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Conway LP, Rendo V, Correia MSP, Bergdahl IA, Sjöblom T, Globisch D. Unexpected Acetylation of Endogenous Aliphatic Amines by Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase NAT2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14342-14346. [PMID: 32497306 PMCID: PMC7497018 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetyltransferases play critical roles in the deactivation and clearance of xenobiotics, including clinical drugs. NAT2 has been classified as an arylamine N-acetyltransferase that mainly converts aromatic amines, hydroxylamines, and hydrazines. Herein, we demonstrate that the human arylamine N-acetyltransferase NAT2 also acetylates aliphatic endogenous amines. Metabolomic analysis and chemical synthesis revealed increased intracellular concentrations of mono- and diacetylated spermidine in human cell lines expressing the rapid compared to the slow acetylator NAT2 phenotype. The regioselective N8 -acetylation of monoacetylated spermidine by NAT2 answers the long-standing question of the source of diacetylspermidine. We also identified selective acetylation of structurally diverse alkylamine-containing drugs by NAT2, which may contribute to variations in patient responses. The results demonstrate a previously unknown functionality and potential regulatory role for NAT2, and we suggest that this enzyme should be considered for re-classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis P. Conway
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala UniversityBox 57475123UppsalaSweden
| | - Veronica Rendo
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University75123UppsalaSweden
| | - Mário S. P. Correia
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala UniversityBox 57475123UppsalaSweden
| | - Ingvar A. Bergdahl
- The Biobank Research Unit and Department of Public Health and Clinical MedicineSection of Sustainable HealthUmeå University90185UmeåSweden
| | - Tobias Sjöblom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University75123UppsalaSweden
| | - Daniel Globisch
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala UniversityBox 57475123UppsalaSweden
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2
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Conway LP, Rendo V, Correia MSP, Bergdahl IA, Sjöblom T, Globisch D. Unexpected Acetylation of Endogenous Aliphatic Amines by Arylamine
N
‐Acetyltransferase NAT2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis P. Conway
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Veronica Rendo
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala University 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mário S. P. Correia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ingvar A. Bergdahl
- The Biobank Research Unit and Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Section of Sustainable Health Umeå University 90185 Umeå Sweden
| | - Tobias Sjöblom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala University 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Daniel Globisch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
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3
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Pomplun S, Mohamed MYH, Oelschlaegel T, Wellner C, Bergmann F. Efficient Pictet-Spengler Bioconjugation with N
-Substituted Pyrrolyl Alanine Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pomplun
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Nonnenwald 2 82377 Penzberg Germany
- Current address: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Department of Chemistry; 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | | | | | | | - Frank Bergmann
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH; Nonnenwald 2 82377 Penzberg Germany
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Pomplun S, Mohamed MYH, Oelschlaegel T, Wellner C, Bergmann F. Efficient Pictet-Spengler Bioconjugation with N-Substituted Pyrrolyl Alanine Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3542-3547. [PMID: 30653800 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We discovered N-pyrrolyl alanine derivatives as efficient reagents for the fast and selective Pictet-Spengler reaction with aldehyde-containing biomolecules. Other aldehyde-labeling methods described so far have several drawbacks, like hydrolytic instability, slow reaction kinetics or not readily available labeling reagents. Pictet-Spengler cyclizations of pyrrolyl 2-ethylamine substituted at the pyrrole nitrogen are significantly faster than with analogues substituted at the α- and β- position. Functionalized N-pyrrolyl alanine derivatives can be synthesized in only 2-3 steps from commercially available materials. The small size of the reagent, the high reaction rate, and the easy synthesis make pyrrolyl alanine Pictet-Spengler (PAPS) an attractive choice for bioconjugation reactions. PAPS was shown as an efficient strategy for the site-selective biotinylation of an antibody as well as for the condensation of nucleic-acid derivatives, demonstrating the versatility of this reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pomplun
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany.,Current address: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | - Frank Bergmann
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
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5
