1
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Widera A, Conti R, Schrader E, Aebli M, Wörle M, Grützmacher H. Bis(acyl)phosphide - Ambidentate Ligands for the Synthesis of Group 14 and 15 Main Group Element Compounds. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200451. [PMID: 36786446 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of the bis(acyl)phosphide ion [P(COR)2 ]- (BAP- , R=Ph, Mes) with silicon halides SiX4 (X=Cl, Br) and pnictogen chlorides ECl3 (E=As, Sb and Bi) was investigated. The reaction with SiX4 leads to the hexacoordinate silanes SiX2 (BAP)2 in which BAP- is coordinated in the chelating κ2 -O,O' mode, analogously to acac- . Unexpectedly, the coordination behaviour of BAP- differs from the one of acac- in the interpnictogen compounds E(BAP)3 (E=As, Sb) in which the formation of E-P bonds is favoured over κ2 -O,O' chelation via the oxygen centres. Finally, the reaction of BiCl3 with three equivalents of Na(BAP) leads to the formation of red, crystalline Bi2 (BAP)4 , an air stable dibismuthine, as product of a redox reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Widera
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Conti
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erik Schrader
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Aebli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Wörle
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Petrone DA, Szkop KM, Miao L, St Onge P, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Stephan DW. A Primary Acyl Phosphine Stabilized by a Phosphonium Ylide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18547-18551. [PMID: 34125463 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Primary acyl-phosphines are scarce in the literature. Here we show that the reaction of Ph3 GePCO with the ylide Ph3 PCH2 proceeds to give the species Ph3 PCHC(O)PH(GePh3 ) 1. Deprotonation of 1 with Na[N(SiMe3 )2 ] generates the salt [Na(THF)2 ][Ph3 PCHC(O)P(GePh3 )] 2 which provides subsequent access to the bis-germanylated acylphosphine, Ph3 PCHC(O)P(GePh3 )2 3. Alternatively, treatment of 1 with HCl in dioxane affords the primary acylphosphine Ph3 PCHC(O)PH2 4. Compound 4 is a rare example of an air stable primary acyl-phosphines and the first devoid of a stabilizing heteroatom adjacent to the carbonyl fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Petrone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Kevin M Szkop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Linkun Miao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Piers St Onge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
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3
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Petrone DA, Szkop KM, Miao L, St. Onge P, Qu Z, Grimme S, Stephan DW. A Primary Acyl Phosphine Stabilized by a Phosphonium Ylide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Petrone
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Kevin M. Szkop
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Linkun Miao
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Piers St. Onge
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
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4
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Schuh L, Müller P, Torvisco A, Stueger H, Wrodnigg TM, Haas M. Synthesis of d-Galactose-Substituted Acylsilanes and Acylgermanes. Model Compounds for Visible Light Photoinitiators with Intriguing High Solubility. Organometallics 2021; 40:1185-1189. [PMID: 34054184 PMCID: PMC8155559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A convenient synthetic
method to obtain d-galactose-substituted
acylsilanes and acylgermanes is described. These acyl group 14 compounds
are easily accessible in good yields. Their structural properties
were analyzed by a combination of NMR, single crystal X-ray crystallography,
and UV/vis spectroscopy. A d-galactose-substituted tetraacylgermane
represents a new interesting visible light photoinitiator based on
its absorption properties as well as its high solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schuh
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Müller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Stueger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja M Wrodnigg
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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5
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Püschmann SD, Frühwirt P, Pillinger M, Knöchl A, Mikusch M, Radebner J, Torvisco A, Fischer RC, Moszner N, Gescheidt G, Haas M. Synthesis of Mixed-Functionalized Tetraacylgermanes. Chemistry 2020; 27:3338-3347. [PMID: 33034922 PMCID: PMC7898609 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tetraacylgermanes are known as highly efficient photoinitiators. Herein, the synthesis of mixed tetraacylgermanes 4 a–c and 6 a–e with a nonsymmetric substitution pattern is presented. Germenolates are crucial intermediates of these new synthetic protocols. The synthesized compounds show increased solubility compared with symmetrically substituted tetraacylgermanes 1 a–d. Moreover, these mixed derivatives reveal broadened n–π* absorption bands, which enhance their photoactivity. Higher absorption of these new compounds at wavelengths above 450 nm causes efficient photobleaching when using an LED emitting at 470 nm. The quantum yields are in the range of 0.15–0.57, depending on the nature of the aroyl substituents. On the basis of these properties, mixed‐functionalized tetraacylgermanes serve as ideal photoinitiators in various applications, especially in those requiring high penetration depth. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, NMR and CIDNP spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, photolysis experiments, and X‐ray crystallography. The CIDNP data suggest that the germyl radicals generated from the new tetraacylgermanes preferentially add to the tail of the monomer butyl acrylate. In the case of 6 a–e only the mesitoyl groups are cleaved off, whereas for 4 a–c both the mesitoyl and the aroyl group are subject to α‐cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina D Püschmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Frühwirt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technical University Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Pillinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Knöchl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Marlene Mikusch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Judith Radebner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland C Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Norbert Moszner
