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Belozor OS, Vasilev A, Mileiko AG, Mosina LD, Mikhailov IG, Ox DA, Boitsova EB, Shuvaev AN, Teschemacher AG, Kasparov S, Shuvaev AN. Memantine suppresses the excitotoxicity but fails to rescue the ataxic phenotype in SCA1 model mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116526. [PMID: 38574621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder of the cerebellum and brainstem. Memantine has been proposed as a potential treatment for SCA1. It blocks N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors on neurons, reduces excitotoxicity and decreases neurodegeneration in Alzheimer models. However, in cerebellar neurodegenerative diseases, the potential value of memantine is still unclear. We investigated the effects of memantine on motor performance and synaptic transmission in the cerebellum in a mouse model where mutant ataxin 1 is specifically targeted to glia. Lentiviral vectors (LVV) were used to express mutant ataxin 1 selectively in Bergmann glia (BG). In mice transduced with the mutant ataxin 1, chronic treatment with memantine improved motor activity during initial tests, presumably due to preserved BG and Purkinje cell (PC) morphology and numbers. However, mice were unable to improve their rota rod scores during next days of training. Memantine also compromised improvement in the rota rod scores in control mice upon repetitive training. These effects may be due to the effects of memantine on plasticity (LTD suppression) and NMDA receptor modulation. Some effects of chronically administered memantine persisted even after its wash-out from brain slices. Chronic memantine reduced morphological signs of neurodegeneration in the cerebellum of SCA1 model mice. This resulted in an apparent initial reduction of ataxic phenotype, but memantine also affected cerebellar plasticity and ultimately compromised motor learning. We speculate that that clinical application of memantine in SCA1 might be hampered by its ability to suppress NMDA-dependent plasticity in cerebellar cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Belozor
- Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Partizan Zheleznyak st. 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Alex Vasilev
- JSC «BIOCAD», Svyazi str. 34-A, Strelna, Saint-Petersburg 198515, Russia
| | | | - Lyudmila D Mosina
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny pr., 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Ilya G Mikhailov
- Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Partizan Zheleznyak st. 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Svobodny pr., 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Darius A Ox
- Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Partizan Zheleznyak st. 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Svobodny pr., 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Elizaveta B Boitsova
- Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Partizan Zheleznyak st. 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Andrey N Shuvaev
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny pr., 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Anja G Teschemacher
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sergey Kasparov
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anton N Shuvaev
- Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Partizan Zheleznyak st. 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Svobodny pr., 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
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van Prooije T, Knuijt S, Oostveen J, Kapteijns K, Vogel AP, van de Warrenburg B. Perceptual and Acoustic Analysis of Speech in Spinocerebellar ataxia Type 1. Cerebellum 2024; 23:112-120. [PMID: 36633828 PMCID: PMC10864471 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study characterizes the speech phenotype of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) using both perceptual and objective acoustic analysis of speech in a cohort of SCA1 patients. Twenty-seven symptomatic SCA1 patients in various disease stages (SARA score range: 3-32 points) and 18 sex and age matched healthy controls underwent a clinical assessment addressing ataxia severity, non-ataxia signs, cognitive functioning, and speech. Speech samples were perceptually rated by trained speech therapists, and acoustic metrics representing speech timing, vocal control, and voice quality were extracted. Perceptual analysis revealed reduced intelligibility and naturalness in speech samples of SCA1 patients. Acoustically, SCA1 patients presented with slower speech rate and diadochokinetic rate as well as longer syllable duration compared to healthy controls. No distinct abnormalities in voice quality in the acoustic analysis were detected at group level. Both the affected perceptual and acoustic variables correlated with ataxia severity. Longitudinal assessment of speech is needed to place changes in speech in the context of disease progression and potential response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teije van Prooije
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simone Knuijt
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Judith Oostveen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Kapteijns
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Adam P Vogel
- Centre for Neuroscience of Speech, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
