1
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Swann WA, Yadav A, Colvin NB, Freundl NK, Li CW. Diastereoselective Hydrogenation of Tetrasubstituted Olefins using a Heterogeneous Pt-Ni Alloy Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317710. [PMID: 38407502 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Stereoselective hydrogenation of tetrasubstituted olefins is an attractive method to access compounds with two contiguous stereocenters. However, homogeneous catalysts for enantio- and diastereoselective hydrogenation exhibit low reactivity toward tetrasubstituted olefins due to steric crowding between the ligand scaffold and the substrate. Monometallic heterogeneous catalysts, on the other hand, provide accessible surface active sites for hindered olefins but exhibit unpredictable and inconsistent stereoinduction. In this work, we develop a Pt-Ni bimetallic alloy catalyst that can diastereoselectively hydrogenate unactivated, sterically-bulky tetrasubstituted olefins, utilizing the more oxophilic Ni atoms to adsorb a hydroxyl directing group and direct facially-selective hydrogen addition to the olefin via the Pt atoms. Structure-activity studies on several Pt-Ni compositions underscore the importance of exposing a uniform PtNi alloy surface to achieve high diastereoselectivity and minimize side reactions. The optimized Pt-Ni/SiO2 catalyst exhibits good functional group tolerance and broad scope for tetrasubstituted olefins in a cyclopentene scaffold, generating cyclopentanol products with three contiguous stereocenters. The synthetic utility of the method is demonstrated in a four-step synthesis of (1R,2S)-(+)-cis-methyldihydrojasmonate with high yield and enantiopurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Swann
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Anish Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nicholas B Colvin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nicole K Freundl
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Christina W Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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2
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Zhou D, Chu W, Chen H, Xu J. Exploration of Directing-Group-Assisted, Copper-Mediated Radiofluorination and Radiosynthesis of [ 18F]Olaparib. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:116-122. [PMID: 38229754 PMCID: PMC10788942 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper-mediated radiofluorination (CMRF) of organoboronic precursors is the method of choice for late-stage radiofluorination of aromatic compounds as positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers. However, CMRF generally requires harsh reaction conditions, a large amount of substrates, and harsh solvents (e.g., DMA) to proceed, affording variable radiochemical yields (RCYs). Using [18F]tosyl fluoride as the source of [18F]fluoride, we have found a highly efficient CMRF of organoboronic precursors, assisted by a directing group (DG) at the ortho position. The reaction can be carried out under mild conditions (even at room temperature) in acetonitrile and results in high RCYs, providing a novel strategy for the radiofluorination of aromatic compounds. The exploration of this strategy also provided more information about side reactions in CMRF. Using this strategy, [18F]olaparib has been radiosynthesized in high RCYs, with high molar activity and high chemical and radiochemical purities, demonstrating the great potential of DG-assisted CMRF in the preparation of 18F-labeled PET radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, School of
Medicine, Washington University in Saint
Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Wenhua Chu
- Department of Radiology, School of
Medicine, Washington University in Saint
Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Huaping Chen
- Department of Radiology, School of
Medicine, Washington University in Saint
Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Department of Radiology, School of
Medicine, Washington University in Saint
Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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3
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Zhang Y, Ma X, Zhang L. Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Azido-2-Deoxyglycosides via Gold-Catalyzed S N2 Glycosylation. CCS Chem 2023; 5:2799-2807. [PMID: 38435838 PMCID: PMC10904020 DOI: 10.31635/ccschem.023.202303086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Highly stereoselective synthesis of 2-azido-2-deoxyglucosides and 2-azido-2-deoxygalactosides is achieved via a gold-catalyzed SN2 glycosylation. The glycosyl donors feature a designed 1-naphthoate leaving group containing an amide group. Upon gold activation of the leaving group, the amide group is optimally positioned to direct an SN2 attack by an acceptor via H-bonding interaction. Both 2-azido-2-deoxyglucosyl/galactosyl donor anomers can undergo stereoinversion at the anomeric position, affording the opposite anomeric glycoside products with excellent levels of stereoselectivity or stereospecificity and in mostly excellent yields. This SN2 glycosylation accommodates a broad range of acceptors. The utility of this chemistry is demonstrated in the synthesis of a trisaccharide featuring three 1,2-cis-2-azido-2-deoxyglycosidic linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Xu Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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4
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Zhao Z, Wang J, Du Z, Li Y, Sun Q, Jin H. Kinetic Resolution of β-Alkyl Phenylethylamine Derivatives through Palladium-Catalyzed, Nosylamide-Directed C-H Olefination. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041852. [PMID: 36838841 PMCID: PMC9967062 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed C-H activation reactions have attracted the attention of organic researchers due to their unique high selectivity, broad functional group tolerance, and high efficiency, and they are widely used in natural products and asymmetric synthesis. Here, we report an example of enantioselective C-H alkenylation between β-alkyl phenylethylamine compounds and styrenes with Boc-L-lle-OH as the ligand and nosylamide as the directing group. This reaction is applicable to styrene containing various electron-deficient and electron-donating substitutions and may be utilized for the synthesis of benzoazepine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiteng Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuzhu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (H.J.)