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Bayer CD, van Loo B, Hollfelder F. Specificity Effects of Amino Acid Substitutions in Promiscuous Hydrolases: Context-Dependence of Catalytic Residue Contributions to Local Fitness Landscapes in Nearby Sequence Space. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1001-1015. [PMID: 28464395 PMCID: PMC5488252 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic promiscuity can facilitate evolution of enzyme functions-a multifunctional catalyst may act as a springboard for efficient functional adaptation. We test the effect of single mutations on multiple activities in two groups of promiscuous AP superfamily members to probe this hypothesis. We quantify the effect of site-saturating mutagenesis of an analogous, nucleophile-flanking residue in two superfamily members: an arylsulfatase (AS) and a phosphonate monoester hydrolase (PMH). Statistical analysis suggests that no one physicochemical characteristic alone explains the mutational effects. Instead, these effects appear to be dominated by their structural context. Likewise, the effect of changing the catalytic nucleophile itself is not reaction-type-specific. Mapping of "fitness landscapes" of four activities onto the possible variation of a chosen sequence position revealed tremendous potential for respecialization of AP superfamily members through single-point mutations, highlighting catalytic promiscuity as a powerful predictor of adaptive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Bayer
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Cambridge80 Tennis Court RoadCB2 1GACambridgeUK
- Present address: c-LEcta GmbHPerlickstrasse 504103LeipzigGermany
| | - Bert van Loo
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Cambridge80 Tennis Court RoadCB2 1GACambridgeUK
- Present address: Institute for Evolution and BiodiversityUniversity of MünsterHüfferstrasse 148149MünsterGermany
| | - Florian Hollfelder
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Cambridge80 Tennis Court RoadCB2 1GACambridgeUK
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6
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Sinharay S, Fernández-Cuervo G, Acfalle JP, Pagel MD. Detection of Sulfatase Enzyme Activity with a CatalyCEST MRI Contrast Agent. Chemistry 2016; 22:6491-5. [PMID: 26956002 PMCID: PMC4877021 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI contrast agent has been developed that detects sulfatase enzyme activity. The agent produces a CEST signal at δ=5.0 ppm before enzyme activity, and a second CEST signal appears at δ=9.0 ppm after the enzyme cleaves a sulfate group from the agent. The comparison of the two signals improved detection of sulfatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanhita Sinharay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Jasmine P Acfalle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mark D Pagel
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, USA.
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7
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Tirel EY, Bellamy Z, Adams H, Lebrun V, Duarte F, Williams NH. Catalytic zinc complexes for phosphate diester hydrolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8246-50. [PMID: 24919567 PMCID: PMC4140542 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Creating efficient artificial catalysts that can compete with biocatalysis has been an enduring challenge which has yet to be met. Reported herein is the synthesis and characterization of a series of zinc complexes designed to catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphate diesters. By introducing a hydrated aldehyde into the ligand we achieve turnover for DNA-like substrates which, combined with ligand methylation, increases reactivity by two orders of magnitude. In contrast to current orthodoxy and mechanistic explanations, we propose a mechanism where the nucleophile is not coordinated to the metal ion, but involves a tautomer with a more effective Lewis acid and more reactive nucleophile. This data suggests a new strategy for creating more efficient metal ion based catalysts, and highlights a possible mode of action for metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoë Bellamy
- Department of Chemistry, Sheffield UniversitySheffield (UK)
| | - Harry Adams
- Department of Chemistry, Sheffield UniversitySheffield (UK)
| | - Vincent Lebrun
- Department of Chemistry, Sheffield UniversitySheffield (UK)
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala UniversityUppsala (Sweden)
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8
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Tirel EY, Bellamy Z, Adams H, Lebrun V, Duarte F, Williams NH. Catalytic Zinc Complexes for Phosphate Diester Hydrolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Smith EL, Bertozzi CR, Beatty KE. An expanded set of fluorogenic sulfatase activity probes. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1101-5. [PMID: 24764280 PMCID: PMC4084507 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201400032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorogenic probes that are activated by an enzymatic transformation are ideally suited for profiling enzyme activities in biological systems. Here, we describe two fluorogenic enzyme probes, 3-O-methylfluorescein-sulfate and resorufin-sulfate, that can be used to detect sulfatases in mycobacterial lysates. Both probes were validated with a set of commercial sulfatases and used to reveal species-specific sulfatase banding patterns in a gel-resolved assay of mycobacterial lysates. The fluorogenic probes described here are suitable for various assays and provide a starting point for creating new sulfatase probes with improved selectivity for mycobacterial sulfatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Smith
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, B84 Hildebrand Hall, #1460, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, B84 Hildebrand Hall, #1460, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Kimberly E. Beatty
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L334, Portland, OR 97239 (USA)
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10
