1
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Babii O, Afonin S, Diel C, Huhn M, Dommermuth J, Schober T, Koniev S, Hrebonkin A, Nesterov‐Mueller A, Komarov IV, Ulrich AS. Diarylethene-Based Photoswitchable Inhibitors of Serine Proteases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21789-21794. [PMID: 34268844 PMCID: PMC8519022 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A bicyclic peptide scaffold was chemically adapted to generate diarylethene-based photoswitchable inhibitors of serine protease Bos taurus trypsin 1 (T1). Starting from a prototype molecule-sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1)-we obtained light-controllable inhibitors of T1 with Ki in the low nanomolar range, whose activity could be modulated over 20-fold by irradiation. The inhibitory potency as well as resistance to proteolytic degradation were systematically studied on a series of 17 SFTI-1 analogues. The hydrogen bond network that stabilizes the structure of inhibitors and possibly the enzyme-inhibitor binding dynamics were affected by isomerization of the photoswitch. The feasibility of manipulating enzyme activity in time and space was demonstrated by controlled digestion of gelatin-based hydrogel and an antimicrobial peptide BP100-RW. Finally, our design principles of diarylethene photoswitches are shown to apply also for the development of other serine protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Babii
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)POB 364076021KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT)KITHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)POB 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Christian Diel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)KITFritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Marcel Huhn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)KITFritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Jennifer Dommermuth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)KITFritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Tim Schober
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)KITFritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
- Lumobiotics GmbHAuer Straße 276227KarlsruheGermany
| | - Serhii Koniev
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyivvul. Volodymyrska 601601KyivUkraine
| | - Andrii Hrebonkin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)POB 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Alexander Nesterov‐Mueller
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT)KITHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Igor V. Komarov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyivvul. Volodymyrska 601601KyivUkraine
- Lumobiotics GmbHAuer Straße 276227KarlsruheGermany
| | - Anne S. Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)POB 364076021KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)KITFritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
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2
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Babii O, Afonin S, Diel C, Huhn M, Dommermuth J, Schober T, Koniev S, Hrebonkin A, Nesterov‐Mueller A, Komarov IV, Ulrich AS. Diarylethen‐basierte lichtschaltbare Inhibitoren von Serinproteasen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Babii
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT) KIT Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Christian Diel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) KIT Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Marcel Huhn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) KIT Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Jennifer Dommermuth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) KIT Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Tim Schober
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) KIT Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Lumobiotics GmbH Auer Straße 2 76227 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Serhii Koniev
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv vul. Volodymyrska 60 1601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Andrii Hrebonkin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Alexander Nesterov‐Mueller
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT) KIT Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Igor V. Komarov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv vul. Volodymyrska 60 1601 Kyiv Ukraine
- Lumobiotics GmbH Auer Straße 2 76227 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Anne S. Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) KIT Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
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3
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Trads JB, Hüll K, Matsuura BS, Laprell L, Fehrentz T, Görldt N, Kozek KA, Weaver CD, Klöcker N, Barber DM, Trauner D. Sign Inversion in Photopharmacology: Incorporation of Cyclic Azobenzenes in Photoswitchable Potassium Channel Blockers and Openers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie B. Trads
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 Munich Germany
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology Department of Chemistry and iNANO Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Katharina Hüll
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 Munich Germany
- Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003-6699 USA
| | - Bryan S. Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 Munich Germany
- Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003-6699 USA
| | - Laura Laprell
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Timm Fehrentz
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty University of Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Nicole Görldt
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty University of Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Krystian A. Kozek
- Department of Pharmacology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
| | - C. David Weaver
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemistry Institute of Chemical Biology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
| | - Nikolaj Klöcker
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty University of Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - David M. Barber
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 Munich Germany
- Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003-6699 USA
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4
