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van Prooije TH, Kapteijns KCJ, van Asten JJA, IntHout J, Verbeek MM, Scheenen TWJ, van de Warrenburg BP. Multimodal, Longitudinal Profiling of SCA1 Identifies Predictors of Disease Severity and Progression. Ann Neurol 2024. [PMID: 39096063 DOI: 10.1002/ana.27032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. Objective surrogate markers sensitive to detect changes in disease severity are needed to reduce sample sizes in interventional trials and identification of predictors of faster disease progression would facilitate patient selection, enrichment, or stratification in such trials. METHODS We performed a prospective 1-year longitudinal, multimodal study in 34 ataxic SCA1 individuals and 21 healthy controls. We collected clinical, patient-reported outcomes, biochemical and magnetic resonance (MR) biomarkers at baseline and after 1 year. We determined 1-year progression and evaluated the potential predictive value of several baseline markers on 1-year disease progression. RESULTS At baseline, multiple structural and spectroscopic MR markers in pons and cerebellum differentiated SCA1 from healthy controls and correlated with disease severity. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light (NfL) chain and CSF glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were elevated in SCA1. In longitudinal analysis, total brainstem and pontine volume change, inventory of non-ataxia signs (INAS) count, and SCA functional index (SCAFI) showed larger responsiveness compared to the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Longer disease duration, longer non-expanded CAG repeat length, and higher disease burden were associated with faster SARA increase after 1-year in the SCA1 group. Similarly, lower baseline brainstem, pontine, and cerebellar volumes, as well as lower levels of N-acetylaspartate and glutamate in the cerebellar white matter, were also associated with faster SARA increase. INTERPRETATION Our results guide the selection of the most sensitive measures of disease progression in SCA1 and have identified features associated with accelerated progression that could inform the design of clinical trials. ANN NEUROL 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teije H van Prooije
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten C J Kapteijns
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jack J A van Asten
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joanna IntHout
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tom W J Scheenen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bart P van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Moura J, Oliveira J, Santos M, Costa S, Silva L, Lemos C, Barros J, Sequeiros J, Damásio J. Spinocerebellar Ataxias: Phenotypic Spectrum of PolyQ versus Non-Repeat Expansion Forms. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01723-9. [PMID: 39048885 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are most frequently due to (CAG)n (coding for polyglutamine, polyQ) expansions and, less so, to expansion of other oligonucleotide repeats (non-polyQ) or other type of variants (non-repeat expansion SCA). In this study we compared polyQ and non-repeat expansion SCA, in a cohort of patients with hereditary ataxia followed at a tertiary hospital. From a prospective study, 88 patients (51 families) with SCA were selected, 74 (40 families) of whom genetically diagnosed. Thirty-eight patients (51.4%, 19 families) were confirmed as having a polyQ (no other repeat-expansions were identified) and 36 (48.6%, 21 families) a non-repeat expansion SCA. Median age-at-onset was 39.5 [30.0-45.5] for polyQ and 7.0 years [1.00-21.50] for non-repeat expansion SCA. PolyQ SCA were associated with cerebellar onset, and non-repeat expansion forms with non-cerebellar onset. Time to diagnosis was longer for non-repeat expansion SCA. The most common polyQ SCA were Machado-Joseph disease (MJD/SCA3) (73.7%) and SCA2 (15.8%); whereas in non-repeat expansion SCA ATX-CACNA1A (14.3%), ATP1A3-related ataxia, ATX-ITPR1, ATX/HSP-KCNA2, and ATX-PRKCG (9.5% each) predominated. Disease duration (up to inclusion) was significantly higher in non-repeat expansion SCA, but the difference in SARA score was not statistically significant. Cerebellar peduncles and pons atrophy were more common in polyQ ataxias, as was axonal neuropathy. SCA had a wide range of genetic etiology, age-at-onset and presentation. Proportion of polyQ and non-repeat expansion SCA was similar; the latter had a higher genetic heterogeneity. While polyQ ataxias were typically linked to cerebellar onset in adulthood, non-repeat expansion forms associated with early onset and non-cerebellar presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Moura
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, ULS de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Oliveira
- Centro de Genética Preditiva e Preventiva (CGPP), IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Santos
- IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Costa
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, ULS de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lénia Silva
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, ULS de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Lemos
- IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Barros
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, ULS de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Sequeiros
- Centro de Genética Preditiva e Preventiva (CGPP), IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Damásio
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, ULS de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.
- Centro de Genética Preditiva e Preventiva (CGPP), IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- ICBAS School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Shah VV, Muzyka D, Jagodinsky A, McNames J, Casey H, El-Gohary M, Sowalsky K, Safarpour D, Carlson-Kuhta P, Schmahmann JD, Rosenthal LS, Perlman S, Horak FB, Gomez CM. Digital Measures of Postural Sway Quantify Balance Deficits in Spinocerebellar Ataxia. Mov Disord 2024; 39:663-673. [PMID: 38357985 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining balance is crucial for independence and quality of life. Loss of balance is a hallmark of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify which standing balance conditions and digital measures of body sway were most discriminative, reliable, and valid for quantifying balance in SCA. METHODS Fifty-three people with SCA (13 SCA1, 13 SCA2, 14 SCA3, and 13 SCA6) and Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) scores 9.28 ± 4.36 and 31 healthy controls were recruited. Subjects stood in six test conditions (natural stance, feet together and tandem, each with eyes open [EO] and eyes closed [EC]) with an inertial sensor on their lower back for 30 seconds (×2). We compared test completion rate, test-retest reliability, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for seven digital sway measures. Pearson's correlations related sway with the SARA and the Patient-Reported Outcome Measure of Ataxia (PROM ataxia). RESULTS Most individuals with SCA (85%-100%) could stand for 30 seconds with natural stance EO or EC, and with feet together EO. The most discriminative digital sway measures (path length, range, area, and root mean square) from the two most reliable and discriminative conditions (natural stance EC and feet together EO) showed intraclass correlation coefficients from 0.70 to 0.91 and AUCs from 0.83 to 0.93. Correlations of sway with SARA were significant (maximum r = 0.65 and 0.73). Correlations with PROM ataxia were mild to moderate (maximum r = 0.56 and 0.34). CONCLUSION Inertial sensor measures of extent of postural sway in conditions of natural stance EC and feet together stance EO were discriminative, reliable, and valid for monitoring SCA. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrutangkumar V Shah
- Precision Motion, APDM Wearable Technologies-A Clario Company, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel Muzyka
- Precision Motion, APDM Wearable Technologies-A Clario Company, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Adam Jagodinsky
- Precision Motion, APDM Wearable Technologies-A Clario Company, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - James McNames
- Precision Motion, APDM Wearable Technologies-A Clario Company, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hannah Casey
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mahmoud El-Gohary
- Precision Motion, APDM Wearable Technologies-A Clario Company, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kristen Sowalsky
- Precision Motion, APDM Wearable Technologies-A Clario Company, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Delaram Safarpour
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Ataxia Center, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fay B Horak
- Precision Motion, APDM Wearable Technologies-A Clario Company, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Tezenas du Montcel S, Petit E, Olubajo T, Faber J, Lallemant-Dudek P, Bushara K, Perlman S, Subramony SH, Morgan D, Jackman B, Figueroa KP, Pulst SM, Fauret-Amsellem AL, Dufke C, Paulson HL, Öz G, Klockgether T, Durr A, Ashizawa T. Baseline Clinical and Blood Biomarkers in Patients With Preataxic and Early-Stage Disease Spinocerebellar Ataxia 1 and 3. Neurology 2023; 100:e1836-e1848. [PMID: 36797067 PMCID: PMC10136009 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In spinocerebellar ataxia, ataxia onset can be preceded by mild clinical manifestation, cerebellar and/or brainstem alterations, or biomarker modifications. READISCA is a prospective, longitudinal observational study of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) and 3 (SCA3) to provide essential markers for therapeutic interventions. We looked for clinical, imaging, or biological markers that are present at an early stage of the disease. METHODS We enrolled carriers of a pathologic ATXN1 or ATXN3 expansion and controls from 18 US and 2 European ataxia referral centers. Clinical, cognitive, quantitative motor, neuropsychological measures and plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) measurements were compared between expansion carriers with and without ataxia and controls. RESULTS We enrolled 200 participants: 45 carriers of a pathologic ATXN1 expansion (31 patients with ataxia [median Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia: 9; 7-10] and 14 expansion carriers without ataxia [1; 0-2]) and 116 carriers of a pathologic ATXN3 expansion (80 patients with ataxia [7; 6-9] and 36 expansion carriers without ataxia [1; 0-2]). In addition, we enrolled 39 controls who did not carry a pathologic expansion in ATXN1 or ATXN3. Plasma NfL levels were significantly higher in expansion carriers without ataxia than controls, despite similar mean age (controls: 5.7 pg/mL, SCA1: 18.0 pg/mL [p < 0.0001], SCA3: 19.8 pg/mL [p < 0.0001]). Expansion carriers without ataxia differed from controls by significantly more upper motor signs (SCA1 p = 0.0003, SCA3 p = 0.003) and by the presence of sensor impairment and diplopia in SCA3 (p = 0.0448 and 0.0445, respectively). Functional scales, fatigue and depression scores, swallowing difficulties, and cognitive impairment were worse in expansion carriers with ataxia than those without ataxia. Ataxic SCA3 participants showed extrapyramidal signs, urinary dysfunction, and lower motor neuron signs significantly more often than expansion carriers without ataxia. DISCUSSION READISCA showed the feasibility of harmonized data acquisition in a multinational network. NfL alterations, early sensory ataxia, and corticospinal signs were quantifiable between preataxic participants and controls. Patients with ataxia differed in many parameters from controls and expansion carriers without ataxia, with a graded increase of abnormal measures from control to preataxic to ataxic cohorts. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03487367.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tezenas du Montcel
- From the Sorbonne Universite (S.T.d.M., E.P., P.L.-D., A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, INRIA, CNRS, APHP, France; The Houston Methodist Research Institute (T.O., T.A.), TX; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., T.K.), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (K.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; University of California, Los Angeles (S.P.); Norman Fixel Center for Neurological Disorders (S.H.S.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Translational Neuroscience (D.M., B.J.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids; Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.M.P.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Functional Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurogenetics (A.-L.F.-A.), Genetic Department, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (C.D.), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.L.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (G.O.), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
| | - Emilien Petit
- From the Sorbonne Universite (S.T.d.M., E.P., P.L.-D., A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, INRIA, CNRS, APHP, France; The Houston Methodist Research Institute (T.O., T.A.), TX; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., T.K.), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (K.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; University of California, Los Angeles (S.P.); Norman Fixel Center for Neurological Disorders (S.H.S.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Translational Neuroscience (D.M., B.J.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids; Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.M.P.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Functional Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurogenetics (A.-L.F.-A.), Genetic Department, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (C.D.), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.L.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (G.O.), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Titilayo Olubajo
- From the Sorbonne Universite (S.T.d.M., E.P., P.L.-D., A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, INRIA, CNRS, APHP, France; The Houston Methodist Research Institute (T.O., T.A.), TX; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., T.K.), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (K.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; University of California, Los Angeles (S.P.); Norman Fixel Center for Neurological Disorders (S.H.S.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Translational Neuroscience (D.M., B.J.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids; Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.M.P.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Functional Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurogenetics (A.-L.F.-A.), Genetic Department, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (C.D.), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.L.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (G.O.), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Jennifer Faber
- From the Sorbonne Universite (S.T.d.M., E.P., P.L.-D., A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, INRIA, CNRS, APHP, France; The Houston Methodist Research Institute (T.O., T.A.), TX; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., T.K.), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (K.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; University of California, Los Angeles (S.P.); Norman Fixel Center for Neurological Disorders (S.H.S.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Translational Neuroscience (D.M., B.J.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids; Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.M.P.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Functional Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurogenetics (A.-L.F.-A.), Genetic Department, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (C.D.), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.L.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (G.O.), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Pauline Lallemant-Dudek
- From the Sorbonne Universite (S.T.d.M., E.P., P.L.-D., A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, INRIA, CNRS, APHP, France; The Houston Methodist Research Institute (T.O., T.A.), TX; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., T.K.), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (K.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; University of California, Los Angeles (S.P.); Norman Fixel Center for Neurological Disorders (S.H.S.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Translational Neuroscience (D.M., B.J.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids; Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.M.P.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Functional Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurogenetics (A.-L.F.-A.), Genetic Department, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (C.D.), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.L.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (G.O.), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Khalaf Bushara
- From the Sorbonne Universite (S.T.d.M., E.P., P.L.-D., A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, INRIA, CNRS, APHP, France; The Houston Methodist Research Institute (T.O., T.A.), TX; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., T.K.), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (K.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; University of California, Los Angeles (S.P.); Norman Fixel Center for Neurological Disorders (S.H.S.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Translational Neuroscience (D.M., B.J.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids; Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.M.P.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Functional Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurogenetics (A.-L.F.-A.), Genetic Department, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (C.D.), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.L.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (G.O.), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Susan Perlman
- From the Sorbonne Universite (S.T.d.M., E.P., P.L.-D., A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, INRIA, CNRS, APHP, France; The Houston Methodist Research Institute (T.O., T.A.), TX; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., T.K.), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (K.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; University of California, Los Angeles (S.P.); Norman Fixel Center for Neurological Disorders (S.H.S.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Translational Neuroscience (D.M., B.J.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids; Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.M.P.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Functional Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurogenetics (A.-L.F.-A.), Genetic Department, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (C.D.), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.L.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (G.O.), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Sub H Subramony
- From the Sorbonne Universite (S.T.d.M., E.P., P.L.-D., A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, INRIA, CNRS, APHP, France; The Houston Methodist Research Institute (T.O., T.A.), TX; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., T.K.), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (K.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; University of California, Los Angeles (S.P.); Norman Fixel Center for Neurological Disorders (S.H.S.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Translational Neuroscience (D.M., B.J.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids; Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.M.P.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Functional Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurogenetics (A.-L.F.-A.), Genetic Department, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (C.D.), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.L.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (G.O.), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - David Morgan
- From the Sorbonne Universite (S.T.d.M., E.P., P.L.-D., A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, INRIA, CNRS, APHP, France; The Houston Methodist Research Institute (T.O., T.A.), TX; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., T.K.), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (K.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; University of California, Los Angeles (S.P.); Norman Fixel Center for Neurological Disorders (S.H.S.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Translational Neuroscience (D.M., B.J.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids; Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.M.P.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Functional Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurogenetics (A.-L.F.-A.), Genetic Department, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (C.D.), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.L.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (G.O.), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Brianna Jackman