- Redenlab Inc., Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bart van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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Takeda S, Idzuchi S, Mizuta K. Anesthetic Management of a Patient With Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1. Anesth Prog 2023; 70:194-195. [PMID: 38221696 DOI: 10.2344/anpr-70-03-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is one of the autosomal dominant spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD) diseases characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, muscle atrophy, and peripheral neuropathy. We report the management of a 43-year-old man with SCA1 who underwent general anesthesia for open reduction and internal fixation of a mandibular fracture. Although anesthesia-induced vocal cord paralysis has been reported in patients with SCD, nasotracheal intubation was performed uneventfully with video laryngoscope. After taking into consideration the increased risk of postoperative respiratory depression in patients with SCD, rocuronium dosing was titrated carefully, and fentanyl was not used during surgery. Preparation for an anticipated difficult airway and avoiding significant respiratory depression are crucial when providing general anesthesia for patients with SCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Takeda
- Division of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sumire Idzuchi
- Division of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mizuta
- Division of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Shao YR, Yu JY, Ma Y, Dong Y, Wu ZY. CAT Interruption as a Protective Factor in Chinese Patients with Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1. Cerebellum 2023:10.1007/s12311-023-01586-6. [PMID: 37491649 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is the third most common type of spinocerebellar ataxias in China. CAT interruptions in the pathogenic alleles of SCA1 patients had only been reported by limited documents and there was a lack of data based on the Chinese population. In this study, we detected CAT interrupted pathogenic alleles in SCA1 patients from 4 out of 79 (5.1%) Chinese families. Their total CAG repeats were larger (median 58 vs. 47, p < 0.001) but ages at onset were later (median 46 vs. 38, p = 0.020). The longest uninterrupted CAG repeats could explain 65.4% of the AAO variance, making an increase of 28.0% compared to the total CAG repeats. The interruption pattern was greatly different between Chinese cohort and Caucasian cohort, indicating the effect of race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Shao
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in the Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jin-Yang Yu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in the Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yin Ma
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in the Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in the Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in the Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Kerkhof LMC, van de Warrenburg BPC, van Roon-Mom WMC, Buijsen RAM. Therapeutic Strategies for Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050788. [PMID: 37238658 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder that affects one or two individuals per 100,000. The disease is caused by an extended CAG repeat in exon 8 of the ATXN1 gene and is characterized mostly by a profound loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells, leading to disturbances in coordination, balance, and gait. At present, no curative treatment is available for SCA1. However, increasing knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of SCA1 has led the way towards several therapeutic strategies that can potentially slow disease progression. SCA1 therapeutics can be classified as genetic, pharmacological, and cell replacement therapies. These different therapeutic strategies target either the (mutant) ATXN1 RNA or the ataxin-1 protein, pathways that play an important role in downstream SCA1 disease mechanisms or which help restore cells that are lost due to SCA1 pathology. In this review, we will provide a summary of the different therapeutic strategies that are currently being investigated for SCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie M C Kerkhof
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Dutch Center for RNA Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart P C van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willeke M C van Roon-Mom
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Dutch Center for RNA Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald A M Buijsen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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van Prooije T, Ruigrok S, van den Berkmortel N, Maas RPPWM, Wijn S, van Roon-Mom WMC, van de Warrenburg B, Grutters JPC. The potential value of disease-modifying therapy in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1: an early health economic modeling study. J Neurol 2023:10.1007/s00415-023-11704-3. [PMID: 37076599 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There currently is no disease-modifying therapy for spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). Genetic interventions, such as RNA-based therapies, are being developed but those currently available are very expensive. Early evaluation of costs and benefits is, therefore, crucial. By developing a health economic model, we aimed to provide first insights into the potential cost-effectiveness of RNA-based therapies for SCA1 in the Netherlands. METHODS We simulated disease progression of individuals with SCA1 using a patient-level state-transition model. Five hypothetical treatment strategies with different start and endpoints and level of effectiveness (5-50% reduction in disease progression) were evaluated. Consequences of each strategy were measured in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), survival, healthcare costs, and maximum costs to be cost effective. RESULTS Most QALYs (6.68) are gained when therapy starts during the pre-ataxic stage and continues during the entire disease course. Incremental costs are lowest (- €14,048) if therapy is stopped when the severe ataxia stage is reached. The maximum costs per year to be cost-effective are €19,630 in the "stop after moderate ataxia stage" strategy at 50% effectiveness. DISCUSSION Our model indicates that the maximum price for a hypothetical therapy to be cost-effective is considerably lower than currently available RNA-based therapies. Most value for money can be gained by slowing progression in the early and moderate stages of SCA1 and by stopping therapy upon entering the severe ataxia stage. To allow for such a strategy, it is crucial to identify individuals in early stages of disease, preferably just before symptom onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teije van Prooije
