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Zhao Z, Wang J, Du Z, Li Y, Sun Q, Jin H. Kinetic Resolution of β-Alkyl Phenylethylamine Derivatives through Palladium-Catalyzed, Nosylamide-Directed C-H Olefination. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041852. [PMID: 36838841 PMCID: PMC9967062 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed C-H activation reactions have attracted the attention of organic researchers due to their unique high selectivity, broad functional group tolerance, and high efficiency, and they are widely used in natural products and asymmetric synthesis. Here, we report an example of enantioselective C-H alkenylation between β-alkyl phenylethylamine compounds and styrenes with Boc-L-lle-OH as the ligand and nosylamide as the directing group. This reaction is applicable to styrene containing various electron-deficient and electron-donating substitutions and may be utilized for the synthesis of benzoazepine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiteng Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuzhu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (H.J.)
| | - Huizi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (H.J.)
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2
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Wang M, Liu X, Wang L, Lu H, Gao H. Cooperative Gold/Zinc‐Catalyzed Cascade Approach to Tryptophan Derivatives from N‐arylhydroxylamines and Alkynes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Shandong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 27 South Shanda Road 250100 Ji'nan CHINA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Shandong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 27 South Shanda Road 250100 Ji'nan CHINA
| | - Liying Wang
- Shandong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 27 South Shanda Road 250100 Ji'nan CHINA
| | - Haifeng Lu
- Shandong University School of chemistry and chemical engineering CHINA
| | - Hongyin Gao
- Shandong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 27 South Shanda Road 250100 Ji'nan CHINA
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3
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Bonjoch J, Diaba F. Radical Reactions in Alkaloid Synthesis: A Perspective from Carbon Radical Precursors. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Bonjoch
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB Universitat de Barcelona Av. Joan XXIII s/n 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Faiza Diaba
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB Universitat de Barcelona Av. Joan XXIII s/n 08028 Barcelona Spain
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4
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Zhang B, Zheng W, Wang X, Sun D, Li C. Total Synthesis of Notoamides F, I, and R and Sclerotiamide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10435-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Deqian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Chaozhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University of Technology; 89 Cuibai Road Ningbo 315016 P.R. China
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5
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Zhang B, Zheng W, Wang X, Sun D, Li C. Total Synthesis of Notoamides F, I, and R and Sclerotiamide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Deqian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Chaozhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University of Technology; 89 Cuibai Road Ningbo 315016 P.R. China
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6
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Amatov T, Pohl R, Císařová I, Jahn U. Synthesis of Bridged Diketopiperazines by Using the Persistent Radical Effect and a Formal Synthesis of Bicyclomycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12153-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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7
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Amatov T, Pohl R, Císařová I, Jahn U. Synthese überbrückter Diketopiperazine mit Hilfe des persistenten Radikaleffekts und eine formale Synthese von Bicyclomycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Smith JM, Moreno J, Boal BW, Garg NK. Kaskadenreaktionen in der Totalsynthese von Akuammilin-Alkaloiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Smith JM, Moreno J, Boal BW, Garg NK. Cascade reactions: a driving force in akuammiline alkaloid total synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:400-12. [PMID: 25346244 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The akuammiline alkaloids are a family of intricate natural products which have received considerable attention from scientists worldwide. Despite the fact that many members of this alkaloid class were discovered over 50 years ago, synthetic chemistry has been unable to address their architectures until recently. This minireview provides a brief overview of the rich history of the akuammiline alkaloids, including their isolation, structural features, biological activity, and proposed biosyntheses. Furthermore, several recently completed total syntheses are discussed in detail. These examples not only serve to highlight modern achievements in alkaloid total synthesis, but also demonstrate how the molecular scaffolds of the akuammilines have provided inspiration for the discovery and implementation of innovative cascade reactions for the rapid assembly of complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (USA) http://www.chem.ucla.edu/dept/Faculty/garg/Garg_Group/Home.html
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Teng M, Zi W, Ma D. Total Synthesis of the Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloid (±)-Aspidophylline A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1814-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Teng M, Zi W, Ma D. Total Synthesis of the Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloid (±)-Aspidophylline A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Wei Y, Zhao D, Ma D. Total Synthesis of the Indole Alkaloid (±)- and (+)-MethylN-Decarbomethoxychanofruticosinate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12988-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Wei Y, Zhao D, Ma D. Total Synthesis of the Indole Alkaloid (±)- and (+)-MethylN-Decarbomethoxychanofruticosinate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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Singh N, Allam BK, Raghuvanshi DS, Singh KN. An Efficient Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride (TBAF)-Catalyzed Three-Component Synthesis of 3-Substituted Indole Derivatives under Solvent-Free Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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15