- From the Sorbonne Universite (S.T.d.M., E.P., P.L.-D., A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, INRIA, CNRS, APHP, France; The Houston Methodist Research Institute (T.O., T.A.), TX; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., T.K.), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (K.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; University of California, Los Angeles (S.P.); Norman Fixel Center for Neurological Disorders (S.H.S.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Translational Neuroscience (D.M., B.J.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids; Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.M.P.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Functional Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurogenetics (A.-L.F.-A.), Genetic Department, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (C.D.), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.L.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (G.O.), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Karla P. Figueroa
- From the Sorbonne Universite (S.T.d.M., E.P., P.L.-D., A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, INRIA, CNRS, APHP, France; The Houston Methodist Research Institute (T.O., T.A.), TX; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., T.K.), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (K.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; University of California, Los Angeles (S.P.); Norman Fixel Center for Neurological Disorders (S.H.S.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Translational Neuroscience (D.M., B.J.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids; Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.M.P.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Functional Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurogenetics (A.-L.F.-A.), Genetic Department, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (C.D.), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.L.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (G.O.), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Stefan M. Pulst
- From the Sorbonne Universite (S.T.d.M., E.P., P.L.-D., A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, INRIA, CNRS, APHP, France; The Houston Methodist Research Institute (T.O., T.A.), TX; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., T.K.), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (K.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; University of California, Los Angeles (S.P.); Norman Fixel Center for Neurological Disorders (S.H.S.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Translational Neuroscience (D.M., B.J.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids; Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.M.P.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Functional Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurogenetics (A.-L.F.-A.), Genetic Department, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (C.D.), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.L.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (G.O.), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Anne-Laure Fauret-Amsellem
- From the Sorbonne Universite (S.T.d.M., E.P., P.L.-D., A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, INRIA, CNRS, APHP, France; The Houston Methodist Research Institute (T.O., T.A.), TX; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., T.K.), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (K.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; University of California, Los Angeles (S.P.); Norman Fixel Center for Neurological Disorders (S.H.S.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Translational Neuroscience (D.M., B.J.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids; Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.M.P.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Functional Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurogenetics (A.-L.F.-A.), Genetic Department, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (C.D.), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.L.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (G.O.), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Claudia Dufke
- From the Sorbonne Universite (S.T.d.M., E.P., P.L.-D., A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, INRIA, CNRS, APHP, France; The Houston Methodist Research Institute (T.O., T.A.), TX; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., T.K.), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (K.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; University of California, Los Angeles (S.P.); Norman Fixel Center for Neurological Disorders (S.H.S.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Translational Neuroscience (D.M., B.J.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids; Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.M.P.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Functional Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurogenetics (A.-L.F.-A.), Genetic Department, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (C.D.), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.L.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (G.O.), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Henry Lauris Paulson
- From the Sorbonne Universite (S.T.d.M., E.P., P.L.-D., A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, INRIA, CNRS, APHP, France; The Houston Methodist Research Institute (T.O., T.A.), TX; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., T.K.), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (K.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; University of California, Los Angeles (S.P.); Norman Fixel Center for Neurological Disorders (S.H.S.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Translational Neuroscience (D.M., B.J.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids; Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.M.P.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Functional Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurogenetics (A.-L.F.-A.), Genetic Department, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (C.D.), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.L.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (G.O.), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Gülin Öz
- From the Sorbonne Universite (S.T.d.M., E.P., P.L.-D., A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, INRIA, CNRS, APHP, France; The Houston Methodist Research Institute (T.O., T.A.), TX; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., T.K.), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (K.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; University of California, Los Angeles (S.P.); Norman Fixel Center for Neurological Disorders (S.H.S.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Translational Neuroscience (D.M., B.J.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids; Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.M.P.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Functional Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurogenetics (A.-L.F.-A.), Genetic Department, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (C.D.), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.L.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (G.O.), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- From the Sorbonne Universite (S.T.d.M., E.P., P.L.-D., A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, INRIA, CNRS, APHP, France; The Houston Methodist Research Institute (T.O., T.A.), TX; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., T.K.), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (K.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; University of California, Los Angeles (S.P.); Norman Fixel Center for Neurological Disorders (S.H.S.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Translational Neuroscience (D.M., B.J.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids; Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.M.P.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Functional Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurogenetics (A.-L.F.-A.), Genetic Department, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (C.D.), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.L.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (G.O.), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Alexandra Durr
- From the Sorbonne Universite (S.T.d.M., E.P., P.L.-D., A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, INRIA, CNRS, APHP, France; The Houston Methodist Research Institute (T.O., T.A.), TX; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., T.K.), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (K.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; University of California, Los Angeles (S.P.); Norman Fixel Center for Neurological Disorders (S.H.S.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Translational Neuroscience (D.M., B.J.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids; Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.M.P.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Functional Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurogenetics (A.-L.F.-A.), Genetic Department, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (C.D.), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.L.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (G.O.), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- From the Sorbonne Universite (S.T.d.M., E.P., P.L.-D., A.D.), Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, INRIA, CNRS, APHP, France; The Houston Methodist Research Institute (T.O., T.A.), TX; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., T.K.), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (K.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; University of California, Los Angeles (S.P.); Norman Fixel Center for Neurological Disorders (S.H.S.), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Translational Neuroscience (D.M., B.J.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids; Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.M.P.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Functional Unit of Cellular and Molecular Neurogenetics (A.-L.F.-A.), Genetic Department, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (C.D.), University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (H.L.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (G.O.), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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5
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Radhakrishnan V, Gallea C, Valabregue R, Krishnan S, Kesavadas C, Thomas B, James P, Menon R, Kishore A. Cerebellar and basal ganglia structural connections in humans: Effect of aging and relation with memory and learning. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1019239. [PMID: 36776439 PMCID: PMC9908607 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1019239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The cerebellum and basal ganglia were initially considered anatomically distinct regions, each connected via thalamic relays which project to the same cerebral cortical targets, such as the motor cortex. In the last two decades, transneuronal viral transport studies in non-human primates showed bidirectional connections between the cerebellum and basal ganglia at the subcortical level, without involving the cerebral cortical motor areas. These findings have significant implications for our understanding of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. While these subcortical connections were established in smaller studies on humans, their evolution with natural aging is less understood. Methods In this study, we validated and expanded the previous findings of the structural connectivity within the cerebellum-basal ganglia subcortical network, in a larger dataset of 64 subjects, across different age ranges. Tractography and fixel-based analysis were performed on the 3 T diffusion-weighted dataset using Mrtrix3 software, considering fiber density and cross-section as indicators of axonal integrity. Tractography of the well-established cerebello-thalamo-cortical tract was conducted as a control. We tested the relationship between the structural white matter integrity of these connections with aging and with the performance in different domains of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination. Results Tractography analysis isolated connections from the dentate nucleus to the contralateral putamen via the thalamus, and reciprocal tracts from the subthalamic nucleus to the contralateral cerebellar cortex via the pontine nuclei. Control tracts of cerebello-thalamo-cortical tracts were also isolated, including associative cerebello-prefrontal tracts. A negative linear relationship was found between the fiber density of both the ascending and descending cerebellum-basal ganglia tracts and age. Considering the cognitive assessments, the fiber density values of cerebello-thalamo-putaminal tracts correlated with the registration/learning domain scores. In addition, the fiber density values of cerebello-frontal and subthalamo-cerebellar (Crus II) tracts correlated with the cognitive assessment scores from the memory domain. Conclusion We validated the structural connectivity within the cerebellum-basal ganglia reciprocal network, in a larger dataset of human subjects, across wider age range. The structural features of the subcortical cerebello-basal ganglia tracts in human subjects display age-related neurodegeneration. Individual morphological variability of cerebellar tracts to the striatum and prefrontal cortex was associated with different cognitive functions, suggesting a functional contribution of cerebellar tracts to cognitive decline with aging. This study offers new perspectives to consider the functional role of these pathways in motor learning and the pathophysiology of movement disorders involving the cerebellum and striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeth Radhakrishnan
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Cecile Gallea
- INSERM, CNRS, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Romain Valabregue
- INSERM, CNRS, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Syam Krishnan
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Chandrasekharan Kesavadas
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Bejoy Thomas
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Praveen James
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Ramshekhar Menon
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Asha Kishore
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India,Parkinson and Movement Disorder Centre, Department of Neurology, Aster Medcity, Kochi, India,*Correspondence: Asha Kishore, ✉
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6
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Lima M, Raposo M, Ferreira A, Melo ARV, Pavão S, Medeiros F, Teves L, Gonzalez C, Lemos J, Pires P, Lopes P, Valverde D, Gonzalez J, Kay T, Vasconcelos J. The Homogeneous Azorean Machado-Joseph Disease Cohort: Characterization and Contributions to Advances in Research. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020247. [PMID: 36830784 PMCID: PMC9953730 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD)/spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most common autosomal dominant ataxia worldwide. MJD is characterized by late-onset progressive cerebellar ataxia associated with variable clinical findings, including pyramidal signs and a dystonic-rigid extrapyramidal syndrome. In the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores, the worldwide population cluster for this disorder (prevalence of 39 in 100,000 inhabitants), a cohort of MJD mutation carriers belonging to extensively studied pedigrees has been followed since the late 1990s. Studies of the homogeneous Azorean MJD cohort have been contributing crucial information to the natural history of this disease as well as allowing the identification of novel molecular biomarkers. Moreover, as interventional studies for this globally rare and yet untreatable disease are emerging, this cohort should be even more important for the recruitment of trial participants. In this paper, we profile the Azorean cohort of MJD carriers, constituted at baseline by 20 pre-ataxic carriers and 52 patients, which currently integrates the European spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease Initiative (ESMI), a large European longitudinal MJD cohort. Moreover, we summarize the main studies based on this cohort and highlight the contributions made to advances in MJD research. Knowledge of the profile of the Azorean MJD cohort is not only important in the context of emergent interventional trials but is also pertinent for the implementation of adequate interventional measures, constituting relevant information for Lay Associations and providing data to guide healthcare decision makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Mafalda Raposo
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rosa Vieira Melo
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Pavão
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Filipa Medeiros
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Luís Teves
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gonzalez
- Serviço de Psicologia Clínica, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, 9500-370 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - João Lemos
- Unidade de Psicologia Clínica, Hospital do Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira, 9700-049 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Paula Pires
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital do Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira, 9700-049 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Pedro Lopes
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, 9500-370 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - David Valverde
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Unidade de Saúde da Ilha das Flores, 9500-370 Santa Cruz das Flores, Portugal
| | - José Gonzalez
- Augenarztpraxis Petrescu Wuppertal, Department of Ophthalmology, 42389 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Teresa Kay
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital D. Estefânia, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Vasconcelos
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Hospital Internacional dos Açores (HIA), 9560-421 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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7
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Scarabino D, Veneziano L, Fiore A, Nethisinghe S, Mantuano E, Garcia-Moreno H, Bellucci G, Solanky N, Morello M, Zanni G, Corbo RM, Giunti P. Leukocyte Telomere Length Variability as a Potential Biomarker in Patients with PolyQ Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081436. [PMID: 35892638 PMCID: PMC9332235 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
SCA1, SCA2, and SCA3 are the most common forms of SCAs among the polyglutamine disorders, which include Huntington’s Disease (HD). We investigated the relationship between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and the phenotype of SCA1, SCA2, and SCA3, comparing them with HD. The results showed that LTL was significantly reduced in SCA1 and SCA3 patients, while LTL was significantly longer in SCA2 patients. A significant negative relationship between LTL and age was observed in SCA1 but not in SCA2 subjects. LTL of SCA3 patients depend on both patient’s age and disease duration. The number of CAG repeats did not affect LTL in the three SCAs. Since LTL is considered an indirect marker of an inflammatory response and oxidative damage, our data suggest that in SCA1 inflammation is present already at an early stage of disease similar to in HD, while in SCA3 inflammation and impaired antioxidative processes are associated with disease progression. Interestingly, in SCA2, contrary to SCA1 and SCA3, the length of leukocyte telomeres does not reduce with age. We have observed that SCAs and HD show a differing behavior in LTL for each subtype, which could constitute relevant biomarkers if confirmed in larger cohorts and longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Scarabino
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Liana Veneziano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Alessia Fiore
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (R.M.C.)
| | - Suran Nethisinghe
- Ataxia Center, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (S.N.); (H.G.-M.); (N.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Elide Mantuano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Hector Garcia-Moreno
- Ataxia Center, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (S.N.); (H.G.-M.); (N.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Gianmarco Bellucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nita Solanky
- Ataxia Center, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (S.N.); (H.G.-M.); (N.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Maria Morello
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Neuromuscolar and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Research Hospital, IRCCS, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rosa Maria Corbo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (R.M.C.)
| | - Paola Giunti
- Ataxia Center, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (S.N.); (H.G.-M.); (N.S.); (P.G.)