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Ruigrok
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels van den Berkmortel
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick P P W M Maas
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stan Wijn
- Department of Operating Rooms, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bart van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Janneke P C Grutters
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Jin Y, Nan G. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC)line CJUHi001-A derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1(SCA1) the CAG repeat mutation in ATXN1 gene. Stem Cell Res 2023; 66:102975. [PMID: 36459834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG repeat mutations in the ATXN1 gene. In this study, we generated an induced pluripotent stem cell line (iPSC) by using non-integrating Sendai virus (SeV) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)of SCA1 patient harboring a CAG repeat mutation in the ATXN1 gene. The induced patient-specific iPSC line with a normal karyotype and expresses pluripotent markers, it also shows differentiation totipotency and tridermogenesis in vitro. It may be an excellent model for studying spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) in vitro and will be beneficial for studying SCA1 pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshi Jin
- Second Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Guangxian Nan
- Second Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
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Contaldi E, Sensi M, Colucci F, Capone JG, Braccia A, Nocilla MR, Diozzi E, Contini E, Pelizzari AC, Tugnoli V. Electrophysiological and neuropsychological assessment of cognition in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 patients: a pilot study. Neurol Sci 2023. [PMID: 36639526 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Event-related potentials (ERPs) reflect cognitive processing: negative early components (N100, N200) are involved in the sensory and perceptual processing of a stimulus, whereas late positive component P300 requires conscious attention. Both neuropsychological and affective disorders are present in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), but the underlying mechanisms need further clarification. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this pilot study, we assessed cognitive processing by recording auditory ERPs in 16 consecutive SCA1 patients and 16 healthy controls (HC) matched for age and sex. Motor and nonmotor symptoms were evaluated using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and an extensive neuropsychological battery. ERPs were recorded using an oddball paradigm, and peak latency and amplitude of N100, N200, and P300 were measured in the averaged responses to target tones. RESULTS We found in SCA1 significantly increased latencies of N200 and P300 (p=0.033, p=0.007) and decreased amplitudes of N100 and P300 (p=0.024, p=0.038) compared with HC. Furthermore, P300 latency had the highest AUC in the discrimination of SCA1 in ROC analysis. The expansion of trinucleotide repeats correlated with P300 latency (r=-0.607, p=0.048), whereas both P300 and N100 amplitudes correlated with the severity of motor symptoms (r=-0.692, p=0.003; r=-0.621; p=0.010). Significant correlations between P300 latency and the scores of Emotion Attribution Task (r=-0.633, p=0.027), as well as between N200 latency and the scores of Frontal Assessment Battery and Stroop test (r=-0.520, p=0.047; r=0.538, p=0.039), were observed. CONCLUSIONS This research provides for the first time an extensive characterization of ERPs as useful electrophysiological markers to identify early cognitive dysfunction in SCA1.
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Olmos V, Gogia N, Luttik K, Haidery F, Lim J. The extra-cerebellar effects of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1): looking beyond the cerebellum. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:404. [PMID: 35802260 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is one of nine polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases and is characterized as an adult late-onset, progressive, dominantly inherited genetic disease. SCA1 is caused by an increase in the number of CAG repeats in the ATXN1 gene leading to an expanded polyQ tract in the ATAXIN-1 protein. ATAXIN-1 is broadly expressed throughout the brain. However, until recently, SCA1 research has primarily centered on the cerebellum, given the characteristic cerebellar Purkinje cell loss observed in patients, as well as the progressive motor deficits, including gait and limb incoordination, that SCA1 patients present with. There are, however, also other symptoms such as respiratory problems, cognitive defects and memory impairment, anxiety, and depression observed in SCA1 patients and mouse models, which indicate that there are extra-cerebellar effects of SCA1 that cannot be explained solely through changes in the cerebellar region of the brain alone. The existing gap between human and mouse model studies of extra-cerebellar regions in SCA1 makes it difficult to answer many important questions in the field. This review will cover both the cerebellar and extra-cerebellar effects of SCA1 and highlight the need for further investigations into the impact of mutant ATXN1 expression in these regions. This review will also discuss implications of extra-cerebellar effects not only for SCA1 but other neurodegenerative diseases showing diverse pathology as well.
