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Bruckner EP, Curk T, Đorđević L, Wang Z, Yang Y, Qiu R, Dannenhoffer AJ, Sai H, Kupferberg J, Palmer LC, Luijten E, Stupp SI. Hybrid Nanocrystals of Small Molecules and Chemically Disordered Polymers. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8993-9003. [PMID: 35588377 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic crystals formed by small molecules can be highly functional but are often brittle or insoluble structures with limited possibilities for use or processing from a liquid phase. A possible solution is the nanoscale integration of polymers into organic crystals without sacrificing long-range order and therefore function. This enables the organic crystals to benefit from the advantageous mechanical and chemical properties of the polymeric component. We report here on a strategy in which small molecules cocrystallize with side chains of chemically disordered polymers to create hybrid nanostructures containing a highly ordered lattice. Synchrotron X-ray scattering, absorption spectroscopy, and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the polymer backbones form an "exo-crystalline" layer of disordered chains that wrap around the nanostructures, becoming a handle for interesting properties. The morphology of this "hybrid bonding polymer" nanostructure is dictated by the competition between the polymers' entropy and the enthalpy of the lattice allowing for control over the aspect ratio of the nanocrystal by changing the degree of polymer integration. We observed that nanostructures with an exo-crystalline layer of polymer exhibit enhanced fracture strength, self-healing capacity, and dispersion in water, which benefits their use as light-harvesting assemblies in photocatalysis. Guided by computation, future work could further explore these hybrid nanostructures as components for functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Bruckner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tine Curk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Luka Đorđević
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Ruomeng Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Adam J Dannenhoffer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hiroaki Sai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Jacob Kupferberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Liam C Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Erik Luijten
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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2
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Chakraborty A, Manna RN, Paul A, Ghosh S. Externally Regulated Specific Molecular Recognition Driven Pathway Selectivity in Supramolecular Polymerization. Chemistry 2021; 27:11458-11467. [PMID: 33978984 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This article reveals 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) regulated pathway selectivity in the supramolecular polymerization of a naphthalene-diimide derivative (NDI-1), appended with a carboxylic acid group. In decane, NDI-1 produces ill-defined aggregate (Agg-1) due to different H-bonding motifs of the -COOH group. With one mole equivalent DMAP, the NDI-1/DMAP complex introduces new nucleation condition and exhibits a cooperative supramolecular polymerization producing J-aggregated fibrillar nanostructure (Agg-2). With 10 % DMAP and fast cooling (10 K/min), similar nucleation and open chain H-bonding with the free monomer in an anti-parallel arrangement produces identical J-aggregate (Agg-2a). With 2.5 % DMAP and slow cooling (1 K/min), a distinct nucleation and supramolecular polymerization pathway emerge leading to the thermodynamically controlled Agg-3 with face-to-face stacking and 2D-morphology. Slow cooling with 5-10 % DMAP produces a mixture of Agg-2a and Agg-3. Computational modelling studies provide valuable insights into the internal order and the pathway complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Chakraborty
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, India-, 700032
| | - Rabindra Nath Manna
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, India-, 700032
| | - Ankan Paul
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, India-, 700032
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, India-, 700032
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Tsuchida Y, Aratsu K, Hiraoka S, Yoshizawa M. An Aromatic Oligomer Micelle: Large Enthalpic Stabilization and Selective Oligothiophene Uptake. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12754-12758. [PMID: 33773001 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An aromatic oligomer micelle, featuring both high stability and high uptake ability, was quantitatively formed in water from amphiphilic oligomers, composed of three bent polyaromatic amphiphiles connected alternately by two hydrophilic chains. The well-defined micelle, with a diameter of ca. 2 nm, remains intact even under highly diluted conditions (ca. 3 μM) and at elevated temperature (>130 °C), due to the polyaromatic chelate effect. The thermodynamic studies reveal that large enthalpic gain (ΔH=-110 kJ mol-1 ) is the key for the micelle formation. The oligomer micelle selectively encapsulates unsubstituted oligothiophenes (≥4-mer) to a high degree and the resultant, aqueous host-guest complexes display unusual emission derived from the multiply stacked oligomers. Furthermore, facile uptake and release of unsubstituted polythiophenes can be achieved using the oligomer micelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Tsuchida