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8
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Sinnige T. Molecular mechanisms of amyloid formation in living systems. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7080-7097. [PMID: 35799826 PMCID: PMC9214716 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01278b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar protein aggregation is a hallmark of a variety of human diseases. Examples include the deposition of amyloid-β and tau in Alzheimer's disease, and that of α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. The molecular mechanisms by which soluble proteins form amyloid fibrils have been extensively studied in the test tube. These investigations have revealed the microscopic steps underlying amyloid formation, and the role of factors such as chaperones that modulate these processes. This perspective explores the question to what extent the mechanisms of amyloid formation elucidated in vitro apply to human disease. The answer is not yet clear, and may differ depending on the protein and the associated disease. Nevertheless, there are striking qualitative similarities between the aggregation behaviour of proteins in vitro and the development of the related diseases. Limited quantitative data obtained in model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans support the notion that aggregation mechanisms in vivo can be interpreted using the same biophysical principles established in vitro. These results may however be biased by the high overexpression levels typically used in animal models of protein aggregation diseases. Molecular chaperones have been found to suppress protein aggregation in animal models, but their mechanisms of action have not yet been quantitatively analysed. Several mechanisms are proposed by which the decline of protein quality control with organismal age, but also the intrinsic nature of the aggregation process may contribute to the kinetics of protein aggregation observed in human disease. The molecular mechanisms of amyloid formation have been studied extensively in test tube reactions. This perspective article addresses the question to what extent these mechanisms apply to the complex situation in living cells and organisms.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Sinnige
- Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University Padualaan 8 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
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9
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Jang JH, Yoon SJ, Kim SK, Cho JW, Kim JW. Detection Methods and Status of CAT Interruption of ATXN1 in Korean Patients With Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1. Ann Lab Med 2022; 42:274-277. [PMID: 34635619 PMCID: PMC8548249 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2022.42.2.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by abnormal CAG repeat expansion in the ataxin 1 gene (ATXN1). The presence of CAT interruption(s) is important for diagnosing SCA1 in patients with 39–44 repeat alleles, as only uninterrupted alleles are considered abnormal. Determining the CAT interruption status might also be important for patients with >44 repeats, as the length of the longest uninterrupted CAG repeat stretch has been correlated with age at SCA1 onset. We detected CAT interruption(s) in the archived samples of Korean SCA1 patients using a traditional restriction enzyme method and validated the usefulness of a fluorescence-based tethering PCR procedure. Among the 2,312 alleles analyzed from 1,156 patients, we found 17 expanded alleles with ≥39 repeats, 71% of which harbored 39–44 repeats. Restriction enzyme method of six samples (four with 39–44 repeats and two with >44 repeats) revealed that none of the expanded alleles had CAT interruption(s). Tethering PCR showed the characteristic electropherogram pattern expected without CAT interruption(s). Along with the enzyme restriction method, tethering PCR can be applied to determine the number of allele repeats and provide information on CAT interruption(s) in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Hyun Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Joo Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Whan Cho
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Shah VV, Rodriguez-Labrada R, Horak FB, McNames J, Casey H, Hansson Floyd K, El-Gohary M, Schmahmann JD, Rosenthal LS, Perlman S, Velázquez-Pérez L, Gomez CM. Gait Variability in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Assessed Using Wearable Inertial Sensors. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2922-2931. [PMID: 34424581 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative assessment of severity of ataxia-specific gait impairments from wearable technology could provide sensitive performance outcome measures with high face validity to power clinical trials. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify a set of gait measures from body-worn inertial sensors that best discriminate between people with prodromal or manifest spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) and age-matched, healthy control subjects (HC) and determine how these measures relate to disease severity. METHODS One hundred and sixty-three people with SCA (subtypes 1, 2, 3, and 6), 42 people with prodromal SCA, and 96 HC wore 6 inertial sensors while performing a natural pace, 2-minute walk. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were compared for 25 gait measures, including standard deviations as variability, to discriminate between ataxic and normal gait. Pearson's correlation coefficient assessed the relationships between the gait measures and severity of ataxia. RESULTS Increased gait variability was the most discriminative gait feature of SCA; toe-out angle variability (AUC = 0.936; sensitivity = 0.871; specificity = 0.896) and double-support time variability (AUC = 0.932; sensitivity = 0.834; specificity = 0.865) were the most sensitive and specific measures. These variability measures were also significantly correlated with the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) and disease duration. The same gait measures discriminated gait of people with prodromal SCA from the gait of HC (AUC = 0.610, and 0.670, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Wearable inertial sensors provide sensitive and specific measures of excessive gait variability in both manifest and prodromal SCAs that are reliable and related to the severity of the disease, suggesting they may be useful as clinical trial performance outcome measures. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrutangkumar V Shah
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Labrada
- Centre for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias, Holguín, Cuba.,Cuban Center for Neuroscience, Havana, Cuba
| | - Fay B Horak
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,APDM Wearable Technologies, an ERT company, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - James McNames
- APDM Wearable Technologies, an ERT company, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hannah Casey
- The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Ataxia Center, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Luis Velázquez-Pérez
- Centre for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias, Holguín, Cuba.,Cuban Academy of Sciences, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Christopher M Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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11
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Nethisinghe S, Kesavan M, Ging H, Labrum R, Polke JM, Islam S, Garcia-Moreno H, Callaghan MF, Cavalcanti F, Pook MA, Giunti P. Interruptions of the FXN GAA Repeat Tract Delay the Age at Onset of Friedreich's Ataxia in a Location Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7507. [PMID: 34299126 PMCID: PMC8307455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a comparatively rare autosomal recessive neurological disorder primarily caused by the homozygous expansion of a GAA trinucleotide repeat in intron 1 of the FXN gene. The repeat expansion causes gene silencing that results in deficiency of the frataxin protein leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and cell death. The GAA repeat tract in some cases may be impure with sequence variations called interruptions. It has previously been observed that large interruptions of the GAA repeat tract, determined by abnormal MboII digestion, are very rare. Here we have used triplet repeat primed PCR (TP PCR) assays to identify small interruptions at the 5' and 3' ends of the GAA repeat tract through alterations in the electropherogram trace signal. We found that contrary to large interruptions, small interruptions are more common, with 3' interruptions being most frequent. Based on detection of interruptions by TP PCR assay, the patient cohort (n = 101) was stratified into four groups: 5' interruption, 3' interruption, both 5' and 3' interruptions or lacking interruption. Those patients with 3' interruptions were associated with shorter GAA1 repeat tracts and later ages at disease onset. The age at disease onset was modelled by a group-specific exponential decay model. Based on this modelling, a 3' interruption is predicted to delay disease onset by approximately 9 years relative to those lacking 5' and 3' interruptions. This highlights the key role of interruptions at the 3' end of the GAA repeat tract in modulating the disease phenotype and its impact on prognosis for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suran Nethisinghe
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (S.N.); (M.K.); (H.G.); (H.G.-M.)
| | - Maheswaran Kesavan
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (S.N.); (M.K.); (H.G.); (H.G.-M.)
| | - Heather Ging
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (S.N.); (M.K.); (H.G.); (H.G.-M.)
| | - Robyn Labrum
- Neurogenetics Service, Rare and Inherited Disease Laboratory, London North Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3BH, UK; (R.L.); (J.M.P.)
| | - James M. Polke
- Neurogenetics Service, Rare and Inherited Disease Laboratory, London North Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3BH, UK; (R.L.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Saiful Islam
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
| | - Hector Garcia-Moreno
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (S.N.); (M.K.); (H.G.); (H.G.-M.)
| | - Martina F. Callaghan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK;
| | - Francesca Cavalcanti
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 87050 Mangone, Italy;
| | - Mark A. Pook
- Ataxia Research Group, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
- Synthetic Biology Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Paola Giunti
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (S.N.); (M.K.); (H.G.); (H.G.-M.)
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12
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Temussi PA, Tartaglia GG, Pastore A. The seesaw between normal function and protein aggregation: How functional interactions may increase protein solubility. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100031. [PMID: 33783021 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation has been studied for at least 3 decades, and many of the principles that regulate this event are relatively well understood. Here, however, we present a different perspective to explain why proteins aggregate: we argue that aggregation may occur as a side-effect of the lack of one or more natural partners that, under physiologic conditions, would act as chaperones. This would explain why the same surfaces that have evolved for functional purposes are also those that favour aggregation. In the course of reviewing this field, we substantiate our hypothesis with three paradigmatic examples that argue for the generality of our proposal. An obvious corollary of this hypothesis is, of course, that targeting the physiological partners of a protein could be the most direct and specific approach to designing anti-aggregation molecules. Our analysis may thus inform a different strategy for combating diseases of protein aggregation and misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Andrea Temussi
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, The Maurice Wohl Institute, London, UK
| | - Gian Gaetano Tartaglia
- Center for Human Technologies, Central RNA laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Charles Darwin Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pastore
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, The Maurice Wohl Institute, London, UK
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13
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Kim DH, Kim R, Lee JY, Lee KM. Clinical, Imaging, and Laboratory Markers of Premanifest Spinocerebellar Ataxia 1, 2, 3, and 6: A Systematic Review. J Clin Neurol 2021; 17:187-199. [PMID: 33835738 PMCID: PMC8053554 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2021.17.2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Premanifest mutation carriers with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) can exhibit subtle abnormalities before developing ataxia. We summarized the preataxic manifestations of SCA1, -2, -3, and -6, and their associations with ataxia onset. Methods We included studies of the premanifest carriers of SCA published between January 1998 and December 2019 identified in Scopus and PubMed by searching for terms including ‘spinocerebellar ataxia’ and several synonyms of ‘preataxic manifestation’. We systematically reviewed the results obtained in studies categorized based on clinical, imaging, and laboratory markers. Results We finally performed a qualitative analysis of 48 papers. Common preataxic manifestations appearing in multiple SCA subtypes were muscle cramps, abnormal muscle reflexes, instability in gait and posture, lower Composite Cerebellar Functional Severity scores, abnormalities in video-oculography and transcranial magnetic stimulation, and gray-matter loss and volume reduction in the brainstem and cerebellar structures. Also, decreased sensory amplitudes in nerve conduction studies were observed in SCA2. Eotaxin and neurofilament light-chain levels were revealed as sensitive blood biomarkers in SCA3. Concerning potential predictive markers, hyporeflexia and abnormalities of somatosensory evoked potentials showed correlations with the time to ataxia onset in SCA2 carriers. However, no longitudinal data were found for the other SCA gene carriers. Conclusions Our results suggest that preataxic manifestations vary among SCA1, -2, -3, and -6, with some subtypes sharing specific features. Combining various markers into a standardized index for premanifest carriers may be useful for early screening and assessing the risk of disease progression in SCA carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoi Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryul Kim
- Department of Neurology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jee Young Lee
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kyoung Min Lee
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Peng L, Chen Z, Chen T, Lei L, Long Z, Liu M, Deng Q, Yuan H, Zou G, Wan L, Wang C, Peng H, Shi Y, Wang P, Peng Y, Wang S, He L, Xie Y, Tang Z, Wan N, Gong Y, Hou X, Shen L, Xia K, Li J, Chen C, Zhang Z, Qiu R, Tang B, Jiang H. Prediction of the Age at Onset of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 with Machine Learning. Mov Disord 2020; 36:216-224. [PMID: 32991004 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In polyglutamine (polyQ) disease, the investigation of the prediction of a patient's age at onset (AAO) facilitates the development of disease-modifying intervention and underpins the delay of disease onset and progression. Few polyQ disease studies have evaluated AAO predicted by machine-learning algorithms and linear regression methods. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to develop a machine-learning model for AAO prediction in the largest spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD) population from mainland China. METHODS In this observational study, we introduced an innovative approach by systematically comparing the performance of 7 machine-learning algorithms with linear regression to explore AAO prediction in SCA3/MJD using CAG expansions of 10 polyQ-related genes, sex, and parental origin. RESULTS Similar prediction performance of testing set and training set in each models were identified and few overfitting of training data was observed. Overall, the machine-learning-based XGBoost model exhibited the most favorable performance in AAO prediction over the traditional linear regression method and other 6 machine-learning algorithms for the training set and testing set. The optimal XGBoost model achieved mean absolute error, root mean square error, and median absolute error of 5.56, 7.13, 4.15 years, respectively, in testing set 1, with mean absolute error (4.78 years), root mean square error (6.31 years), and median absolute error (3.59 years) in testing set 2. CONCLUSION Machine-learning algorithms can be used to predict AAO in patients with SCA3/MJD. The optimal XGBoost algorithm can provide a good reference for the establishment and optimization of prediction models for SCA3/MJD or other polyQ diseases. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linliu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiankai Chen
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijing Lei
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Long
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangdong Zou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linlin Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunrong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huirong Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Puzhi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lang He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhichao Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqing Gong