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Jang JH, Yoon SJ, Kim SK, Cho JW, Kim JW. Detection Methods and Status of CAT Interruption of ATXN1 in Korean Patients With Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1. Ann Lab Med 2022; 42:274-277. [PMID: 34635619 PMCID: PMC8548249 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2022.42.2.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by abnormal CAG repeat expansion in the ataxin 1 gene (ATXN1). The presence of CAT interruption(s) is important for diagnosing SCA1 in patients with 39–44 repeat alleles, as only uninterrupted alleles are considered abnormal. Determining the CAT interruption status might also be important for patients with >44 repeats, as the length of the longest uninterrupted CAG repeat stretch has been correlated with age at SCA1 onset. We detected CAT interruption(s) in the archived samples of Korean SCA1 patients using a traditional restriction enzyme method and validated the usefulness of a fluorescence-based tethering PCR procedure. Among the 2,312 alleles analyzed from 1,156 patients, we found 17 expanded alleles with ≥39 repeats, 71% of which harbored 39–44 repeats. Restriction enzyme method of six samples (four with 39–44 repeats and two with >44 repeats) revealed that none of the expanded alleles had CAT interruption(s). Tethering PCR showed the characteristic electropherogram pattern expected without CAT interruption(s). Along with the enzyme restriction method, tethering PCR can be applied to determine the number of allele repeats and provide information on CAT interruption(s) in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Hyun Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Joo Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Whan Cho
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Huang H, Toker N, Burr E, Okoro J, Moog M, Hearing C, Lagalwar S. Intercellular Propagation and Aggregate Seeding of Mutant Ataxin-1. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:708-718. [PMID: 34826062 PMCID: PMC8986690 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01944-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular propagation of aggregated protein inclusions along actin-based tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) has been reported as a means of pathogenic spread in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases. Propagation of oligomeric-structured polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-1 (Atxn1[154Q]) has been reported in the cerebellum of a Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) knock-in mouse to correlate with disease propagation. In this study, we investigated whether a physiologically relevant polyglutamine-expanded ATXN1 protein (ATXN1[82Q]) could propagate intercellularly. Using a cerebellar-derived live cell model, we observed ATXN1 aggregates form in the nucleus, subsequently form in the cytoplasm, and finally, propagate to neighboring cells along actin-based intercellular connections. Additionally, we observed the facilitation of aggregate-resistant proteins into aggregates given the presence of aggregation-prone proteins within cells. Taken together, our results support a pathogenic role of intercellular propagation of polyglutamine-expanded ATXN1 inclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Huang
- Neuroscience Program, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Toker
- Neuroscience Program, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Eliza Burr
- Neuroscience Program, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Jeff Okoro
- Neuroscience Program, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Maia Moog
- Neuroscience Program, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Casey Hearing
- Neuroscience Program, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Sarita Lagalwar
- Neuroscience Program, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA.
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Shuvaev AN, Belozor OS, Mozhei O, Yakovleva DA, Potapenko IV, Shuvaev AN, Smolnikova MV, Salmin VV, Salmina AB, Hirai H, Teschemacher AG, Kasparov S. Chronic optogenetic stimulation of Bergman glia leads to dysfunction of EAAT1 and Purkinje cell death, mimicking the events caused by expression of pathogenic ataxin-1. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 154:105340. [PMID: 33753288 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bergmann glia (BG) are highly specialized radial astrocytes of the cerebellar cortex, which play a key role in the uptake of synaptic glutamate via the excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT1. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that in cerebellar neurodegenerative diseases reactive BG has a negative impact on neuronal function and survival through compromised EAAT activity. A family of such diseases are those caused by expansion of CAG repeats in genes of the ataxin family, resulting in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA). We investigated the contribution of BG to the pathogenesis of cerebellar neurodegeneration in a model of SCA1, which was induced by expression of a polyglutamine mutant of ataxin-1 (ATXN1[Q85]) in BG specifically. We compared the outcomes with a novel model where we triggered excitotoxicity by a chronic optogenetic activation of BG with channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). In both cases we detected evidence of reduced glutamate uptake manifested by prolongation of excitatory postsynaptic currents in Purkinje cells which is consistent with documented reduction of expression and/or function of EAAT1. In both models we detected astroglyosis and Purkinje cells atrophy. Finally, the same pattern was detected in a knock-in mouse which expresses a polyglutamine mutant ataxin-1 ATXN1[Q154] in a non-cell-selective manner. Our results suggest that ATXN1[Q85] and ChR2-induced insult targeted to BG closely mimics SCA1 pathology, where excessive glutamate signaling appears to be a common feature likely being an important contributor to cerebellar neurodegeneration.