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Watanabe T, Umezawa N, Kato N, Higuchi T. Synthesis of the Carbon Framework of Scholarisine A by Intramolecular Oxidative Coupling. Chemistry 2013; 19:4255-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Funktionalisierung von C-H-Bindungen: neue Synthesemethoden für Naturstoffe und Pharmazeutika. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 756] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Yamaguchi J, Yamaguchi AD, Itami K. CH Bond Functionalization: Emerging Synthetic Tools for Natural Products and Pharmaceuticals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8960-9009. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2423] [Impact Index Per Article: 201.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Guo F, Clift MD, Thomson RJ. Oxidative Coupling of Enolates, Enol Silanes and Enamines: Methods and Natural Product Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2012; 2012:4881-4896. [PMID: 23471479 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative coupling of enolates, enol silanes, and enamines provides a direct method for the construction of useful 1,4-dicarbonyl synthons. Despite being first reported in 1935, with subsequent important advances beginning in the 1970's, the development of this powerful reaction into a reliable methodology was somewhat limited. In recent years, there have been a number of reports from several research groups demonstrating advances in several neglected areas of oxidative coupling. This microreview summarizes these new advances in methodology and provides an overview of recent natural product syntheses that showcase the power of these transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghai Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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19
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Larson RT, Clift MD, Thomson RJ. Total Synthesis of the Galbulimima Alkaloid (−)-GB17. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Larson RT, Clift MD, Thomson RJ. Total synthesis of the Galbulimima alkaloid (-)-GB17. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:2481-4. [PMID: 22287499 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reed T Larson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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21
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Gerfaud T, Xie C, Neuville L, Zhu J. Protecting-Group-Free Total Synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-Alstoscholarine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3954-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Gerfaud T, Xie C, Neuville L, Zhu J. Protecting-Group-Free Total Synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-Alstoscholarine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Haag BA, Zhang ZG, Li JS, Knochel P. Fischer-Indolsynthese mit Organozinkreagentien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Haag BA, Zhang ZG, Li JS, Knochel P. Fischer Indole Synthesis with Organozinc Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:9513-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Afagh N, Yudin A. Chemoselectivity and the Curious Reactivity Preferences of Functional Groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:262-310. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200901317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Afagh
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6 (Canada)
| | - Andrei K. Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6 (Canada)
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26
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Afagh N, Yudin A. Chemoselektivität und die eigentümlichen Reaktivitäten funktioneller Gruppen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200901317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Afagh
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6 (Kanada)
| | - Andrei K. Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6 (Kanada)
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Luzung MR, Lewis CA, Baran PS. Direct, chemoselective N-tert-prenylation of indoles by C-H functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:7025-9. [PMID: 19701955 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Luzung
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10650 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Luzung M, Lewis C, Baran P. Direct, ChemoselectiveN-tert-Prenylation of Indoles by CH Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Greshock TJ, Grubbs AW, Jiao P, Wicklow DT, Gloer JB, Williams RM. Isolation, structure elucidation, and biomimetic total synthesis of versicolamide B, and the isolation of antipodal (-)-stephacidin A and (+)-notoamide B from Aspergillus versicolor NRRL 35600. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:3573-7. [PMID: 18389509 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Greshock
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Greshock T, Grubbs A, Jiao P, Wicklow D, Gloer J, Williams R. Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Biomimetic Total Synthesis of Versicolamide B, and the Isolation of Antipodal (−)-Stephacidin A and (+)-Notoamide B fromAspergillus versicolor NRRL 35600. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Trost BM, Müller C. Asymmetric Friedel−Crafts Alkylation of Pyrroles with Nitroalkenes Using a Dinuclear Zinc Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:2438-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja711080y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry M. Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
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Richter JM, Whitefield BW, Maimone TJ, Lin DW, Castroviejo MP, Baran PS. Scope and mechanism of direct indole and pyrrole couplings adjacent to carbonyl compounds: total synthesis of acremoauxin A and oxazinin 3. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:12857-69. [PMID: 17900115 PMCID: PMC2631414 DOI: 10.1021/ja074392m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Full details are provided for a recently invented method to couple indoles and pyrroles to carbonyl compounds. The reaction is ideally suited for structurally complex substrates and exhibits high levels of chemoselectivity (functional group tolerability), regioselectivity (coupling occurs exclusively at C-3 of indole or C-2 of pyrrole), stereoselectivity (substrate control), and practicality (amenable to scaleup). In addition, quaternary stereocenters are easily and predictably generated. The reaction has been applied to a number of synthetic problems including total syntheses of members of the hapalindole family of natural products, ketorolac, acremoauxin A, and oxazinin 3. Mechanistically, this coupling protocol appears to operate by a single electron-transfer process requiring generation of an electron-deficient radical adjacent to a carbonyl which is then intercepted by an indole or pyrrole anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Richter
