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Ansmann N, Hartmann D, Sailer S, Erdmann P, Maskey R, Schorpp M, Greb L. Synthesis and Characterization of Hypercoordinated Silicon Anions: Catching Intermediates of Lewis Base Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203947. [PMID: 35438836 PMCID: PMC9325378 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anionic hypercoordinated silicates with weak donors were proposed as key intermediates in numerous silicon‐based reactions. However, their short‐lived nature rendered even spectroscopic observations highly challenging. Here, we characterize hypercoordinated silicon anions, including the first bromido‐, iodido‐, formato‐, acetato‐, triflato‐ and sulfato‐silicates. This is enabled by a new, donor‐free polymeric form of Lewis superacidic bis(perchlorocatecholato)silane 1. Spectroscopic, structural, and computational insights allow a reassessment of Gutmann's empirical rules for the role of silicon hypercoordination in synthesis and catalysis. The electronic perturbations of 1 exerted on the bound anions indicate pronounced substrate activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Ansmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Deborah Hartmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Sailer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Erdmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rezisha Maskey
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Schorpp
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry-Inorganic Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Ansmann N, Hartmann D, Sailer S, Erdmann P, Maskey R, Schorpp M, Greb L. Synthesis and Characterization of Hypercoordinated Silicon Anions: Catching Intermediates of Lewis Base Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Ansmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Deborah Hartmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sonja Sailer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Philipp Erdmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Rezisha Maskey
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marcel Schorpp
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry-Inorganic Chemistry Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
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3
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Hädinger P, Hinz A. Functionalised carbazolyl hydro‐ and allyl‐silanes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Hädinger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Engesserstr. 15 76131 Karlsruhe GERMANY
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institut fur Anorganische Chemie Engesserstr. 15Gebaude 30.45 76131 Karlsruhe GERMANY
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Arlt S, Bläsing K, Harloff J, Laatz KC, Michalik D, Nier S, Schulz A, Stoer P, Stoffers A, Villinger A. Pseudohalogen Chemistry in Ionic Liquids with Non-innocent Cations and Anions. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:62-71. [PMID: 33565728 PMCID: PMC7874254 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the second funding period of the SPP 1708 "Material Synthesis near Room Temperature",which started in 2017, we were able to synthesize novel anionic species utilizing Ionic Liquids (ILs) both, as reaction media and reactant. ILs, bearing the decomposable and non-innocent methyl carbonate anion [CO3 Me]- , served as starting material and enabled facile access to pseudohalide salts by reaction with Me3 Si-X (X=CN, N3 , OCN, SCN). Starting with the synthesized Room temperature Ionic Liquid (RT-IL) [nBu3 MeN][B(OMe)3 (CN)], we were able to crystallize the double salt [nBu3 MeN]2 [B(OMe)3 (CN)](CN). Furthermore, we studied the reaction of [WCC]SCN and [WCC]CN (WCC=weakly coordinating cation) with their corresponding protic acids HX (X=SCN, CN), which resulted in formation of [H(NCS)2 ]- and the temperature labile solvate anions [CN(HCN)n ]- (n=2, 3). In addition, the highly labile anionic HCN solvates were obtained from [PPN]X ([PPN]=μ-nitridobis(triphenylphosphonium), X=N3 , OCN, SCN and OCP) and HCN. Crystals of [PPN][X(HCN)3 ] (X=N3 , OCN) and [PPN][SCN(HCN)2 ] were obtained when the crystallization was carried out at low temperatures. Interestingly, reaction of [PPN]OCP with HCN was noticed, which led to the formation of [P(CN)2 ]- , crystallizing as HCN disolvate [PPN][P(CN⋅HCN)2 ]. Furthermore, we were able to isolate the novel cyanido(halido) silicate dianions of the type [SiCl0.78 (CN)5.22 ]2- and [SiF(CN)5 ]2- and the hexa-substituted [Si(CN)6 ]2- by temperature controlled halide/cyanide exchange reactions. By facile neutralization reactions with the non-innocent cation of [Et3 HN]2 [Si(CN)6 ] with MOH (M=Li, K), Li2 [Si(CN)6 ] ⋅ 2 H2 O and K2 [Si(CN)6 ] were obtained, which form three dimensional coordination polymers. From salt metathesis processes of M2 [Si(CN)6 ] with different imidazolium bromides, we were able to isolate new imidazolium salts and the ionic liquid [BMIm]2 [Si(CN)6 ]. When reacting [Mes(nBu)Im]2 [Si(CN)6 ] with an excess of the strong Lewis acid B(C6 F5 )3 , the voluminous adduct anion {Si[CN⋅B(C6 F5 )3 ]6 }2- was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Arlt