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuping Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Jacobi H, du Montcel ST, Romanzetti S, Harmuth F, Mariotti C, Nanetti L, Rakowicz M, Makowicz G, Durr A, Monin ML, Filla A, Roca A, Schöls L, Hengel H, Infante J, Kang JS, Timmann D, Casali C, Masciullo M, Baliko L, Melegh B, Nachbauer W, Bürk-Gergs K, Schulz JB, Riess O, Reetz K, Klockgether T. Conversion of individuals at risk for spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, 3, and 6 to manifest ataxia (RISCA): a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:738-747. [PMID: 32822634 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are autosomal dominant neurodegenerative diseases. Our aim was to study the conversion to manifest ataxia among apparently healthy carriers of mutations associated with the most common SCAs (SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, and SCA6), and the sensitivity of clinical and functional measures to detect change in these individuals. METHODS In this prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study, based at 14 referral centres in seven European countries, we enrolled children or siblings of patients with SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, or SCA6. Eligible individuals were those without ataxia, defined by a score on the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) of less than 3; participants had to be aged 18-50 years for children or siblings of patients with SCA1, SCA2, or SCA3, and 35-70 years for children or siblings of patients with SCA6. Study visits took place at recruitment and after 2, 4, and 6 years (plus or minus 3 months). We did genetic testing to identify mutation carriers, with results concealed to the participant and clinical investigator. We assessed patients with clinical scales, questionnaires of patient-reported outcome measures, a rating of the examiner's confidence of presence of ataxia, and performance-based coordination tests. Conversion to ataxia was defined by an SARA score of 3 or higher. We analysed the association of factors at baseline with conversion to ataxia and the evolution of outcome parameters on temporal scales (time from inclusion and time to predicted age at ataxia onset) in the context of mutation status and conversion status. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01037777. FINDINGS Between Sept 13, 2008, and Oct 28, 2015, 302 participants were enrolled. We analysed data for 252 participants with at least one follow-up visit. 83 (33%) participants were from families affected by SCA1, 99 (39%) by SCA2, 46 (18%) by SCA3, and 24 (10%) by SCA6. In participants who carried SCA mutations, 26 (52%) of 50 SCA1 carriers, 22 (59%) of 37 SCA2 carriers, 11 (42%) of 26 SCA3 carriers, and two (13%) of 15 SCA6 carriers converted to ataxia. One (3%) of 33 SCA1 non-carriers and one (2%) of 62 SCA2 non-carriers converted to ataxia. Owing to the small number of people who met our criteria for ataxia, subsequent analyses could not be done in carriers of the SCA6 mutation. Baseline factors associated with conversion were age (hazard ratio 1·13 [95% CI 1·03-1·24]; p=0·011), CAG repeat length (1·25 [1·11-1·41]; p=0·0002), and ataxia confidence rating (1·72 [1·23-2·41]; p=0·0015) for SCA1; age (1·08 [1·02-1·14]; p=0·0077) and CAG repeat length (1·65 [1·27-2·13]; p=0·0001) for SCA2; and age (1·27 [1·09-1·50]; p=0·0031), confidence rating (2·60 [1·23-5·47]; p=0·012), and double vision (14·83 [2·15-102·44]; p=0·0063) for SCA3. From the time of inclusion, the SARA scores of SCA1, SCA2, and SCA3 mutation carriers increased, whereas they remained stable in non-carriers. On a timescale defined by the predicted time of ataxia onset, SARA progression in SCA1, SCA2, and SCA3 mutation carriers was non-linear, with marginal progression before ataxia and increasing progression after ataxia onset. INTERPRETATION Our study provides quantitative data on the conversion of non-ataxic SCA1, SCA2, and SCA3 mutation carriers to manifest ataxia. Our data could prove useful for the design of preventive trials aimed at delaying the onset of ataxia by aiding sample size calculations and stratification of study participants. FUNDING European Research Area Network for Research Programmes on Rare Diseases, Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Italian Ministry of Health, European Community's Seventh Framework Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Jacobi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Sophie Tezenas du Montcel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut, Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sandro Romanzetti
- Department of Neurology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich and Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Harmuth
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nanetti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rakowicz
- First Neurological Department, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Makowicz
- Department of Neuroradiology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Lorraine Monin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Filla
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Roca
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger Hengel
- Department of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jon Infante
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Santander, Spain
| | - Jun-Suk Kang
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carlo Casali
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laszlo Baliko
- Department of Neurology, Magyar Imre Hospital, Ajka, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs and Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Wolfgang Nachbauer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katrin Bürk-Gergs
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Kliniken Schmieder Stuttgart-Gerlingen, Gerlingen, Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich and Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Rare Disease Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Department of Neurology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich and Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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16
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Zhao H, Yang L, Dong Y, Wu ZY. Phenotypic variance in monozygotic twins with SCA3. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1438. [PMID: 32729243 PMCID: PMC7549591 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder with high clinical heterogeneity. Twin study is valuable to estimate the contributions of gene and/or environment to phenotypic variance. However, SCA3 twins were extremely sparse and rarely reported. METHODS A pair of monozygotic twins with SCA3 was assessed using well-acknowledged scales. Genetic modifiers and methylation levels were determined by Sanger sequencing and pyrosequencing. RESULTS Sharing identical CAG repeat lengths, the twins presented with similar symptoms, whereas, the younger sister had an earlier age at onset of two years. The occurrence time and severity of constipation, blepharospasm and fasciculation were markedly different between the twins. Notable methylation level differences of several CpG sites existed between the twins. CONCLUSIONS It is the first time to report SCA3 monozygotic twin worldwide. The role of epigenetic factors in the phenotype variance deserved more attention. The DNA methylation may influence the phenotypic variance by altering the occurrence time and severity of symptoms, indicating its potential in alleviating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Li QF, Cheng H, Yang L, Ma Y, Zhao J, Dong Y, Wu Z. Clinical features and genetic characteristics of homozygous spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1314. [PMID: 32643267 PMCID: PMC7507100 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Homozygous spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) patients, which have an expanded cytosine‐adenine‐guanine (CAG) repeat mutation in both alleles of ATXN3, are extremely rare. Clinical features and genetic characteristics of them were seldom studied. Methods We analyzed seven newly homozygous SCA3 patients from five families and 14 homozygotes reported previously. An additional cohort of 30 heterozygous SCA3 patients were analyzed to compare age at onset (AAO). Results Two out of seven SCA3 homozygotes had the minimum CAG repeats reported so far (55/56 and 56/58). Five patients appeared peripheral neuropathy and two had mild cognitive impairment. The AAO was significantly inversely correlated with both the large and small expanded CAG repeats (r = −.7682, p < .0001). The AAO was significantly earlier in homozygous SCA3 than heterozygous ones (32.81 ± 11.86 versus. 49.90 ± 9.73, p < .0001). In addition, the AAO of our seven homozygotes is elder compared to those reported previously (41.29 years vs. 28.57 years), which may be related to the fewer CAG repeats in our seven patients. Conclusion Gene dosage effect may play an important role in the AAO and severity of disease, and homozygosity for ATXN3 enhances phenotypic severity. Our findings expand clinical features and genetic characteristics of homozygous SCA3 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Fu Li
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Hao‐Ling Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of NeurologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yin Ma
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jing‐Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Zhi‐Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
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18
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Lai RY, Tomishon D, Figueroa KP, Pulst SM, Perlman S, Wilmot G, Gomez CM, Schmahmann JD, Paulson H, Shakkottai VG, Ying SH, Zesiewicz T, Bushara K, Geschwind M, Xia G, Subramony SH, Ashizawa T, Kuo SH. Tremor in the Degenerative Cerebellum: Towards the Understanding of Brain Circuitry for Tremor. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 18:519-526. [PMID: 30830673 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar degenerative pathology has been identified in tremor patients; however, how the degenerative pathology could contribute to tremor remains unclear. If the cerebellar degenerative pathology can directly drive tremor, one would hypothesize that tremor is likely to occur in the diseases of cerebellar ataxia and follows the disease progression in such disorders. To further test this hypothesis, we studied the occurrence of tremor in different disease stages of classical cerebellar degenerative disorders: spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). We further separately analyzed postural tremor and rest tremor, two forms of tremor that both involve the cerebellum. We also explored tremor in different subtypes of SCAs. We found that 18.1% of SCA patients have tremor. Interestingly, SCA patients with tremor have worse ataxia than those without tremor. When stratifying patients into mild, moderate, and severe disease stages according to the severity of ataxia, moderate and severe SCA patients more commonly have tremor than those with mild ataxia, the effect most prominently observed in postural tremor of SCA3 and SCA6 patients. Finally, tremor can independently contribute to worse functional status in SCA2 patients, even after adjusting for ataxia severity. Tremor is more likely to occur in the severe stage of cerebellar degeneration when compared to mild stages. Our results partially support the cerebellar degenerative model of tremor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yah Lai
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darya Tomishon
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Susan Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George Wilmot
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Sarah H Ying
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theresa Zesiewicz
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Khalaf Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guangbin Xia
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - S H Subramony
- Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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Cahn S, Rosen A, Wilmot G. Spinocerebellar Ataxia Patient Perceptions Regarding Reproductive Options. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019; 7:37-44. [PMID: 31970210 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic testing is a growing reproductive option for people who want to avoid passing a single-gene condition on to their offspring. The spinocerebellar ataxias are a group of rare, autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorders which are strong candidates for the use of this technology. Objectives This study aimed to assess knowledge of genetic risk and perceptions of reproductive options in individuals with a diagnosis of spinocerebellar ataxia. Methods We administered an online survey to U.S. residents of reproductive age who have been clinically or genetically diagnosed with spinocerebellar ataxia. We assessed their understanding of inheritance and their reproductive opinions. Results Of 94 participants, 70.2% answered all four inheritance questions correctly. The majority felt they could describe each reproductive option except prenatal diagnosis. Individuals were most interested in in vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic testing: 48.4% (45 of 93) said they would consider it. They were least interested in prenatal diagnosis and donated embryos or gametes. Having spinocerebellar ataxia with anticipation and choosing inheritance risk as an important factor were both significantly associated with interest in preimplantation genetic testing. Choosing religion/morality as an important factor was associated with less interest in preimplantation genetic testing and prenatal diagnosis. Conclusions Our population displayed basic knowledge of inheritance risk, and the majority wanted to avoid having affected children. Consistent with literature for other autosomal-dominant adult-onset conditions, individuals showed a preference for preimplantation genetic testing. Health care providers should continue to educate patients about reproductive options and their risks and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Cahn
- Cancer Genetics Program, Northside Hospital Cancer Institute Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Ami Rosen
- Department of Human Genetics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA.,Department of Neurology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - George Wilmot
- Department of Neurology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
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20
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Marty B, Naeije G, Bourguignon M, Wens V, Jousmäki V, Lynch DR, Gaetz W, Goldman S, Hari R, Pandolfo M, De Tiège X. Evidence for genetically determined degeneration of proprioceptive tracts in Friedreich ataxia. Neurology 2019; 93:e116-e124. [PMID: 31197032 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess with magnetoencephalography the developmental vs progressive character of the impairment of spinocortical proprioceptive pathways in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA). METHODS Neuromagnetic signals were recorded from 16 right-handed patients with FRDA (9 female patients, mean age 27 years, mean Scale for the Assessment and Rating Of ataxia [SARA] score 22.25) and matched healthy controls while they performed right finger movements either actively or passively. The coupling between movement kinematics (i.e., acceleration) and neuromagnetic signals was assessed by the use of coherence at sensor and source levels. Such coupling, that is, the corticokinematic coherence (CKC), specifically indexes proprioceptive afferent inputs to the contralateral primary sensorimotor (cSM1) cortex. Nonparametric permutations and Spearman rank correlation test were used for statistics. RESULTS In both groups of participants and movement conditions, significant coupling peaked at the cSM1 cortex. Coherence levels were 70% to 75% lower in patients with FRDA than in healthy controls in both movement conditions. In patients with FRDA, coherence levels correlated with genotype alteration (i.e., the size of GAA1 triplet expansion) and the age at symptom onset but not with disease duration or SARA score. CONCLUSION This study provides electrophysiologic evidence demonstrating that proprioceptive impairment in FRDA is mostly genetically determined and scarcely progressive after symptom onset. It also positions CKC as a reliable, robust, specific marker of proprioceptive impairment in FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Marty
- From the Laboratoire de Cartographie Fonctionnelle du Cerveau (B.M., G.N., M.B., V.W., S.G., X.D.T.) and Laboratoire Cognition Langage et Développement (M.B.), ULB Neuroscience Institute, and Department of Neurology (G.N., M.P.) and Department of Functional Neuroimaging (V.W., X.D.T., S.G.), Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (M.B.), Donostia, Spain; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (V.J.), School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (D.R.L., W.G.), PA; and Department of Art (R.H.), Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gilles Naeije
