1
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Li J, Song X, Wu F, You H, Chen FE. Cu‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Racemic Cyclic Allyl Bromides with Organolithium Compounds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen School of science CHINA
| | - Xiao Song
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen School of science CHINA
| | - Fusong Wu
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen School of science CHINA
| | - Hengzhi You
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen School of science Xili University Town, Building G, Room 608 518055 Shenzhen CHINA
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen School of science CHINA
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2
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Puleo TR, Sujansky SJ, Wright SE, Bandar JS. Organic Superbases in Recent Synthetic Methodology Research. Chemistry 2021; 27:4216-4229. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Puleo
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Stephen J. Sujansky
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Shawn E. Wright
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Bandar
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
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3
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Sasaki M, Shimabara R, Takegawa T, Kotomori Y, Otani Y, Ohwada T, Takeda K. Steric Course of Deprotonation/Substitution of Chelating/Dipole-Stabilizing-Group-Substituted α-Amino- and α-Oxynitriles. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Sasaki
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry; Institute of Biomedical & Health Science; Hiroshima University; 1-2-3 Kasumi 734-8553 Minami-Ku, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Rumiko Shimabara
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry; Institute of Biomedical & Health Science; Hiroshima University; 1-2-3 Kasumi 734-8553 Minami-Ku, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Tomo Takegawa
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry; Institute of Biomedical & Health Science; Hiroshima University; 1-2-3 Kasumi 734-8553 Minami-Ku, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yuri Kotomori
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry; Institute of Biomedical & Health Science; Hiroshima University; 1-2-3 Kasumi 734-8553 Minami-Ku, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yuko Otani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo 113-0033 Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohwada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo 113-0033 Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kei Takeda
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry; Institute of Biomedical & Health Science; Hiroshima University; 1-2-3 Kasumi 734-8553 Minami-Ku, Hiroshima Japan
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4
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Ganiek MA, Becker MR, Berionni G, Zipse H, Knochel P. Barbier Continuous Flow Preparation and Reactions of Carbamoyllithiums for Nucleophilic Amidation. Chemistry 2017; 23:10280-10284. [PMID: 28590518 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An ambient temperature continuous flow method for nucleophilic amidation and thioamidation is described. Deprotonation of formamides by lithium diisopropylamine (LDA) affords carbamoyllithium intermediates that are quenched in situ with various electrophiles such as ketones, allyl bromides, Weinreb and morpholino amides. The nature of the reactive lithium intermediates and the thermodynamics of the metalation were further investigated by ab initio calculations and kinetic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian A Ganiek
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Matthias R Becker
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Guillaume Berionni
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Seebach
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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6
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Sreenath K, Yuan Z, Macias‐Contreras M, Ramachandran V, Clark RJ, Zhu L. Dual Role of Acetate in Copper(II) Acetate Catalyzed Dehydrogenation of Chelating Aromatic Secondary Amines: A Kinetic Case Study of Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidation Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kesavapillai Sreenath
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFlorida State University95 Chieftan Way32306‐4390TallahasseeFLUSA
| | - Zhao Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFlorida State University95 Chieftan Way32306‐4390TallahasseeFLUSA
| | - Miguel Macias‐Contreras
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFlorida State University95 Chieftan Way32306‐4390TallahasseeFLUSA
| | - Vasanth Ramachandran
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFlorida State University95 Chieftan Way32306‐4390TallahasseeFLUSA
| | - Ronald J. Clark
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFlorida State University95 Chieftan Way32306‐4390TallahasseeFLUSA
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFlorida State University95 Chieftan Way32306‐4390TallahasseeFLUSA
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7
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Honda K, Harris TV, Hatanaka M, Morokuma K, Mikami K. Computational S
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2‐Type Mechanism for the Difluoromethylation of Lithium Enolate with Fluoroform through Bimetallic C−F Bond Dual Activation. Chemistry 2016; 22:8796-800. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Honda
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Travis V. Harris
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8103 Japan