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, 9494, Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technical University Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
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6
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Abstract
Recently heavier Group 14 enolates showed their importance and applicability in a broad range of chemical transformations. They were found to be key intermediates during the synthesis of photoinitiators, as well as during the formation of complex silicon frameworks. This Minireview presents general strategies towards the synthesis of heavier Group 14 enolates (HG 14 enolates). Structural properties, as well as their spectroscopic behavior are outlined. This study may aid future development in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryTechnische Universität GrazStremayrgasse 9/IV8010GrazAustria
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7
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Qu Z, Zhu H, Grimme S. Acylation Reactions of Dibenzo-7-phosphanorbornadiene: DFT Mechanistic Insights. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:807-810. [PMID: 31293872 PMCID: PMC6594351 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive DFT calculations provide deep mechanistic insights into the acylation reactions of tert-butyl dibenzo-7-phosphanobornadiene with PhCOX (X=Cl, Br, I, OTf) in CH2Cl2 solution. Such reactions are initialized by the nucleophilic P⋅⋅⋅C attack to the carbonyl group to form the acylphosphonium intermediate A+ together with X- anion, followed either by nucleophilic X-⋅⋅⋅P attack (X=Cl, Br, and I) toward A+ to eliminate anthracene or by slow rearrangement or decomposition of A+ (X=OTf). In contrast to the first case (X=Cl) that is rate-limited by the initial P⋅⋅⋅C attack, other reactions are rate-limited by the second X-⋅⋅⋅P attack for X=Br and I and even thermodynamically prevented for X=OTf, leading to isolable phosphonium salts. The rearrangement of phosphonium A+ is initiated by a P-C bond cleavage, followed either by sequential proton-shifts to form anthracenyl acylphosphonium or by deprotonation with additional base Et3N to form neutral anthracenyl acylphosphine. Our DFT results strongly support the separated acylphosphonium A+ as the key reaction intermediate that may be useful for the transfer of acylphosphenium in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of BonnBeringstr. 453115BonnGermany
| | - Hui Zhu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of BonnBeringstr. 453115BonnGermany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of BonnBeringstr. 453115BonnGermany
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8
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Radebner J, Eibel A, Leypold M, Jungwirth N, Pickl T, Torvisco A, Fischer R, Fischer UK, Moszner N, Gescheidt G, Stueger H, Haas M. Tetraacylstannanes as Long-Wavelength Visible-Light Photoinitiators with Intriguing Low Toxicity. Chemistry 2018; 24:8281-8285. [PMID: 29709089 PMCID: PMC6032833 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The first tetraacylstannanes Sn[(CO)R]4 (R=2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl (1 a) and 2,6‐dimethylphenyl (1 b)), a class of highly efficient Sn‐based photoinitiators, were synthesized. The formation of these derivatives was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X‐ray crystallography. The UV/Vis absorption spectra of 1 a, b reveal a significant redshift of the longest wavelength absorption compared to the corresponding germanium compounds. In contrast to the known toxicity of organotin derivatives, the AMES test and cytotoxicity studies reveal intriguing low toxicity. The excellent performance of 1 as photoinitiators is demonstrated by photobleaching (UV/Vis) and NMR/CIDNP investigations, as well as photo‐DSC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Radebner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Eibel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Mario Leypold
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Nina Jungwirth
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Pickl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Urs Karl Fischer
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, 9494, Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Norbert Moszner
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, 9494, Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Stueger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
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9