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13
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Lee WS, Lavery L, Rousseaux MWC, Rutledge EB, Jang Y, Wan YW, Wu SR, Kim W, Al-Ramahi I, Rath S, Adamski CJ, Bondar VV, Tewari A, Soleimani S, Mota S, Yalamanchili HK, Orr HT, Liu Z, Botas J, Zoghbi HY. Dual targeting of brain region-specific kinases potentiates neurological rescue in Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106106. [PMID: 33709453 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical question in neurodegeneration is why the accumulation of disease-driving proteins causes selective neuronal loss despite their brain-wide expression. In Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), accumulation of polyglutamine-expanded Ataxin-1 (ATXN1) causes selective degeneration of cerebellar and brainstem neurons. Previous studies revealed that inhibiting Msk1 reduces phosphorylation of ATXN1 at S776 as well as its levels leading to improved cerebellar function. However, there are no regulators that modulate ATXN1 in the brainstem-the brain region whose pathology is most closely linked to premature death. To identify new regulators of ATXN1, we performed genetic screens and identified a transcription factor-kinase axis (ZBTB7B-RSK3) that regulates ATXN1 levels. Unlike MSK1, RSK3 is highly expressed in the human and mouse brainstems where it regulates Atxn1 by phosphorylating S776. Reducing Rsk3 rescues brainstem-associated pathologies and deficits, and lowering Rsk3 and Msk1 together improves cerebellar and brainstem function in an SCA1 mouse model. Our results demonstrate that selective vulnerability of brain regions in SCA1 is governed by region-specific regulators of ATXN1, and targeting multiple regulators could rescue multiple degenerating brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Seok Lee
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Science Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Lavery
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maxime W C Rousseaux
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric B Rutledge
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics-Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Youjin Jang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying-Wooi Wan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sih-Rong Wu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wonho Kim
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ismael Al-Ramahi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Smruti Rath
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carolyn J Adamski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vitaliy V Bondar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ambika Tewari
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shirin Soleimani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samantha Mota
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hari K Yalamanchili
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics-Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harry T Orr
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics-Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juan Botas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huda Y Zoghbi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics-Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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14
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Manek R, Nelson T, Tseng E, Rodriguez-Lebron E. 5'UTR-mediated regulation of Ataxin-1 expression. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104564. [PMID: 31381977 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of mutant Ataxin-1 with an abnormally expanded polyglutamine domain is necessary for the onset and progression of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). Understanding how Ataxin-1 expression is regulated in the human brain could inspire novel molecular therapies for this fatal, dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease. Previous studies have shown that the ATXN1 3'UTR plays a key role in regulating the Ataxin-1 cellular pool via diverse post-transcriptional mechanisms. Here we show that elements within the ATXN1 5'UTR also participate in the regulation of Ataxin-1 expression. PCR and PacBio sequencing analysis of cDNA obtained from control and SCA1 human brain samples revealed the presence of three major, alternatively spliced ATXN1 5'UTR variants. In cell-based assays, fusion of these variants upstream of an EGFP reporter construct revealed significant and differential impacts on total EGFP protein output, uncovering a type of genetic rheostat-like function of the ATXN1 5'UTR. We identified ribosomal scanning of upstream AUG codons and increased transcript instability as potential mechanisms of regulation. Importantly, transcript-based analyses revealed significant differences in the expression pattern of ATXN1 5'UTR variants between control and SCA1 cerebellum. Together, the data presented here shed light into a previously unknown role for the ATXN1 5'UTR in the regulation of Ataxin-1 and provide new opportunities for the development of SCA1 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Manek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tiffany Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | - Edgardo Rodriguez-Lebron
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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15
