1
|
Arshadi S, Abdolahzadeh F, Vessally E. Butadiyne-linked porphyrin nanoring as a highly selective O 2 gas sensor: A fast response hybrid sensor. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 119:108371. [PMID: 36502605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The butadiyne-linked six-metalloporphyrin nanoring (Mg6-P6) and it's complex with a hexapyridyl template, Mg6-P6·T6 have a great potential for employment in future nanoelectronic applications such as a nanosensor for small gas molecules. The goal of this study is to scrutinize and improvement of the CO, N2, and O2 gas sensing capacity of Mg6-P6 and Mg6-P6·T6 using DFT calculations at CAM-B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) level of theory. The geometrical structures, binding energies, band gaps, the density of states (DOS), adsorption energies, HOMO and LUMO energies, Fermi level energies (EFL), NBO, FMO and TD-DFT spectrum were calculated to predict gas adsorption properties of Mg6-P6 and Mg6-P6·T6 systems. Based on the calculated adsorption energies and remarkable decrease in the Eg, it is expected that the Mg6-P6 and Mg6-P6·T6 are sensitive to O2 molecule. Surprisingly, the Mg6-P6-O2 and specially the Mg6-P6.T6-O2 record promising values of recovery times for different attempt frequencies. Therefore, the results open a way for the development of a new and selective O2 nanosensor in the presence of CO and N2 gas molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sattar Arshadi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Esmail Vessally
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei Y, Zhou P, Chen X, Bao Q, Xie L. Research Progress on Organic Nanohoops/Nanogrids. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/a22110480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
3
|
Šindelka K, Limpouchová Z, Procházka K. Solubilization of Charged Porphyrins in Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes: A Computer Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:502. [PMID: 33562022 PMCID: PMC7915837 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using coarse-grained dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) with explicit electrostatics, we performed (i) an extensive series of simulations of the electrostatic co-assembly of asymmetric oppositely charged copolymers composed of one (either positively or negatively charged) polyelectrolyte (PE) block A and one water-soluble block B and (ii) studied the solubilization of positively charged porphyrin derivatives (P+) in the interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) cores of co-assembled nanoparticles. We studied the stoichiometric mixtures of 137 A10+B25 and 137 A10-B25 chains with moderately hydrophobic A blocks (DPD interaction parameter aAS=35) and hydrophilic B blocks (aBS=25) with 10 to 120 P+ added (aPS=39). The P+ interactions with other components were set to match literature information on their limited solubility and aggregation behavior. The study shows that the moderately soluble P+ molecules easily solubilize in IPEC cores, where they partly replace PE+ and electrostatically crosslink PE- blocks. As the large P+ rings are apt to aggregate, P+ molecules aggregate in IPEC cores. The aggregation, which starts at very low loadings, is promoted by increasing the number of P+ in the mixture. The positively charged copolymers repelled from the central part of IPEC core partially concentrate at the core-shell interface and partially escape into bulk solvent depending on the amount of P+ in the mixture and on their association number, AS. If AS is lower than the ensemble average ⟨AS⟩n, the copolymer chains released from IPEC preferentially concentrate at the core-shell interface, thus increasing AS, which approaches ⟨AS⟩n. If AS>⟨AS⟩n, they escape into the bulk solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Šindelka
- Department of Molecular and Mesoscopic Modelling, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Rozvojová 1, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Zuzana Limpouchová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Karel Procházka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miki K, Ohe K. π‐Conjugated Macrocycles Bearing Angle‐Strained Alkynes. Chemistry 2019; 26:2529-2575. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Miki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
| | - Kouichi Ohe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Walter V, Gao Y, Grzegorzek N, Krempe M, Hampel F, Jux N, Tykwinski RR. Building from Ga-Porphyrins: Synthesis of Ga-Acetylide Complexes Using Acetylenes and Polyynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:494-498. [PMID: 30452109 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional, conjugated building blocks have been formed through the axial coordination of polyynes to the central Ga atom of tetraarylporphyrins. Electron deficient pentafluorophenyl substituents in the meso-positions provide more stable σ-acetylide complexes to Ga than analogous structures with tert-butylphenyl groups. Mono-, di-, and triynes have been used, including a pyridyl endcapped diyne that allows for formation of porphyrin triads through coordination of the pyridyl ligand to a Ru porphyrin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vroni Walter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yueze Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Norbert Grzegorzek
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Krempe