- Department of Chemistry University of Puget Sound Tacoma Washington 98416 USA
| | - Miho Hatanaka
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8103 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Engineering Kinki University Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8103 Japan
| | - Koichi Mikami
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
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8
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Wang Y, Noble A, Myers EL, Aggarwal VK. Enantiospecific Alkynylation of Alkylboronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4270-4. [PMID: 26934427 PMCID: PMC4804747 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Enantioenriched secondary and tertiary alkyl pinacolboronic esters undergo enantiospecific deborylative alkynylation through a Zweifel-type alkenylation followed by a 1,2-elimination reaction. The process involves use of α-lithio vinyl bromide or vinyl carbamate species, for which application to Zweifel-type reactions has not previously been explored. The resulting functionalized 1,1-disubstituted alkenes undergo facile base-mediated elimination to generate terminal alkyne products in high yield and excellent levels of enantiospecificity over a wide range of pinacolboronic ester substrates. Furthermore, along with terminal alkynes, internal and silyl-protected alkynes can be formed by simply introducing a suitable carbon- or silicon-based electrophile after the base-mediated 1,2-elimination reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Eddie L Myers
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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9
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Wang Y, Noble A, Myers EL, Aggarwal VK. Enantiospecific Alkynylation of Alkylboronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Wang
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Eddie L. Myers
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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10
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Dauer DR, Flügge M, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D. Bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-amines and their metal amides: a structural comparison in the solid state. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:6136-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03911h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of functionalised bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-amine ligands and the related dimethylaluminium amides were synthesised and characterised. The solid state structural comparison reveals various coordination motifs, specific folding parameters and hydrogen bonding patterns in detail and guide the way to future Janus head ligand design.
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Affiliation(s)
- David-R. Dauer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Melchior Flügge
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
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11
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Moriya K, Simon M, Mose R, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Stereoselektive, konfigurationserhaltende Domino-Transmetallierung sekundärer Alkyllithiumverbindungen zu funktionalisierten, sekundären Alkylkupferreagentien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Moriya K, Simon M, Mose R, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Stereoselective Retentive Domino Transmetalations of Secondary Alkyllithium Compounds to Functionalized Secondary Alkylcopper Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10963-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Neufeld R, John M, Stalke D. The Donor-Base-Free Aggregation of Lithium Diisopropyl Amide in Hydrocarbons Revealed by a DOSY Method. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6994-8. [PMID: 26014367 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lithium diisopropyl amide (LDA) is a very prominent reagent that plays a key role in organic synthesis, serving as a base par excellence for a broad range of deprotonation reactions. However, the state of aggregation in solution in the absence of donor bases was unclear. In this paper we solved this problem by employing DOSY NMR experiments based on a newly elaborated external calibration curve (ECC) approach with normalized diffusion coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Neufeld
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen (Germany)
| | - Michael John
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen (Germany)
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen (Germany).
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Neufeld R, John M, Stalke D. Aufklärung der donorbasenfreien Aggregation von Lithiumdiisopropylamid in Kohlenwasserstoffen mithilfe einer DOSY-Methode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Moriya K, Didier D, Simon M, Hammann JM, Berionni G, Karaghiosoff K, Zipse H, Mayr H, Knochel P. Stereoselective Synthesis and Reactions of Secondary Alkyllithium Reagents Functionalized at the 3-Position. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2754-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Moriya K, Didier D, Simon M, Hammann JM, Berionni G, Karaghiosoff K, Zipse H, Mayr H, Knochel P. Stereoselektive Synthese und Reaktionen von in Position 3 funktionalisierten sekundären Alkyllithiumverbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Pöppler A, Granitzka M, Herbst‐Irmer R, Chen Y, Iversen BB, John M, Mata RA, Stalke D. Charakterisierung eines Mehrkomponenten‐Lithiumlithats durch eine Kombination von Röntgenstrukturanalyse, NMR‐Spektroskopie und theoretischen Studien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann‐Christin Pöppler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen (Deutschland)