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Chuang CS, Chang JC, Soong BW, Chuang SF, Lin TT, Cheng WL, Orr HT, Liu CS. Treadmill training increases the motor activity and neuron survival of the cerebellum in a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 35:679-685. [PMID: 31271500 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) type 1 (SCA1) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that is characterized by worsening of disordered coordination, ataxia of the trunk, and other neurological symptoms. Physical activity improves both mobility and the daily living activities of patients with SCA. Intervention with daily regular treadmill exercise may slow the deterioration of cerebellar neurons in SCA1. Therefore, the signal changes and performance of cerebellar neurons after exercise in SCA1 was investigated in this study. We employed a transgenic mouse model of SCA1, generated by amplifying the cytosine-adenine-guanine trinucleotide repeat expansions, and the mice underwent 1 month of moderate daily treadmill exercise for 1 hour. The rotarod test revealed that the motor function of the SCA1 mice that underwent training was superior to that of the control SCA1 mice, which did not undergo training. Moreover, the cerebellar pathology revealed preserved Purkinje neurons stained by carbindin with an increase of the neuronal Per Arnt Sim domain protein 4, a key regulation in the structural and functional plasticity of neurons, in the excised SCA1 mice relative to the controls. The mechanism was related to an increase of phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6, a downstream target of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, but not to autophagy activation. This study determined that regular treadmill exercise may play a crucial role in the viable support of cerebellar neurons in SCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Sen Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chih Chang
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Wen Soong
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fei Chuang
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Tsung Lin
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Cheng
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Harry T Orr
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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16
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Martins Junior CR, Martinez ARM, Vasconcelos IF, de Rezende TJR, Casseb RF, Pedroso JL, Barsottini OGP, Lopes-Cendes Í, França MC. Structural signature in SCA1: clinical correlates, determinants and natural history. J Neurol 2018; 265:2949-2959. [PMID: 30324307 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-9087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in ATXN1, characterized by progressive cerebellar and extracerebellar symptoms. MRI-based studies in SCA1 focused in the cerebellum and connections, but there are few data about supratentorial/spinal damage and its clinical relevance. We have thus designed this multimodal MRI study to uncover the structural signature of SCA1. To accomplish that, a group of 33 patients and 33 age-and gender-matched healthy controls underwent MRI on a 3T scanner. All patients underwent a comprehensive neurological and neuropsychological evaluation. We correlated the structural findings with the clinical features of the disease. In addition, we evaluated the disease progression looking at differences in SCA1 subgroups defined by disease duration. Ataxia and pyramidal signs were the main symptoms. Neuropsychological evaluation disclosed cognitive impairment in 53% with predominant frontotemporal dysfunction. Gray matter analysis unfolded cortical thinning of primary and associative motor areas with more restricted impairment of deep structures. Deep gray matter atrophy was associated with motor handicap and poor cognition skills. White matter integrity loss was diffuse in the brainstem but restricted in supratentorial structures. Cerebellar cortical thinning was found in multiple areas and correlated not only with motor disability but also with verbal fluency. Spinal cord atrophy correlated with motor handicap. Comparison of MRI findings in disease duration-defined subgroups identified a peculiar pattern of progressive degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roberto Martins Junior
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Alberto Rolim Muro Martinez
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Faber Vasconcelos
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
| | | | - Raphael Fernandes Casseb
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Jose Luiz Pedroso
- Department of Neurology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Íscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcondes Cavalcante França
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil.
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17
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Orengo JP, van der Heijden ME, Hao S, Tang J, Orr HT, Zoghbi HY. Motor neuron degeneration correlates with respiratory dysfunction in SCA1. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.032623. [PMID: 29419414 PMCID: PMC5894948 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.032623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is characterized by adult-onset cerebellar degeneration with attendant loss of motor coordination. Bulbar function is eventually impaired and patients typically die from an inability to clear the airway. We investigated whether motor neuron degeneration is at the root of bulbar dysfunction by studying SCA1 knock-in (Atxn1154Q/+) mice. Spinal cord and brainstem motor neurons were assessed in Atxn1154Q/+ mice at 1, 3 and 6 months of age. Specifically, we assessed breathing physiology, diaphragm histology and electromyography, and motor neuron histology and immunohistochemistry. Atxn1154Q/+ mice show progressive neuromuscular respiratory abnormalities, neurogenic changes in the diaphragm, and motor neuron degeneration in the spinal cord and brainstem. Motor neuron degeneration is accompanied by reactive astrocytosis and accumulation of Atxn1 aggregates in the motor neuron nuclei. This observation correlates with previous findings in SCA1 patient tissue. Atxn1154Q/+ mice develop bulbar dysfunction because of motor neuron degeneration. These findings confirm the Atxn1154Q/+ line as a SCA1 model with face and construct validity for this understudied disease feature. Furthermore, this model is suitable for studying the pathogenic mechanism driving motor neuron degeneration in SCA1 and possibly other degenerative motor neuron diseases. From a clinical standpoint, the data indicate that pulmonary function testing and employment of non-invasive ventilator support could be beneficial in SCA1 patients. The physiological tests used in this study might serve as valuable biomarkers for future therapeutic interventions and clinical trials. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: In this manuscript, we discovered motor neuron degeneration which correlates with respiratory failure in a knock-in mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1).