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Trads JB, Hüll K, Matsuura BS, Laprell L, Fehrentz T, Görldt N, Kozek KA, Weaver CD, Klöcker N, Barber DM, Trauner D. Sign Inversion in Photopharmacology: Incorporation of Cyclic Azobenzenes in Photoswitchable Potassium Channel Blockers and Openers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15421-15428. [PMID: 31441199 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Photopharmacology relies on ligands that change their pharmacodynamics upon photoisomerization. Many of these ligands are azobenzenes that are thermodynamically more stable in their elongated trans-configuration. Often, they are biologically active in this form and lose activity upon irradiation and photoisomerization to their cis-isomer. Recently, cyclic azobenzenes, so-called diazocines, have emerged, which are thermodynamically more stable in their bent cis-form. Incorporation of these switches into a variety of photopharmaceuticals could convert dark-active ligands into dark-inactive ligands, which is preferred in most biological applications. This "pharmacological sign-inversion" is demonstrated for a photochromic blocker of voltage-gated potassium channels, termed CAL, and a photochromic opener of G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels, termed CLOGO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie B Trads
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Center for DNA Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Katharina Hüll
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003-6699, USA
| | - Bryan S Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003-6699, USA
| | - Laura Laprell
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Timm Fehrentz
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Görldt
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Krystian A Kozek
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C David Weaver
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nikolaj Klöcker
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David M Barber
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003-6699, USA
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5
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Claaßen C, Gerlach T, Rother D. Stimulus-Responsive Regulation of Enzyme Activity for One-Step and Multi-Step Syntheses. Adv Synth Catal 2019; 361:2387-2401. [PMID: 31244574 PMCID: PMC6582597 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Multi-step biocatalytic reactions have gained increasing importance in recent years because the combination of different enzymes enables the synthesis of a broad variety of industrially relevant products. However, the more enzymes combined, the more crucial it is to avoid cross-reactivity in these cascade reactions and thus achieve high product yields and high purities. The selective control of enzyme activity, i.e., remote on-/off-switching of enzymes, might be a suitable tool to avoid the formation of unwanted by-products in multi-enzyme reactions. This review compiles a range of methods that are known to modulate enzyme activity in a stimulus-responsive manner. It focuses predominantly on in vitro systems and is subdivided into reversible and irreversible enzyme activity control. Furthermore, a discussion section provides indications as to which factors should be considered when designing and choosing activity control systems for biocatalysis. Finally, an outlook is given regarding the future prospects of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Claaßen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences – Biotechnology (IBG-1)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
| | - Tim Gerlach
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences – Biotechnology (IBG-1)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt)RWTH Aachen University52074AachenGermany
| | - Dörte Rother
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences – Biotechnology (IBG-1)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt)RWTH Aachen University52074AachenGermany
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6
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Lachmann D, Lahmy R, König B. Fulgimides as Light‐Activated Tools in Biological Investigations. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Lachmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - R. Lahmy
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - B. König
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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7
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Yeoh YQ, Yu J, Polyak SW, Horsley JR, Abell AD. Photopharmacological Control of Cyclic Antimicrobial Peptides. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2591-2597. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qi Yeoh
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)Department of ChemistryThe University of Adelaide, North Terrace Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Jingxian Yu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)Department of ChemistryThe University of Adelaide, North Terrace Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Steven W. Polyak
- School of Biological SciencesDepartment of Molecular and Cellular BiologyThe University of Adelaide, North Terrace Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - John R. Horsley
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)Department of ChemistryThe University of Adelaide, North Terrace Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Andrew D. Abell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP)Department of ChemistryThe University of Adelaide, North Terrace Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
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8
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Komarov IV, Afonin S, Babii O, Schober T, Ulrich AS. Efficiently Photocontrollable or Not? Biological Activity of Photoisomerizable Diarylethenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:11245-11254. [PMID: 29633378 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diarylethene derivatives, the biological activity of which can be reversibly changed by irradiation with light of different wavelengths, have shown promise as scientific tools and as candidates for photocontrollable drugs. However, examples demonstrating efficient photocontrol of their biological activity are still relatively rare. This concept article discusses the possible reasons for this situation and presents a critical analysis of existing data and hypotheses in this field, in order to extract the design principles enabling the construction of efficient photocontrollable diarylethene-based molecules. Papers addressing biologically relevant interactions between diarylethenes and biomolecules are analyzed; however, in most published cases, the efficiency of photocontrol in living systems remains to be demonstrated. We hope that this article will encourage further discussion of design principles, primarily among pharmacologists, synthetic and medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Komarov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, vul. Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Lumobiotics GmbH, Auer Str. 2, 76227, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Oleg Babii