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Walter V, Gao Y, Grzegorzek N, Krempe M, Hampel F, Jux N, Tykwinski RR. Building from Ga-Porphyrins: Synthesis of Ga-Acetylide Complexes Using Acetylenes and Polyynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vroni Walter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Yueze Gao
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Norbert Grzegorzek
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Maximilian Krempe
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu P, Hisamune Y, Peeks MD, Odell B, Gong JQ, Herz LM, Anderson HL. Synthesis of Five-Porphyrin Nanorings by Using Ferrocene and Corannulene Templates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8358-62. [PMID: 27213825 PMCID: PMC5089564 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The smallest and most strained member of a family of π-conjugated cyclic porphyrin oligomers was synthesized by using pentapyridyl templates based on ferrocene and corannulene. Both templates are effective for directing the synthesis of the butadiyne-linked cyclic pentamer, despite the fact that the radii of their N5 donor sets are too small by 0.5 Å and 0.9 Å, respectively (from DFT calculations). The five-porphyrin nanoring exhibits a structured absorption spectrum and its fluorescence extends to 1200 nm, reflecting strong π conjugation and Herzberg-Teller vibronic coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Yutaka Hisamune
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Martin D Peeks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Barbara Odell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Juliane Q Gong
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Laura M Herz
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu P, Hisamune Y, Peeks MD, Odell B, Gong JQ, Herz LM, Anderson HL. Synthesis of Five-Porphyrin Nanorings by Using Ferrocene and Corannulene Templates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Yutaka Hisamune
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Martin D. Peeks
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Barbara Odell
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Juliane Q. Gong
- Department of Physics; University of Oxford; Clarendon Laboratory; Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PU UK
| | - Laura M. Herz
- Department of Physics; University of Oxford; Clarendon Laboratory; Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PU UK
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mastalerz M. Single-Handed Towards Nanosized Organic Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:45-7. [PMID: 26592493 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hand in hand: Enantiopure reactants have been used to generate rigid molecular tweezers by Buchwald-Hartwig aminations. These result in the phenazine units curving in only one direction with formation of one product exclusively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 273, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany).
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Jiang HW, Tanaka T, Kim T, Sung YM, Mori H, Kim D, Osuka A. Synthesis of [n]Cyclo-5,15-porphyrinylene-4,4′-biphenylenes Displaying Size-Dependent Excitation-Energy Hopping. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15197-201. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
12
|
Jiang HW, Tanaka T, Kim T, Sung YM, Mori H, Kim D, Osuka A. Synthesis of [n]Cyclo-5,15-porphyrinylene-4,4′-biphenylenes Displaying Size-Dependent Excitation-Energy Hopping. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
13
|
Huang W, Lee SK, Sung YM, Peng F, Yin B, Ma M, Chen B, Liu S, Kirk SR, Kim D, Song J. Azobenzene-Bridged Porphyrin Nanorings: Syntheses, Structures, and Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2015; 21:15328-38. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
14
|
Park KH, Kim P, Kim W, Shimizu H, Han M, Sim E, Iyoda M, Kim D. Excited-State Dynamic Planarization of Cyclic Oligothiophenes in the Vicinity of a Ring-to-Linear Excitonic Behavioral Turning Point. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12711-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
15
|
Park KH, Kim P, Kim W, Shimizu H, Han M, Sim E, Iyoda M, Kim D. Excited-State Dynamic Planarization of Cyclic Oligothiophenes in the Vicinity of a Ring-to-Linear Excitonic Behavioral Turning Point. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
16
|
Neuhaus P, Cnossen A, Gong JQ, Herz LM, Anderson HL. A Molecular Nanotube with Three-Dimensional π-Conjugation. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 127:7452-7456. [PMID: 27478266 PMCID: PMC4955231 DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A π-conjugated twelve-porphyrin tube is synthesized in 32 % yield by a template-directed coupling reaction that joins together six porphyrin dimers, forming twelve new C-C bonds. The nanotube has two bound templates, enclosing an internal volume of approximately 4.5 nm3. Its UV/Vis/NIR absorption and fluorescence spectra resemble those of a previously reported six-porphyrin ring, but are red-shifted by approximately 300 cm-1, reflecting increased conjugation. Ultrafast fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrates extensive excited-state delocalization. Transfer of electronic excitation from an initially formed state polarized in the direction of the nanotube axis (z axis) to an excited state polarized in the xy plane occurs within 200 fs, resulting in a negative fluorescence anisotropy on excitation at 742 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Neuhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK) http://hla.chem.ox.ac.uk/