- From the Laboratoire de Cartographie Fonctionnelle du Cerveau (B.M., G.N., M.B., V.W., S.G., X.D.T.) and Laboratoire Cognition Langage et Développement (M.B.), ULB Neuroscience Institute, and Department of Neurology (G.N., M.P.) and Department of Functional Neuroimaging (V.W., X.D.T., S.G.), Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (M.B.), Donostia, Spain; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (V.J.), School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (D.R.L., W.G.), PA; and Department of Art (R.H.), Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mathieu Bourguignon
- From the Laboratoire de Cartographie Fonctionnelle du Cerveau (B.M., G.N., M.B., V.W., S.G., X.D.T.) and Laboratoire Cognition Langage et Développement (M.B.), ULB Neuroscience Institute, and Department of Neurology (G.N., M.P.) and Department of Functional Neuroimaging (V.W., X.D.T., S.G.), Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (M.B.), Donostia, Spain; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (V.J.), School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (D.R.L., W.G.), PA; and Department of Art (R.H.), Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincent Wens
- From the Laboratoire de Cartographie Fonctionnelle du Cerveau (B.M., G.N., M.B., V.W., S.G., X.D.T.) and Laboratoire Cognition Langage et Développement (M.B.), ULB Neuroscience Institute, and Department of Neurology (G.N., M.P.) and Department of Functional Neuroimaging (V.W., X.D.T., S.G.), Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (M.B.), Donostia, Spain; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (V.J.), School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (D.R.L., W.G.), PA; and Department of Art (R.H.), Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Jousmäki
- From the Laboratoire de Cartographie Fonctionnelle du Cerveau (B.M., G.N., M.B., V.W., S.G., X.D.T.) and Laboratoire Cognition Langage et Développement (M.B.), ULB Neuroscience Institute, and Department of Neurology (G.N., M.P.) and Department of Functional Neuroimaging (V.W., X.D.T., S.G.), Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (M.B.), Donostia, Spain; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (V.J.), School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (D.R.L., W.G.), PA; and Department of Art (R.H.), Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David R Lynch
- From the Laboratoire de Cartographie Fonctionnelle du Cerveau (B.M., G.N., M.B., V.W., S.G., X.D.T.) and Laboratoire Cognition Langage et Développement (M.B.), ULB Neuroscience Institute, and Department of Neurology (G.N., M.P.) and Department of Functional Neuroimaging (V.W., X.D.T., S.G.), Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (M.B.), Donostia, Spain; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (V.J.), School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (D.R.L., W.G.), PA; and Department of Art (R.H.), Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - William Gaetz
- From the Laboratoire de Cartographie Fonctionnelle du Cerveau (B.M., G.N., M.B., V.W., S.G., X.D.T.) and Laboratoire Cognition Langage et Développement (M.B.), ULB Neuroscience Institute, and Department of Neurology (G.N., M.P.) and Department of Functional Neuroimaging (V.W., X.D.T., S.G.), Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (M.B.), Donostia, Spain; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (V.J.), School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (D.R.L., W.G.), PA; and Department of Art (R.H.), Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Serge Goldman
- From the Laboratoire de Cartographie Fonctionnelle du Cerveau (B.M., G.N., M.B., V.W., S.G., X.D.T.) and Laboratoire Cognition Langage et Développement (M.B.), ULB Neuroscience Institute, and Department of Neurology (G.N., M.P.) and Department of Functional Neuroimaging (V.W., X.D.T., S.G.), Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (M.B.), Donostia, Spain; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (V.J.), School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (D.R.L., W.G.), PA; and Department of Art (R.H.), Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Hari
- From the Laboratoire de Cartographie Fonctionnelle du Cerveau (B.M., G.N., M.B., V.W., S.G., X.D.T.) and Laboratoire Cognition Langage et Développement (M.B.), ULB Neuroscience Institute, and Department of Neurology (G.N., M.P.) and Department of Functional Neuroimaging (V.W., X.D.T., S.G.), Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (M.B.), Donostia, Spain; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (V.J.), School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (D.R.L., W.G.), PA; and Department of Art (R.H.), Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Massimo Pandolfo
- From the Laboratoire de Cartographie Fonctionnelle du Cerveau (B.M., G.N., M.B., V.W., S.G., X.D.T.) and Laboratoire Cognition Langage et Développement (M.B.), ULB Neuroscience Institute, and Department of Neurology (G.N., M.P.) and Department of Functional Neuroimaging (V.W., X.D.T., S.G.), Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (M.B.), Donostia, Spain; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (V.J.), School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (D.R.L., W.G.), PA; and Department of Art (R.H.), Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xavier De Tiège
- From the Laboratoire de Cartographie Fonctionnelle du Cerveau (B.M., G.N., M.B., V.W., S.G., X.D.T.) and Laboratoire Cognition Langage et Développement (M.B.), ULB Neuroscience Institute, and Department of Neurology (G.N., M.P.) and Department of Functional Neuroimaging (V.W., X.D.T., S.G.), Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (M.B.), Donostia, Spain; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (V.J.), School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (D.R.L., W.G.), PA; and Department of Art (R.H.), Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
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Yang ZH, Shi CH, Zhou LN, Li YS, Yang J, Liu YT, Mao CY, Luo HY, Xu GW, Xu YM. Metabolic Profiling Reveals Biochemical Pathways and Potential Biomarkers of Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:159. [PMID: 31316347 PMCID: PMC6611058 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia 3, also known as Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD), is a rare autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by an abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the ATXN3 gene. In the present study, we performed a global metabolomic analysis to identify pathogenic biochemical pathways and novel biomarkers implicated in SCA3 patients. Metabolic profiling of serum samples from 13 preclinical SCA3 patients, 13 symptomatic SCA3 patients, and 15 healthy controls were mapped using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. The symptomatic SCA3 patients showed a metabolic profile significantly distinct from those of the preclinical SCA3 patients and healthy controls. The principal differential metabolites were involved in the amino acid (AA) metabolism and fatty acid metabolism pathways. In addition, four candidate serum biomarkers, FFA 16:1 (palmitoleic acid), FFA 18:3 (linolenic acid), L-Proline and L-Tryptophan, were selected to discriminate between symptomatic SCA3 patients and healthy controls by receiver operator curve analysis with an area under the curve of 0.979. Our study demonstrates that symptomatic SCA3 patients present distinct metabolic profiles with perturbed AA metabolism and fatty acid metabolism, and FFA 16:1, FFA 18:3, L-Proline and L-Tryptophan are identified as potential disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chang-He Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Na Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Yuan Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yang Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guo-Wang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yu-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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22
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Wang P, Chen Z, Peng Y, Cao L, Li X, Wang C, Yang H, Peng H, Shi Y, Zhou X, Li T, Feng L, Wu C, Qiu R, Xia K, Tang B, Jiang H. (
CAG
)
n
loci as genetic modifiers of age at onset in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 from mainland China. Eur J Neurol 2019; 26:1130-1136. [PMID: 30891880 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Wang
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha HunanChina
| | - Z. Chen
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha HunanChina
| | - Y. Peng
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha HunanChina
| | - L. Cao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology Rui Jin Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University ShanghaiChina
| | - X. Li
- Department of Neurology First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University GuangzhouChina
| | - C. Wang
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha HunanChina
| | - H. Yang
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha HunanChina
| | - H. Peng
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha HunanChina
| | - Y. Shi
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha HunanChina
| | - X. Zhou
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha HunanChina
| | - T. Li
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha HunanChina
| | - L. Feng
- Department of Neurology First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University GuangzhouChina
| | - C. Wu
- Department of Neurology First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University GuangzhouChina
| | - R. Qiu
- School of Information Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - K. Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - B. Tang
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha HunanChina
- Center for Medical Genetics Central South University Changsha Hunan China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases Central South University Changsha Hunan China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders Central South University Changsha HunanChina
- Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders BeijingChina
| | - H. Jiang
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha HunanChina
- Center for Medical Genetics Central South University Changsha Hunan China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases Central South University Changsha Hunan China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders Central South University Changsha HunanChina
- Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang China
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23
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Abstract
The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of autosomal dominantly inherited progressive disorders, the clinical hallmark of which is loss of balance and coordination accompanied by slurred speech; onset is most often in adult life. Genetically, SCAs are grouped as repeat expansion SCAs, such as SCA3/Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), and rare SCAs that are caused by non-repeat mutations, such as SCA5. Most SCA mutations cause prominent damage to cerebellar Purkinje neurons with consecutive cerebellar atrophy, although Purkinje neurons are only mildly affected in some SCAs. Furthermore, other parts of the nervous system, such as the spinal cord, basal ganglia and pontine nuclei in the brainstem, can be involved. As there is currently no treatment to slow or halt SCAs (many SCAs lead to premature death), the clinical care of patients with SCA focuses on managing the symptoms through physiotherapy, occupational therapy and speech therapy. Intense research has greatly expanded our understanding of the pathobiology of many SCAs, revealing that they occur via interrelated mechanisms (including proteotoxicity, RNA toxicity and ion channel dysfunction), and has led to the identification of new targets for treatment development. However, the development of effective therapies is hampered by the heterogeneity of the SCAs; specific therapeutic approaches may be required for each disease.
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24
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de Mattos EP, Kolbe Musskopf M, Bielefeldt Leotti V, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Jardim LB. Genetic risk factors for modulation of age at onset in Machado-Joseph disease/spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:203-210. [PMID: 30337442 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-319200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of genetic risk factors for age at onset (AO) in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD). METHODS Two authors independently reviewed reports on the mathematical relationship between CAG length at the expanded ATXN3 allele (CAGexp), and other genetic variants if available, and AO. Publications from January 1994 to September 2017 in English, Portuguese or Spanish and indexed in MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS or EMBASE were considered. Inclusion criteria were reports with >20 SCA3/MJD carriers with molecular diagnosis performed by capillary electrophoresis. Non-overlapping cohorts were determined on contact with corresponding authors. A detailed analysis protocol was registered at the PROSPERO database prior to data extraction (CRD42017073071). RESULTS Eleven studies were eligible for meta-analysis, comprising 10 individual-participant (n=2099 subjects) and two aggregated data cohorts. On average, CAGexp explained 55.2% (95% CI 50.8 to 59.0; p<0.001) of AO variability. Population-specific factors accounted for 8.3% of AO variance. Cohorts clustered into distinct geographic groups, evidencing significantly earlier AO in non-Portuguese Europeans than in Portuguese/South Brazilians with similar CAGexp lengths. Presence of intermediate ATXN2 alleles (27-33 CAG repeats) significantly correlated with earlier AO. Familial factors accounted for ~10% of AO variability. CAGexp, origin, family effects and CAG length at ATXN2 together explained 73.5% of AO variance. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence supports genetic modulation of AO in SCA3/MJD by CAGexp, ATXN2 and family-specific and population-specific factors. Future studies should take these into account in the search for new genetic modifiers of AO, which could be of therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Preusser de Mattos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Identificação Genética, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen/Groningen University, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maiara Kolbe Musskopf
- Laboratório de Identificação Genética, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bielefeldt Leotti
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Saraiva-Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Identificação Genética, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura Bannach Jardim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil .,Laboratório de Identificação Genética, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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25
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Chen Z, Wang C, Zheng C, Long Z, Cao L, Li X, Shang H, Yin X, Zhang B, Liu J, Ding D, Peng Y, Peng H, Ye W, Qiu R, Pan Q, Xia K, Chen S, Sequeiros J, Ashizawa T, Tang B, Jiang H. Ubiquitin-related network underlain by (CAG)n loci modulate age at onset in Machado-Joseph disease. Brain 2019; 140:e25. [PMID: 28334945 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Chunrong Wang
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Caifa Zheng
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Long
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Xunhua Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xinzhen Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Dongxue Ding
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Huirong Peng
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Rong Qiu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Qian Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Kun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Jorge Sequeiros
- IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação na Saúde; and ICBAS; Univ. Porto, Portugal
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute & Houston Methodist Research Institute, R11-117, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China.,Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China.,Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, 830011, P. R. China
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26
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Chen Z, Sequeiros J, Tang B, Jiang H. Genetic modifiers of age-at-onset in polyglutamine diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 48:99-108. [PMID: 30355507 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases. Expansion size correlates with age-at-onset (AO) and severity, and shows a critical threshold for each polyQ disease. Although an expanded CAG tract is sufficient to trigger disease, not all variation in AO is explained by (CAG)n length, which suggests the contribution of other modifying factors. Methods used to identify genetic modifiers in polyQ diseases have progressed from candidate genes to unbiased genome-wide searches. Inconsistency of results from candidate-genes studies are partly explained by sample size, study design and variable population frequency of "polymorphisms"; a genome-wide search may help elucidating more precise disease mechanisms underlying specific interaction networks. We review known genetic modifiers for polyQ diseases, and discuss developing strategies to find modulation, from common variants to networks disclosing small cumulative effects of key genes and modifying pathways. This may lead to a better understanding of genotype-phenotype correlation and the proposal of new potential targets for therapeutical interventions.