| | - Huizi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (H.J.)
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5
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Morimoto H. [Development of Unactivated Bond Cleavage Reactions Under Mild Conditions Based on Stabilization of Addition Intermediates]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2023; 143:1005-1012. [PMID: 38044106 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Cleavage of unactivated bonds, such as amides, often requires challenging reaction conditions with strong acids and bases, and the tolerance of functional groups is limited. Therefore, the development of cleavage reactions for unactivated bonds under mild reaction conditions is essential. Herein, I report our recent developments in the cleavage of unactivated bonds under mild conditions. We achieved cleavage of unactivated amides, carbamates, ureas, and esters, as well as chemoselective cleavage of directing groups. Furthermore, we conducted mechanistic studies and found that these reactions proceed through the stabilization of addition intermediates.
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6
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Ni HQ, Cooper P, Yang S, Wang F, Sach N, Bedekar PG, Donaldson JS, Tran-Dubé M, McAlpine IJ, Engle KM. Mapping Ambiphile Reactivity Trends in the Anti-(Hetero)annulation of Non-Conjugated Alkenes via Pd II /Pd IV Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114346. [PMID: 35007393 PMCID: PMC8923970 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we systematically evaluate different ambiphilic organohalides for their ability to participate in anti-selective carbo- or heteroannulation with non-conjugated alkenyl amides under PdII /PdIV catalysis. Detailed optimization of the reaction conditions has led to protocols for synthesizing tetrahydropyridines, tetralins, pyrrolidines, and other carbo/heterocyclic cores via [n+2] (n=3-5) (hetero)annulation. Expansion of scope to otherwise unreactive ambiphilic haloketones through PdII /amine co-catalysis is also demonstrated. Compared to other annulation processes, this method proceeds via a distinct PdII /PdIV mechanism involving Wacker-type directed nucleopalladation. This difference results in unique reactivity and selectivity patterns, as revealed through assessment of reaction scope and competition experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Ni
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Phillippa Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shouliang Yang
- Pfizer Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Fen Wang
- Pfizer Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Neal Sach
- Pfizer Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Pranali G Bedekar
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joyann S Donaldson
- Pfizer Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michelle Tran-Dubé
- Pfizer Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Indrawan J McAlpine
- Pfizer Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Keary M Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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7
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Abstract
A regio- and diastereoselective copper-catalyzed carbomagnesiation of 1,2-dialkylated cyclopropenes is reported. The regioselectivity is controlled by a subtle tethered Lewis basic moiety. The chelating moieties allow the differentiation between two electronically tantamount organometallic intermediates. Further functionalization grants access to polysubstituted stereodefined cyclopropanes bearing up to five alkyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Cohen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
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8
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Matsuura R, Karunananda MK, Liu M, Nguyen N, Blackmond DG, Engle KM. Mechanistic Studies of Pd(II)-Catalyzed E/ Z Isomerization of Unactivated Alkenes: Evidence for a Monometallic Nucleopalladation Pathway. ACS Catal 2021; 11:4239-4246. [PMID: 34422450 PMCID: PMC8372838 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pd(II)-catalyzed E/Z isomerization of alkenes is a common process-yet its mechanism remains largely uncharacterized, particularly with non-conjugated alkenes. In this work, the mechanism of Pd(II)-catalyzed E/Z isomerization of unactivated olefins containing an aminoquinoline-based amide directing group is probed using in situ kinetic analysis, spectroscopic studies, kinetic modeling, and DFT calculations. The directing group allows for stabilization and monitoring of previously undetectable intermediates. Collectively, the data are consistent with isomerization occurring through a monometallic nucleopalladation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | | | - Mingyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Nhi Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Donna G. Blackmond
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
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9
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Nnamdi FU, Diner C, Champagne PA, Organ MG. Experimental and Computational Study on the Anti-Markovnikov Hydrofunctionalization of Olefins Using Glycine-Extended AQ-Auxiliaries. Chemistry 2021; 27:3855-3860. [PMID: 33617055 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two similar tridentate directing groups derived from glycine and 8-aminoquinoline were shown to enable the palladium-catalyzed anti-Markovnikov hydrofunctionalization of 4-pentenylamine with drastically different efficiencies. A computational investigation into the origin of the reactivity difference between these isomeric, carbonyl-transposed auxiliaries suggests that protonation state, thus charge of the substrate-metal complex prior to nucleopalladation is key. These investigations have culminated in a directing group design that can undergo Pd-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization under relatively mild conditions, as low as room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred U Nnamdi