| | - Arjen Cnossen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK) http://hla.chem.ox.ac.uk/
| | - Juliane Q. Gong
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU (UK)
| | - Laura M. Herz
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU (UK)
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK) http://hla.chem.ox.ac.uk/
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Neuhaus P, Cnossen A, Gong JQ, Herz LM, Anderson HL. A Molecular Nanotube with Three-Dimensional π-Conjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7344-8. [PMID: 25950655 PMCID: PMC4510782 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A π-conjugated twelve-porphyrin tube is synthesized in 32 % yield by a template-directed coupling reaction that joins together six porphyrin dimers, forming twelve new C=C bonds. The nanotube has two bound templates, enclosing an internal volume of approximately 4.5 nm3. Its UV/Vis/NIR absorption and fluorescence spectra resemble those of a previously reported six-porphyrin ring, but are red-shifted by approximately 300 cm−1, reflecting increased conjugation. Ultrafast fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrates extensive excited-state delocalization. Transfer of electronic excitation from an initially formed state polarized in the direction of the nanotube axis (z axis) to an excited state polarized in the xy plane occurs within 200 fs, resulting in a negative fluorescence anisotropy on excitation at 742 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Neuhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK) http://hla.chem.ox.ac.uk/
| | - Arjen Cnossen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK) http://hla.chem.ox.ac.uk/
| | - Juliane Q Gong
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU (UK)
| | - Laura M Herz
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU (UK)
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK) http://hla.chem.ox.ac.uk/.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu S, Kondratuk DV, Rousseaux SAL, Gil-Ramírez G, O'Sullivan MC, Cremers J, Claridge TDW, Anderson HL. Caterpillar track complexes in template-directed synthesis and correlated molecular motion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5355-9. [PMID: 25683453 PMCID: PMC4471551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Small alterations to the structure of a star-shaped template totally change its mode of operation. The hexapyridyl template directs the conversion of a porphyrin dimer to the cyclic hexamer, but deleting one pyridine site changes the product to the cyclic decamer, while deleting two binding sites changes the product to the cyclic octamer. This surprising switch in selectivity is explained by the formation of 2:1 caterpillar track complexes, in which two template wheels bind inside the nanoring. Caterpillar track complexes can also be prepared by binding the hexapyridyl template inside the 8- and 10-porphyrin nanorings. NMR exchange spectroscopy (EXSY) experiments show that these complexes exhibit correlated motion, in which the conrotatory rotation of the two template wheels is coupled to rotation of the nanoring track. In the case of the 10-porphyrin system, the correlated motion can be locked by binding palladium(II) dichloride between the two templates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Dmitry V Kondratuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Guzmán Gil-Ramírez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Melanie C O'Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Jonathan Cremers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Tim D W Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu S, Kondratuk DV, Rousseaux SAL, Gil‐Ramírez G, O'Sullivan MC, Cremers J, Claridge TDW, Anderson HL. Caterpillar Track Complexes in Template-Directed Synthesis and Correlated Molecular Motion. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 127:5445-5449. [PMID: 27546919 PMCID: PMC4974918 DOI: 10.1002/ange.201412293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Small alterations to the structure of a star-shaped template totally change its mode of operation. The hexapyridyl template directs the conversion of a porphyrin dimer to the cyclic hexamer, but deleting one pyridine site changes the product to the cyclic decamer, while deleting two binding sites changes the product to the cyclic octamer. This surprising switch in selectivity is explained by the formation of 2:1 caterpillar track complexes, in which two template wheels bind inside the nanoring. Caterpillar track complexes can also be prepared by binding the hexapyridyl template inside the 8- and 10-porphyrin nanorings. NMR exchange spectroscopy (EXSY) experiments show that these complexes exhibit correlated motion, in which the conrotatory rotation of the two template wheels is coupled to rotation of the nanoring track. In the case of the 10-porphyrin system, the correlated motion can be locked by binding palladium(II) dichloride between the two templates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Dmitry V. Kondratuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Sophie A. L. Rousseaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Guzmán Gil‐Ramírez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Melanie C. O'Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Jonathan Cremers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Tim D. W. Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang SL, Jin GX, Luo HK, Hor TSA. Engineering Organic Macrocycles and Cages: Versatile Bonding Approaches. Chem Asian J 2014; 10:24-42. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
