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Dai XJ, Engl OD, León T, Buchwald SL. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Arylpyrrolidines and Benzo-fused Nitrogen Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3407-3411. [PMID: 30659729 PMCID: PMC6553474 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a practical two-step synthetic route to α-arylpyrrolidines through Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and enantioselective copper-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination reactions. The excellent stereoselectivity and broad scope for the transformation of substrates with pharmaceutically relevant heteroarenes render this method a practical and versatile approach for pyrrolidine synthesis. Additionally, this intramolecular hydroamination strategy facilitates the asymmetric synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinolines and medium-ring dibenzo-fused nitrogen heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jie Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18–490 Massachusetts Institute
ofTechnology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Oliver D. Engl
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18–490 Massachusetts Institute
ofTechnology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Thierry León
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18–490 Massachusetts Institute
ofTechnology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18–490 Massachusetts Institute
ofTechnology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
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2
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Royal T, Baudoin O. Pd-catalyzed γ-arylation of γ,δ-unsaturated O-carbamates via an unusual haptotropic rearrangement. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2331-2335. [PMID: 30881660 PMCID: PMC6385668 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An unusual γ-selectivity was observed in the arylation of γ,δ-unsaturated O-carbamates involving directed lithiation, transmetallation to zinc and Negishi coupling, when a specific combination of aryl electrophile and phosphine ligand is employed. Mechanistic studies indicate that an unusual, stereospecific haptotropic rearrangement of the palladium-diene intermediate is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titouan Royal
- University of Basel , Department of Chemistry , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- University of Basel , Department of Chemistry , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland .
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3
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Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Arylpyrrolidines and Benzo-fused Nitrogen Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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4
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Sasaki M, Shimabara R, Takegawa T, Kotomori Y, Otani Y, Ohwada T, Takeda K. Steric Course of Deprotonation/Substitution of Chelating/Dipole-Stabilizing-Group-Substituted α-Amino- and α-Oxynitriles. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Sasaki
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry; Institute of Biomedical & Health Science; Hiroshima University; 1-2-3 Kasumi 734-8553 Minami-Ku, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Rumiko Shimabara
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry; Institute of Biomedical & Health Science; Hiroshima University; 1-2-3 Kasumi 734-8553 Minami-Ku, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Tomo Takegawa
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry; Institute of Biomedical & Health Science; Hiroshima University; 1-2-3 Kasumi 734-8553 Minami-Ku, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yuri Kotomori
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry; Institute of Biomedical & Health Science; Hiroshima University; 1-2-3 Kasumi 734-8553 Minami-Ku, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yuko Otani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo 113-0033 Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohwada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo 113-0033 Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kei Takeda
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry; Institute of Biomedical & Health Science; Hiroshima University; 1-2-3 Kasumi 734-8553 Minami-Ku, Hiroshima Japan
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5
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Gerleve C, Kischkewitz M, Studer A. Synthese α-chiraler Ketone und chiraler Alkane durch eine radikalisch/ionische Kreuzungsreaktion von Vinyl-Bor-At-Komplexen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Gerleve
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Marvin Kischkewitz
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Armido Studer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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6
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Gerleve C, Kischkewitz M, Studer A. Synthesis of α-Chiral Ketones and Chiral Alkanes Using Radical Polar Crossover Reactions of Vinyl Boron Ate Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2441-2444. [PMID: 29239507 PMCID: PMC5838550 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vinyl boron ate complexes of enantioenriched secondary alkyl pinacolboronic esters undergo stereospecific radical‐induced 1,2‐migration in radical polar crossover reactions. In this three‐component process various commercially available alkyl iodides act as radical precursors and light is used for chain initiation. Subsequent oxidation and protodeborylation leads to valuable α‐chiral ketones and chiral alkanes, respectively, with excellent enantiopurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Gerleve
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marvin Kischkewitz
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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7