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27
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Weishäupl D, Schneider J, Peixoto Pinheiro B, Ruess C, Dold SM, von Zweydorf F, Gloeckner CJ, Schmidt J, Riess O, Schmidt T. Physiological and pathophysiological characteristics of ataxin-3 isoforms. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:644-661. [PMID: 30455355 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxin-3 is a deubiquitinating enzyme and the affected protein in the neurodegenerative disorder Machado-Joseph disease (MJD). The ATXN3 gene is alternatively spliced, resulting in protein isoforms that differ in the number of ubiquitin-interacting motifs. Additionally, nonsynonymous SNPs in ATXN3 cause amino acid changes in ataxin-3, and one of these polymorphisms introduces a premature stop codon in one isoform. Here, we examined the effects of different ataxin-3 isoforms and of the premature stop codon on ataxin-3's physiological function and on main disease mechanisms. At the physiological level, we show that alternative splicing and the premature stop codon alter ataxin-3 stability and that ataxin-3 isoforms differ in their enzymatic deubiquitination activity, subcellular distribution, and interaction with other proteins. At the pathological level, we found that the expansion of the polyglutamine repeat leads to a stabilization of ataxin-3 and that ataxin-3 isoforms differ in their aggregation properties. Interestingly, we observed a functional interaction between normal and polyglutamine-expanded ATXN3 allelic variants. We found that interactions between different ATXN3 allelic variants modify the physiological and pathophysiological properties of ataxin-3. Our findings indicate that alternative splicing and interactions between different ataxin-3 isoforms affect not only major aspects of ataxin-3 function but also MJD pathogenesis. Our results stress the importance of considering isoforms of disease-causing proteins and their interplay with the normal allelic variant as disease modifiers in MJD and autosomal-dominantly inherited diseases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weishäupl
- From the Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,the Center for Rare Diseases, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,the NGS Competence Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,the Graduate Training Center of Neuroscience, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juliane Schneider
- From the Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,the Center for Rare Diseases, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,the NGS Competence Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Peixoto Pinheiro
- From the Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,the Center for Rare Diseases, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,the NGS Competence Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Corinna Ruess
- From the Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,the Center for Rare Diseases, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,the NGS Competence Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Maria Dold
- From the Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,the Center for Rare Diseases, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,the NGS Competence Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix von Zweydorf
- the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and
| | - Christian Johannes Gloeckner
- the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and.,the Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jana Schmidt
- From the Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,the Center for Rare Diseases, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,the NGS Competence Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- From the Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,the Center for Rare Diseases, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,the NGS Competence Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schmidt
- From the Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, .,the Center for Rare Diseases, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,the NGS Competence Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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28
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van Gaalen J, Maas RPPWM, Ippel EF, Elting MW, van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, Vermeer S, Verschuuren-Bemelmans C, Timmann D, van de Warrenburg BP. Abnormal eyeblink conditioning is an early marker of cerebellar dysfunction in preclinical SCA3 mutation carriers. Exp Brain Res 2018; 237:427-433. [PMID: 30430184 PMCID: PMC6373441 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5424-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of autosomal dominantly inherited degenerative diseases. As the pathological process probably commences years before the first appearance of clinical symptoms, preclinical carriers of a SCA mutation offer the opportunity to study the earliest stages of cerebellar dysfunction and degeneration. Eyeblink classical conditioning (EBCC) is a motor learning paradigm, crucially dependent on the integrity of the olivocerebellar circuit, and has been shown to be able to detect subtle alterations of cerebellar function, which might already be present in preclinical carriers. Methods In order to acquire conditioned responses, we performed EBCC, delay paradigm, in 18 preclinical carriers of a SCA3 mutation and 16 healthy, age-matched controls by presenting repeated pairings of an auditory tone with a supraorbital nerve stimulus with a delay interval of 400 ms. Results Preclinical carriers acquired significantly less conditioned eyeblink responses than controls and learning rates were significantly reduced. This motor learning defect was, however, not associated with the predicted time to onset. Conclusions EBCC is impaired in preclinical carriers of a SCA3 mutation, as a result of impaired motor learning capacities of the cerebellum and is thus suggestive of cerebellar dysfunction. EBCC can be used to detect but probably not monitor preclinical cerebellar dysfunction in genetic ataxias, such as SCA3. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00221-018-5424-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van Gaalen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R P P W M Maas
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E F Ippel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M W Elting
- Department of Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - S Vermeer
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Verschuuren-Bemelmans
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Timmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bart P van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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29
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de Mattos EP, Leotti VB, Soong B, Raposo M, Lima M, Vasconcelos J, Fussiger H, Souza GN, Kersting N, Furtado GV, Saute JAM, Camey SA, Saraiva‐Pereira ML, Jardim LB. Age at onset prediction in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 changes according to population of origin. Eur J Neurol 2018; 26:113-120. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. P. de Mattos
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
| | - V. B. Leotti
- Departamento de Estatística Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - B.‐W. Soong
- Department of Neurology Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University School of Medicine Taipei Taiwan
| | - M. Raposo
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade dos Açores Ponta Delgada Açores
| | - M. Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade dos Açores Ponta Delgada Açores
| | - J. Vasconcelos
- Serviço de Neurologia Hospital do Divino Espirito Santo (HDES) Ponta Delgada Açores Portugal
| | - H. Fussiger
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
| | - G. N. Souza
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Médicas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
| | - N. Kersting
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Médicas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
| | - G. V. Furtado
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
| | - J. A. M. Saute
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Médicas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
- Serviço de Genética Médica Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
| | - S. A. Camey
- Departamento de Estatística Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - M. L. Saraiva‐Pereira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
- Serviço de Genética Médica Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
- Departamento de Bioquímica Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
| | - L. B. Jardim
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Médicas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
- Serviço de Genética Médica Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
- Departamento de Medicina Interna Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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30
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Yau WY, O'Connor E, Sullivan R, Akijian L, Wood NW. DNA repair in trinucleotide repeat ataxias. FEBS J 2018; 285:3669-3682. [PMID: 30152109 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The inherited cerebellar ataxias comprise of a genetic heterogeneous group of disorders. Pathogenic expansions of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) encoding polyglutamine tracts account for the largest proportion of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias, while GAA expansion in the first introns of frataxin gene is the commonest cause of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias. Currently, there is no available treatment to alter the disease trajectory, with devastating consequences for affected individuals. Inter- and Intrafamily phenotypic variability suggest the existence of genetic modifiers, which may become targets amendable to treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of DNA repair pathways in modifying spinocerebellar ataxia with CAG repeat expansions. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms in which DNA repair pathways, epigenetics and other genetic factors may act as modifiers in cerebellar ataxias due to trinucleotide repeat expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Yan Yau
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Emer O'Connor
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Roisin Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Layan Akijian
- Department of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Nicholas W Wood
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK.,Neurogenetics laboratory, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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31
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Zeitlberger A, Ging H, Nethisinghe S, Giunti P. Advances in the understanding of hereditary ataxia – implications for future patients. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2018.1444477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zeitlberger
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Heather Ging
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Suran Nethisinghe
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Paola Giunti
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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32
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Kuo PH, Gan SR, Wang J, Lo RY, Figueroa KP, Tomishon D, Pulst SM, Perlman S, Wilmot G, Gomez CM, Schmahmann JD, Paulson H, Shakkottai VG, Ying SH, Zesiewicz T, Bushara K, Geschwind MD, Xia G, Subramony SH, Ashizawa T, Kuo SH. Dystonia and ataxia progression in spinocerebellar ataxias. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017; 45:75-80. [PMID: 29089256 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dystonia is a common feature in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). Whether the presence of dystonia is associated with different rate of ataxia progression is not known. OBJECTIVES To study clinical characteristics and ataxia progression in SCAs with and without dystonia. METHODS We studied 334 participants with SCA 1, 2, 3 and 6 from the Clinical Research Consortium for Spinocerebellar Ataxias (CRC-SCA) and compared the clinical characteristics of SCAs with and without dystonia. We repeatedly measured ataxia progression by the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia every 6 months for 2 years. Regression models were employed to study the association between dystonia and ataxia progression after adjusting for age, sex and pathological CAG repeats. We used logistic regression to analyze the impact of different repeat expansion genes on dystonia in SCAs. RESULTS Dystonia was most commonly observed in SCA3, followed by SCA2, SCA1, and SCA6. Dystonia was associated with longer CAG repeats in SCA3. The CAG repeat number in TBP normal alleles appeared to modify the presence of dystonia in SCA1. The presence of dystonia was associated with higher SARA scores in SCA1, 2, and 3. Although relatively rare in SCA6, the presence of dystonia was associated with slower progression of ataxia. CONCLUSIONS The presence of dystonia is associated with greater severity of ataxia in SCA1, 2, and 3, but predictive of a slower progression in SCA6. Complex genetic interactions among repeat expansion genes can lead to diverse clinical symptoms and progression in SCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Rui Gan
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Raymond Y Lo
- Department of Neurology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Darya Tomishon
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Susan Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George Wilmot
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Sarah H Ying
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theresa Zesiewicz
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Khalaf Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Guangbin Xia
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - S H Subramony
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | | | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Figueroa KP, Coon H, Santos N, Velazquez L, Mederos LA, Pulst SM. Genetic analysis of age at onset variation in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2017; 3:e155. [PMID: 28534046 PMCID: PMC5432368 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine heritability of the residual variability of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) age at onset (AO) after controlling for CAG repeat length. Methods: From 1955 to 2001, dates of birth, CAG repeat lengths, AO, sex, familial inheritances, and clinical manifestations were collected for a large Cuban SCA2 cohort of 382 affected individuals, including 129 parent-child pairs and 69 sibships. Analyses were performed with log-transformed AO in the GENMOD procedure to predict AO using repeat length, taking into account family structure. Because all relationships were first degree, the model was implemented with an exchangeable correlation matrix. Familial correlations were estimated using the Pedigree Analysis Package to control for similarity due to genetic relatedness. Results: For the entire sample, the mutant CAG repeat allele explained 69% of AO variance. When adjusted for pedigree structure, this decreased to 50%. Evidence for imprinting or sex-specific effects of the CAG repeat on AO was not found. For the entire sample, we determined an upper bound for heritability of the residual variance of 33% (p = 0.008). Heritability was higher in sib-sib pairs, especially in female sib-sib pairs, than in parent-child pairs. Conclusions: We established that a large proportion of AO variance in SCA2 was determined by genetic modifiers in addition to CAG repeat length. The genetic structure of heritability of the residual AO variance was surprisingly similar to Huntington disease, suggesting the presence of recessive modifying alleles and possibly X-chromosome–linked modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Figueroa
- Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.-M.P.), Department of Psychiatry (H.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Surgery (N.S.), University of Miami, FL; and Center for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (L.V., L.A.M.), Holguin, Cuba
| | - Hilary Coon
- Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.-M.P.), Department of Psychiatry (H.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Surgery (N.S.), University of Miami, FL; and Center for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (L.V., L.A.M.), Holguin, Cuba
| | - Nieves Santos
- Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.-M.P.), Department of Psychiatry (H.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Surgery (N.S.), University of Miami, FL; and Center for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (L.V., L.A.M.), Holguin, Cuba
| | - Luis Velazquez
- Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.-M.P.), Department of Psychiatry (H.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Surgery (N.S.), University of Miami, FL; and Center for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (L.V., L.A.M.), Holguin, Cuba
| | - Luis Almaguer Mederos
- Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.-M.P.), Department of Psychiatry (H.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Surgery (N.S.), University of Miami, FL; and Center for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (L.V., L.A.M.), Holguin, Cuba
| | - Stefan-M Pulst
- Department of Neurology (K.P.F., S.-M.P.), Department of Psychiatry (H.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Surgery (N.S.), University of Miami, FL; and Center for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (L.V., L.A.M.), Holguin, Cuba
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Kuiper EFE, de Mattos EP, Jardim LB, Kampinga HH, Bergink S. Chaperones in Polyglutamine Aggregation: Beyond the Q-Stretch. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:145. [PMID: 28386214 PMCID: PMC5362620 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) stretches in at least nine unrelated proteins lead to inherited neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. The expansion size in all diseases correlates with age at onset (AO) of disease and with polyQ protein aggregation, indicating that the expanded polyQ stretch is the main driving force for the disease onset. Interestingly, there is marked interpatient variability in expansion thresholds for a given disease. Between different polyQ diseases the repeat length vs. AO also indicates the existence of modulatory effects on aggregation of the upstream and downstream amino acid sequences flanking the Q expansion. This can be either due to intrinsic modulation of aggregation by the flanking regions, or due to differential interaction with other proteins, such as the components of the cellular protein quality control network. Indeed, several lines of evidence suggest that molecular chaperones have impact on the handling of different polyQ proteins. Here, we review factors differentially influencing polyQ aggregation: the Q-stretch itself, modulatory flanking sequences, interaction partners, cleavage of polyQ-containing proteins, and post-translational modifications, with a special focus on the role of molecular chaperones. By discussing typical examples of how these factors influence aggregation, we provide more insight on the variability of AO between different diseases as well as within the same polyQ disorder, on the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F E Kuiper
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Eduardo P de Mattos
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura B Jardim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Harm H Kampinga
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Steven Bergink
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
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Ilg W, Fleszar Z, Schatton C, Hengel H, Harmuth F, Bauer P, Timmann D, Giese M, Schöls L, Synofzik M. Individual changes in preclinical spinocerebellar ataxia identified via increased motor complexity. Mov Disord 2016; 31:1891-1900. [PMID: 27782309 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Movement changes in autosomal-dominant spinocerebellar ataxias are suggested to occur many years before clinical manifestation. Detecting and quantifying these changes in the preclinical phase offers a window for future treatment interventions and allows the clinician to decipher the earliest dysfunctions starting the evolution of spinocerebellar ataxia. We hypothesized that quantitative movement analysis of complex stance and gait tasks allows to (i) reveal movement changes already at early stages of the preclinical phase when clinical ataxia signs are still absent and to (ii) quantify motor progression in this phase. METHODS A total of 46 participants (14 preclinical spinocerebellar ataxia mutation carriers [spinocerebellar ataxias 1,2,3,6], 9 spinocerebellar ataxia patients at an early stage; 23 healthy controls) were assessed by quantitative movement analyses of increasingly complex stance and walking tasks in a cross-sectional design. RESULTS Body sway in stance and spatiotemporal variability in tandem walking differentiated between preclinical mutation carriers and healthy controls (P < .01). Complex movement conditions allowed one to discriminate even those mutation carriers without any clinical signs in posture and gait (SARAposture&gait = 0; P < .04). Multivariate regression analysis categorized preclinical mutation carriers on a single-subject level with 100% accuracy within a range of 10 years to the estimated onset. Movement features in stance and gait correlated significantly with genetically estimated time to onset, indicating a gradual increase of motor changes with increasing proximity to disease manifestation. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence for subclinical motor changes in spinocerebellar ataxia, which allow to discriminate patients without clinical signs even on a single-subject basis and may help capture disease progression in the preclinical phase. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfried Ilg