| | - Markus Granitzka
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen (Deutschland)
| | - Regine Herbst‐Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen (Deutschland)
| | | | - Bo B. Iversen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University (Dänemark)
| | - Michael John
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen (Deutschland)
| | - Ricardo A. Mata
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Göttingen (Deutschland)
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen (Deutschland)
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18
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Pöppler AC, Granitzka M, Herbst-Irmer R, Chen YS, Iversen BB, John M, Mata RA, Stalke D. Characterization of a Multicomponent Lithium Lithiate from a Combined X-Ray Diffraction, NMR Spectroscopy, and Computational Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13282-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Rousseau G, Lebeuf R, Schenk K, Castet F, Robert F, Landais Y. Base-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of cyclohexa-2,5-dienes: insights into the mechanism through DFT calculations and application to the total synthesis of epi-elwesine. Chemistry 2014; 20:14771-82. [PMID: 25223607 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The base-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of 1-ethylaminocyclohexa-2,5-dienes is described. The transformation proceeds through isomerization of the cyclohexa-1,4-dienyl fragment into the corresponding conjugated 1,3-diene prior to the hydroamination step. Attaching a chiral glycinol ether auxiliary on the amino group allows the protonation to occur with complete diastereocontrol. The resulting lithium amide then adds onto the 1,3-dienyl moiety, affording the desired fused pyrrolidine ring along with the corresponding lithium allylic anion. Protonation of the latter then proceeds with high regiocontrol to favor the resulting allylic amines. In contrast, when the reaction was performed on primary amines, fused pyrrolidines bearing a homoallylic amino group were obtained. The stereochemical course of the process and determination of the reaction pathways were established based on calculations performed at the DFT level. Finally, application of the methodology to the enantioselective synthesis of (+)-epi-elwesine, a crinane alkaloid, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Rousseau
- ISM, UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux and CNRS, 351, Cours de la liberation, 33400 Talence Cedex (France)
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Renny JS, Tomasevich LL, Tallmadge EH, Collum DB. Method of continuous variations: applications of job plots to the study of molecular associations in organometallic chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11998-2013. [PMID: 24166797 PMCID: PMC4028694 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Applications of the method of continuous variations (MCV or the Method of Job) to problems of interest to organometallic chemists are described. MCV provides qualitative and quantitative insights into the stoichiometries underlying association of m molecules of A and n molecules of B to form A(m)B(n) . Applications to complex ensembles probe associations that form metal clusters and aggregates. Job plots in which reaction rates are monitored provide relative stoichiometries in rate-limiting transition structures. In a specialized variant, ligand- or solvent-dependent reaction rates are dissected into contributions in both the ground states and transition states, which affords insights into the full reaction coordinate from a single Job plot. Gaps in the literature are identified and critiqued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S. Renny
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - Laura L. Tomasevich
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - Evan H. Tallmadge
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - David B. Collum
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
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21
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Renny JS, Tomasevich LL, Tallmadge EH, Collum DB. Methode der kontinuierlichen Variation: Verwendung von Job-Plots zur Untersuchung molekularer Assoziationen in der metallorganischen Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Mulvey RE, Robertson SD. Synthetically important alkali-metal utility amides: lithium, sodium, and potassium hexamethyldisilazides, diisopropylamides, and tetramethylpiperidides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11470-87. [PMID: 24133015 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most synthetic chemists will have at some point utilized a sterically demanding secondary amide (R2 N(-) ). The three most important examples, lithium 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS), lithium diisopropylamide (LiDA), and lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (LiTMP)-the "utility amides"-have long been indispensible particularly for lithiation (Li-H exchange) reactions. Like organolithium compounds, they exhibit aggregation phenomena and strong Lewis acidity, and thus appear in distinct forms depending on the solvents employed. The structural chemistry of these compounds as well as their sodium and potassium congeners are described in the absence or in the presence of the most synthetically significant donor solvents tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) or closely related solvents. Examples of hetero-alkali-metal amides, an increasingly important composition because of the recent escalation of interest in mixed-metal synergic effects, are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL (UK).