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Fuchs M, Toesch M, Schober M, Wuensch C, Faber K. Chemoenzymatic Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (R)-Lasiodiplodin Methyl Ether through a Sulfatase-Based Deracemization Process. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Schober M, Knaus T, Toesch M, Macheroux P, Wagner U, Faber K. The Substrate Spectrum of the Inverting sec-Alkylsulfatase Pisa1. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Welling M, Ross C, Pohnert G. Eine Desulfatierungs-Oxidations-Kaskade aktiviert auf Cumarin basierende Vernetzer in der Wundverschlussreaktion der einzelligen Makroalge Dasycladus vermicularis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Welling M, Ross C, Pohnert G. A Desulfatation-Oxidation Cascade Activates Coumarin-Based Cross-Linkers in the Wound Reaction of the Giant Unicellular Alga Dasycladus vermicularis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7691-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Evaluation of sulfatase-directed quinone methide traps for proteomics. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 20:622-7. [PMID: 21570853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfatases hydrolytically cleave sulfate esters through a unique catalytic aldehyde, which is introduced by a posttranslational oxidation. To profile active sulfatases in health and disease, activity-based proteomic tools are needed. Herein, quinone methide (QM) traps directed against sulfatases are evaluated as activity-based proteomic probes (ABPPs). Starting from a p-fluoromethylphenyl sulfate scaffold, enzymatically generated QM-traps can inactivate bacterial aryl sulfatases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and human steroid sulfatase. However, multiple enzyme-generated QMs form, diffuse, and non-specifically label purified enzyme. In complex proteomes, QM labeling is sulfatase-dependent but also non-specific. Thus, fluoromethylphenyl sulfates are poor ABPPs for sulfatases.
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Schelwies M, Brinson D, Otsuki S, Hong YH, Lotz MK, Wong CH, Hanson SR. Glucosamine-6-sulfamate analogues of heparan sulfate as inhibitors of endosulfatases. Chembiochem 2010; 11:2393-7. [PMID: 20973023 PMCID: PMC3086843 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Keeping Sulfate. The extracellular endosulfatases, which modulate signalling pathways by removing sulfate groups from heparan, can be inhibited by replacing the 6-sulfate destined for cleavage with an inhibitory sulfamate motif, as demonstrated by simple glucosamine-6-sulfamate analogs of heparan sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schelwies
- Dr. M. Schelwies, Prof. Dr. C.-H. Wong, Dr. S. R. Hanson Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Diana Brinson
- D. Brinson, Dr. Y.-H. Hong, Dr. S. Otsuki, Prof. Dr. M. K. Lotz, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Shuhei Otsuki
- D. Brinson, Dr. Y.-H. Hong, Dr. S. Otsuki, Prof. Dr. M. K. Lotz, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Young-Hoon Hong
- D. Brinson, Dr. Y.-H. Hong, Dr. S. Otsuki, Prof. Dr. M. K. Lotz, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Martin K. Lotz
- D. Brinson, Dr. Y.-H. Hong, Dr. S. Otsuki, Prof. Dr. M. K. Lotz, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Dr. M. Schelwies, Prof. Dr. C.-H. Wong, Dr. S. R. Hanson Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Sarah R. Hanson
- Dr. M. Schelwies, Prof. Dr. C.-H. Wong, Dr. S. R. Hanson Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Rush
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Kimberly E. Beatty
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
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Loft KJ, Bojarová P, Slámová K, Kren V, Williams SJ. Synthesis of sulfated glucosaminides for profiling substrate specificities of sulfatases and fungal beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases. Chembiochem 2009; 10:565-76. [PMID: 19156788 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Systematic sulfation: Sulfated glycoconjugates are degraded either by desulfation followed by glycoside cleavage, or by glycoside cleavage followed by desulfation. To study these processes, here we report the synthesis of four regioisomerically sulfated p-nitrophenyl glucosaminides from the common precursor p-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide. These substrates allowed the rapid analysis of the substrate preferences of a set of four sulfatases and 24 hexosaminidases.Sulfated carbohydrates are components of many glycoconjugates, and are degraded by two major processes: cleavage of the sulfate ester by a sulfatase, or en bloc removal of a sulfated monosaccharide by a glycoside hydrolase. However, these processes have proved difficult to study owing to a lack of homogeneous, defined substrates. We describe here the synthesis of a series of p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucosaminides bearing sulfate esters at the 2-, 3-, 4- or 6-positions, by divergent routes starting with p-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside. The sulfated p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucosaminides were used to study the substrate specificity of four sulfatases (from Helix pomatia, Patella vulgata, abalone, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and revealed significant differences in the preference of each of these enzymes for desulfation at different positions around the sugar ring. The 3-, 4- and 6-sulfated p-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucosaminides were screened against a panel of 24 fungal beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases to assess their substrate specificity. While the 4- and 6-sulfates were substrates for many of the fungal enzymes investigated, only a single beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, that from Penicillium chrysogenum, could hydrolyze the 3-sulfated p-nitrophenyl glycoside. Together these results demonstrate the utility of sulfated p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucosaminides for the study of both sulfatases and glycoside hydrolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Loft