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Keisuke Aratsu
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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4
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Tsuchida Y, Aratsu K, Hiraoka S, Yoshizawa M. An Aromatic Oligomer Micelle: Large Enthalpic Stabilization and Selective Oligothiophene Uptake. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Tsuchida
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Keisuke Aratsu
- Department of Basic Science Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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5
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Liu Y, Pujals S, Stals PJM, Paulöhrl T, Presolski SI, Meijer EW, Albertazzi L, Palmans ARA. Catalytically Active Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles: Exploring Their Functions in Complex Biological Media. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3423-3433. [PMID: 29457449 PMCID: PMC5997400 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) are intriguing, bioinspired architectures that result from the collapse or folding of an individual polymer chain into a nanometer-sized particle. Here we present a detailed biophysical study on the behavior of dynamic SCPNs in living cells and an evaluation of their catalytic functionality in such a complex medium. We first developed a number of delivery strategies that allowed the selective localization of SCPNs in different cellular compartments. Live/dead tests showed that the SCPNs were not toxic to cells while spectral imaging revealed that SCPNs provide a structural shielding and reduced the influence from the outer biological media. The ability of SCPNs to act as catalysts in biological media was first assessed by investigating their potential for reactive oxygen species generation. With porphyrins covalently attached to the SCPNs, singlet oxygen was generated upon irradiation with light, inducing spatially controlled cell death. In addition, Cu(I)- and Pd(II)-based SCPNs were prepared and these catalysts were screened in vitro and studied in cellular environments for the carbamate cleavage reaction of rhodamine-based substrates. This is a model reaction for the uncaging of bioactive compounds such as cytotoxic drugs for catalysis-based cancer therapy. We observed that the rate of the deprotection depends on both the organometallic catalysts and the nature of the protective group. The rate reduces from in vitro to the biological environment, indicating a strong influence of biomolecules on catalyst performance. The Cu(I)-based SCPNs in combination with the dimethylpropargyloxycarbonyl protective group showed the best performances both in vitro and in biological environment, making this group promising in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliu Liu
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sílvia Pujals
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrick J. M. Stals
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Paulöhrl
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stanislav I. Presolski
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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6
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Bhattacharyya A, Sanyal MK, Mogera U, George SJ, Mukhopadhyay MK, Maiti S, Kulkarni GU. In-Situ GISAXS Study of Supramolecular Nanofibers having Ultrafast Humidity Sensitivity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:246. [PMID: 28325936 PMCID: PMC5428228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Self assembled nanofibers derived from donor-acceptor (D-A) pair of dodecyl methyl viologen (DMV) and potassium salt of coronene tetracarboxylate (CS) is an excellent material for the development of organic electronic devices particularly for ultrafast response to relative humidity (RH). Here we have presented the results of in-situ grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS) measurements to understand aridity dependent self reorganization of the nanofibers. The instantaneous changes in the organization of the nanofibers was monitored with different equilibrium RH conditions. Additionally formation of nanofibers during drying was studied by GISAXS technique - the results show two distinct stages of structural arrangements, first the formation of a lamellar mesophase and then, the evolution of a distorted hexagonal lattice. The RH dependent GISAXS results revealed a high degree of swelling in the lattice of the micelles and reduction in the distortion of the hexagonal structure with increase in RH. In high RH condition, the nanofibers show elliptical distortion but could not break into lamellar phase as observed during formation through drying. This observed structural deformation gives insight into nanoscopic structural changes of the micelles with change in RH around it and in turn explains ultrafast sensitivity in its conductivity for RH variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Bhattacharyya
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700 064, India
| | - Milan K Sanyal
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700 064, India. .,Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India.
