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Gude F, Molloy EM, Horch T, Dell M, Dunbar KL, Krabbe J, Groll M, Hertweck C. A Specialized Polythioamide‐Binding Protein Confers Antibiotic Self‐Resistance in Anaerobic Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206168. [PMID: 35852818 PMCID: PMC9545259 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Understanding antibiotic resistance mechanisms is central to the development of anti‐infective therapies and genomics‐based drug discovery. Yet, many knowledge gaps remain regarding the resistance strategies employed against novel types of antibiotics from less‐explored producers such as anaerobic bacteria, among them the Clostridia. Through the use of genome editing and functional assays, we found that CtaZ confers self‐resistance against the copper chelator and gyrase inhibitor closthioamide (CTA) in Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum. Bioinformatics, biochemical analyses, and X‐ray crystallography revealed CtaZ as a founding member of a new group of GyrI‐like proteins. CtaZ is unique in binding a polythioamide scaffold in a ligand‐optimized hydrophobic pocket, thereby confining CTA. By genome mining using CtaZ as a handle, we discovered previously overlooked homologs encoded by diverse members of the phylum Firmicutes, including many pathogens. In addition to characterizing both a new role for a GyrI‐like domain in self‐resistance and unprecedented thioamide binding, this work aids in uncovering related drug‐resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Gude
- Research Unit Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll InstituteAdolf-Reichwein-Straße 2307745JenaGermany
| | - Evelyn M. Molloy
- Research Unit Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll InstituteAdolf-Reichwein-Straße 2307745JenaGermany
| | - Therese Horch
- Research Unit Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll InstituteAdolf-Reichwein-Straße 2307745JenaGermany
| | - Maria Dell
- Research Unit Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll InstituteAdolf-Reichwein-Straße 2307745JenaGermany
| | - Kyle L. Dunbar
- Research Unit Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll InstituteAdolf-Reichwein-Straße 2307745JenaGermany
| | - Jana Krabbe
- Research Unit Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll InstituteAdolf-Reichwein-Straße 2307745JenaGermany
| | - Michael Groll
- Center for Protein AssembliesTechnical University of MunichErnst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 885747GarchingGermany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Research Unit Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll InstituteAdolf-Reichwein-Straße 2307745JenaGermany
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
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2
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Gude F, Molloy EM, Horch T, Dell M, Dunbar KL, Krabbe J, Groll M, Hertweck C. A Specialized Polythioamide‐Binding Protein Confers Antibiotic Self‐Resistance in Anaerobic Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Finn Gude
- Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Evelyn M. Molloy
- Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Therese Horch
- Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Maria Dell
- Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Kyle L. Dunbar
- Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Jana Krabbe
- Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Michael Groll
- TU München: Technische Universitat Munchen Center for Protein Assemblies GERMANY
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Department of Biomolecular Chemistry Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena GERMANY
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3
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Dunbar KL, Dell M, Molloy EM, Büttner H, Kumpfmüller J, Hertweck C. An Unexpected Split-Merge Pathway in the Assembly of the Symmetric Nonribosomal Peptide Antibiotic Closthioamide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4104-4109. [PMID: 33119936 PMCID: PMC7898593 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Closthioamide (CTA) is a symmetric nonribosomal peptide (NRP) comprised of two diaminopropane-linked polythioamidated monomers. CTA is biosynthesized by Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum via an atypical NRP synthetase (NRPS)-independent biosynthetic pathway. Although the logic for monomer assembly was recently elucidated, the strategy for the biosynthesis and incorporation of the diamine linker remained a mystery. By means of genome editing, synthesis, and in vitro biochemical assays, we demonstrate that the final steps in CTA maturation proceed through a surprising split-merge pathway involving the dual use of a thiotemplated intermediate. This pathway includes the first examples of an aldo-keto reductase catalyzing the reductive release of a thiotemplated product, and of a transthioamidating transglutaminase. In addition to clarifying the remaining steps in CTA assembly, our data shed light on largely unexplored pathways for NRPS-independent peptide biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L. Dunbar
- Dept. of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Maria Dell
- Dept. of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Evelyn M. Molloy
- Dept. of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Hannah Büttner
- Dept. of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Jana Kumpfmüller
- Dept. of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Dept. of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
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4
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Dunbar KL, Dell M, Molloy EM, Büttner H, Kumpfmüller J, Hertweck C. An Unexpected Split‐Merge Pathway in the Assembly of the Symmetric Nonribosomal Peptide Antibiotic Closthioamide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L. Dunbar
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Maria Dell
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Evelyn M. Molloy
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Hannah Büttner
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Jana Kumpfmüller
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences Friedrich Schiller University Jena 07743 Jena Germany
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5
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Dennison C. The Coordination Chemistry of Copper Uptake and Storage for Methane Oxidation. Chemistry 2018; 25:74-86. [PMID: 30281847 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Methanotrophs are remarkable bacteria that utilise large quantities of copper (Cu) to oxidize the potent greenhouse gas methane. To assist in providing the Cu they require for this process some methanotrophs can secrete the Cu-sequestering modified peptide methanobactin. These small molecules bind CuI with very high affinity and crystal structures have given insight into why this is the case, and also how the metal ion may be released within the cell. A much greater proportion of methanotrophs, genomes of which have been sequenced, possess a member of a newly discovered bacterial family of copper storage proteins (the Csps). These are tetramers of four-helix bundles whose cores are lined with Cys residues enabling the binding of large numbers of CuI ions. In methanotrophs, a Csp exported from the cytosol stores CuI for the active site of the ubiquitous enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of methane. The presence of cytosolic Csps, not only in methanotrophs but in a wide range of bacteria, challenges the dogma that these organisms have no requirement for Cu in this location. The properties of the Csps, with an emphasis on CuI binding and the structures of the sites formed, are the primary focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dennison
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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6