21
|
Kondratuk DV, Sprafke JK, O'Sullivan MC, Perdigao LMA, Saywell A, Malfois M, O'Shea JN, Beton PH, Thompson AL, Anderson HL. Vernier-templated synthesis, crystal structure, and supramolecular chemistry of a 12-porphyrin nanoring. Chemistry 2014; 20:12826-34. [PMID: 25154736 PMCID: PMC4517159 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vernier templating exploits a mismatch between the number of binding sites in a template and a reactant to direct the formation of a product that is large enough to bind several template units. Here, we present a detailed study of the Vernier-templated synthesis of a 12-porphyrin nanoring. NMR and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analyses show that Vernier complexes are formed as intermediates in the cyclo-oligomerization reaction. UV/Vis/NIR titrations show that the three-component assembly of the 12-porphyrin nanoring figure-of-eight template complex displays high allosteric cooperativity and chelate cooperativity. This nanoring–template 1:2 complex is among the largest synthetic molecules to have been characterized by single-crystal analysis. It crystallizes as a racemate, with an angle of 27° between the planes of the two template units. The crystal structure reveals many unexpected intramolecular C–H⋅⋅⋅N contacts involving the tert-butyl side chains. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments show that molecules of the 12-porphyrin template complex can remain intact on the gold surface, although the majority of the material unfolds into the free nanoring during electrospray deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Kondratuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu P, Neuhaus P, Kondratuk DV, Balaban TS, Anderson HL. Cyclodextrin-Templated Porphyrin Nanorings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
23
|
Liu P, Neuhaus P, Kondratuk DV, Balaban TS, Anderson HL. Cyclodextrin-templated porphyrin nanorings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7770-3. [PMID: 24916813 PMCID: PMC4298808 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
α- and β-Cyclodextrins have been used as scaffolds for the synthesis of six- and seven-legged templates by functionalizing every primary CH2OH with a 4-pyridyl moiety. Although these templates are flexible, they are very effective for directing the synthesis of macrocyclic porphyrin oligomers consisting of six or seven porphyrin units. The transfer of chirality from the cyclodextrin templates to their nanoring hosts is evident from NMR and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Surprisingly, the mean effective molarity for binding the flexible α-cyclodextrin-based template within the six-porphyrin nanoring (74 m) is almost as high as for the previously studied rigid hexadentate template (180 m). The discovery that flexible templates are effective in this system, and the availability of a template with a prime number of binding sites, open up many possibilities for the template-directed synthesis of larger macrocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Patrik Neuhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Dmitry V Kondratuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - T Silviu Balaban
- Aix Marseille Université, ISM2, CNRS UMR 7313Service 442, Ave Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille CEDEX 20 (France)
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford OX1 3TA (UK)
- [*] P. Liu, Dr. P. Neuhaus, Dr. D. V. Kondratuk, Prof. H. L. Anderson Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA (UK) E-mail: Homepage: http://hla.chem.ox.ac.uk/
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Neue Mitglieder der Royal Society: H. L. Anderson, G. C. Lloyd-Jones, P. O'Brien, C. J. Schofield, D. W.Stephan, K. C. Nicolaou / Lavoisier-Medaille: G. Férey / Richard-Willstätter-Vorlesung: K. Meerholz. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
25
|
New Fellows of The Royal Society: H. L. Anderson, G. C. Lloyd-Jones, P. O'Brien, C. J. Schofield, D. W. Stephan, K. C. Nicolaou / Lavoisier Medal: G. Férey / Richard Willstätter Lectureship: K. Meerholz. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
26
|
Tokuji S, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A. Preferential Formation of Cyclic Trimers by Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling Reactions of 2,18-Diethynylporphyrins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:12357-61. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
27
|
Tokuji S, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A. Preferential Formation of Cyclic Trimers by Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling Reactions of 2,18-Diethynylporphyrins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
28
|
Pawlicki M, Latos-Grażyński L. Eine dynamische Bibliothek von Porphyrin-Nanoringen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
29
|
Pawlicki M, Latos-Grażyński L. A Dynamic Library of Porphyrinic True Nanorings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:11205-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|