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tim Schober
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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9
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Kneuttinger AC, Winter M, Simeth NA, Heyn K, Merkl R, König B, Sterner R. Artificial Light Regulation of an Allosteric Bienzyme Complex by a Photosensitive Ligand. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1750-1757. [PMID: 29808949 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The artificial regulation of proteins by light is an emerging subdiscipline of synthetic biology. Here, we used this concept to photocontrol both catalysis and allostery within the heterodimeric enzyme complex imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase (ImGP-S). ImGP-S consists of the cyclase subunit HisF and the glutaminase subunit HisH, which is allosterically stimulated by substrate binding to HisF. We show that a light-sensitive diarylethene (1,2-dithienylethene, DTE)-based competitive inhibitor in its ring-open state binds with low micromolar affinity to the cyclase subunit and displaces its substrate from the active site. As a consequence, catalysis by HisF and allosteric stimulation of HisH are impaired. Following UV-light irradiation, the DTE ligand adopts its ring-closed state and loses affinity for HisF, restoring activity and allostery. Our approach allows for the switching of ImGP-S activity and allostery during catalysis and appears to be generally applicable for the light regulation of other multienzyme complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Kneuttinger
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Heyn
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Merkl
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Sterner
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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10
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Lachmann D, Studte C, Männel B, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, König B. Photochromic Dopamine Receptor Ligands Based on Dithienylethenes and Fulgides. Chemistry 2017. [PMID: 28650111 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We describe the incorporation of the well-investigated class of photochromic dithienylethenes (DTEs) and fulgides into known dopamine receptor ligands such as 1,4-disubstituted aromatic and hydroxybenzoxazinone piperazines as well as aminoindanes. Subtype and functional selective photochromic ligands were obtained and characterized by NMR and UV/VIS spectroscopic measurements. The photophysical properties of the DTE based dopamine ligands revealed a high fatigue resistance for the diarylmaleimides, but the ringclosure could not be accomplished in polar solvents due to a known twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT). Several cyclopentene-DTEs showed high PSS, but a fast degradation by forming an irreversible byproduct. Focusing on the fulgides, high photostationary states and switching in polar solvents were possible. The compounds 43, 45 and 46 containing the isopropyl group showed only isomerization between the open E-form and the closed C-form. At a concentration of 1 nm, the cyclopentene-DTE 29-open showed a more than 11-fold higher activation of D2S , a pharmacologically important G protein-coupled receptor, than its photochromic congener 29-closed. Interestingly, the fulgimide-based pair 52-(E)-open/52-closed could be discovered as an alternative photoswitch with inverse activation properties exhibiting four-fold higher activity in the closed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lachmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Studte
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Männel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University, Emil Fischer Center, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University, Emil Fischer Center, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University, Emil Fischer Center, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Herder M, Eisenreich F, Bonasera A, Grafl A, Grubert L, Pätzel M, Schwarz J, Hecht S. Light-Controlled Reversible Modulation of Frontier Molecular Orbital Energy Levels in Trifluoromethylated Diarylethenes. Chemistry 2017; 23:3743-3754. [PMID: 28093831 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Among bistable photochromic molecules, diarylethenes (DAEs) possess the distinct feature that upon photoisomerization they undergo a large modulation of their π-electronic system, accompanied by a marked shift of the HOMO/LUMO energies and hence oxidation/reduction potentials. The electronic modulation can be utilized to remote-control charge- as well as energy-transfer processes and it can be transduced to functional entities adjacent to the DAE core, thereby regulating their properties. In order to exploit such photoswitchable systems it is important to precisely adjust the absolute position of their HOMO and LUMO levels and to maximize the extent of the photoinduced shifts of these energy levels. Here, we present a comprehensive study detailing how variation of the substitution pattern of DAE compounds, in particular using strongly electron-accepting and chemically stable trifluoromethyl groups either in the periphery or at the reactive carbon atoms, allows for the precise tuning of frontier molecular orbital levels over a broad energy range and the generation of photoinduced shifts of more than 1 eV. Furthermore, the effect of different DAE architectures on the transduction of these shifts to an adjacent functional group is discussed. Whereas substitution in the periphery of the DAE motif has only minor implications on the photochemistry, trifluoromethylation at the reactive carbon atoms strongly disturbs the isomerization efficiency. However, this can be overcome by using a nonsymmetrical substitution pattern or by combination with donor groups, rendering the resulting photoswitches attractive candidates for the construction of remote-controlled functional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Herder