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Mulvey RE, Robertson SD. Nützliche Alkalimetallamide für die Synthese: Lithium-, Natrium- und Kaliumhexamethyldisilazide, -diisopropylamide und -tetramethylpiperidide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Sasaki M, Takegawa T, Sakamoto K, Kotomori Y, Otani Y, Ohwada T, Kawahata M, Yamaguchi K, Takeda K. Enantiodivergent Deprotonation/Acylation of α-Amino Nitriles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12956-60. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Sasaki M, Takegawa T, Sakamoto K, Kotomori Y, Otani Y, Ohwada T, Kawahata M, Yamaguchi K, Takeda K. Enantiodivergent Deprotonation/Acylation of α-Amino Nitriles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Larrañaga O, de Cózar A, Bickelhaupt FM, Zangi R, Cossío FP. Aggregation and cooperative effects in the aldol reactions of lithium enolates. Chemistry 2013; 19:13761-73. [PMID: 23964002 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory and Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out for model aldol reactions involving aggregates of lithium enolates derived from acetaldehyde and acetone. Formaldehyde and acetone have been used as electrophiles. It is found that the geometries of the enolate aggregates are in general determined by the most favorable arrangements of the point charges within the respective Lin On clusters. The reactivity of the enolates follows the sequence monomer≫dimer>tetramer. In lithium aggregates, the initially formed aldol adducts must rearrange to form more stable structures in which the enolate and alkoxide oxygen atoms are within the respective Lin On clusters. Positive cooperative effects, similar to allosteric effects found in several proteins, are found for the successive aldol reactions in aggregates. The corresponding transition structures show in general sofa geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Larrañaga
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I/, Kimika Organikoa I Saila, Facultad de Química/, Kimika Fakultatea Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 1072, 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia (Spain)
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Mechanism of the Deprotonation Reaction of Alkyl Benzyl Ethers withn-Butyllithium. Chemistry 2013; 19:9677-85. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Seel S, Dagousset G, Thaler T, Frischmuth A, Karaghiosoff K, Zipse H, Knochel P. Preparation of Stereodefined Secondary Alkyllithium Compounds. Chemistry 2013; 19:4614-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Prestly MR, Simpkins NS. Chiral Bases as Useful Probes of Lithium Amide Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Prestly MR, Simpkins NS. Chiral Bases as Useful Probes of Lithium Amide Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:12068-71. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Umpolung of Fluoroform by CF Bond Activation: Direct Difluoromethylation of Lithium Enolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9535-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Iida T, Hashimoto R, Aikawa K, Ito S, Mikami K. Umpolung of Fluoroform by CF Bond Activation: Direct Difluoromethylation of Lithium Enolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Girard AL, Lhermet R, Fressigné C, Durandetti M, Maddaluno J. Influence of the Acetylenic Substituent on the Intramolecular Carbolithiation of Alkynes. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Jarugumilli GK, Zhu C, Cook SP. Re-Evaluating the Nucleophilicity of Zinc Enolates in Alkylation Reactions. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Colquhoun VP, Strohmann C. Structural influence of steric factors and donor functions on lithium silylamides in non-coordinating solvents. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:1897-902. [PMID: 22169997 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11550b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We herein present the synthesis and crystallographic characterisation of lithium silylamides displaying different coordination numbers and aggregation states according to the number of N- and O-donor functions in the starting material, (aminomethyl) substituted silazane ligands. The dimeric dimethyl-(N-lithio-tert-butylamino)-piperidinomethyl)-silane and dimethyl-(N-lithio-iso-propylamino)-piperidinomethyl)-silane, with three-coordinate lithium centres, were prepared by deprotonation of the corresponding silazane with (n)BuLi. Using the tridentate silazane (1R,2R)-N(1)-[{(tert-butylamino)-dimethylsilyl}methyl]-N(1),N(2),N(2)-trimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine a mixed "dimer" of lithium silylamide and lithium silanolate with four-coordinate lithium centres was obtained. Additionally, a monomeric lithium silylamide was synthesised using the tridentate [bis(methoxyethyl)aminomethyl] side arm.