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Firth JD, Canipa SJ, Ferris L, O'Brien P. Gram-Scale Synthesis of the (-)-Sparteine Surrogate and (-)-Sparteine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:223-226. [PMID: 29155468 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An 8-step, gram-scale synthesis of the (-)-sparteine surrogate (22 % yield, with just 3 chromatographic purifications) and a 10-step, gram-scale synthesis of (-)-sparteine (31 % yield) are reported. Both syntheses proceed with complete diastereocontrol and allow access to either antipode. Since the syntheses do not rely on natural product extraction, our work addresses long-term supply issues relating to these widely used chiral ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Firth
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Steven J Canipa
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Leigh Ferris
- AstraZeneca (UK), Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Peter O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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8
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Firth JD, Canipa SJ, Ferris L, O'Brien P. Gram-Scale Synthesis of the (−)-Sparteine Surrogate and (−)-Sparteine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Firth
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Steven J. Canipa
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Leigh Ferris
- AstraZeneca (UK); Macclesfield Cheshire SK10 2NA UK
| | - Peter O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
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9
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Blakemore PR, Hoffmann RW. Formation of Olefins by Eliminative Dimerization and Eliminative Cross-Coupling of Carbenoids: A Stereochemical Exercise. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:390-407. [PMID: 28834041 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two carbenoids combine to generate an olefin by a mechanism involving formation of an ate complex, 1,2-metalate rearrangement, and β-elimination. As each stage of this eliminative coupling is stereospecific, the overall stereochemical outcome can be understood and, in principle fully controlled, providing that the absolute stereochemical configurations of the reacting carbenoid species are defined. In contrast to traditional alkene syntheses, the eliminative cross-coupling of carbenoids offers a connective approach to olefins capable of precisely targeting a given isomer regardless of the nature of the features distinguishing the isomers. The formation of olefins by the eliminative dimerization and eliminative cross-coupling of carbenoids is reviewed with a range of illustrative examples, including the reactions of α-lithiated haloalkanes, epoxides, and carbamates. An emphasis is placed on stereochemical analysis and methods to generate sp3 -hybridized carbenoids in stereodefined form are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Reinhard W Hoffmann
- Fachbereich Chemie der Philipps Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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10
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Blakemore PR, Hoffmann RW. Olefin‐Bildung durch eliminierende Dimerisierung und eliminierende Kreuzkupplung von Carbenoiden: eine stereochemische Herausforderung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97330 USA
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11
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Gehringer M, Altmann KH. The chemistry and biology of mycolactones. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1596-1660. [PMID: 28904608 PMCID: PMC5564285 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycolactones are a group of macrolides excreted by the human pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans, which exhibit cytotoxic, immunosuppressive and analgesic properties. As the virulence factor of M. ulcerans, mycolactones are central to the pathogenesis of the neglected disease Buruli ulcer, a chronic and debilitating medical condition characterized by necrotic skin ulcers. Due to their complex structure and fascinating biology, mycolactones have inspired various total synthesis endeavors and structure-activity relationship studies. Although this review intends to cover all synthesis efforts in the field, special emphasis is given to the comparison of conceptually different approaches and to the discussion of more recent contributions. Furthermore, a detailed discussion of molecular targets and structure-activity relationships is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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12
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Noble A, Roesner S, Aggarwal VK. Short Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Tatanan A and 3-epi-Tatanan A Using Assembly-Line Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15920-15924. [PMID: 27865037 PMCID: PMC5215435 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Short and highly stereoselective total syntheses of the sesquilignan natural product tatanan A and its C3 epimer are described. An assembly-line synthesis approach, using iterative lithiation-borylation reactions, was applied to install the three contiguous stereocenters with high enantio- and diastereoselectivity. One of the stereocenters was installed using a configurationally labile lithiated primary benzyl benzoate, resulting in high levels of substrate-controlled (undesired) diastereoselectivity. However, reversal of selectivity was achieved by using a novel diastereoselective Matteson homologation. Stereospecific alkynylation of a hindered secondary benzylic boronic ester enabled completion of the synthesis in a total of eight steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Noble
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol, Cantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Stefan Roesner
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol, Cantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
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13
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Noble A, Roesner S, Aggarwal VK. Short Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Tatanan A and 3-epi-Tatanan A Using Assembly-Line Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol, Cantock's Close; Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Stefan Roesner