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Dunbar KL, Büttner H, Molloy EM, Dell M, Kumpfmüller J, Hertweck C. Genome Editing Reveals Novel Thiotemplated Assembly of Polythioamide Antibiotics in Anaerobic Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L. Dunbar
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI; Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Hannah Büttner
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI; Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Evelyn M. Molloy
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI; Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Maria Dell
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI; Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Jana Kumpfmüller
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI; Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI; Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
- Natural Product Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University; 07743 Jena Germany
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7
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Dunbar KL, Büttner H, Molloy EM, Dell M, Kumpfmüller J, Hertweck C. Genome Editing Reveals Novel Thiotemplated Assembly of Polythioamide Antibiotics in Anaerobic Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14080-14084. [PMID: 30193003 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Closthioamide (CTA) is a unique symmetric nonribosomal peptide with six thioamide moieties that is produced by the Gram-positive obligate anaerobe Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum. CTA displays potent inhibitory activity against important clinical pathogens, making it a promising drug candidate. Yet, the biosynthesis of this DNA gyrase-targeting antibiotic has remained enigmatic. Using a combination of genome mining, genome editing (targeted group II intron, CRISPR/Cas9), and heterologous expression, we show that CTA biosynthesis involves specialized enzymes for starter unit biosynthesis, amide bond formation, thionation, and dimerization. Surprisingly, CTA biosynthesis involves a novel thiotemplated peptide assembly line that markedly differs from known nonribosomal peptide synthetases. These findings provide the first insights into the biosynthesis of thioamide-containing nonribosomal peptides and offer a starting point for the discovery of related natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L Dunbar
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Hannah Büttner
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Evelyn M Molloy
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Dell
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Kumpfmüller
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Natural Product Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany
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8
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Litomska A, Ishida K, Dunbar KL, Boettger M, Coyne S, Hertweck C. Enzymatic Thioamide Formation in a Bacterial Antimetabolite Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11574-11578. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Litomska
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI) Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Keishi Ishida
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI) Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Kyle L. Dunbar
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI) Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Marco Boettger
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI) Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Sébastien Coyne
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI) Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI) Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich Schiller University Jena 07743 Jena Germany
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9
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Litomska A, Ishida K, Dunbar KL, Boettger M, Coyne S, Hertweck C. Enzymatic Thioamide Formation in a Bacterial Antimetabolite Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Litomska
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI); Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Keishi Ishida
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI); Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Kyle L. Dunbar
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI); Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Marco Boettger
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI); Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Sébastien Coyne
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI); Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI); Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; 07743 Jena Germany
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10
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Baslé A, El Ghazouani A, Lee J, Dennison C. Insight into Metal Removal from Peptides that Sequester Copper for Methane Oxidation. Chemistry 2018; 24:4515-4518. [PMID: 29365216 PMCID: PMC5947558 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Methanobactins (Mbns) are modified peptides that sequester copper (Cu) methanotrophs use to oxidize methane. Limited structural information is available for this class of natural products, as is an understanding of how cells are able to utilize Mbn-bound Cu. The crystal structure of Methylosinus sporium NR3K CuI -Mbn provides further information about the structural diversity of Mbns and the first insight into their Cu-release mechanism. Nitrogen ligands from oxazolone and pyrazinediol rings chelate CuI along with adjacent coordinating sulfurs from thioamides. In vitro solution data are consistent with a CuI -Mbn monomer as found for previously characterized Mbns. In the crystal structure, the N-terminal region has undergone a conformational change allowing the formation of a CuI2 -Mbn2 dimer with CuI sites bound by chelating units from adjacent chains. Such a structural alteration will facilitate CuI release from Mbns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Baslé
- Institute for Cell and Molecular BiosciencesMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE2 4HHUK
| | - Abdelnasser El Ghazouani
- Institute for Cell and Molecular BiosciencesMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE2 4HHUK
| | - Jaeick Lee
- Institute for Cell and Molecular BiosciencesMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE2 4HHUK
| | - Christopher Dennison
- Institute for Cell and Molecular BiosciencesMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE2 4HHUK
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11
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Kienz T, Förster C, Heinze K. Generation and Oligomerization of N-Ferrocenyl Ketenimines via Open-Shell Intermediates. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torben Kienz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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12
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Kloss F, Chiriac AI, Hertweck C. Mapping of the Modular Closthioamide Architecture Reveals Crucial Motifs of Polythioamide Antibiotics. Chemistry 2014; 20:15451-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Pidot S, Ishida K, Cyrulies M, Hertweck C. Discovery of Clostrubin, an Exceptional Polyphenolic Polyketide Antibiotic from a Strictly Anaerobic Bacterium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7856-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Pidot S, Ishida K, Cyrulies M, Hertweck C. Discovery of Clostrubin, an Exceptional Polyphenolic Polyketide Antibiotic from a Strictly Anaerobic Bacterium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Kienz T, Förster C, Heinze K. Impact of O → S Exchange in Ferrocenyl Amides on the Structure and Redox Chemistry. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500052k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torben Kienz
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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