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Haas M, Radebner J, Eibel A, Gescheidt G, Stueger H. Recent Advances in Germanium-Based Photoinitiator Chemistry. Chemistry 2018; 24:8258-8267. [PMID: 29356151 PMCID: PMC6032850 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Acylgermanes provide an outstanding photoinduced reactivity at very useful absorption wavelengths. This encouraged multidisciplinary research groups to utilize them as highly effective and non-toxic photoinitiators particularly for medical applications. In this Minireview, we present the most recent breakthroughs to synthesize acylgermanes. We also outline mechanistic aspects of photoinduced reactions of several acylgermane derivatives based on fundamental spectroscopic insights. These studies may aid future developments for tailor-made photoinitiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Judith Radebner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Eibel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Stueger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
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10
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Wang J, Chiappone A, Roppolo I, Shao F, Fantino E, Lorusso M, Rentsch D, Dietliker K, Pirri CF, Grützmacher H. All-in-One Cellulose Nanocrystals for 3D Printing of Nanocomposite Hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2353-2356. [PMID: 29266601 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with >2000 photoactive groups on each can act as highly efficient initiators for radical polymerizations, cross-linkers, as well as covalently embedded nanofillers for nanocomposite hydrogels. This is achieved by a simple and reliable method for surface modification of CNCs with a photoactive bis(acyl)phosphane oxide derivative. Shape-persistent and free-standing 3D structured objects were printed with a mono-functional methacrylate, showing a superior swelling capacity and improved mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Annalisa Chiappone
- Center for Sustainable Futures, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento, 21, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Ignazio Roppolo
- DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 21, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Feng Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erika Fantino
- DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 21, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Lorusso
- Center for Sustainable Futures, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento, 21, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniel Rentsch
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Dietliker
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Center for Sustainable Futures, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento, 21, 10129, Torino, Italy.,DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 21, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Wang J, Chiappone A, Roppolo I, Shao F, Fantino E, Lorusso M, Rentsch D, Dietliker K, Pirri CF, Grützmacher H. All-in-One Cellulose Nanocrystals for 3D Printing of Nanocomposite Hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry; ETH Zürich; 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Annalisa Chiappone
- Center for Sustainable Futures; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento, 21; 10129 Torino Italy
| | - Ignazio Roppolo
- DISAT, Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 21 10129 Torino Italy
| | - Feng Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; ETH Zürich; 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Erika Fantino
- DISAT, Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 21 10129 Torino Italy
| | - Massimo Lorusso
- Center for Sustainable Futures; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento, 21; 10129 Torino Italy
| | - Daniel Rentsch
- EMPA; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Kurt Dietliker
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry; ETH Zürich; 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Center for Sustainable Futures; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento, 21; 10129 Torino Italy
- DISAT, Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 21 10129 Torino Italy
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry; ETH Zürich; 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
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12
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Gediga M, Schlindwein SH, Bender J, Nieger M, Gudat D. Variable Reactivity of a N-Heterocyclic Phosphenium Complex: P-C Bond Activation or "Abnormal" Deprotonation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15718-15722. [PMID: 28980421 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of an N-heterocyclic phosphenium complex of manganese with MeLi/Et3 NHCl under formal addition of CH4 to the Mn=P double bond can be reversed upon UV photolysis, providing a rare example for selective P-C(alkyl) bond activation. Action of LDA on the phosphenium complex does not proceed via attack at phosphorus but rather via C4-deprotonation to yield a unique P-analogue of an "abnormal" carbene. A transmetalation product of the original complex was fully characterized. The C-metalation is also applicable to bis-phosphenium complexes of other metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gediga
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simon H Schlindwein
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Bender
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
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13
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Gediga M, Schlindwein SH, Bender J, Nieger M, Gudat D. Variable Reaktivität eines N-heterocyclischen Phosphenium-Komplexes: P-C-Bindungsaktivierung oder “abnormale” Deprotonierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gediga
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Simon H. Schlindwein
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Johannes Bender
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O Box 55 00014 University of Helsinki Finnland
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Deutschland
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14
