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Reardon K, McKelvie P. Eosinophilic myositis: could it be an adult-onset dystrophy? Pract Neurol 2022; 22:pn-2022-003448. [PMID: 35863881 DOI: 10.1136/pn-2022-003448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A 40-year-old woman presented with a 20 kg weight loss and asymmetrical hip and shoulder girdle muscle weakness; she had a raised serum creatine kinase and mild peripheral blood eosinophilia. There was no evidence of a parasitic infection or vasculitis. A muscle biopsy showed eosinophilic myositis. Following treatment with oral corticosteroid, methotrexate and intravenous immunoglobulin infusion, her weakness initially mildly improved and her serum creatine kinase reduced. However, despite continued immunosuppression her condition progressed over 3 years. The pattern of muscle weakness suggested a muscular dystrophy. Genetic testing confirmed heterozygous calpain mutations consistent with limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Reardon
- St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Pty Ltd, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Penny McKelvie
- St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Pty Ltd, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Beecher G, Fleming MD, Liewluck T. Hereditary myopathies associated with hematological abnormalities. Muscle Nerve 2022; 65:374-390. [PMID: 34985130 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The diagnostic evaluation of a patient with suspected hereditary muscle disease can be challenging. Clinicians rely largely on clinical history and examination features, with additional serological, electrodiagnostic, radiologic, histopathologic, and genetic investigations assisting in definitive diagnosis. Hematological testing is inexpensive and widely available, but frequently overlooked in the hereditary myopathy evaluation. Hematological abnormalities are infrequently encountered in this setting; however, their presence provides a valuable clue, helps refine the differential diagnosis, tailors further investigation, and assists interpretation of variants of uncertain significance. A diverse spectrum of hematological abnormalities is associated with hereditary myopathies, including anemias, leukocyte abnormalities, and thrombocytopenia. Recurrent rhabdomyolysis in certain glycolytic enzymopathies co-occurs with hemolytic anemia, often chronic and mild in phosphofructokinase and phosphoglycerate kinase deficiencies, or acute and fever-associated in aldolase-A and triosephosphate isomerase deficiency. Sideroblastic anemia, commonly severe, accompanies congenital-to-childhood onset mitochondrial myopathies including Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome and mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia phenotypes. Congenital megaloblastic macrocytic anemia and mitochondrial dysfunction characterize SFXN4-related myopathy. Neutropenia, chronic or cyclical, with recurrent infections, infantile-to-childhood onset skeletal myopathy and cardiomyopathy are typical of Barth syndrome, while chronic neutropenia without infection occurs rarely in DNM2-centronuclear myopathy. Peripheral eosinophilia may accompany eosinophilic inflammation in recessive calpainopathy. Lipid accumulation in leukocytes on peripheral blood smear (Jordans' anomaly) is pathognomonic for neutral lipid storage diseases. Mild thrombocytopenia occurs in autosomal dominant, childhood-onset STIM1 tubular aggregate myopathy, STIM1 and ORAI1 deficiency syndromes, and GNE myopathy. Herein, we review these hereditary myopathies in which hematological features play a prominent role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grayson Beecher
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark D Fleming
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Teerin Liewluck
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Fermon C, Authier FJ, Gallay L. Idiopathic eosinophilic myositis: a systematic literature review. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 32:116-124. [PMID: 34980535 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic myositis belong to the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and are defined by an inflammatory infiltrate composed of eosinophils within the muscle. To date, no consensus exists for diagnosis and care of such patients. The aim of this review was to describe clinical and histological presentation, treatment, and outcome of eosinophilic myositis based on a systematic review of all published histologically proven cases of eosinophilic myositis. A total of 453 records were identified in MEDLINE until November 2020. A total of 69 published cases were identified. The analysis of these allowed the distinction of the 3 previously described pathological subtypes: focal eosinophilic myositis (n = 17); diffuse eosinophilic myositis (n = 36); and eosinophilic perimyositis (n = 16). We propose a simple algorithm for diagnosis and treatment strategy for the care of patient with muscular symptoms and blood eosinophilia. This work also highlights eosinophilic myositis pathogenesis and the need for careful investigations in order to rule out differential diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Fermon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Claude Bernard, 5 Place d'Arsonval, F-69003, Lyon, France.