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI), Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Colin Diner
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI), Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Pier Alexandre Champagne
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Michael G Organ
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI), Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
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10
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Landge V, Maxwell JM, Chand-Thakuri P, Kapoor M, Diemler ET, Young MC. Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Arylation of Unprotected Allylamines. JACS Au 2021; 1:13-22. [PMID: 34467268 PMCID: PMC8395680 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed organometallic transformations of free amines are often unsuccessful due to side reactions, such as oxidation, that can occur. However, the ability to furnish the free amine products from these reactions is important for improving the utility and sustainability of these processes, especially for accessing their potential as medicinal and agrochemical agents. Notably, the 3,3-diarylallylamine motif is prevalent in a variety of biologically relevant structures, yet there are few catalytic approaches to their synthesis, and none involving the free amine. Herein, we describe a simple protocol for the arylation of cinnamylamines and the diarylation of terminal allylamines to generate a diverse group of 3,3-diarylallylamine products using a PdII precatalyst. Key features of the method are the ability to access relatively mild conditions that facilitate a broad substrate scope as well as direct diarylation of terminal allylamine substrates. In addition, several complex and therapeutically relevant molecules are included to demonstrate the utility of the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod
G. Landge
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Justin M. Maxwell
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Pratibha Chand-Thakuri
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Evan T. Diemler
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Michael C. Young
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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11
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Sattar M, Kumar N, Yadav P, Mandhar Y, Kumar S. 8-Aminoquinoline-Assisted Synthesis and Crystal Structure Studies of Ferrocenyl Aryl Sulfones. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4807-4813. [PMID: 31659838 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed 8-aminoquinoline-directed oxidative cross-coupling of the C-H bond of ferrocene with sodium arylsulfinates has been achieved. The robust copper catalyst tolerates a range of methyl, tert-butyl, bromo, chloro, iodo and nitro functional groups in the phenyl ring, and set the stage for the synthesis of substituted ferrocene sulfones. Furthermore, X-ray crystal structure study on several ferrocenyl sulfones reveals the tetrahedral geometry around sulfur; interestingly, the O-S-O angle is larger than the electropositive substituent C-S-C angle which could be explained by Bent's rule. Further, unusual intramolecular O(S)⋅⋅⋅N(amide) short contacts (2.925-3) and O(S)⋅⋅⋅C=O were also noticed in ferrocenyl sulfones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moh Sattar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Prateek Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Yogesh Mandhar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Sangit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
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12
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Liu Z, Chen J, Lu HX, Li X, Gao Y, Coombs JR, Goldfogel MJ, Engle KM. Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Directed syn-1,2-Carboboration and -Silylation: Alkene Scope, Applications in Dearomatization, and Stereocontrol by a Chiral Auxiliary. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17068-17073. [PMID: 31538388 PMCID: PMC7337986 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of palladium(0)-catalyzed syn-selective 1,2-carboboration and -silylation reactions of alkenes containing cleavable directing groups. With B2 pin2 or PhMe2 Si-Bpin as nucleophiles and aryl/alkenyl triflates as electrophiles, a broad range of mono-, di-, tri- and tetrasubstituted alkenes are compatible in these transformations. We further describe a directed dearomative 1,2-carboboration of electron-rich heteroarenes by employing this approach. Through use of a removable chiral directing group, we demonstrate the viability of achieving stereoinduction in Heck-type alkene 1,2-difunctionalization. This work introduces new avenues to access highly functionalized boronates and silanes with precise regio- and stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Hou-Xiang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - John R Coombs
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA
| | - Matthew J Goldfogel
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA
| | - Keary M Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
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13
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Abstract