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Brandon W. Whitefield
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Thomas J. Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - David W. Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - M. Pilar Castroviejo
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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Grubbs AW, Artman GD, Tsukamoto S, Williams RM. A Concise Total Synthesis of the Notoamides C and D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:2257-61. [PMID: 17304609 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan W Grubbs
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Greshock TJ, Grubbs AW, Tsukamoto S, Williams RM. A Concise, Biomimetic Total Synthesis of Stephacidin A and Notoamide B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:2262-5. [PMID: 17304610 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Greshock
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Greshock T, Grubbs A, Tsukamoto S, Williams R. A Concise, Biomimetic Total Synthesis of Stephacidin A and Notoamide B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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36
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Grubbs A, Artman G, Tsukamoto S, Williams R. A Concise Total Synthesis of the Notoamides C and D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
The design and implementation of cascade reactions is a challenging facet of organic chemistry, yet one that can impart striking novelty, elegance, and efficiency to synthetic strategies. The application of cascade reactions to natural products synthesis represents a particularly demanding task, but the results can be both stunning and instructive. This Review highlights selected examples of cascade reactions in total synthesis, with particular emphasis on recent applications therein. The examples discussed herein illustrate the power of these processes in the construction of complex molecules and underscore their future potential in chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10650 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Escolano C. Stephacidin B, the avrainvillamide dimer: a formidable synthetic challenge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:7670-3. [PMID: 16252300 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Escolano
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain.
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Baran PS, Hafensteiner BD, Ambhaikar NB, Guerrero CA, Gallagher JD. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Avrainvillamide and the Stephacidins. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:8678-93. [PMID: 16802835 DOI: 10.1021/ja061660s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this article, full details regarding our total synthesis of avrainvillamide and the stephacidins are presented. After an introduction and summary of prior synthetic studies in this family of structurally complex anticancer natural products, the evolution of a final synthetic approach is described. Thus, a thorough description of three separate model studies is provided for construction of the characteristic bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring system common to these alkaloids. The first and second approaches sought to build the core using formal Diels-Alder and vinyl radical pathways, respectively. Although these strategies failed in their primary objective, they fostered the development of a new and mechanistically intriguing method for the synthesis of indolic enamides such as those found in numerous bioactive natural products. The scope and generality of this simple method for the direct dehydrogenation of tryptophan derivatives is described. Finally, details of a third and successful route to the core of these alkaloids are described which features oxidative C-C bond formation. Specifically, the first heterocoupling of two different types of carbonyl species (ester and amide) is accomplished in good yield, on a preparative scale, and with complete stereocontrol. The information gained in these model studies enabled an enantioselective total synthesis of stephacidin A. The absolute configuration of these alkaloids was firmly established in collaboration with Professor William Fenical. A full account of our successful efforts to convert stephacidin A into stephacidin B via avrainvillamide is presented. Finally, the first analogues of these natural products have been prepared and evaluated for anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Baran PS, Richter JM. Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Welwitindolinone A and Fischerindoles I and G. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:15394-6. [PMID: 16262402 DOI: 10.1021/ja056171r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first total syntheses of welwitindolinone A and the most complex members of the fischerindole family, fischerindoles I and G, are reported. Highlights of these short, protecting-group-free syntheses include the application of the recently developed direct indole-carbonyl coupling, a simple approach for installing the quaternary center with neighboring chlorine atom, a regioselective dehydrogenation/dehydration cascade to access fischerindole I, and a remarkably facile oxidative ring contraction to construct welwitindolinone A. An alternative biogenetic hypothesis, whose accuracy is suggested by the success of the current syntheses, is also put forth for this alkaloid family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Baran PS, Guerrero CA, Hafensteiner BD, Ambhaikar NB. Total Synthesis of Avrainvillamide (CJ-17,665) and Stephacidin B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:3892-5. [PMID: 15900526 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200500655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, 10650 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Baran PS, Guerrero CA, Hafensteiner BD, Ambhaikar NB. Total Synthesis of Avrainvillamide (CJ-17,665) and Stephacidin B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200500655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Baran PS, Shenvi RA, Mitsos CA. A Remarkable Ring Contraction En Route to the Chartelline Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200500522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Baran PS, Shenvi RA, Mitsos CA. A Remarkable Ring Contraction En Route to the Chartelline Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:3714-7. [PMID: 15900528 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200500522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10650 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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