| | - François-Jérôme Authier
- University Paris Est-Créteil, INSERM, IMRB U955, Team Relaix, F-94010, Créteil, France; Reference Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases "Nord-Est-Ile de France", FILNEMUS, France; Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Laure Gallay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Claude Bernard, 5 Place d'Arsonval, F-69003, Lyon, France
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PERIC STOJAN, STEVANOVIC JELENA, JOHNSON KATHERINE, KOSAC ANA, PERIC MARINA, BRANKOVIC MARIJA, MARJANOVIC ANA, JANKOVIC MILENA, BANKO BOJAN, MILENKOVIC SANJA, DURDIC MILICA, BOZOVIC IVO, GLUMAC JELENANIKODINOVIC, LAVRNIC DRAGANA, MAKSIMOVIC RUZICA, MILIC-RASIC VEDRANA, RAKOCEVIC-STOJANOVIC VIDOSAVA. Phenotypic and genetic spectrum of patients with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A from Serbia. ACTA MYOLOGICA : MYOPATHIES AND CARDIOMYOPATHIES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY OF MYOLOGY 2019; 38:163-171. [PMID: 31788660 PMCID: PMC6859413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) type 2A (calpainopathy) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutation in the CAPN3 gene. The aim of this study was to examine genetic and phenotypic features of Serbian patients with calpainopathy. The study comprised 19 patients with genetically confirmed calpainopathy diagnosed at the Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia and the Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth in Belgrade, Serbia during a ten-year period. Eighteen patients in this cohort had c.550delA mutation, with nine of them being homozygous. In majority of the patients, disease started in childhood or early adulthood. The disease affected shoulder girdle - upper arm and pelvic girdle - thigh muscles with similar frequency, with muscles of lower extremities being more severely impaired. Facial and bulbar muscles were spared. All patients in this cohort, except two, remained ambulant. None of the patients had cardiomyopathy, while 21% showed mild conduction defects. Respiratory function was mildly impaired in 21% of patients. Standard muscle histopathology showed myopathic and dystrophic pattern. In conclusion, the majority of Serbian LGMD2A patients have the same mutation and similar phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- STOJAN PERIC
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - JELENA STEVANOVIC
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - KATHERINE JOHNSON
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - ANA KOSAC
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - MARINA PERIC
- Mother and Child Health Care Institute, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - MARIJA BRANKOVIC
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - ANA MARJANOVIC
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - MILENA JANKOVIC
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - BOJAN BANKO
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - MILICA DURDIC
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - IVO BOZOVIC
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - DRAGANA LAVRNIC
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - RUZICA MAKSIMOVIC
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - VEDRANA MILIC-RASIC
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - VIDOSAVA RAKOCEVIC-STOJANOVIC
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia,Address for correspondence: Vidosava Rakocevic-Stojanovic, Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade 6, Dr. Subotic Street, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia. Tel. +381 64 2228779. Fax +381 11 2684577. E-mail:
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Luo YB, Li QX, Duan HQ, Bi FF, Yang H. Limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2A with Muscular Eosinophilic Infiltration in a Chinese Patient. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:2133-2134. [PMID: 30127231 PMCID: PMC6111678 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.239307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Bei Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qiu-Xiang Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hui-Qian Duan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Fang-Fang Bi
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Angelini C, Giaretta L, Marozzo R. An update on diagnostic options and considerations in limb-girdle dystrophies. Expert Rev Neurother 2018; 18:693-703. [PMID: 30084281 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2018.1508997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) encompass a clinically heterogeneous group of rare, genetic progressive muscle disorders presenting with weakness and atrophy of predominant pelvic and shoulder muscles. The spectrum of disease severity ranges from severe childhood-onset muscular dystrophy to adult-onset dystrophy. Areas covered: The review presents an update of the clinical phenotypes and diagnostic options for LGMD including both dominant and recessive LGMD and consider their differential clinical and histopathological features. An overview of most common phenotypes and of possible complications is given. The management of the main clinical respiratory, cardiac, and central nervous system complications are covered. The instrumental, muscle imaging, and laboratory exams to assess and reach diagnosis are described. The use of recent genetic techniques such as next generation sequencing (NGS), whole-exome sequencing compared to other techniques (e.g. DNA sequencing, protein analysis) is covered. Currently available drugs or gene therapy and rehabilitation management are focused on. Expert commentary: Many LGMD cases, which for a long time previously remained without a molecular diagnosis, can now be investigated by NGS. Gene mutation analysis is always required to obtain a certain molecular diagnosis, fundamental to select homogeneous group of patients for future pharmaceutical and gene trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Angelini
- a Neuromuscular Center , San Camillo Hospital IRCCS , Venice , Italy