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Orengo
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Meike E van der Heijden
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shuang Hao
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianrong Tang
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Harry T Orr
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Huda Y Zoghbi
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA .,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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18
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Martins CR Jr, Martinez ARM, de Rezende TJR, Branco LMT, Pedroso JL, Barsottini OGP, Lopes-Cendes I, França MC Jr. Spinal Cord Damage in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1. Cerebellum 2017; 16:792-6. [PMID: 28386793 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-017-0854-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion, characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal signs. Non-motor and extracerebellar symptoms may occur. MRI-based studies in SCA1 focused in the cerebellum and connections, but there are no data about cord damage in the disease and its clinical relevance. To evaluate in vivo spinal cord damage in SCA1, a group of 31 patients with SCA1 and 31 age- and gender-matched healthy controls underwent MRI on a 3T scanner. We used T1-weighted 3D images to estimate the cervical spinal cord area (CA) and eccentricity (CE) at three C2/C3 levels based on a semi-automatic image segmentation protocol. The scale for assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) was used to quantify disease severity. The groups were significantly different regarding CA (47.26 ± 7.4 vs. 68.8 ± 5.7 mm2, p < 0.001) and CE values (0.803 ± 0.044 vs. 0.774 ± 0.043, p < 0.05). Furthermore, in the patient group, CA presented significant correlation with SARA scores (R = -0.633, p < 0.001) and CAGn expansion (R = -0.658, p < 0.001). CE was not associated with SARA scores (p = 0.431). In the multiple variable regression, CA was strongly associated with disease duration (coefficient -0.360, p < 0.05) and CAGn expansion (coefficient -1.124, p < 0.001). SCA1 is characterized by cervical cord atrophy and anteroposterior flattening. Morphometric analyses of the spinal cord MRI might be a useful biomarker in the disease.
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19
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Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine (Q) repeat tract in the protein ataxin-1 (ATXN1). Beginning as a cerebellar ataxic disorder, SCA1 progresses to involve the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and brainstem. Using SCA1 knock-in mice that mirror the complexity of the human disease, we report a significant decrease in the capacity of adult neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) to proliferate. Remarkably, a decrease in NPCs proliferation can be observed in vitro, outside the degenerative milieu of surrounding neurons or glia, demonstrating that mutant ATXN1 acting cell autonomously within progenitor cells interferes with their ability to proliferate. Our findings suggest that compromised adult neurogenesis contributes to the progressive pathology of the disease particularly in areas such as the hippocampus and cerebral cortex where stem cells provide neurotropic factors and participate in adult neurogenesis. These findings not only shed light on the biology of the disease but also have therapeutic implications in any future stem cell-based clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Cvetanovic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yuan-Shih Hu
- Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Puneet Opal
- Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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20
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Stucki DM, Ruegsegger C, Steiner S, Radecke J, Murphy MP, Zuber B, Saxena S. Mitochondrial impairments contribute to Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 progression and can be ameliorated by the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:427-440. [PMID: 27394174 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), due to an unstable polyglutamine expansion within the ubiquitously expressed Ataxin-1 protein, leads to the premature degeneration of Purkinje cells (PCs), decreasing motor coordination and causing death within 10-15 years of diagnosis. Currently, there are no therapies available to slow down disease progression. As secondary cellular impairments contributing to SCA1 progression are poorly understood, here, we focused on identifying those processes by performing a PC specific proteome profiling of Sca1(154Q/2Q) mice at a symptomatic stage. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed prominent alterations in mitochondrial proteins. Immunohistochemical and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy analyses confirmed that PCs underwent age-dependent alterations in mitochondrial morphology. Moreover, colorimetric assays demonstrated impairment of the electron transport chain complexes (ETC) and decrease in ATPase activity. Subsequently, we examined whether the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ could restore mitochondrial dysfunction and prevent SCA1-associated pathology in Sca1(154Q/2Q) mice. MitoQ treatment both presymptomatically and when symptoms were evident ameliorated mitochondrial morphology and restored the activities of the ETC complexes. Notably, MitoQ slowed down the appearance of SCA1-linked neuropathology such as lack of motor coordination as well as prevented oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and PC loss. Our work identifies a central role for mitochondria in PC degeneration in SCA1 and provides evidence for the supportive use of mitochondria-targeted therapeutics in slowing down disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Stucki
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Céline Ruegsegger
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Steiner
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julika Radecke
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benoît Zuber
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Smita Saxena
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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21