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol, Cantock's Close; Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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14
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Mita T, Saito K, Sugawara M, Sato Y. Stereoretentive Addition ofN-tert-Butylsulfonyl-α-Amido Silanes to Aldehydes, Ketones, α,β-Unsaturated Esters, and Imines. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:1528-31. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Mita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Keisuke Saito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Masumi Sugawara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
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15
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Scharnagel D, Müller A, Prause F, Eck M, Goller J, Milius W, Breuning M. The First Modular Route to Core-Chiral Bispidine Ligands and Their Application in Enantioselective Copper(II)-Catalyzed Henry Reactions. Chemistry 2015; 21:12488-500. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Mahmood A, Alkhathlan HZ, Parvez S, Khan M, Shahzad SA. Chelation-assisted substrate-controlled asymmetric lithiation-allylboration of chiral carbamate 1,2,4-butanetriol acetonide. Molecules 2015; 20:9890-905. [PMID: 26029858 PMCID: PMC6272734 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20069890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The lithiation of 2-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)ethyl diisopropylcarbamate (1) is achieved freely by sec-butyllithium in diethylether with high lk-diastereoselectivity: the bicyclic chelate complexes 3a and 3b are reacted with electrophiles to form optically active precursors 4a and 4b with >95% diastereoselectivity. In addition, tertiary diamines can undergo an external complexation in contest with the internal oxygen ligand, leading to improved stereoselectivities. The further reactions of lithiated carbamates with trans alkenyl-9-BBN derivatives after 1,2 metallate rearrangements, gave the key intermediate α-substituted allylic boranes 7. Subsequent allylboration of aldehydes gave (Z)-anti-homoallylic alcohols 8 in good yield and excellent d.r.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeem Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Hamad Z Alkhathlan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saima Parvez
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Merajuddin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sohail A Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
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17
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Blair DJ, Fletcher CJ, Wheelhouse KMP, Aggarwal VK. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Adjacent Acyclic Quaternary-Tertiary Motifs: Application to a Concise Total Synthesis of (−)-Filiformin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5552-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Blair DJ, Fletcher CJ, Wheelhouse KMP, Aggarwal VK. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Adjacent Acyclic Quaternary-Tertiary Motifs: Application to a Concise Total Synthesis of (−)-Filiformin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Dagousset G, Moriya K, Mose R, Berionni G, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Open-Chain Secondary Alkyllithium Compounds and Trapping Reactions with Electrophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:1425-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Dagousset G, Moriya K, Mose R, Berionni G, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Diastereoselektive Synthese von offenkettigen sekundären Alkyllithiumverbindungen und Abfangreaktionen mit Elektrophilen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201308679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Seel S, Dagousset G, Thaler T, Frischmuth A, Karaghiosoff K, Zipse H, Knochel P. Preparation of Stereodefined Secondary Alkyllithium Compounds. Chemistry 2013; 19:4614-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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22
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Scott HK, Aggarwal VK. Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Tertiary Boronic Esters and their Stereospecific Conversion to other Functional Groups and Quaternary Stereocentres. Chemistry 2011; 17:13124-32. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Hsu SF, Ko CW, Wu YT. Cobalt-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation: Synthesis and Applications of Enantiopure Pyrrolidine Derivatives[1]. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gessner VH, Koller SG, Strohmann C, Hogan AM, O'Shea DF. Mechanistic insight into stereoselective carbolithiation. Chemistry 2011; 17:2996-3004. [PMID: 21294193 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This article addresses the mechanistic features of asymmetric carbolithiation of β-methylstyrenes. While often the presence of functional groups is required to obtain high enantioselectivities in carbolithiation reactions, simple β-methylstyrene also gives high selectivities in (-)-sparteine-mediated addition of alkyl lithium compounds. Computational studies on the carbolithiation of β-methylstyrene with (-)-sparteine show that the observed selectivities are the result of repulsion effects in the diastereomeric transition states between the (-)-sparteine⋅alkyl lithium adduct and the β-methylstyrene, upon approximation of the two reactants. In contrast, for the ortho-amino β-methylstyrene (E)-benzyl(2-propenylphenyl)amine (4) X-ray structure analyses of intermediate lithium amides indicate a carbolithiation mechanism in which one side of the double bond is shielded by the amide moiety, leaving only one side free for approach of the chiral alkyl lithium adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H Gessner
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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25
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Däschlein C, Bauer SO, Strohmann C. Mechanistic Insights into the Reaction of Enantiomerically Pure Lithiosilanes and Electrophiles: Understanding the Differences between Aryl and Alkyl Halides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Gessner VH, Fröhlich B, Strohmann C. α‐Lithiated (