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Paderes MC, Belding L, Fanovic B, Dudding T, Keister JB, Chemler SR. Evidence for alkene cis-aminocupration, an aminooxygenation case study: kinetics, EPR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. Chemistry 2012; 18:1711-26. [PMID: 22237868 PMCID: PMC3314301 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alkene difunctionalization reactions are important in organic synthesis. We have recently shown that copper(II) complexes can promote and catalyze intramolecular alkene aminooxygenation, carboamination, and diamination reactions. In this contribution, we report a combined experimental and theoretical examination of the mechanism of the copper(II)-promoted olefin aminooxygenation reaction. Kinetics experiments revealed a mechanistic pathway involving an equilibrium reaction between a copper(II) carboxylate complex and the γ-alkenyl sulfonamide substrate and a rate-limiting intramolecular cis-addition of N-Cu across the olefin. Kinetic isotope effect studies support that the cis-aminocupration is the rate-determining step. UV/Vis spectra support a role for the base in the break-up of copper(II) carboxylate dimer to monomeric species. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra provide evidence for a kinetically competent N-Cu intermediate with a Cu(II) oxidation state. Due to the highly similar stereochemical and reactivity trends among the Cu(II)-promoted and catalyzed alkene difunctionalization reactions we have developed, the cis-aminocupration mechanism can reasonably be generalized across the reaction class. The methods and findings disclosed in this report should also prove valuable to the mechanism analysis and optimization of other copper(II) carboxylate promoted reactions, especially those that take place in aprotic organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monissa C. Paderes
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260 (USA), Fax: (+1)716-645-6963
| | - Lee Belding
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University St. Catherines, Ontario, L2S 3 A1 (Canada)
| | - Branden Fanovic
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University St. Catherines, Ontario, L2S 3 A1 (Canada)
| | - Travis Dudding
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University St. Catherines, Ontario, L2S 3 A1 (Canada)
| | - Jerome B. Keister
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260 (USA), Fax: (+1)716-645-6963
| | - Sherry R. Chemler
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260 (USA), Fax: (+1)716-645-6963
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37
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Colquhoun VP, Unkelbach C, Strohmann C. Isolation of reactive intermediates in deprotonation reactions with zinc alkyls. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5034-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32057f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Lu BL, Lu JM, Shi M. LDA-Mediated Cascade Carbolithiation Reactions of Vinylidenecyclopropanes with Enones and N-Sulfonated Imines as well as Nitroalkene and (Phenylmethylidene)malononitrile. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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39
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Patwardhan NN, Gao M, Carlier PR. Incremental Solvation Precedes Ion-Pair Separation in Enantiomerization of a Cyano-Stabilized Grignard Reagent. Chemistry 2011; 17:12250-3. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Mikami K, Tomita Y, Itoh Y. Activation of CF Bonds in Preference to CI Bonds: Difluoromethylation of Lithium Enolates with Trifluoromethyl Iodide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Mikami K, Tomita Y, Itoh Y. Activation of CF Bonds in Preference to CI Bonds: Difluoromethylation of Lithium Enolates with Trifluoromethyl Iodide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:3819-22. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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Tietze LF, Düfert A, Lotz F, Sölter L, Oum K, Lenzer T, Beck T, Herbst-Irmer R. Synthesis of Chiroptical Molecular Switches by Pd-Catalyzed Domino Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:17879-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ja906260x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz F. Tietze
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Düfert
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lotz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars Sölter
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kawon Oum
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenzer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Beck
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Lu JM, Shi M. Lithium Diisopropylamide-Mediated Carbolithiation Reactions of Vinylidenecyclopropanes and Further Transformations of the Adducts. Chemistry 2009; 15:6065-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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45
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46
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Blair V, Carrella L, Clegg W, Klett J, Mulvey R, Rentschler E, Russo L. Structural and Magnetic Insights into the Trinuclear Ferrocenophane and Unexpected Hydrido Inverse Crown Products of Alkali‐Metal‐Mediated Manganation(II) of Ferrocene. Chemistry 2009; 15:856-63. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L. Blair
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL (UK), Fax: (+44) 141‐552‐0876
| | - Luca M. Carrella
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes‐Gutenberg‐Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
| | - William Clegg
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU (UK)
| | - Jan Klett
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL (UK), Fax: (+44) 141‐552‐0876
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL (UK), Fax: (+44) 141‐552‐0876
| | - Eva Rentschler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes‐Gutenberg‐Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
| | - Luca Russo
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU (UK)
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47
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Strohmann C, Gessner V. A Precoordination Complex of 1,2,3-Trimethyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane withtert-Butyllithium as Key Intermediate in Its Methylene Group Deprotonation. Chem Asian J 2008; 3:1929-34. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Armstrong D, Graham D, Kennedy A, Mulvey R, O'Hara C. A Structural and Computational Study of Synthetically Important Alkali-Metal/Tetramethylpiperidide (TMP) Amine Solvates. Chemistry 2008; 14:8025-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Wrackmeyer B, Klimkina EV, Milius W. Interannular Nitrogen-Lithium Bridges in Ferrocenophanes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200700398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Strohmann C, Gessner VH. From MonomerictBuLi⋅(R,R)-TMCDA to α-Lithiated (R,R)-TMCDA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:8281-3. [PMID: 17899584 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Strohmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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