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Platonov FA, Tyryshkin K, Tikhonov DG, Neustroyeva TS, Sivtseva TM, Yakovleva NV, Nikolaev VP, Sidorova OG, Kononova SK, Goldfarb LG, Renwick NM. Genetic fitness and selection intensity in a population affected with high-incidence spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. Neurogenetics 2016; 17:179-85. [PMID: 27106293 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-016-0481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is the major and likely the only type of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia in the Sakha (Yakut) people of Eastern Siberia. The prevalence rate of SCA1 has doubled over the past 21 years peaking at 46 cases per 100,000 rural population. The age at death correlates closely with the number of CAG triplet repeats in the mutant ATXN1 gene (r = -0.81); most patients with low-medium (39-55) repeat numbers survived until the end of reproductive age. The number of CAG repeats expands in meiosis, particularly in paternal transmissions; the average total increase in intergenerational transmissions in our cohort was estimated at 1.6 CAG repeats. The fertility rates of heterozygous carriers of 39-55 CAG repeats in women were no different from those of the general Sakha population. Overall, the survival of mutation carriers through reproductive age, unaltered fertility rates, low childhood mortality in SCA1-affected families, and intergenerational transmission of increasing numbers of CAG repeats in the ATXN1 gene indicate that SCA1 in the Sakha population will be maintained at high prevalence levels. The low (0.19) Crow's index of total selection intensity in our SCA1 cohort implies that this mutation is unlikely to be eliminated through natural selection alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedor A Platonov
- Institute of Health, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677010, The Russian Federation
| | - Kathrin Tyryshkin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Dmitriy G Tikhonov
- Institute of Health, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677010, The Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana S Neustroyeva
- Institute of Health, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677010, The Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana M Sivtseva
- Institute of Health, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677010, The Russian Federation
| | - Natalya V Yakovleva
- Institute of Health, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677010, The Russian Federation
| | - Valerian P Nikolaev
- Institute of Health, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677010, The Russian Federation
| | - Oksana G Sidorova
- Center for Integrated Medical Research, Academy of Medical Sciences, Yakutsk, 677010, The Russian Federation
| | - Sardana K Kononova
- Center for Integrated Medical Research, Academy of Medical Sciences, Yakutsk, 677010, The Russian Federation
| | - Lev G Goldfarb
- National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stoke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Neil M Renwick
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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22
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Iizuka A, Nakamura K, Hirai H. Long-term oral administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine extends life span in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 knock-in mice. Neurosci Lett 2015; 592:37-41. [PMID: 25725171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by extension of a CAG repeat in the Sca1gene. Although the mechanisms underlying the symptoms of SCA1 have not been determined, aberrant neuronal activation potentially contributes to the neuronal cell death characteristic of the disease. Here we examined the potential involvement of extrasynaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation in the pathogenesis of SCA1 by administering memantine, a low-affinity noncompetitive NMDAR antagonist, in SCA1 knock-in (KI) mice. In KI mice, the exon in the ataxin 1 gene is replaced with abnormally expanded 154CAG repeats. Memantine was administered orally to the SCA1 KI mice from 4 weeks of age until death. The treatment significantly attenuated body-weight loss and prolonged the life span of SCA1 KI mice. Furthermore, memantine significantly suppressed the loss of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and motor neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, which are critical for motor function and parasympathetic function, respectively. These findings support the contribution of aberrant activation of extrasynaptic NMDARs to neuronal cell death in SCA1 KI mice and suggest that memantine may also have therapeutic benefits in human SCA1 patients.
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23
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Menon RP, Soong D, de Chiara C, Holt M, McCormick JE, Anilkumar N, Pastore A. Mapping the self-association domains of ataxin-1: identification of novel non overlapping motifs. PeerJ 2014; 2:e323. [PMID: 24711972 PMCID: PMC3970802 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurodegenerative disease spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is caused by aggregation and misfolding of the ataxin-1 protein. While the pathology correlates with mutations that lead to expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the protein, other regions contribute to the aggregation process as also non-expanded ataxin-1 is intrinsically aggregation-prone and forms nuclear foci in cell. Here, we have used a combined approach based on FRET analysis, confocal microscopy and in vitro techniques to map aggregation-prone regions other than polyglutamine and to establish the importance of dimerization in self-association/foci formation. Identification of aggregation-prone regions other than polyglutamine could greatly help the development of SCA1 treatment more specific than that based on targeting the low complexity polyglutamine region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh P Menon
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway , London , UK
| | - Daniel Soong
- Randall Division for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, King's College London , Guy's Campus, London , UK ; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London , Denmark Hill Campus, London , UK
| | - Cesira de Chiara
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway , London , UK
| | - Mark Holt
- Randall Division for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, King's College London , Guy's Campus, London , UK
| | - John E McCormick
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway , London , UK
| | - Narayana Anilkumar
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London , Denmark Hill Campus, London , UK
| | - Annalisa Pastore
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway , London , UK ; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London , Denmark Hill Campus, London , UK
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