| | - Umesha Mogera
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Subi J George
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | | | - Santanu Maiti
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700 064, India
| | - Giridhar U Kulkarni
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India.,Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Jalahalli P.O., Bangalore, 560013, India
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7
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Catalysis Inside Folded Single Macromolecules in Water. EFFECTS OF NANOCONfiNEMENT ON CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50207-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Elacqua E, Croom A, Manning KB, Pomarico SK, Lye D, Young L, Weck M. Supramolecular Diblock Copolymers Featuring Well-defined Telechelic Building Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Elacqua
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry; New York University; 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Anna Croom
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry; New York University; 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Kylie B. Manning
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry; New York University; 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Scott K. Pomarico
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry; New York University; 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Diane Lye
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry; New York University; 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Lauren Young
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry; New York University; 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry; New York University; 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
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9
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Elacqua E, Croom A, Manning KB, Pomarico SK, Lye D, Young L, Weck M. Supramolecular Diblock Copolymers Featuring Well-defined Telechelic Building Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15873-15878. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Elacqua
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry; New York University; 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Anna Croom
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry; New York University; 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Kylie B. Manning
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry; New York University; 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Scott K. Pomarico
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry; New York University; 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Diane Lye
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry; New York University; 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Lauren Young
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry; New York University; 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry; New York University; 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
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10
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Chen L, Wang H, Zhang DW, Zhou Y, Li ZT. Quadruple Switching of Pleated Foldamers of Tetrathiafulvalene-Bipyridinium Alternating Dynamic Covalent Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4028-31. [PMID: 25651411 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433 (China)
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11
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Chen L, Wang H, Zhang DW, Zhou Y, Li ZT. Quadruple Switching of Pleated Foldamers of Tetrathiafulvalene-Bipyridinium Alternating Dynamic Covalent Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Domoto Y, Sase S, Goto K. Efficient End-Capping Synthesis of Neutral Donor-Acceptor [2]Rotaxanes Under Additive-Free and Mild Conditions. Chemistry 2014; 20:15998-6005. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Das A, Ghosh S. Supramolekulare Anordnungen mit Charge-Transfer-Wechselwirkungen zwischen Donor- und Akzeptor-Chromophoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Das A, Ghosh S. Supramolecular Assemblies by Charge-Transfer Interactions between Donor and Acceptor Chromophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2038-54. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Das A, Ghosh S. Stimuli-Responsive Self-Assembly of a Naphthalene Diimide by Orthogonal Hydrogen Bonding and Its Coassembly with a Pyrene Derivative by a Pseudo-Intramolecular Charge-Transfer Interaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:1092-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Das A, Ghosh S. Stimuli-Responsive Self-Assembly of a Naphthalene Diimide by Orthogonal Hydrogen Bonding and Its Coassembly with a Pyrene Derivative by a Pseudo-Intramolecular Charge-Transfer Interaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201308396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Nakashima T, Yamamoto K, Kimura Y, Kawai T. Chiral Photoresponsive Tetrathiazoles That Provide Snapshots of Folding States. Chemistry 2013; 19:16972-80. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Goel M, Jayakannan M. Herringbone and Helical Self-Assembly of π-Conjugated Molecules in the Solid State through CH/π Hydrogen Bonds. Chemistry 2012; 18:11987-93. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Das A, Molla MR, Maity B, Koley D, Ghosh S. Hydrogen-bonding induced alternate stacking of donor (D) and acceptor (A) chromophores and their supramolecular switching to segregated states. Chemistry 2012; 18:9849-59. [PMID: 22782621 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports comprehensive studies on the mixed assembly of bis-(trialkoxybenzamide)-functionalized dialkoxynaphthalene (DAN) donors and naphthalene-diimide (NDI) acceptors due the cooperative effects of hydrogen bonding, charge-transfer (CT) interactions, and solvophobic effects. A series of DAN as well as NDI building blocks have been examined (wherein the relative distance between the two amide groups in a particular chromophore is the variable structural parameter) to understand the structure-dependent variation in mode of supramolecular assembly and morphology (organogel, reverse vesicle, etc.) of the self-assembled material. Interestingly, it was observed that when the amide functionalities are introduced to enhance the self-assembly propensity, the mode of co-assembly among the DAN and NDI chromophores no longer remained trivial and was dictated by a relatively stronger hydrogen-bonding interaction instead of a weak CT interaction. Consequently, in a highly non-polar solvent like methylcyclohexane (MCH), although kinetically controlled CT-gelation was initially noticed, within a few hours the system sacrificed the CT-interaction and switched over to the more stable self-sorted gel to maximize the gain in enthalpy from the hydrogen-bonding interaction. In contrast, in a relatively less non-polar solvent such as tetrachloroethylene (TCE), in which the strength of hydrogen bonding is inherently weak, the contribution of the CT interaction also had to be accounted for along with hydrogen bonding leading to a stable CT-state in the gel or solution phase. The stability and morphology of the CT complex and rate of supramolecular switching (from CT to segregated state) were found to be greatly influenced by subtle structural variation of the building blocks, solvent polarity, and the DAN/NDI ratio. For example, in a given D-A pair, by introducing just one methylene unit in the spacer segment of either of the building blocks a complete change in the mode of co-assembly (CT state or segregated state) and the morphology (1D fiber to 2D reverse vesicle) was observed. The role of solvent polarity, structural variation, and D/A ratio on the nature of co-assembly, morphology, and the unprecedented supramolecular-switching phenomenon have been studied by detail spectroscopic and microscopic experiments in a gel as well as in the solution state and are well supported by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Das
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Rd. Kolkata-700032, India
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Goel M, Jayakannan M. CH/π-Interaction-Guided Self-Assembly in π-Conjugated Oligomers. Chemistry 2012; 18:2867-74. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Jain A, Rao KV, Mogera U, Sagade AA, George SJ. Dynamic Self-Assembly of Charge-Transfer Nanofibers of Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives with F4TCNQ. Chemistry 2011; 17:12355-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Nakashima T, Fujii R, Kawai T. Regulation of Folding and Photochromic Reactivity of Terarylenes through a Host-Guest Interaction. Chemistry 2011; 17:10951-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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Das A, Molla MR, Banerjee A, Paul A, Ghosh S. Hydrogen‐Bonding Directed Assembly and Gelation of Donor–Acceptor Chromophores: Supramolecular Reorganization from a Charge‐Transfer State to a Self‐Sorted State. Chemistry 2011; 17:6061-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Das
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Polymer Science Unit, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 7000 32 (India), Fax: (+91) 33‐2473‐2805
| | - Mijanur Rahaman Molla
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Polymer Science Unit, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 7000 32 (India), Fax: (+91) 33‐2473‐2805
| | - Ambar Banerjee
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Raman Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 7000 32 (India)
| | - Ankan Paul
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Raman Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 7000 32 (India)
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Polymer Science Unit, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 7000 32 (India), Fax: (+91) 33‐2473‐2805