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zofia Fleszar
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schatton
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger Hengel
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Centre of Neurology, Tübingen, Germany.,German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Harmuth
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Bauer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Giese
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Centre of Neurology, Tübingen, Germany.,German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Centre of Neurology, Tübingen, Germany.,German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Bhattacharyya KB, Pulai D, Guin DS, Ganguly G, Joardar A, Roy S, Rai S, Biswas A, Pandit A, Roy A, Senapati AK. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 in eastern India: Some new observations. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2016; 19:360-6. [PMID: 27570389 PMCID: PMC4980960 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.186823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are hereditary, autosomal dominant progressive neurodegenerative disorders showing clinical and genetic heterogeneity. They are usually manifested clinically in the third to fifth decade of life although there is a wide variability in the age of onset. More than 36 different types of SCAs have been reported so far and about half of them are caused by pathological expansion of the trinucleotide, Cytosine Alanine Guanine (CAG) repeat. The global prevalence of SCA is 0.3-2 per 100,000 population, SCA3 being the commonest variety worldwide, accounting for 20-50 per cent of all cases, though SCA 2 is generally considered as the commonest one in India. However, SCA6 has not been addressed adequately from India though it is common in the eastern Asian countries like, Japan, Korea and Thailand. Objective: The present study was undertaken to identify the prevalence of SCA6 in the city of Kolkata and the eastern part of India. Materials and Methods: 83 consecutive patients were recruited for the study of possible SCAs and their clinical features and genotype were investigated. Results: 6 of the 83 subjects turned out positive for SCA6, constituting therefore, 13.33% of the patient pool. Discussion: SCA6 is prevalent in the eastern part of India, though not as frequent as the other common varieties. Conclusions: Further community based studies are required in order to understand the magnitude of SCA6 in the eastern part, as well as in other regions of India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debabrata Pulai
- Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Deb Shankar Guin
- Department of Neuromedicine, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Goutam Ganguly
- Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anindita Joardar
- Department of Neurogenetics, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sarnava Roy
- Department of Neurogenetics, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saurabh Rai
- Department of Neuromedicine, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Atanu Biswas
- Department of Neuromedicine, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Alok Pandit
- Department of Neuromedicine, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arijit Roy
- Department of Neuromedicine, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Asit Kumar Senapati
- Department of Neuromedicine, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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37
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Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 in Israel: phenotype and genotype of a Jew Yemenite subpopulation. J Neurol 2016; 263:2207-2214. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bettencourt C, Hensman‐Moss D, Flower M, Wiethoff S, Brice A, Goizet C, Stevanin G, Koutsis G, Karadima G, Panas M, Yescas‐Gómez P, García‐Velázquez LE, Alonso‐Vilatela ME, Lima M, Raposo M, Traynor B, Sweeney M, Wood N, Giunti P, Durr A, Holmans P, Houlden H, Tabrizi SJ, Jones L. DNA repair pathways underlie a common genetic mechanism modulating onset in polyglutamine diseases. Ann Neurol 2016; 79:983-90. [PMID: 27044000 PMCID: PMC4914895 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The polyglutamine diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD) and multiple spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), are among the commonest hereditary neurodegenerative diseases. They are caused by expanded CAG tracts, encoding glutamine, in different genes. Longer CAG repeat tracts are associated with earlier ages at onset, but this does not account for all of the difference, and the existence of additional genetic modifying factors has been suggested in these diseases. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) in HD found association between age at onset and genetic variants in DNA repair pathways, and we therefore tested whether the modifying effects of variants in DNA repair genes have wider effects in the polyglutamine diseases. METHODS We assembled an independent cohort of 1,462 subjects with HD and polyglutamine SCAs, and genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from the most significant hits in the HD study. RESULTS In the analysis of DNA repair genes as a group, we found the most significant association with age at onset when grouping all polyglutamine diseases (HD+SCAs; p = 1.43 × 10(-5) ). In individual SNP analysis, we found significant associations for rs3512 in FAN1 with HD+SCAs (p = 1.52 × 10(-5) ) and all SCAs (p = 2.22 × 10(-4) ) and rs1805323 in PMS2 with HD+SCAs (p = 3.14 × 10(-5) ), all in the same direction as in the HD GWAS. INTERPRETATION We show that DNA repair genes significantly modify age at onset in HD and SCAs, suggesting a common pathogenic mechanism, which could operate through the observed somatic expansion of repeats that can be modulated by genetic manipulation of DNA repair in disease models. This offers novel therapeutic opportunities in multiple diseases. Ann Neurol 2016;79:983-990.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conceição Bettencourt
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondon WC1N 3BGUnited Kingdom
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondon WC1N 3BGUnited Kingdom
| | - Davina Hensman‐Moss
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondon WC1N 3BGUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael Flower
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondon WC1N 3BGUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah Wiethoff
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondon WC1N 3BGUnited Kingdom
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchEberhard‐Karls‐UniversityTübingenGermany
| | - Alexis Brice
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne UniversitésUPMC University Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM)ParisFrance
- APHP, Department of GeneticsUniversity Hospital Pitié‐Salpêtrière75013 ParisFrance
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Université Bordeaux, Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et MétabolismeINSERM1211BordeauxFrance
- CHU Pellegrin, Service de Génétique Médicale, F‐33000BordeauxFrance
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne UniversitésUPMC University Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM)ParisFrance
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes75014 ParisFrance
| | - Georgios Koutsis
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of NeurologyUniversity of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital115 28 AthensGreece
| | - Georgia Karadima
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of NeurologyUniversity of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital115 28 AthensGreece
| | - Marios Panas
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of NeurologyUniversity of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital115 28 AthensGreece
| | - Petra Yescas‐Gómez
- Neurogenetics Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery“Manuel Velasco Suárez”Mexico City CP14269Mexico
| | | | - María Elisa Alonso‐Vilatela
- Neurogenetics Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery“Manuel Velasco Suárez”Mexico City CP14269Mexico
| | - Manuela Lima
- Department of BiologyUniversity of the Azores9500‐321 Ponta DelgadaPortugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do Porto4150‐180 PortoPortugal
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC)University of Porto4150‐180 PortoPortugal
| | - Mafalda Raposo
- Department of BiologyUniversity of the Azores9500‐321 Ponta DelgadaPortugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do Porto4150‐180 PortoPortugal
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC)University of Porto4150‐180 PortoPortugal
| | - Bryan Traynor
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of AgingNIHBethesdaMD 20892, USA
| | - Mary Sweeney
- Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity College London HospitalsLondon WC1N 3BGUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Wood
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondon WC1N 3BGUnited Kingdom
| | - Paola Giunti
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondon WC1N 3BGUnited Kingdom
- Ataxia Center, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondon WC1N 3BGUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Alexandra Durr
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne UniversitésUPMC University Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM)ParisFrance
- APHP, Department of GeneticsUniversity Hospital Pitié‐Salpêtrière75013 ParisFrance
| | - Peter Holmans
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF24 4HQUnited Kingdom
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondon WC1N 3BGUnited Kingdom
- Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity College London HospitalsLondon WC1N 3BGUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah J. Tabrizi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondon WC1N 3BGUnited Kingdom
| | - Lesley Jones
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF24 4HQUnited Kingdom
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Pulido-Valdeolivas I, Gómez-Andrés D, Sanz-Gallego I, Rausell E, Arpa J. Patterns of motor signs in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 at the start of follow-up in a reference unit. CEREBELLUM & ATAXIAS 2016; 3:4. [PMID: 26909158 PMCID: PMC4763420 DOI: 10.1186/s40673-016-0042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the cerebellar system and other subcortical regions of the brain. As for other cerebellar diseases, the severity of this type of ataxia can be assessed with the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) which gives a total score that reflects functional impairment out of 8 cerebellar function tests. SCA3 patients score profile is heterogeneous on at the start of follow up. This study investigates possible patterns in those profiles and analyses the impact of other usually concurrent signs of impairment of extracerebellar motor systems in that profile variability by means of multivariate statistical approaches. Methods Seventeen patients with SCA3 underwent systematic anamnesis, neurological and SARA assessment, visual evaluation of 123I-Ioflupane (DaTSCAN) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and electrophysiological studies (nerve conduction and electromyography). Patterns in the profiles of SARA item scores were investigated by hierarchical clustering after multivariate correspondence analysis. A network analysis was used to represent relationships between SARA item scores, clinical, genetic and neurological examination parameters as well as abnormalities of DaTSCAN SPECT imaging and electrophysiological studies. Results The most frequently altered SARA items in all patients are gait and stance, and three profiles of SCA3 patients can be distinguished depending mainly on their degree of impairment in those two items. Other SARA items like the score on heel-shin slide contribute less to the classification. Network analysis shows that SARA item scores configure a single domain that is independent of the size of the mutated expanded allele and age of onset, which are, in turn closely and inversely correlated. The severity of cerebellar dysfunction is correlated with longer disease duration, altered visual evaluation of DaTSCAN SPECT imaging and decreased patellar reflexes. Neither the presence of pyramidal or extrapyramidal signs nor the intensity of polyneuropathy is correlated with the SARA items scores. Conclusions Pattern recognition approaches are useful tools to describe clinical phenotypes of ataxias and to identify particular configurations of cerebellar signs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40673-016-0042-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain ; Trastornos del Desarrollo y Maduración Neurológica (TRADESMA), IdiPaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain ; Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Gómez-Andrés
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain ; Trastornos del Desarrollo y Maduración Neurológica (TRADESMA), IdiPaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain ; Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Estrella Rausell
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain ; Trastornos del Desarrollo y Maduración Neurológica (TRADESMA), IdiPaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Arpa
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Spinocerebellar ataxias in Venezuela: genetic epidemiology and their most likely ethnic descent. J Hum Genet 2015; 61:215-22. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Long-term disease progression in spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, 3, and 6: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2015; 14:1101-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chen S, Gan SR, Cai PP, Ni W, Zhou Q, Dong Y, Wang N, Wu ZY. Mitochondrial NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 3 Polymorphism Associated with an Earlier Age at Onset in Male Machado-Joseph disease Patients. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 22:38-42. [PMID: 26336829 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the potential effect of six previously reported candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms on age at onset (AAO) among Chinese patients with Machado-Joseph disease (MJD). METHODS Three hundred and twenty-four unrelated molecular-confirmed MJD patients were recruited between January 2006 and December 2014. The screening of candidate polymorphisms was first performed in 173 subjects using the SNaPshot(®) Multiplex System. The mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (MT-ND3) polymorphism 10398A>G (rs2853826) was further verified with Sanger sequencing in additional 151 patients. RESULTS An inverse correlation was found between expanded CAG repeat length and AAO. The expanded CAG repeat length can explain 63% of AAO variance. The 10398A polymorphism was significantly associated with a 3-year earlier AAO in male patients with MJD (P = 0.001). Stepwise multiple regressions revealed that the 10398A polymorphism could account for nearly 2% of AAO variance in male patients. CONCLUSION Six candidate SNPs have been screened in Chinese patients with MJD. A remarkable earlier AAO was noted in male Chinese MJD patients with MT-ND3 gene 10398A polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Rui Gan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping-Ping Cai
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wang Ni
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Li X, Liu H, Fischhaber PL, Tang TS. Toward therapeutic targets for SCA3: Insight into the role of Machado-Joseph disease protein ataxin-3 in misfolded proteins clearance. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 132:34-58. [PMID: 26123252 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD, also known as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, SCA3), an autosomal dominant neurological disorder, is caused by an abnormal expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat in the ataxin-3 protein. The length of the expanded polyQ stretch correlates positively with the severity of the disease and inversely with the age at onset. To date, we cannot fully explain the mechanism underlying neurobiological abnormalities of this disease. Yet, accumulating reports have demonstrated the functions of ataxin-3 protein in the chaperone system, ubiquitin-proteasome system, and aggregation-autophagy, all of which suggest a role of ataxin-3 in the clearance of misfolded proteins. Notably, the SCA3 pathogenic form of ataxin-3 (ataxin-3(exp)) impairs the misfolded protein clearance via mechanisms that are either dependent or independent of its deubiquitinase (DUB) activity, resulting in the accumulation of misfolded proteins and the progressive loss of neurons in SCA3. Some drugs, which have been used as activators/inducers in the chaperone system, ubiquitin-proteasome system, and aggregation-autophagy, have been demonstrated to be efficacious in the relief of neurodegeneration diseases like Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's (PD), Alzheimer's (AD) as well as SCA3 in animal models and clinical trials, putting misfolded protein clearance on the list of potential therapeutic targets. Here, we undertake a comprehensive review of the progress in understanding the physiological functions of ataxin-3 in misfolded protein clearance and how the polyQ expansion impairs misfolded protein clearance. We then detail the preclinical studies targeting the elimination of misfolded proteins for SCA3 treatment. We close with future considerations for translating these pre-clinical results into therapies for SCA3 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Paula L Fischhaber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8262, USA.
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Dansithong W, Paul S, Figueroa KP, Rinehart MD, Wiest S, Pflieger LT, Scoles DR, Pulst SM. Ataxin-2 regulates RGS8 translation in a new BAC-SCA2 transgenic mouse model. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005182. [PMID: 25902068 PMCID: PMC4406435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is an autosomal dominant disorder with progressive degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) and other neurons caused by expansion of a glutamine (Q) tract in the ATXN2 protein. We generated BAC transgenic lines in which the full-length human ATXN2 gene was transcribed using its endogenous regulatory machinery. Mice with the ATXN2 BAC transgene with an expanded CAG repeat (BAC-Q72) developed a progressive cellular and motor phenotype, whereas BAC mice expressing wild-type human ATXN2 (BAC-Q22) were indistinguishable from control mice. Expression analysis of laser-capture microdissected (LCM) fractions and regional expression confirmed that the BAC transgene was expressed in PCs and in other neuronal groups such as granule cells (GCs) and neurons in deep cerebellar nuclei as well as in spinal cord. Transcriptome analysis by deep RNA-sequencing revealed that BAC-Q72 mice had progressive changes in steady-state levels of specific mRNAs including Rgs8, one of the earliest down-regulated transcripts in the Pcp2-ATXN2[Q127] mouse line. Consistent with LCM analysis, transcriptome changes analyzed by deep RNA-sequencing were not restricted to PCs, but were also seen in transcripts enriched in GCs such as Neurod1. BAC-Q72, but not BAC-Q22 mice had reduced Rgs8 mRNA levels and even more severely reduced steady-state protein levels. Using RNA immunoprecipitation we showed that ATXN2 interacted selectively with RGS8 mRNA. This interaction was impaired when ATXN2 harbored an expanded polyglutamine. Mutant ATXN2 also reduced RGS8 expression in an in vitro coupled translation assay when compared with equal expression of wild-type ATXN2-Q22. Reduced abundance of Rgs8 in Pcp2-ATXN2[Q127] and BAC-Q72 mice supports our observations of a hyper-excitable mGluR1-ITPR1 signaling axis in SCA2, as RGS proteins are linked to attenuating mGluR1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warunee Dansithong
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Sharan Paul
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Karla P. Figueroa
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Marc D. Rinehart
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Shaina Wiest
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Lance T. Pflieger
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Scoles
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Stefan M. Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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Two novel SNPs in ATXN3 3' UTR may decrease age at onset of SCA3/MJD in Chinese patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117488. [PMID: 25689313 PMCID: PMC4331546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), or Machado—Joseph disease (MJD), is an autosomal dominantly-inherited disease that produces progressive problems with movement. It is caused by the expansion of an area of CAG repeats in a coding region of ATXN3. The number of repeats is inversely associated with age at disease onset (AO) and is significantly associated with disease severity; however, the degree of CAG expansion only explains 50 to 70% of variance in AO. We tested two SNPs, rs709930 and rs910369, in the 3’ UTR of ATXN3 gene for association with SCA3/MJD risk and with SCA3/MJD AO in an independent cohort of 170 patients with SCA3/MJD and 200 healthy controls from mainland China. rs709930 genotype frequencies were statistically significantly different between patients and controls (p = 0.001, α = 0.05). SCA3/MJD patients carrying the rs709930 A allele and rs910369 T allele experienced an earlier onset, with a decrease in AO of approximately 2 to 4 years. The two novel SNPs found in this study might be genetic modifiers for AO in SCA3/MJD.