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Bojarová P, Denehy E, Walker I, Loft K, De Souza DP, Woo LWL, Potter BVL, McConville MJ, Williams SJ. Direct Evidence for ArOS Bond Cleavage upon Inactivation ofPseudomonas aeruginosa Arylsulfatase by Aryl Sulfamates. Chembiochem 2008; 9:613-23. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Lu CP, Ren CT, Wu SH, Chu CY, Lo LC. Development of an Activity-Based Probe for Steroid Sulfatases. Chembiochem 2007; 8:2187-90. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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20
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Walsh CT, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Gatto GJ. Protein posttranslational modifications: the chemistry of proteome diversifications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 44:7342-72. [PMID: 16267872 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200501023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1057] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of distinct covalent forms of proteins (the proteome) greatly exceeds the number of proteins predicted by DNA coding capacities owing to directed posttranslational modifications. Enzymes dedicated to such protein modifications include 500 human protein kinases, 150 protein phosphatases, and 500 proteases. The major types of protein covalent modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, methylation, and ubiquitylation, can be classified according to the type of amino acid side chain modified, the category of the modifying enzyme, and the extent of reversibility. Chemical events such as protein splicing, green fluorescent protein maturation, and proteasome autoactivations also represent posttranslational modifications. An understanding of the scope and pattern of the many posttranslational modifications in eukaryotic cells provides insight into the function and dynamics of proteome compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Walsh
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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21
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Ciobanu LC, Poirier D. Synthesis of Libraries of 16β-Aminopropyl Estradiol Derivatives for Targeting Two Key Steroidogenic Enzymes. ChemMedChem 2006; 1:1249-59. [PMID: 16986200 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Two libraries, each consisting of 48 16beta-aminopropyl estradiol derivatives, phenols and sulfamates, respectively, were synthesized by solid-phase parallel chemistry through a seven-step reaction sequence. Following the attachment of a C18-steroid sulfamate precursor on a trityl chloride resin, diversity elements were first introduced on the 16beta-aminopropyl chain of the steroid by acylation reactions with eight Fmoc-amino acids. After deprotection, the free amine function of the resulting compounds was reacted with six carboxylic acids for the introduction of a second diversity level. The two variants employed for the cleavage of compounds from the solid support, acidic and nucleophilic, allowed the corresponding libraries of sulfamate and phenol derivatives in yields of 8-50 % and 13-58 % to be obtained with an average HPLC purity of 94 % and 91 %, respectively. Potent steroid sulfatase inhibitors and interesting SAR results were generated from the screening of the sulfamate library. Furthermore, moderate inhibitors of type 1 17beta-HSD resulted from the partial screening of phenol library. Thus, these two categories of compounds were synthesized to rapidly identify potential inhibitors of steroid biosynthesis for the hormonal therapy of estrogen-dependent diseases, and also to demonstrate the versatility and efficiency of the recently developed sulfamate linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liviu C Ciobanu
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, CHUQ-Pavillon CHUL, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Québec, Canada
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22
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Walsh CT, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Gatto GJ. Posttranslationale Proteinmodifikation: die Chemie der Proteomdiversifizierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Wallner SR, Bauer M, Würdemann C, Wecker P, Glöckner FO, Faber K. Highly Enantioselectivesec-Alkyl Sulfatase Activity of the Marine PlanctomyceteRhodopirellula baltica Shows Retention of Configuration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:6381-4. [PMID: 16161167 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200501955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine R Wallner
- Research Centre for Applied Biocatalysis, Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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24
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Wallner SR, Bauer M, Würdemann C, Wecker P, Glöckner FO, Faber K. Highly Enantioselectivesec-Alkyl Sulfatase Activity of the Marine PlanctomyceteRhodopirellula baltica Shows Retention of Configuration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kreativität belohnt: J. M. DeSimone / Kreative Synthesen: C.-H. Wong / S. I. Stupp erhält Polymer-Preis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200462496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Creativity Rewarded: J. M. DeSimone / Creative Synthesis: C.-H. Wong / S. I. Stupp Receives Polymer Award. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200462496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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