R
,
R
)‐TMCDA as an Efficient Building Block for the Preparation of Chiral N,N,O Ligands by Asymmetric 1,2‐Addition. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H. Gessner
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Fax: +49‐231‐755‐7062
| | - Benjamin Fröhlich
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Fax: +49‐231‐755‐7062
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Fax: +49‐231‐755‐7062
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Bagutski V, French R, Aggarwal V. Full Chirality Transfer in the Conversion of Secondary Alcohols into Tertiary Boronic Esters and Alcohols Using Lithiation-Borylation Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:5142-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Bagutski V, French R, Aggarwal V. Full Chirality Transfer in the Conversion of Secondary Alcohols into Tertiary Boronic Esters and Alcohols Using Lithiation-Borylation Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Binanzer M, Fang G, Aggarwal V. Asymmetric Synthesis of Allylsilanes by the Borylation of Lithiated Carbamates: Formal Total Synthesis of (−)-Decarestrictine D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:4264-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Binanzer M, Fang G, Aggarwal V. Asymmetric Synthesis of Allylsilanes by the Borylation of Lithiated Carbamates: Formal Total Synthesis of (−)-Decarestrictine D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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32
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Dutheuil G, Webster M, Worthington P, Aggarwal V. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Carbon Chains Bearing Contiguous Methyl Groups by Iterative Boronic Ester Homologations: Application to the Total Synthesis of (+)-Faranal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200901194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Dutheuil G, Webster M, Worthington P, Aggarwal V. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Carbon Chains Bearing Contiguous Methyl Groups by Iterative Boronic Ester Homologations: Application to the Total Synthesis of (+)-Faranal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:6317-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200901194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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Kapeller DC, Hammerschmidt F. Enantiopure Chiral (2,4,6-Triisopropylbenzoyl)oxy-[D1]methyllithium: Configurational Stability, Reactions, and Mechanistic Studies. J Org Chem 2009; 74:2380-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802625q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar C. Kapeller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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35
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O'Brien P, Bilke JL. Expanding the synthetic potential of asymmetric deprotonation: arylation of carbanions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:2734-6. [PMID: 18330883 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200704539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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36
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O'Brien P, Bilke J. Das Potenzial asymmetrischer Deprotonierungen in der Synthese: Arylierung von Carbanionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200704539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Lange H, Bergander K, Fröhlich R, Kehr S, Nakamura S, Shibata N, Toru T, Hoppe D. Highly enantioselective reactions of configurationally labile epimeric diamine complexes of lithiated S-benzyl thiocarbamates. Chem Asian J 2008; 3:88-101. [PMID: 18067115 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200700262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Substitution reactions that employ primary-carbamoyl-protected arylmethanethiols are described. The enantiodetermining step was found to occur in the post-deprotonation step as a dynamic thermodynamic resolution with a chiral bis(oxazoline) ligand. The configurationally labile lithium complexes were trapped with various electrophiles to yield different substitution products in good to excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses. The absolute configurations of the substitution products were determined, and the stereochemical pathway of the substitution reaction was elucidated for different classes of electrophiles. The temperature-dependent epimerization process was monitored by 1H and 6Li NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Lange
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität, Westpfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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38
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Stymiest JL, Dutheuil G, Mahmood A, Aggarwal VK. Lithiated Carbamates: Chiral Carbenoids for Iterative Homologation of Boranes and Boronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:7491-4. [PMID: 17659521 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jake L Stymiest
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS 81 TS, UK
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39
