranucleotide repeat within the first intron of the CNBP gene that leads to an alteration of the alternative splicing of several genes. To understand the molecular mechanisms that play a role in DM2 progression, the evolution of skeletal muscle histopathology and biomolecular findings in successive biopsies have been studied. Biceps brachii biopsies from 5 DM2 patients who underwent two successive biopsies at different years of age have been used. Muscle histopathology has been assessed on sections immunostained with fast or slow myosin. FISH in combination with MBNL1-immunofluorescence has been performed to evaluate ribonuclear inclusion and MBNL1 foci dimensions in myonuclei. Gene and protein expression and alteration of alternative splicing of several genes have been evaluated over time. All DM2 patients examined show a worsening of muscle histopathology and an increase of foci dimensions over time. The progressive worsening of myotonia in DM2 patients may be due to the decrease of CLCN1 mRNA observed in all patients examined. However, a worsening of alternative splicing alterations has not been evidenced over time. The data obtained in this study confirm that DM2 is a slow progression disease since histological and biomolecular alterations observed in skeletal muscle are minimal even after 10-year interval. The data indicate that muscle morphological alterations evolve more rapidly over time than the molecular changes thus indicating that muscle biopsy is a more sensitive tool than biomolecular markers to assess disease progression at muscle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Cardani
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Giagnacovo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Rossi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura V Renna
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Bugiardini
- Department of Neurology, University of Milan, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pizzamiglio
- Department of Neurology, University of Milan, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Botta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology, University of Milan, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.
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Meola G, Cardani R. Myotonic dystrophies: An update on clinical aspects, genetic, pathology, and molecular pathomechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:594-606. [PMID: 24882752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is the most common adult muscular dystrophy, characterized by autosomal dominant progressive myopathy, myotonia and multiorgan involvement. To date two distinct forms caused by similar mutations have been identified. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1, Steinert's disease) is caused by a (CTG)n expansion in DMPK, while myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is caused by a (CCTG)n expansion in ZNF9/CNBP. When transcribed into CUG/CCUG-containing RNA, mutant transcripts aggregate as nuclear foci that sequester RNA-binding proteins, resulting in spliceopathy of downstream effector genes. However, it is now clear that additional pathogenic mechanism like changes in gene expression, protein translation and micro-RNA metabolism may also contribute to disease pathology. Despite clinical and genetic similarities, DM1 and DM2 are distinct disorders requiring different diagnostic and management strategies. This review is an update on the recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind myotonic dystrophies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuromuscular Diseases: Pathology and Molecular Pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Meola
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
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Wojciechowska M, Taylor K, Sobczak K, Napierala M, Krzyzosiak WJ. Small molecule kinase inhibitors alleviate different molecular features of myotonic dystrophy type 1. RNA Biol 2014; 11:742-54. [PMID: 24824895 PMCID: PMC4156505 DOI: 10.4161/rna.28799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Expandable (CTG)n repeats in the 3′ UTR of the DMPK gene are a cause of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), which leads to a toxic RNA gain-of-function disease. Mutant RNAs with expanded CUG repeats are retained in the nucleus and aggregate in discrete inclusions. These foci sequester splicing factors of the MBNL family and trigger upregulation of the CUGBP family of proteins resulting in the mis-splicing of their target transcripts. To date, many efforts to develop novel therapeutic strategies have been focused on disrupting the toxic nuclear foci and correcting aberrant alternative splicing via targeting mutant CUG repeats RNA; however, no effective treatment for DM1 is currently available. Herein, we present results of culturing of human DM1 myoblasts and fibroblasts with two small-molecule ATP-binding site-specific kinase inhibitors, C16 and C51, which resulted in the alleviation of the dominant-negative effects of CUG repeat expansion. Reversal of the DM1 molecular phenotype includes a reduction of the size and number of foci containing expanded CUG repeat transcripts, decreased steady-state levels of CUGBP1 protein, and consequent improvement of the aberrant alternative splicing of several pre-mRNAs misregulated in DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Wojciechowska
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Noskowskiego; Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Taylor
- Department of Gene Expression; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89; Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sobczak
- Department of Gene Expression; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89; Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Napierala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and UAB Stem Cell Institute; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Wlodzimierz J Krzyzosiak
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Noskowskiego; Poznan, Poland
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47