| | - Laura Giaretta
- a Neuromuscular Center , San Camillo Hospital IRCCS , Venice , Italy
| | - Roberta Marozzo
- a Neuromuscular Center , San Camillo Hospital IRCCS , Venice , Italy
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7
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Angelini C, Fanin M. Limb girdle muscular dystrophies: clinical-genetical diagnostic update and prospects for therapy. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1367283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Angelini
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neuromuscular Center, San Camillo Hospital IRCCS, Venice, Italy
| | - Marina Fanin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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8
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An eccentric calpain, CAPN3/p94/calpain-3. Biochimie 2016; 122:169-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
Peripheral and tissue eosinophilia can be a prominent feature of several unique rheumatologic and vascular diseases. These diseases span a wide range of clinical features, histologic findings, therapeutic approaches, and outcomes. Despite the rare nature of these entities--which makes large-scale studies challenging--knowledge has continued to grow regarding their epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. This review compares and contrasts 5 rheumatologic and vascular conditions in which eosinophilia can be seen: eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss), immunoglobulin G4-related disease, diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia, eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, and eosinophilic myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Tamaki
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A50, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Soumya Chatterjee
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A50, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Carol A Langford
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A50, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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10
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Fanin M, Angelini C. Protein and genetic diagnosis of limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A: The yield and the pitfalls. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:163-73. [PMID: 25900067 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A) is the most frequent form of LGMD worldwide. Comprehensive clinical assessment and laboratory testing is essential for diagnosis of LGMD2A. Muscle immunoblot analysis of calpain-3 is the most useful tool to direct genetic testing, as detection of calpain-3 deficiency has high diagnostic value. However, calpain-3 immunoblot testing lacks sensitivity in about 30% of cases due to gene mutations that inactivate the enzyme. The best diagnostic strategy should be determined on a case-by-case basis, depending on which tissues are available, and which molecular and/or genetic methods are adopted. In this work we survey the current knowledge, advantages, limitations, and pitfalls of protein testing and mutation detection in LGMD2A and provide an update of genetic epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fanin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedical Campus "Pietro d'Abano," via Giuseppe Orus 2B, 35129, Padova, Italy
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11
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Kottyan LC, Davis BP, Sherrill JD, Liu K, Rochman M, Kaufman K, Weirauch MT, Vaughn S, Lazaro S, Rupert AM, Kohram M, Stucke EM, Kemme KA, Magnusen A, He H, Dexheimer P, Chehade M, Wood RA, Pesek RD, Vickery BP, Fleischer DM, Lindbad R, Sampson HA, Mukkada V, Putnam PE, Abonia JP, Martin LJ, Harley JB, Rothenberg ME. Genome-wide association analysis of eosinophilic esophagitis provides insight into the tissue specificity of this allergic disease. Nat Genet 2014; 46:895-900. [PMID: 25017104 PMCID: PMC4121957 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disorder associated with allergic hypersensitivity to food. We interrogated >1.5 million genetic variants in EoE cases of European ancestry and subsequently in a multi-site cohort with local and out-of-study control subjects. In addition to replicating association of the 5q22 locus (meta-analysis P=1.9×10(-16)), we identified an association at 2p23 spanning CAPN14 (P=2.5×10(-10)). CAPN14 was specifically expressed in the esophagus, was dynamically upregulated as a function of disease activity and genetic haplotype and after exposure of epithelial cells to interleukin (IL)-13, and was located in an epigenetic hotspot modified by IL-13. Genes neighboring the top 208 EoE-associated sequence variants were enriched for esophageal expression, and multiple loci for allergic sensitization were associated with EoE susceptibility (4.8×10(-2)
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C. Kottyan
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin P. Davis
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph D. Sherrill
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kan Liu
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark Rochman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenneth Kaufman
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew T. Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Samuel Vaughn
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sara Lazaro
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew M. Rupert
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mojtaba Kohram
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily M. Stucke
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine A. Kemme
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Albert Magnusen
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hua He
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Phillip Dexheimer
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mirna Chehade