A substrate-directed enantioselective anti-carboboration reaction of alkenes has been developed, wherein a carbon-based nucleophile and a boron moiety are installed across the C=C bond through a 5-membered palladacycle intermediate. A preliminary result also shows it is possible to extend this reaction to alkenes that are more distal from the directing group and react via a 6-membered palladacycle. The reaction is promoted by a palladium(II) catalyst and a monodentate oxazoline ligand. A range of enantioenriched secondary alkylboronate products were obtained with moderate to high enantioselectivity that could be further upgraded by recrystallization. This work represents an efficient method to synthesize versatile and valuable alkylboronate building blocks. Building on an earlier mechanistic proposal by Peng, He, and Chen, a revised model is proposed to account for the stereoconvergent nature of this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tian Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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14
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Masuda Y, Ishida N, Murakami M. Light/Palladium-Promoted Benzylic C-H Acylation Using a Benzoyl Group as the Photo- Directing Group. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:403-406. [PMID: 30589225 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
2-Methylphenyl ketones undergo site-selective acylation at the benzylic position when treated with acid anhydride under UV irradiation in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The benzoyl carbonyl group serves as the photo-directing group so that the ortho benzylic C-H bond is activated site-selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Masuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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15
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Okitsu T, Nakahigashi H, Sugihara R, Fukuda I, Tsuji S, In Y, Wada A. Silyl Group-Directed 6-exo-dig Iodocyclization of Homopropargylic Carbamates and Amides. Chemistry 2018; 24:18638-18642. [PMID: 30311697 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Iodocyclization of silyl group-substituted homopropargylic carbamates and amides proceeded via 6-exo-dig mode to afford 6-vinylene-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazines in moderate to quantitative yields. This is the first report for silyl group-solely directed iodocyclization of alkynes utilizing the β-silyl effect. Under these mild reaction conditions, various functionalities such as secondary alcohol, acetal, urea, and sulfide were tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Okitsu
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Hikaru Nakahigashi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sugihara
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Ikki Fukuda
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Saki Tsuji
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Yasuko In
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Akimori Wada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
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16
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Andrzejewska MR, Vuram PK, Pottabathini N, Gurram V, Relangi SS, Korvinson KA, Doddipalla R, Stahl L, Neary MC, Pradhan P, Sharma S, Lakshman MK. The Disappearing Director: The Case of Directed N-Arylation via a Removable Hydroxyl Group. Adv Synth Catal 2018; 360:2503-2510. [PMID: 30559638 PMCID: PMC6294448 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A facile and broadly applicable method for the regiospecific N-arylation of benzotriazoles is reported. Copper-mediated reactions of diverse 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazoles with aryl boronic acids lead to 1-aryl-1H-benzotriazole 3-oxides. A N1-OH → N3 prototropy in the 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazoles is plausibly the underlying basis, where the tautomer is captured by the boronic acid, leading to C-N (not C-O) bond formation. Because the N-O bond in amine N-oxides and 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazoles can be easily reduced by diboron reagents such as (pinB)2 and B2(OH)4, exposure of the 1-aryl-1H-benzotriazole 3-oxides to B2(OH)4 then leads to facile reduction of the N-O bond resulting in diverse, regiospecifically-arylated benzotriazoles. Thus, the N-hydroxyl group in 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazoles acts as a disposable arylation director.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena R. Andrzejewska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Prasanna K. Vuram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Narender Pottabathini
- Discovery Services, GVK Biosciences, Pvt. Ltd., 28A IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, Telangana, India
| | - Venkateshwarlu Gurram
- Discovery Services, GVK Biosciences, Pvt. Ltd., 28A IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, Telangana, India
| | - Siva Subrahmanyam Relangi
- Discovery Services, GVK Biosciences, Pvt. Ltd., 28A IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, Telangana, India
| | - Kirill A. Korvinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, USA
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Raju Doddipalla
- Discovery Services, GVK Biosciences, Pvt. Ltd., 28A IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, Telangana, India
| | - Lothar Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, USA
| | - Michelle C. Neary
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Padmanava Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Somesh Sharma
- Discovery Services, GVK Biosciences, Pvt. Ltd., 28A IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, Telangana, India
| | - Mahesh K. Lakshman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, USA
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
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17