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Cardani R, Bugiardini E, Renna LV, Rossi G, Colombo G, Valaperta R, Novelli G, Botta A, Meola G. Overexpression of CUGBP1 in skeletal muscle from adult classic myotonic dystrophy type 1 but not from myotonic dystrophy type 2. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83777. [PMID: 24376746 PMCID: PMC3869793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) are progressive multisystemic disorders caused by similar mutations at two different genetic loci. The common key feature of DM pathogenesis is nuclear accumulation of mutant RNA which causes aberrant alternative splicing of specific pre-mRNAs by altering the functions of two RNA binding proteins, MBNL1 and CUGBP1. However, DM1 and DM2 show disease-specific features that make them clearly separate diseases suggesting that other cellular and molecular pathways may be involved. In this study we have analysed the histopathological, and biomolecular features of skeletal muscle biopsies from DM1 and DM2 patients in relation to presenting phenotypes to better define the molecular pathogenesis. Particularly, the expression of CUGBP1 protein has been examined to clarify if this factor may act as modifier of disease-specific manifestations in DM. The results indicate that the splicing and muscle pathological alterations observed are related to the clinical phenotype both in DM1 and in DM2 and that CUGBP1 seems to play a role in classic DM1 but not in DM2. In conclusion, our results indicate that multisystemic disease spectrum of DM pathologies may not be explained only by spliceopathy thus confirming that the molecular pathomechanism of DM is more complex than that actually suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Cardani
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Bugiardini
- Department of Neurology, University of Milan, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura V. Renna
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Rossi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rea Valaperta
- Research Laboratories - Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Botta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Milan, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Reexpression of pyruvate kinase M2 in type 1 myofibers correlates with altered glucose metabolism in myotonic dystrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:13570-5. [PMID: 23901116 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1308806110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by expansion of CTG repeats in the 3' UTR of the DMPK gene. Expression of CUG expansion (CUG(exp)) RNA produces a toxic gain of function by disrupting the functions of RNA splicing factors, such as MBNL1 and CELF1, leading to splicing changes associated with clinical abnormalities. Progressive skeletal muscle weakness and wasting is one of the most prominent clinical features in DM1; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that the embryonic M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2), a key enzyme contributing to the Warburg effect in cancer, is significantly induced in DM1 tissue and mouse models owing to aberrant splicing. Expression of PKM2 in DM1 skeletal muscle is restricted to the type 1 fibers, which are particularly susceptible to wasting in DM1. Using antisense oligonucleotides to shift PKM splicing toward increased PKM2 expression, we observed increased glucose consumption with reduced oxidative metabolism in cell culture and increased respiratory exchange ratio in mice, suggesting defects in energy metabolism conferred by PKM2 expression. We propose that PKM2 expression induces changes in type 1 fibers associated with muscle atrophy and muscle weakness in DM1.
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49
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Rahimov F, Kunkel LM. The cell biology of disease: cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying muscular dystrophy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 201:499-510. [PMID: 23671309 PMCID: PMC3653356 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201212142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The muscular dystrophies are a group of heterogeneous genetic diseases characterized by progressive degeneration and weakness of skeletal muscle. Since the discovery of the first muscular dystrophy gene encoding dystrophin, a large number of genes have been identified that are involved in various muscle-wasting and neuromuscular disorders. Human genetic studies complemented by animal model systems have substantially contributed to our understanding of the molecular pathomechanisms underlying muscle degeneration. Moreover, these studies have revealed distinct molecular and cellular mechanisms that link genetic mutations to diverse muscle wasting phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedik Rahimov
- Program in Genomics, Division of Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, and 2 Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Santoro M, Masciullo M, Bonvissuto D, Bianchi MLE, Michetti F, Silvestri G. Alternative splicing of human insulin receptor gene (INSR) in type I and type II skeletal muscle fibers of patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 380:259-65. [PMID: 23666741 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INSR, one of those genes aberrantly expressed in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) due to a toxic RNA effect, encodes for the insulin receptor (IR). Its expression is regulated by alternative splicing generating two isoforms: IR-A, which predominates in embryonic tissue, and IR-B, which is highly expressed in adult, insulin-responsive tissues (skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue). The aberrant INSR expression detected in DM1 and DM2 muscles tissues, characterized by a relative increase of IR-A versus IR-B, was pathogenically related to the insulin resistance occurring in DM patients. To assess if differences in the aberrant splicing of INSR could underlie the distinct fiber type involvement observed in DM1 and DM2 muscle tissues, we have used laser capture microdissection (LCM) and RT-PCR, comparing the alternative splicing of INSR in type I and type II muscle fibers isolated from muscle biopsies of DM1, DM2 patients and controls. In the controls, the relative amounts of IR-A and IR-B showed no obvious differences between type I and type II fibers, as in the whole muscle tissue. In DM1 and DM2 patients, both fiber types showed a similar, relative increase of IR-A versus IR-B, as also evident in the whole muscle tissue. Our data suggest that the distinct fiber type involvement in DM1 and DM2 muscle tissues would not be related to qualitative differences in the expression of INSR. LCM can represent a powerful tool to give a better understanding of the pathogenesis of myotonic dystrophies, as well as other myopathies.
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