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert A. Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robbie D. Pesek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Brian P. Vickery
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Hugh A. Sampson
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vince Mukkada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Phil E. Putnam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - J. Pablo Abonia
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa J. Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John B. Harley
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Marc E. Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Selva-O'Callaghan A, Trallero-Araguás E, Grau J. Eosinophilic myositis: An updated review. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13:375-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Mahmood OA, Jiang XM. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies: where next after six decades from the first proposal (Review). Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1515-32. [PMID: 24626787 PMCID: PMC4020495 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) are a heterogeneous group of disorders, which has led to certain investigators disputing its rationality. The mutual feature of LGMD is limb-girdle affection. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), perioral skin biopsies, blood-based assays, reverse-protein arrays, proteomic analyses, gene chips and next generation sequencing are the leading diagnostic techniques for LGMD and gene, cell and pharmaceutical treatments are the mainstay therapies for these genetic disorders. Recently, more highlights have been shed on disease biomarkers to follow up disease progression and to monitor therapeutic responsiveness in future trials. In this study, we review LGMD from a variety of aspects, paying specific attention to newly evolving research, with the purpose of bringing this information into the clinical setting to aid the development of novel therapeutic strategies for this hereditary disease. In conclusion, substantial progress in our ability to diagnose and treat LGMD has been made in recent decades, however enhancing our understanding of the detailed pathophysiology of LGMD may enhance our ability to improve disease outcome in subsequent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Mahmood
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Mei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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14
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Rider LG, Katz JD, Jones OY. Developments in the classification and treatment of the juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2013; 39:877-904. [PMID: 24182859 PMCID: PMC3817412 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review updates recent trends in the classification of the juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (JIIM) and the emerging standard of treatment of the most common form of JIIM, juvenile dermatomyositis. The JIIM are rare, heterogeneous autoimmune diseases that share chronic muscle inflammation and weakness. A growing spectrum of clinicopathologic groups and serologic phenotypes defined by the presence of myositis autoantibodies are now recognized, each with differing demographics, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and prognoses. Although daily oral corticosteroids remain the backbone of treatment, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs are almost always used adjunctively and biologic therapies may benefit patients with recalcitrant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa G Rider
- Environmental Autoimmunity Group, Program of Clinical Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, CRC 4-2352, MSC 1301, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1301, USA; Myositis Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, George Washington University, G-400, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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15
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Krahn M, Goicoechea M, Hanisch F, Groen E, Bartoli M, Pécheux C, Garcia-Bragado F, Leturcq F, Jeannet PY, Lobrinus JA, Jacquemont S, Strober J, Urtizberea JA, Saenz A, Bushby K, Lévy N, Lopez de Munain A. Eosinophilic infiltration related to CAPN3 mutations: a pathophysiological component of primary calpainopathy? Clin Genet 2013; 80:398-402. [PMID: 21204801 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Sorimachi H, Hata S, Ono Y. Expanding members and roles of the calpain superfamily and their genetically modified animals. Exp Anim 2011; 59:549-66. [PMID: 21030783 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.59.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains are intracellular Ca²(+)-dependent cysteine proteases (Clan CA, family C02, EC 3.4.22.17) found in almost all eukaryotes and some bacteria. Calpains display limited proteolytic activity at neutral pH, proteolysing substrates to transform and modulate their structures and activities, and are therefore called "modulator proteases". The human genome has 15 genes that encode a calpain-like protease domain, generating diverse calpain homologues that possess combinations of several functional domains such as Ca²(+)-binding domains and Zn-finger domains. The importance of the physiological roles of calpains is reflected in the fact that particular defects in calpain functionality cause a variety of deficiencies in many different organisms, including lethality, muscular dystrophies, lissencephaly, and tumorigenesis. In this review, the unique characteristics of this distinctive protease superfamily are introduced in terms of genetically modified animals, some of which are animal models of calpain deficiency diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sorimachi
- Calpain Project, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (Rinshoken), Japan