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Radebner J, Eibel A, Leypold M, Gorsche C, Schuh L, Fischer R, Torvisco A, Neshchadin D, Geier R, Moszner N, Liska R, Gescheidt G, Haas M, Stueger H. Tetraacylgermanes: Highly Efficient Photoinitiators for Visible-Light-Induced Free-Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3103-3107. [PMID: 28156043 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution a convenient synthetic method to obtain tetraacylgermanes Ge[C(O)R]4 (R=mesityl (1 a), phenyl (1 b)), a previously unknown class of highly efficient Ge-based photoinitiators, is described. Tetraacylgermanes are easily accessible via a one-pot synthetic protocol in >85 % yield, as confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. The efficiency of 1 a,b as photoinitiators is demonstrated in photobleaching (UV/Vis), time-resolved EPR (CIDEP), and NMR/CIDNP investigations as well as by photo-DSC studies. Remarkably, the tetraacylgermanes exceed the performance of currently known long-wavelength visible-light photoinitiators for free-radical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Radebner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Eibel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Austria
| | - Mario Leypold
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry, Technische Universität Wien, Austria
| | - Lukas Schuh
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Dmytro Neshchadin
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Austria
| | - Roman Geier
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Austria
| | | | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry, Technische Universität Wien, Austria
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Stueger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
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15
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Radebner J, Eibel A, Leypold M, Gorsche C, Schuh L, Fischer R, Torvisco A, Neshchadin D, Geier R, Moszner N, Liska R, Gescheidt G, Haas M, Stueger H. Tetraacylgermane: hochwirksame Photoinitiatoren für die radikalische Polymerisation mit sichtbarem Licht. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Radebner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/IV 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Anna Eibel
- Institute für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Österreich
| | - Mario Leypold
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/IV 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Institut für Angewandte Synthesechemie und Christian Doppler, Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Technische Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Lukas Schuh
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/IV 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Roland Fischer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/IV 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/IV 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Dmytro Neshchadin
- Institute für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Österreich
| | - Roman Geier
- Institute für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Österreich
| | | | - Robert Liska
- Institut für Angewandte Synthesechemie und Christian Doppler, Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Technische Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Österreich
| | - Michael Haas
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/IV 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Harald Stueger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/IV 8010 Graz Österreich
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16
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Gianetti TL, Rodríguez-Lugo RE, Harmer JR, Trincado M, Vogt M, Santiso-Quinones G, Grützmacher H. Zero-Valent Amino-Olefin Cobalt Complexes as Catalysts for Oxygen Atom Transfer Reactions from Nitrous Oxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Gianetti
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Rafael E. Rodríguez-Lugo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Laboratorio de Química Bioinorgánica; Centro de Química; Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC); Caracas 1020-A Venezuela
| | - Jeffrey R. Harmer
- Centre for Advanced Imaging; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Monica Trincado
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Matthias Vogt
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie; Universität Bremen; Leobener Str. NW2 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Gustavo Santiso-Quinones
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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17
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Gianetti TL, Rodríguez-Lugo RE, Harmer JR, Trincado M, Vogt M, Santiso-Quinones G, Grützmacher H. Zero-Valent Amino-Olefin Cobalt Complexes as Catalysts for Oxygen Atom Transfer Reactions from Nitrous Oxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15323-15328. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Gianetti
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Rafael E. Rodríguez-Lugo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Laboratorio de Química Bioinorgánica; Centro de Química; Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC); Caracas 1020-A Venezuela
| | - Jeffrey R. Harmer
- Centre for Advanced Imaging; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Monica Trincado
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Matthias Vogt
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie; Universität Bremen; Leobener Str. NW2 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Gustavo Santiso-Quinones
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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