- Anorganische ChemieInstitut fur ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Kevin Bläsing
- Anorganische ChemieInstitut fur ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Jörg Harloff
- Anorganische ChemieInstitut fur ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | | | - Dirk Michalik
- Anorganische ChemieInstitut fur ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Simon Nier
- Anorganische ChemieInstitut für ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Anorganische ChemieInstitut fur ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
- MaterialdesignLeibniz-Institut für Katalyse an derUniversität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Philip Stoer
- Anorganische ChemieInstitut fur ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Alrik Stoffers
- Anorganische ChemieInstitut fur ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Anorganische ChemieInstitut fur ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
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Henker J, Wirmer-Bartoschek J, Bendel LE, Xiang Y, Fu C, Harms K, Schwalbe H, Meggers E. Progress in the Synthesis and Bioactivity of Hexacoordinate Silicon(IV) Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Henker
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Julia Wirmer-Bartoschek
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Center of Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ); Goethe University Frankfurt/Main; Max-von-Laue Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Lars Erik Bendel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Center of Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ); Goethe University Frankfurt/Main; Max-von-Laue Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Yonggang Xiang
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Chen Fu
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Center of Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ); Goethe University Frankfurt/Main; Max-von-Laue Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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Arz MI, Hoffmann D, Schnakenburg G, Filippou AC. NHC-stabilized Silicon(II) Halides: Reactivity Studies with Diazoalkanes and Azides. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius I. Arz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - David Hoffmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Alexander C. Filippou
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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7
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Campbell R, Davis MF, Fazakerley M, Portius P. Taming Tin(IV) Polyazides. Chemistry 2015; 21:18690-8. [PMID: 26767331 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The first charge-neutral Lewis base adducts of tin(IV) tetraazide, [Sn(N3)4(bpy)], [Sn(N3)4(phen)] and [Sn(N3)4(py)2], and the salt bis{bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium} hexa(azido)stannate [(PPN)2Sn(N3)6] (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; py = pyridine; PPN = N(PPh3)2) have been prepared using covalent or ionic azide-transfer reagents and ligand-exchange reactions. The azides were isolated on the 0.3 to 1 g scale and characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopies, microanalytical and thermal methods and their molecular structures determined by single-crystal XRD. All complexes have a distorted octahedral Sn[N]6 coordination geometry and possess greater thermal stability than their Si and Ge homologues. The nitrogen content of the adducts of up to 44% exceed any Sn(IV) compound known hitherto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, S3 7HF (UK) https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/chemistry/staff/profiles/peter_portius
| | - Martin F Davis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, S3 7HF (UK) https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/chemistry/staff/profiles/peter_portius
| | - Mathew Fazakerley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, S3 7HF (UK) https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/chemistry/staff/profiles/peter_portius
| | - Peter Portius
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, S3 7HF (UK) https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/chemistry/staff/profiles/peter_portius.