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Baumeister SK, Todorovic S, Milić-Rašić V, Dekomien G, Lochmüller H, Walter MC. Eosinophilic myositis as presenting symptom in γ-sarcoglycanopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2009; 19:167-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cantarini L, Volpi N, Carbotti P, Greco G, Aglianò M, Bellisai F, Giannini F, Alessandrini C, Grasso G, Galeazzi M. Eosinophilia-associated muscle disorders: an immunohistological study with tissue localisation of major basic protein in distinct clinicopathological forms. J Clin Pathol 2009; 62:442-7. [DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2008.060616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims:(a) To evaluate tissue eosinophil density, location of eosinophil cytotoxic products, histopathological muscle changes and inflammatory cell types in different eosinophilia-associated myopathies that are clinicopathologically heterogeneous. (b) To determine the immunohistological range of tissue eosinophil density in non-eosinophilic inflammatory myopathies.Methods:Muscle biopsy specimens from seven patients with blood and/or tissue eosinophilia and clinicolaboratory myopathic signs (five chronic course myopathies, one subacute onset fasciitis/myositis, one acute myositis), and from 18 non-eosinophilic inflammatory myopathies, underwent routine staining, inflammatory infiltrate immunophenotyping, immunostaining for eosinophil major basic protein (MBP) and transmission electron microscopy examination. Eosinophil and total inflammatory cell counts were statistically analysed.Results:Histological examination showed occasional or no infiltrating eosinophils in all cases. MBP staining showed that tissue eosinophil density and percentages in eosinophilia-associated myopathies were significantly higher than in idiopathic myositides. Extracellular MBP diffusion, the hallmark of eosinophil cytotoxicity, was recurrent on sarcolemma and endothelium. Electron microscopy showed eosinophils close to sarcolemma, abundant mast cells, and capillary endothelial swelling. Immunostaining detected a higher mean eosinophil density in idiopathic myositides than previously assessed histologically.Conclusions:MBP immunohistology on skeletal muscle, previously performed only for acute eosinophilic polymyositis, suggests that eosinophil-mediated injury of muscle cells may occur in a wider spectrum of less aggressive eosinophilia-associated myopathies than previously thought. As conventional histology is likely to underestimate this leucocyte subset, MBP staining may be a useful tool in the analysis of tissue infiltration of eosinophils as a possible treatment target.
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Biancheri R, Falace A, Tessa A, Pedemonte M, Scapolan S, Cassandrini D, Aiello C, Rossi A, Broda P, Zara F, Santorelli FM, Minetti C, Bruno C. POMT2 gene mutation in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy with inflammatory changes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 363:1033-7. [PMID: 17923109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Defects in glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan are associated with several forms of muscular dystrophies. Mutations in POMT2 gene have been identified in patients with congenital muscular dystrophy and brain involvement, either characterized by a Walker-Warburg/muscle-eye-brain phenotype, or by microcephaly, mental retardation, and cerebellar hypoplasia. We identified a POMT2 homozygous missense mutation in a girl with a mild limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) phenotype, marked elevated serum creatine kinase levels, and absence of brain involvement. Muscle biopsy revealed myopathic and inflammatory changes and severe alpha-dystroglycan reduction. In view of the remarkable mild clinical picture, we propose to designate this phenotype as LGMD2N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Biancheri
- Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, G. Gaslini Institute and University of Genova, Largo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy.
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Godfrey C, Escolar D, Brockington M, Clement EM, Mein R, Jimenez-Mallebrera C, Torelli S, Feng L, Brown SC, Sewry CA, Rutherford M, Shapira Y, Abbs S, Muntoni F. Fukutin gene mutations in steroid-responsive limb girdle muscular dystrophy. Ann Neurol 2006; 60:603-610. [PMID: 17044012 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Defects in glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan are associated with several forms of muscular dystrophy, often characterized by congenital onset and severe structural brain involvement, collectively known as dystroglycanopathies. Six causative genes have been identified in these disorders including fukutin. Mutations in fukutin cause Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy. This is the second most common form of muscular dystrophy in Japan and is invariably associated with mental retardation and structural brain defects. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic defect in two white families with a dystroglycanopathy. METHODS The six genes responsible for dystroglycanopathies were studied in three children with a severe reduction of alpha-dystroglycan in skeletal muscle. RESULTS We identified pathogenic fukutin mutations in these two families. Affected children had normal intelligence and brain structure and shared a limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) phenotype, had marked elevation of serum creatine kinase, and were all ambulant with remarkable steroid responsiveness. INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that fukutin mutations occur outside Japan and can be associated with much milder phenotypes than Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy. These findings significantly expand the spectrum of phenotypes associated with fukutin mutations to include this novel form of limb girdle muscular dystrophy that we propose to name LGMD2L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Godfrey
- DNA Laboratory, Genetics Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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