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Stymiest J, Dutheuil G, Mahmood A, Aggarwal V. Lithiated Carbamates: Chiral Carbenoids for Iterative Homologation of Boranes and Boronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Monje P, Graña P, Paleo MR, Sardina FJ. Quantitative Data on the Effects of Alkyl Substituents and Li–O and Li–N Chelation on the Stability of Secondary α-Oxy-Organolithium Compounds. Chemistry 2007; 13:2277-89. [PMID: 17163551 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A DeltaG(eq) stability scale of secondary alpha-oxy-organolithium compounds was established from measurements of tin-lithium exchange equilibria in THF, and the quantitative effects of substituents at the anionic center on carbanion stability are presented. A new lead-lithium exchange equilibrium reaction was also investigated and shown to be a very useful alternative for the determination of the relative stability of the more sterically hindered organolithium compounds. Alkyl groups adversely affect the stability of organolithium compounds when attached to the carbon bearing the negative charge, but the extent of this effect is highly dependent on the nature of the rest of the substituents attached to the anionic center. Quantitative data on the stabilization imparted to organolithium compounds by Li-O and Li-N chelation have been determined for a variety of systems. The formation of four- and five-membered chelate rings leads to a considerable stabilization of the organolithium compound, while chelation through the formation of six-membered rings affords no extra stabilization to this type of organometallics. Multinuclear NMR experiments carried out on several alpha-oxy-organolithium compounds to determine their aggregation state are supportive of these species being monomers in THF solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Monje
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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41
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Christoph G, Stratmann C, Coldham I, Hoppe D. Asymmetric Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-pyrrolidines via Tin−Lithium Exchange and Cyclization. Org Lett 2006; 8:4469-71. [PMID: 16986927 DOI: 10.1021/ol061615p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a method for the synthesis of chiral pyrrolidines using tin-lithium exchange and cyclization reactions. The precursors are formed readily from simple starting materials and undergo tin-lithium exchange by treatment with n-butyllithium. Subsequent intramolecular carbolithiation is stereoselective to give highly enantiomerically enriched pyrrolidines in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Christoph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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42
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Haller J, Hense T, Hoppe D. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Internal Stereodifferentiation Occurring During the Lithiation of β-Stereogenic Alkyl Carbamates. Kinetic Resolutions by (-)-Sparteine-Mediated Deprotonation. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199619960408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Studien zur enantio‐ und diastereoselektiven α‐Metallierung prochiraler Sulfoxide mit (+)‐Menthyllithium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19911241120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Brandau S, Hoppe D. Asymmetric synthesis of (2-carbamoyloxy-1-alkenyl)cyclopropanes by intramolecular cycloalkylation. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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45
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Zeng W, Fröhlich R, Hoppe D. Enantioselective, (−)-sparteine-mediated deprotonation of geranyl and neryl N,N-diisopropylcarbamate: configurational stability of the intermediate lithium compounds. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Enantioselective Synthesis by Lithiation Adjacent to Oxygen and Electrophile Incorporation. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-36117-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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47
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Basu A, Thayumanavan S. Konfigurative Stabilität und Stereoinformationstransfer in Reaktionen Enantiomeren-angereicherter Organolithium-Reagentien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20020301)114:5<740::aid-ange740>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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Schumann H, Stenzel O, Dechert S, Girgsdies F, Halterman RL. Menthyl-Functionalized Chiral Nonracemic Monoindenyl Complexes of Rhodium, Iridium, Cobalt, and Molybdenum. Organometallics 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/om001083v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Schumann
- Institut für Chemie der Technischen Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oleg Stenzel
- Institut für Chemie der Technischen Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institut für Chemie der Technischen Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Girgsdies
- Institut für Chemie der Technischen Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronald L. Halterman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 620 Parrington Oval, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
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49
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Laqua H, Fröhlich R, Wibbeling B, Hoppe D. Synthesis of enantioenriched indene-derived bicyclic alcohols and tricyclic cyclopropanes via (−)-sparteine-mediated lithiation of a racemic precursor and kinetic resolution during the cyclocarbolithiation. J Organomet Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)00832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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50
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Abstract
Multinuclear and multidimensional NMR spectroscopy have shown that lithium (S)-N-isopropyl-O-methyl-valinol (1-[6Li]) exists in a mixed 2:1 complex with nBu[6Li], (1-[6Li])2/nBu[6Li], in non-coordinating solvents such as hexane or toluene. A 6Li,1H-HOESY NMR spectrum indicates that the complex is a cyclic trimer with a large distance between the di-coordinated lithium and the carbanion of nBu[6Li]. Such arrangements are present in the solid state as previously reported by Williard and Sun. The exchange of lithium atoms within the trimer is slow at -33 degrees C. The exchange barrier (deltaG++) was determined to be 14.7 kcal x mol(-1) from quantitative 6Li,6Li-EXSY spectra. Addition of diethyl ether results in the formation of mixed dimers of (1-[6Li])/nBu[6Li], tetramers of nBu[6Li], and homodimers (1-[6Li])2. The apparent equilibrium constant of the mixed dimer was determined from the 6Li NMR integrals as K = 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hilmersson
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Göteborg University, Sweden.
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