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Zhou Q, Ni W, Dong Y, Wang N, Gan SR, Wu ZY. The role of apolipoprotein E as a risk factor for an earlier age at onset for Machado-Joseph disease is doubtful. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111356. [PMID: 25369462 PMCID: PMC4219713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the ATXN3 gene. Although the principal genetic determinant of the age at onset (AAO) is the length of the expanded CAG repeat, the additional genetic contribution of MJD toward the AAO has mostly not yet been clarified. It was recently suggested in two independent studies that apolipoprotein E (APOE) might be associated with AAO variability in MJD patients. To identify the potential modifier effect of APOE polymorphisms on the AAO of MJD patients, 403 patients with MJD (confirmed by molecular tests) from eastern and southeastern China were enrolled in the present study. CAG repeats in the ATXN3 and APOE polymorphisms were genotyped. Data were analyzed using a statistical package. No contribution of APOE polymorphisms to the variance in disease onset was observed using ANCOVA (F = 0.183, P = 0.947). However, significant effects on the AAO of MJD were found for the normal ATXN3 allele and for the interaction of mutant and normal ATXN3 alleles in a multiple linear regression model (P = 0.043 and P = 0.035, respectively). Our study does not support a role for APOE as a genetic modifier of the AAO of MJD. Additionally, our study presents evidence that the normal ATXN3 allele and its interaction with mutant alleles contribute toward AAO variance in MJD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wang Ni
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shi-Rui Gan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- * E-mail: (SRG); (ZYW)
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (SRG); (ZYW)
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Kumaran D, Balagopal K, Tharmaraj RGA, Aaron S, George K, Muliyil J, Sivadasan A, Danda S, Alexander M, Hasan G. Genetic characterization of Spinocerebellar ataxia 1 in a South Indian cohort. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:114. [PMID: 25344417 PMCID: PMC4411758 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-014-0114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a late onset autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, caused by CAG triplet repeat expansion in the ATXN1 gene. The frequency of SCA1 occurrence is more in Southern India than in other regions as observed from hospital-based studies. However there are no reports on variability of CAG repeat expansion, phenotype-genotype association and founder mutations in a homogenous population from India. Methods Genomic DNA isolated from buccal mouthwash of the individuals in the cohort was used for PCR-based diagnosis of SCA1. Subsequently SNP’s found within the ATXN1 loci were identified by Taqman allelic discrimination assays. Significance testing of the genotype-phenotype associations was calculated by Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test with post-hoc Dunnett’s test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results By genetic analysis of an affected population in Southern India we identified 21 pre-symptomatic individuals including four that were well past the average age of disease onset of 44 years, 16 symptomatic and 63 normal individuals. All pre-symptomatic cases harbor “pure” expansions of greater than 40 CAGs. Genotyping to test for the presence of two previously identified SNPs showed a founder effect of the same repeat carrying allele as in the general Indian population. We show that SCA1 disease onset is significantly delayed when transmission of the disease is maternal. Conclusions Our finding of early disease onset in individuals with a paternally inherited allele could serve as valuable information for clinicians towards early detection of SCA1 in patients with affected fathers. Identification of older pre-symptomatic individuals (n = 4) in our cohort among individuals with a shared genetic and environmental background, suggests that second site genetic or epigenetic modifiers might significantly affect SCA1 disease progression. Moreover, such undetected SCA1 cases could underscore the true prevalence of SCA1 in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Kumaran
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. .,Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - Krishnan Balagopal
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - Sanjith Aaron
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kuryan George
- Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jayaprakash Muliyil
- Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ajith Sivadasan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sumita Danda
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mathew Alexander
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gaiti Hasan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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Modifiers of (CAG)n instability in Machado–Joseph disease (MJD/SCA3) transmissions: an association study with DNA replication, repair and recombination genes. Hum Genet 2014; 133:1311-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tezenas du Montcel S, Durr A, Bauer P, Figueroa KP, Ichikawa Y, Brussino A, Forlani S, Rakowicz M, Schöls L, Mariotti C, van de Warrenburg BPC, Orsi L, Giunti P, Filla A, Szymanski S, Klockgether T, Berciano J, Pandolfo M, Boesch S, Melegh B, Timmann D, Mandich P, Camuzat A, Goto J, Ashizawa T, Cazeneuve C, Tsuji S, Pulst SM, Brusco A, Riess O, Brice A, Stevanin G. Modulation of the age at onset in spinocerebellar ataxia by CAG tracts in various genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:2444-55. [PMID: 24972706 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine-coding (CAG)n repeat expansions in seven different genes cause spinocerebellar ataxias. Although the size of the expansion is negatively correlated with age at onset, it accounts for only 50-70% of its variability. To find other factors involved in this variability, we performed a regression analysis in 1255 affected individuals with identified expansions (spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7), recruited through the European Consortium on Spinocerebellar Ataxias, to determine whether age at onset is influenced by the size of the normal allele in eight causal (CAG)n-containing genes (ATXN1-3, 6-7, 17, ATN1 and HTT). We confirmed the negative effect of the expanded allele and detected threshold effects reflected by a quadratic association between age at onset and CAG size in spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 3 and 6. We also evidenced an interaction between the expanded and normal alleles in trans in individuals with spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 6 and 7. Except for individuals with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, age at onset was also influenced by other (CAG)n-containing genes: ATXN7 in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2; ATXN2, ATN1 and HTT in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3; ATXN1 and ATXN3 in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6; and ATXN3 and TBP in spinocerebellar ataxia type 7. This suggests that there are biological relationships among these genes. The results were partially replicated in four independent populations representing 460 Caucasians and 216 Asian samples; the differences are possibly explained by ethnic or geographical differences. As the variability in age at onset is not completely explained by the effects of the causative and modifier sister genes, other genetic or environmental factors must also play a role in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tezenas du Montcel
- 1 Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F-75013, Paris, France2 INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F-75013, Paris, France3 AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Biostatistics Unit, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- 4 AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Genetics and Cytogenetics, F-75013, Paris, France5 Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Peter Bauer
- 6 Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- 7 Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Yaeko Ichikawa
- 8 Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alessandro Brussino
- 9 University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, and Medical Genetics Unit, Az. Osp. 'Città della Salute e della Scienza', Torino, Italy
| | - Sylvie Forlani
- 5 Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Maria Rakowicz
- 10 Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology Warsaw, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ludger Schöls
- 11 Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany12 German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- 13 SOSD Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Bart P C van de Warrenburg
- 14 Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radbound University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Orsi
- 15 Neurologic Division I, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Giunti
- 16 Institute of Neurology, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Filla
- 17 Department of Neurological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Sandra Szymanski
- 18 Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - José Berciano
- 20 Department of Neurology, University Hospital 'Marqués de Valdecilla', UC, IDIVAL and CIBERNED, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Massimo Pandolfo
- 21 Department of Neurology, ULB-Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 231, Campus Plaine, ULB, Brusssels, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- 22 Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bela Melegh
- 23 Department of Medical Genetics, and Szentagothai Research Centre, University Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- 24 Department of Neurology, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Paola Mandich
- 25 Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genova, and U.O. Medical Genetics of IRCCS AOU S. Martino Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Agnès Camuzat
- 5 Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jun Goto
- 8 Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- 26 Department of Neurology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Cécile Cazeneuve
- 4 AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Genetics and Cytogenetics, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- 8 Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefan-M Pulst
- 7 Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- 9 University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, and Medical Genetics Unit, Az. Osp. 'Città della Salute e della Scienza', Torino, Italy
| | - Olaf Riess
- 6 Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexis Brice
- 4 AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Genetics and Cytogenetics, F-75013, Paris, France5 Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- 4 AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Genetics and Cytogenetics, F-75013, Paris, France5 Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France27 Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, heSam Université, laboratoire de neurogénétique, ICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
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Tezenas du Montcel S, Durr A, Rakowicz M, Nanetti L, Charles P, Sulek A, Mariotti C, Rola R, Schols L, Bauer P, Dufaure-Garé I, Jacobi H, Forlani S, Schmitz-Hübsch T, Filla A, Timmann D, van de Warrenburg BP, Marelli C, Kang JS, Giunti P, Cook A, Baliko L, Melegh B, Bela M, Boesch S, Szymanski S, Berciano J, Infante J, Buerk K, Masciullo M, Di Fabio R, Depondt C, Ratka S, Stevanin G, Klockgether T, Brice A, Golmard JL. Prediction of the age at onset in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, 2, 3 and 6. J Med Genet 2014; 51:479-86. [PMID: 24780882 PMCID: PMC4078703 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA)--SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, and SCA6--are caused by (CAG)n repeat expansion. While the number of repeats of the coding (CAG)n expansions is correlated with the age at onset, there are no appropriate models that include both affected and preclinical carriers allowing for the prediction of age at onset. METHODS We combined data from two major European cohorts of SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, and SCA6 mutation carriers: 1187 affected individuals from the EUROSCA registry and 123 preclinical individuals from the RISCA cohort. For each SCA genotype, a regression model was fitted using a log-normal distribution for age at onset with the repeat length of the alleles as covariates. From these models, we calculated expected age at onset from birth and conditionally that this age is greater than the current age. RESULTS For SCA2 and SCA3 genotypes, the expanded allele was a significant predictor of age at onset (-0.105±0.005 and -0.056±0.003) while for SCA1 and SCA6 genotypes both the size of the expanded and normal alleles were significant (expanded: -0.049±0.002 and -0.090±0.009, respectively; normal: +0.013±0.005 and -0.029±0.010, respectively). According to the model, we indicated the median values (90% critical region) and the expectancy (SD) of the predicted age at onset for each SCA genotype according to the CAG repeat size and current age. CONCLUSIONS These estimations can be valuable in clinical and research. However, results need to be confirmed in other independent cohorts and in future longitudinal studies. CLINICALTRIALSGOV, NUMBER NCT01037777 and NCT00136630 for the French patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tezenas du Montcel
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, ER4, Modelling in Clinical Research, Paris, France Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, AP-HP, Hopitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpétrière Charles-Foix, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, UMR-S975, Paris, France Inserm, U975, Paris, France Cnrs, UMR 7225, Paris, France Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, AP-HP, Hopitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpétrière Charles-Foix, Paris, France
| | - Maria Rakowicz
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lorenzo Nanetti
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Perrine Charles
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, UMR-S975, Paris, France Inserm, U975, Paris, France Cnrs, UMR 7225, Paris, France Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, AP-HP, Hopitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpétrière Charles-Foix, Paris, France
| | - Anna Sulek
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Rafal Rola
- First Department of Neurology Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ludger Schols
- Department of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany German Center for Neurodgenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Bauer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Heike Jacobi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sylvie Forlani
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, UMR-S975, Paris, France Inserm, U975, Paris, France Cnrs, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bart P van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cecila Marelli
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, UMR-S975, Paris, France Inserm, U975, Paris, France Cnrs, UMR 7225, Paris, France Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, AP-HP, Hopitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpétrière Charles-Foix, Paris, France Departement of Neurology, University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Jun-Suk Kang
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Paola Giunti
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL London, UK
| | - Arron Cook
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL London, UK
| | - Laszlo Baliko
- Department of Medical Genetics, Szentagothai Research Center, University Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Melegh Bela
- Department of Medical Genetics, Szentagothai Research Center, University Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sandra Szymanski
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - José Berciano
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IFIMAV)", University of Cantabria, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Santander, Spain
| | - Jon Infante
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IFIMAV)", University of Cantabria, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Santander, Spain
| | - Katrin Buerk
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Roberto Di Fabio
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chantal Depondt
- Department of Neurology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Susanne Ratka
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, Centers of Molecular Physiology of the Brain and Neurological Medicine, University Hospital of Göttingen, Göttingen
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, UMR-S975, Paris, France Inserm, U975, Paris, France Cnrs, UMR 7225, Paris, France Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, AP-HP, Hopitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpétrière Charles-Foix, Paris, France Laboratoire de Neurogenetique, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany German Center for Neurodgenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexis Brice
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, UMR-S975, Paris, France Inserm, U975, Paris, France Cnrs, UMR 7225, Paris, France Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, AP-HP, Hopitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpétrière Charles-Foix, Paris, France Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Golmard
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, ER4, Modelling in Clinical Research, Paris, France Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, AP-HP, Hopitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpétrière Charles-Foix, Paris, France
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