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8
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Klahn P, Erhardt H, Kotthaus A, Kirsch SF. Über die Synthese von α-Azidoestern und geminalen Triaziden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Klahn P, Erhardt H, Kotthaus A, Kirsch SF. The Synthesis of α-Azidoesters and Geminal Triazides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7913-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Xiong Y, Yao S, Driess M. Synthesis and structure of the azidogermyliumylidene azide complex [L(N3)Ge:]+N3−with covalently and ionically bonded azide ligands at germanium(ii) [L = bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)]. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:418-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48166b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Baus JA, Burschka C, Bertermann R, Guerra CF, Bickelhaupt FM, Tacke R. Neutral six-coordinate and cationic five-coordinate silicon(IV) complexes with two bidentate monoanionic N,S-pyridine-2-thiolato(-) ligands. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:10664-76. [PMID: 24011307 DOI: 10.1021/ic401698a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of neutral six-coordinate silicon(IV) complexes (4-11) with two bidentate monoanionic N,S-pyridine-2-thiolato ligands and two monodentate ligands R(1) and R(2) was synthesized (4, R(1) = R(2) = Cl; 5, R(1) = Ph, R(2) = Cl; 6, R(1) = Ph, R(2) = F; 7, R(1) = Ph, R(2) = Br; 8, R(1) = Ph, R(2) = N3; 9, R(1) = Ph, R(2) = NCO; 10, R(1) = Ph, R(2) = NCS; 11, R(1) = Me, R(2) = Cl). In addition, the related ionic compound 12 was synthesized, which contains a cationic five-coordinate silicon(IV) complex with two bidentate monoanionic N,S-pyridine-2-thiolato ligands and one phenyl group (counterion: I(-)). Compounds 4-12 were characterized by elemental analyses, NMR spectroscopic studies in the solid state and in solution, and crystal structure analyses (except 7). These structural investigations were performed with a special emphasis on the sophisticated stereochemistry of these compounds. These experimental investigations were complemented by computational studies, including bonding analyses based on relativistic density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A Baus
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Fehlhammer WP, Beck W. Azide Chemistry - An Inorganic Perspective, Part I Metal Azides: Overview, General Trends and Recent Developments. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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13
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Lyhs B, Bläser D, Wölper C, Schulz S, Jansen G. First Structural Characterization of Neutral, Base-Stabilized Group 15-Pentaazides: Single Crystal X-ray Structures of dmap-As(N3)5 and dmap-Sb(N3)5. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:5897-902. [DOI: 10.1021/ic300523k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lyhs
- Chemistry
Department, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Dieter Bläser
- Chemistry
Department, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Chemistry
Department, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Chemistry
Department, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Georg Jansen
- Chemistry
Department, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
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Farrer NJ, Gierth P, Sadler PJ. Probing platinum azido complexes by 14N and 15N NMR spectroscopy. Chemistry 2011; 17:12059-66. [PMID: 21922574 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal azido complexes are of general interest due to their high energetic properties, and platinum azido complexes in particular because of their potential as photoactivatable anticancer prodrugs. However, azido ligands are difficult to probe by NMR spectroscopy due to the quadrupolar nature of (14)N and the lack of scalar (1)H coupling to enhance the sensitivity of the less abundant (15)N by using polarisation transfer. In this work, we report (14)N and (15)N NMR spectroscopic studies of cis,trans,cis-[Pt(N(3))(2)(OH)(2)(NH(3))] (1) and trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N(3))(2)(OH)(2)(X)(Y)], where X=Y=NH(3) (2); X=NH(3), Y=py (3) (py=pyridine); X=Y=py (4); and selected Pt(II) precursors. These studies provide the first (15)N NMR data for azido groups in coordination complexes. We discuss one- and three-bond J((15)N,(195)Pt) couplings for azido and am(m)ine ligands. The (14)N(α) (coordinated azido nitrogen) signal in the Pt(IV) azido complexes is extremely broad (W(1/2)≈2124 Hz for 4) in comparison to other metal azido complexes, attributable to a highly asymmetrical electric field gradient at the (14)N(α) atom. Through the use of anti-ringing pulse sequences, the (14)N NMR spectra, which show resolution of the broad (14)N(α) peak, were obtained rapidly (e.g., 1.5 h for 10 mM 4). The linewidths of the (14)N(α) signals correlate with the viscosity of the solvent. For (15) N-enriched samples, it is possible to detect azido (15)N resonances directly, which will allow photoreactions to be followed by 1D (15)N NMR spectroscopy. The T(1) relaxation times for 3 and 4 were in the range 5.7-120 s for (15)N, and 0.9-11.3 ms for (14)N. Analysis of the (1)J((15)N,(195)Pt) coupling constants suggests that an azido ligand has a moderately strong trans influence in octahedral Pt(IV) complexes, within the series 2-pic<py<NH(3)<Cl(-)<N(3)(-)<NO(2)(-)<SCN(-) (2-pic=2-methylpyridine). In addition, an axial Cl(-) appears to weaken an equatorial Pt(IV)-NH(3) bond to a greater extent than an axial OH(-) ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Farrer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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15
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Filippou AC, Chernov O, Schnakenburg G. Metal-Silicon Triple Bonds: Nucleophilic Addition and Redox Reactions of the Silylidyne Complex [Cp(CO)2MoSi-R]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:1122-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Filippou AC, Chernov O, Schnakenburg G. Metal-Silicon Triple Bonds: Nucleophilic Addition and Redox Reactions of the Silylidyne Complex [Cp(CO)2MoSi-R]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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