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Schopper N, Landmann J, Sprenger JAP, Zapf L, Bertermann R, Ignat'ev NV, Finze M. Alkylcyanoborate Anions: Building Blocks for Fluorine-Free Low-Viscosity, Electrochemically and Thermally Stable Ionic Liquids. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301497. [PMID: 37395305 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A set of mixed-substituted potassium alkylcyano- and alkylcyanofluoroborates has been synthesized using easily accessible starting compounds and characterized by elemental analysis, NMR and vibrational spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. In addition, single-crystal structures of salts of the cyanoborate anions have been derived from X-ray diffraction experiments. The 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium room temperature ionic liquids ([EMIm]+ -RTILs) with the new borate anions have been synthesized and their physicochemical properties, that is, high thermal and electrochemical stability, low viscosity, and high conductivity, have been compared to the properties of related [EMIm]+ -RTILs. The influence of the different alkyl substituents at boron has been assessed. The exemplary study on the properties with the [EMIm]+ -ILs with the mixed water stable alkylcyanoborate anions points towards the potential of these fluorine-free borate anions, in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schopper
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Landmann
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan A P Sprenger
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ludwig Zapf
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nikolai V Ignat'ev
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Consultant, Merck Life Science KGaA, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Bejaoui YKJ, Philippi F, Stammler HG, Radacki K, Zapf L, Schopper N, Goloviznina K, Maibom KAM, Graf R, Sprenger JAP, Bertermann R, Braunschweig H, Welton T, Ignat'ev NV, Finze M. Insights into structure-property relationships in ionic liquids using cyclic perfluoroalkylsulfonylimides. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2200-2214. [PMID: 36845914 PMCID: PMC9945419 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06758g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Room temperature ionic liquids of cyclic sulfonimide anions ncPFSI (ring size: n = 4-6) with the cations [EMIm]+ (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium), [BMIm]+ (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) and [BMPL]+ (BMPL = 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium) have been synthesized. Their solid-state structures have been elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and their physicochemical properties (thermal behaviour and stability, dynamic viscosity and specific conductivity) have been assessed. In addition, the ion diffusion was studied by pulsed field gradient stimulated echo (PFGSTE) NMR spectroscopy. The decisive influence of the ring size of the cyclic sulfonimide anions on the physicochemical properties of the ILs has been revealed. All ILs show different properties compared to those of the non-cyclic TFSI anion. While these differences are especially distinct for ILs with the very rigid 6cPFSI anion, the 5-membered ring anion 5cPFSI was found to result in ILs with relatively similar properties. The difference between the properties of the TFSI anion and the cyclic sulfonimide anions has been rationalized by the rigidity (conformational lock) of the cyclic sulfonimide anions. The comparison of selected IL properties was augmented by MD simulations. These highlight the importance of π+-π+ interactions between pairs of [EMIm]+ cations in the liquid phase. The π+-π+ interactions are evident for the solid state from the molecular structures of the [EMIm]+-ILs with the three cyclic imide anions determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes K. J. Bejaoui
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Am Hubland97074 WürzburgGermany
| | - Frederik Philippi
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusLondon W12 0BZUK
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie (ACS), Centre for Molecular Materials (CM2)Universitätsstr. 25D-33615 BielefeldGermany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB) Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ludwig Zapf
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB) Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Nils Schopper
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB) Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kateryna Goloviznina
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauxF-75005 ParisFrance
| | - Kristina A. M. Maibom
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Am Hubland97074 WürzburgGermany
| | - Roland Graf
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB) Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jan A. P. Sprenger
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Am Hubland97074 WürzburgGermany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB) Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB) Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Tom Welton
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusLondon W12 0BZUK
| | - Nikolai V. Ignat'ev
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Am Hubland97074 WürzburgGermany,Consultant, Merck KGaA64293 DarmstadtGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB) Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Wettstein A, Diddens D, Heuer A. Controlling Li + transport in ionic liquid electrolytes through salt content and anion asymmetry: a mechanistic understanding gained from molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6072-6086. [PMID: 35212346 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04830a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the results from molecular dynamics simulations of lithium salt-ionic liquid electrolytes (ILEs) based either on the symmetric bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (TFSI-) anion or its asymmetric analogue 2,2,2-(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl-N-cyanoamide (TFSAM-). Relating lithium's coordination environment to anion mean residence times and diffusion constants confirms the remarkable transport behaviour of the TFSAM--based ILEs that has been observed in recent experiments: for increased salt doping, the lithium ions must compete for the more attractive cyano over oxygen coordination and a fragmented landscape of solvation geometries emerges, in which lithium appears to be less strongly bound. We present a novel, yet statistically straightforward methodology to quantify the extent to which lithium and its solvation shell are dynamically coupled. By means of a Lithium Coupling Factor (LCF) we demonstrate that the shell anions do not constitute a stable lithium vehicle, which suggests for this electrolyte material the commonly termed "vehicular" lithium transport mechanism could be more aptly pictured as a correlated, flow-like motion of lithium and its neighbourhood. Our analysis elucidates two separate causes why lithium and shell dynamics progressively decouple with higher salt content: on the one hand, an increased sharing of anions between lithium limits the achievable LCF of individual lithium-anion pairs. On the other hand, weaker binding configurations naturally entail a lower dynamic stability of the lithium-anion complex, which is particularly relevant for the TFSAM--containing ILEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Wettstein
- Institut für physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Diddo Diddens
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung, Ionics in Energy Storage, Helmholtz Institut Münster, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Heuer
- Institut für physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany. .,Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung, Ionics in Energy Storage, Helmholtz Institut Münster, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Burgenmeister B, Sonnenberg K, Riedel S, Krossing I. From Square-Planar [ICl4
]−
to Novel Chloroiodates(III)? A Systematic Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Their Ionic Liquids. Chemistry 2017; 23:11312-11322. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Burgenmeister
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Karsten Sonnenberg
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; FU Berlin; Fabeckstrasse 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; FU Berlin; Fabeckstrasse 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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Electrostatic Properties of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Obtained by Experimental Charge-Density Analysis of Two Selenium Adducts. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Keaveney ST, Harper JB, Croft AK. Computational approaches to understanding reaction outcomes of organic processes in ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14676j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The utility of using a combined experimental and computational approach for understanding ionic liquid media, and their effect on reaction outcome, is highlighted through a number of case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason B. Harper
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Anna K. Croft
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
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