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Schaufelberger F, Timmer BJJ, Ramström O. Resolving a Reactive Organometallic Intermediate from Dynamic Directing Group Systems by Selective C-H Activation. Chemistry 2018; 24:101-104. [PMID: 29149517 PMCID: PMC5836886 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Catalyst discovery from systems of potential precursors is a challenging endeavor. Herein, a new strategy applying dynamic chemistry to the identification of catalyst precursors from C-H activation of imines is proposed and evaluated. Using hydroacylation of imines as a model reaction, the selection of an organometallic reactive intermediate from a dynamic imine system, involving many potential directing group/metal entities, is demonstrated. The identity of the amplified reaction intermediate with the best directing group could be resolved in situ by ESI-MS, and coupling of the procedure to an iterative deconvolution protocol generated a system with high screening efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Schaufelberger
- Department of ChemistryKTH–Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 3610044StockholmSweden
| | - Brian J. J. Timmer
- Department of ChemistryKTH–Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 3610044StockholmSweden
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of ChemistryKTH–Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 3610044StockholmSweden
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Massachusetts Lowell1 University Ave.LowellMA01854USA
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18
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Reay AJ, Hammarback LA, Bray JTW, Sheridan T, Turnbull D, Whitwood AC, Fairlamb IJS. Mild and Regioselective Pd(OAc) 2-Catalyzed C-H Arylation of Tryptophans by [ArN 2]X, Promoted by Tosic Acid. ACS Catal 2017; 7:5174-5179. [PMID: 28824821 PMCID: PMC5557615 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
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A regioselective
Pd-mediated C–H bond arylation methodology
for tryptophans, utilizing stable aryldiazonium salts, affords C2-arylated
tryptophan derivatives, in several cases quantitatively. The reactions
proceed in air, without base, and at room temperature in EtOAc. The
synthetic methodology has been evaluated and compared against other
tryptophan derivative arylation methods using the CHEM21 green chemistry
toolkit. The behavior of the Pd catalyst species has been probed in
preliminary mechanistic studies, which indicate that the reaction
is operating homogeneously, although Pd nanoparticles are formed during
substrate turnover. The effects of these higher order Pd species on
catalysis, under the reaction conditions examined, appear to be minimal:
e.g., acting as a Pd reservoir in the latter stages of substrate turnover
or as a moribund form (derived from catalyst deactivation). We have
determined that TsOH shortens the induction period observed when [ArN2]BF4 salts are employed with Pd(OAc)2. Pd(OTs)2(MeCN)2 was found to be a superior
precatalyst (confirmed by kinetic studies) in comparison to Pd(OAc)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Reay
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | | | | | - Thomas Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - David Turnbull
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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19
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Zheng L, Hua R. C-H Activation and Alkyne Annulation via Automatic or Intrinsic Directing Groups: Towards High Step Economy. CHEM REC 2017; 18:556-569. [PMID: 28681990 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Direct transformation of carbon-hydrogen bond (C-H) has emerged to be a trend for construction of molecules from building blocks with no or less prefunctionalization, leading high atom and step economy. Directing group (DG) strategy is widely used to achieve higher reactivity and selectivity, but additional steps are usually needed for installation and/or cleavage of DGs, limiting step economy of the overall transformation. To meet this challenge, we proposed a concept of automatic DG (DGauto ), which is auto-installed and/or auto-cleavable. Multifunctional oxime and hydrazone DGauto were designed for C-H activation and alkyne annulation to furnish diverse nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Imidazole was employed as an intrinsic DG (DGin ) to synthesize ring-fused and π-extended functional molecules. The alkyne group in the substrates can also be served as DGin for ortho-C-H activation to afford carbocycles. In this account, we intend to give a review of our progress in this area and brief introduction of other related advances on C-H functionalization using DGauto or DGin strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ruimao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
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20
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Cao X, Wan JP. Synthesis of β-arylated alkylamides via Pd-catalyzed one-pot installation of a directing group and C(sp(3))-H arylation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1122-6. [PMID: 27340500 PMCID: PMC4902048 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of β-arylated alkylamides via alkyl C-H bond arylation has been realized by means of direct one-pot reactions of acyl chlorides, aryl iodides and 8-aminoquinoline. Depending on the structure of the starting materials, both single and double β-arylated alkylamides could be accessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoji Cao
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Huang
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W Taylor St, Rm 4500, Chicago, IL 60607 (USA)
| | - Nugzar Ghavtadze
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W Taylor St, Rm 4500, Chicago, IL 60607 (USA)
| | - Benhur Godoi
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W Taylor St, Rm 4500, Chicago, IL 60607 (USA)
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W Taylor St, Rm 4500, Chicago, IL 60607 (USA)
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