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De S, Ramakrishnan S. Folding of a donor-containing ionene by intercalation with an acceptor. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:149-56. [PMID: 21053348 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cationic ionenes that bear electron-rich 1,5-dialkoxynaphthalene (DAN) units within the alkylene segment were allowed to interact with different types of electron-deficient, acceptor-containing molecules in an effort to realize intercalation-induced folding of the ionenes; the collapse of the chains was expected to occur in such a way that the donor and acceptor units become arranged in an alternating fashion. Several acceptor-bearing molecules were prepared by the derivatization of pyromellitic dianhydride and naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride with two different oligoethylene glycol monomethyl ether monoamines. This yielded acceptor molecules with different water solubility and allowed the examination of solvophobic effects in the folding process. UV/Vis spectroscopic studies were carried out by using a 1:1 mixture of the DAN-ionenes and different acceptor molecules in water/DMSO solvent mixtures. The intensity of the charge-transfer (CT) band was seen to increase with the water content in the solvent mixture, thereby suggesting that the intercalation is indeed aided by solvophobic effects. The naphthalene diimide (NDI) bearing acceptor molecules consistently formed significantly stronger CT complexes when compared to the pyromellitic diimide (PDI) bearing acceptor molecules, which is a reflection of the stronger π-stacking tendency of the former. AFM studies of drop-cast films of different ionene-acceptor combinations revealed that compact folded structures are formed most effectively under conditions in which the strongest CT complex is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati De
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Liu K, Wang C, Li Z, Zhang X. Superamphiphiles Based on Directional Charge-Transfer Interactions: From Supramolecular Engineering to Well-Defined Nanostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Liu K, Wang C, Li Z, Zhang X. Superamphiphiles based on directional charge-transfer interactions: from supramolecular engineering to well-defined nanostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4952-6. [PMID: 21472920 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Molla MR, Das A, Ghosh S. Self-sorted assembly in a mixture of donor and acceptor chromophores. Chemistry 2011; 16:10084-93. [PMID: 20583059 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A simple and novel supramolecular approach for orthogonal self-assembly of donor and acceptor chromophores has been demonstrated. Suitably designed 1,5-dialkoxynaphthalene (DAN) and naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid diimide (NDI) derivatives were used as the donor and acceptor systems, respectively. The molecular design for self-sorting relies upon the precise control over the placement of the self-complementary hydrogen-bonding units (amide functionality) with respect to the individual chromophore. By design, the distances between the two amide groups in the donor and acceptor chromophores are not identical, and consequently the effect of the hydrogen-bonding interaction cannot be maximised in the case of alternate donor-acceptor-type pi-stacking. Thus a relatively weak charge-transfer interaction is expected to be sacrificed, and segregated assembly among the individual chromophores should be enforced by virtue of the much stronger effects of hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stacking. Detailed spectroscopic studies were carried out to probe the mode of self-assembly in various derivatives of the DAN-NDI donor-acceptor pairs to establish the utility of the molecular design as a generalised one for orthogonal self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijanur Rahaman Molla
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700 032, India
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28
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Basu S, Coskun A, Friedman DC, Olson MA, Benítez D, Tkatchouk E, Barin G, Yang J, Fahrenbach AC, Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. Donor-Acceptor Oligorotaxanes Made to Order. Chemistry 2011; 17:2107-19. [PMID: 21274953 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Rao K, Jayaramulu K, Maji T, George S. Supramolecular Hydrogels and High-Aspect-Ratio Nanofibers through Charge-Transfer-Induced Alternate Coassembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Rao K, Jayaramulu K, Maji T, George S. Supramolecular Hydrogels and High-Aspect-Ratio Nanofibers through Charge-Transfer-Induced Alternate Coassembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:4218-22. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Colquhoun H, Zhu Z, Williams D, Drew MG, Cardin C, Gan Y, Crawford A, Marder T. Induced-Fit Binding of π-Electron-Donor Substrates to Macrocyclic Aromatic Ether Imide Sulfones: A Versatile Approach to Molecular Assembly. Chemistry 2009; 16:907-18. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Fujii S, Lehn JM. Structural and Functional Evolution of a Library of Constitutional Dynamic Polymers Driven by Alkali Metal Ion Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fujii S, Lehn JM. Structural and Functional Evolution of a Library of Constitutional Dynamic Polymers Driven by Alkali Metal Ion Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:7635-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Lohr A, Grüne M, Würthner F. Self-Assembly of Bis(merocyanine) Tweezers into Discrete Bimolecular π-Stacks. Chemistry 2009; 15:3691-705. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kim UI, Suk JM, Naidu V, Jeong KS. Folding and Anion-Binding Properties of Fluorescent Oligoindole Foldamers. Chemistry 2008; 14:11406-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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