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Eisenreich
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aurelio Bonasera
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Grafl
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Grubert
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Pätzel
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jutta Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Wilson D, Li JW, Branda NR. Visible-Light-Triggered Activation of a Protein Kinase Inhibitor. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:284-287. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Wilson
- 4D LABS; Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University; 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Jason W. Li
- 4D LABS; Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University; 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Neil R. Branda
- 4D LABS; Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University; 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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13
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Lerch MM, Hansen MJ, van Dam GM, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Emerging Targets in Photopharmacology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10978-99. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Lerch
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mickel J. Hansen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Gooitzen M. van Dam
- Department of Surgery, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and Intensive Care, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands
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Lerch MM, Hansen MJ, van Dam GM, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Neue Ziele für die Photopharmakologie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Lerch
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Niederlande
| | - Mickel J. Hansen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Niederlande
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen Niederlande
| | - Gooitzen M. van Dam
- Department of Surgery, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and Intensive Care, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen Niederlande
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Niederlande
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen Niederlande
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Niederlande
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen Niederlande
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen Niederlande
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15
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Szymanski W, Ourailidou ME, Velema WA, Dekker FJ, Feringa BL. Light-Controlled Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors: Towards Photopharmacological Chemotherapy. Chemistry 2015; 21:16517-16524. [PMID: 26418117 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment suffers from limitations that have a major impact on the patient's quality of life and survival. In the case of chemotherapy, the systemic distribution of cytotoxic drugs reduces their efficacy and causes severe side effects due to nonselective toxicity. Photopharmacology allows a novel approach to address these problems because it employs external, local activation of chemotherapeutic agents by using light. The development of photoswitchable histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as potential antitumor agents is reported herein. Analogues of the clinically used chemotherapeutic agents vorinostat, panobinostat, and belinostat were designed with a photoswitchable azobenzene moiety incorporated into their structure. The most promising compound exhibits high inhibitory potency in the thermodynamically less stable cis form and a significantly lower activity for the trans form, both in terms of HDAC activity and proliferation of HeLa cells. This approach offers a clear prospect towards local photoactivation of HDAC inhibition to avoid severe side effects in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The Netherlands).,Department of Radiology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Maria E Ourailidou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Willem A Velema
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Frank J Dekker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The Netherlands)
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16
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Hoffmann J, Kazmaier U. A straightforward approach towards cyclic photoactivatable tubulysin derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11356-60. [PMID: 25196233 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of a new photolabile protecting group containing an additional allyl functionality allows the synthesis of cyclic photoactivatable natural products. Cyclization occurs between the allyl moiety in the protecting group and a second double bond in the target molecule by means of ring-closing metathesis. Cyclization should increase the metabolic stability towards proteases. On the other hand, the conformational change should cause diminished biological activity. As illustrated for tubulysin derivatives, cyclic and photoactivatable drug candidates can easily be obtained in only two steps from simple building blocks through Ugi reaction and ring-closing metathesis. The photolabile protecting group is introduced by means of the isocyanide component during the Ugi reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Hoffmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, P.O. Box 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken (Germany) http://www.uni-saarland.de/fak8/kazmaier
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17
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Hoffmann J, Kazmaier U. Ein einfacher Zugang zu cyclischen photoaktivierbaren Tubulysin-Derivaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Babii O, Afonin S, Berditsch M, Reiβer S, Mykhailiuk PK, Kubyshkin VS, Steinbrecher T, Ulrich AS, Komarov IV. Controlling Biological Activity with Light: Diarylethene-Containing Cyclic Peptidomimetics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3392-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Babii O, Afonin S, Berditsch M, Reiβer S, Mykhailiuk PK, Kubyshkin VS, Steinbrecher T, Ulrich AS, Komarov IV. Controlling Biological Activity with Light: Diarylethene-Containing Cyclic Peptidomimetics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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