1
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Rottschäfer D, Reith S, Schwarzmann J, Tambornino F, Lichtenberg C. Cyclic Hydrocarbon Frameworks Containing Two Bismuth Atoms: Towards 9,10-Dibismaanthracene. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303363. [PMID: 38116821 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
When bismuth atoms are incorporated into cyclic organic systems, this commonly goes along with strained or distorted molecular geometries, which can be exploited to modulate the physical and chemical properties of these compounds. In six-membered heterocycles, bismuth atoms are often accompanied by oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen as a second hetero-element. In this work, we present the first examples of six-membered rings, in which two CH units are replaced by BiX moieties (X=Cl, Br, I), resulting in dihydro-anthracene analogs. Their behavior in chemically reversible reduction reactions is explored, aiming at the generation of dibisma-anthracene (bismanthrene). Heterometallic compounds (Bi/Fe, Bi/Mn) are introduced as potential bismanthrene surrogates, as supported by bismanthrene-transfer to selenium. Analytical techniques used to investigate the reported compounds include NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Reith
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schwarzmann
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frank Tambornino
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
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2
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Ramler J, Schwarzmann J, Stoy A, Lichtenberg C. Two Faces of the Bi−O Bond: Photochemically
and
Thermally Induced Dehydrocoupling for Si−O Bond Formation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021; 2022:e202100934. [PMID: 35873275 PMCID: PMC9300068 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The diorgano(bismuth)alcoholate [Bi((C6H4CH2)2S)OPh] (1‐OPh) has been synthesized and fully characterized. Stoichiometric reactions, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and (TD‐)DFT calculations suggest its susceptibility to homolytic and heterolytic Bi−O bond cleavage under given reaction conditions. Using the dehydrocoupling of silanes with either TEMPO or phenol as model reactions, the catalytic competency of 1‐OPh has been investigated (TEMPO=(tetramethyl‐piperidin‐1‐yl)‐oxyl). Different reaction pathways can deliberately be addressed by applying photochemical or thermal reaction conditions and by choosing radical or closed‐shell substrates (TEMPO vs. phenol). Applied analytical techniques include NMR, UV/Vis, and EPR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, and (TD)‐DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Johannes Schwarzmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Stoy
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Philipps-Universität Marburg Fachbereich Chemie Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Philipps-Universität Marburg Fachbereich Chemie Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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3
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Ramler J, Fantuzzi F, Geist F, Hanft A, Braunschweig H, Engels B, Lichtenberg C. The Dimethylbismuth Cation: Entry Into Dative Bi-Bi Bonding and Unconventional Methyl Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24388-24394. [PMID: 34378855 PMCID: PMC8596701 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of simple, fundamentally important, and highly reactive organometallic compounds remains among the most challenging tasks in synthetic chemistry. The detailed characterization of such compounds is key to the discovery of novel bonding scenarios and reactivity. The dimethylbismuth cation, [BiMe2 (SbF6 )] (1), has been isolated and characterized. Its reaction with BiMe3 gives access to an unprecedented dative bond, a Bi→Bi donor-acceptor interaction. The exchange of methyl groups (arguably the simplest hydrocarbon moiety) between different metal atoms is among the most principal types of reactions in organometallic chemistry. The reaction of 1 with BiMe3 enables an SE 2(back)-type methyl exchange, which is, for the first time, investigated in detail for isolable, (pseudo-)homoleptic main-group compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Felix Geist
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Anna Hanft
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
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4
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Ramler J, Fantuzzi F, Geist F, Hanft A, Braunschweig H, Engels B, Lichtenberg C. Das Dimethylbismut‐Kation: Zugang zu dativen Bi‐Bi‐Bindungen und unkonventionellem Methylaustausch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Felix Geist
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Anna Hanft
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
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5
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Hanft A, Radacki K, Lichtenberg C. Cationic Bismuth Aminotroponiminates: Charge Controls Redox Properties. Chemistry 2021; 27:6230-6239. [PMID: 33326650 PMCID: PMC8048980 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of the redox‐active aminotroponiminate (ATI) ligand in the coordination sphere of bismuth has been investigated in neutral and cationic compounds, [Bi(ATI)3] and [Bi(ATI)2Ln][A] (L=neutral ligand; n=0, 1; A=counteranion). Their coordination chemistry in solution and in the solid state has been analyzed through (variable‐temperature) NMR spectroscopy, line‐shape analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses, and their Lewis acidity has been evaluated by using the Gutmann–Beckett method (and modifications thereof). Cyclic voltammetry, in combination with DFT calculations, indicates that switching between ligand‐ and metal‐centered redox events is possible by altering the charge of the compounds from 0 in neutral species to +1 in cationic compounds. This adds important facets to the rich redox chemistry of ATIs and to the redox chemistry of bismuth compounds, which is, so far, largely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hanft
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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6
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Oberdorf K, Hanft A, Ramler J, Krummenacher I, Bickelhaupt FM, Poater J, Lichtenberg C. Bismutamide als einfache Vermittler hochselektiver Pn−Pn‐Radikal‐Kupplungsreaktionen (Pn=N, P, As). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Oberdorf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Anna Hanft
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Jacqueline Ramler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, ACMM Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Niederlande
- Institut für Moleküle und Materialien Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen Niederlande
| | - Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB Universitat de Barcelona & ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spanien
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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7
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Oberdorf K, Hanft A, Ramler J, Krummenacher I, Bickelhaupt FM, Poater J, Lichtenberg C. Bismuth Amides Mediate Facile and Highly Selective Pn-Pn Radical-Coupling Reactions (Pn=N, P, As). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6441-6445. [PMID: 33315293 PMCID: PMC7986226 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The controlled release of well-defined radical species under mild conditions for subsequent use in selective reactions is an important and challenging task in synthetic chemistry. We show here that simple bismuth amide species [Bi(NAr2 )3 ] readily release aminyl radicals [NAr2 ]. at ambient temperature in solution. These reactions yield the corresponding hydrazines, Ar2 N-NAr2 , as a result of highly selective N-N coupling. The exploitation of facile homolytic Bi-Pn bond cleavage for Pn-Pn bond formation was extended to higher homologues of the pnictogens (Pn=N-As): homoleptic bismuth amides mediate the highly selective dehydrocoupling of HPnR2 to give R2 Pn-PnR2 . Analyses by NMR and EPR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and DFT calculations reveal low Bi-N homolytic bond-dissociation energies, suggest radical coupling in the coordination sphere of bismuth, and reveal electronic and steric parameters as effective tools to control these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Oberdorf
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Anna Hanft
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jacqueline Ramler
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, ACMMVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUBUniversitat de Barcelona & ICREAPg. Lluís Companys 2308010BarcelonaSpain
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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8
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Dunaj T, Dollberg K, Ritter C, Dankert F, Hänisch C. 2,6‐Diisopropylphenyl‐Substituted Bismuth Compounds: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Dunaj
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Kevin Dollberg
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Christian Ritter
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Fabian Dankert
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Carsten Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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9
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Chen X, Liu LL, Liu S, Grützmacher H, Li Z. A Room‐Temperature Stable Distonic Radical Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Shihua Liu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM) School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 30071 China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM) School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 30071 China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM) School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 30071 China
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10
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Chen X, Liu LL, Liu S, Grützmacher H, Li Z. A Room-Temperature Stable Distonic Radical Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23830-23835. [PMID: 32914528 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Distonic radical cations (DRCs) with spatially separated charge and radical sites have, so far, largely been observed by gas-phase mass spectrometry and/or matrix isolation spectroscopy work. Herein, we disclose the isolation of a crystalline dicarbondiphosphide-based β-distonic radical cation salt 3.+ (BARF) (BARF=[B(3,5-(CF3 )2 C6 H3 )4 )]- ) stable at room temperature and formed by a one-electron-oxidation-induced intramolecular skeletal rearrangement reaction. Such a species has been validated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, UV/Vis spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Compound 3.+ (BARF) exhibits a large majority of spin density at a two-coordinate phosphorus atom (0.74 a.u.) and a cationic charge located predominantly at the four-coordinate phosphorus atom (1.53 a.u.), which are separated by one carbon atom. This species represents an isolable entity of a phosphorus radical cation that is the closest to a genuine phosphorus DRC to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shihua Liu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 30071, China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 30071, China.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 30071, China
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11
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MacMillan JWM, Marczenko KM, Johnson ER, Chitnis SS. Hydrostibination of Alkynes: A Radical Mechanism*. Chemistry 2020; 26:17134-17142. [PMID: 32706129 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The addition of Sb-H bonds to alkynes was reported recently as a new hydroelementation reaction that exclusively yields anti-Markovnikov Z-olefins from terminal acetylenes. We examine four possible mechanisms that are consistent with the observed stereochemical and regiochemical outcomes. A comprehensive analysis of solvent, substituent, isotope, additive, and temperature effects on hydrostibination reaction rates definitively refutes three ionic mechanisms involving closed-shell charged intermediates. Instead the data support a fourth pathway featuring open-shell neutral intermediates. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations are consistent with this model, predicting an activation barrier that is in agreement with the experimental value (Eyring analysis) and a rate limiting step that is congruent with the experimental kinetic isotope effect. We therefore conclude that hydrostibination of arylacetylenes is initiated by the generation of stibinyl radicals, which then participate in a cycle featuring SbII and SbIII intermediates to yield the observed Z-olefins as products. This mechanistic understanding will enable rational evolution of hydrostibination as a synthetic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W M MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, B3H 4R2, Halifax, Canada
| | - Katherine M Marczenko
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, B3H 4R2, Halifax, Canada
| | - Erin R Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, B3H 4R2, Halifax, Canada
| | - Saurabh S Chitnis
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, B3H 4R2, Halifax, Canada
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12
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Helling C, Wölper C, Schulz S. Size Matters: Synthesis of Group 13 Metal‐Substituted Dipnictanes by E‐C Bond Homolysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Helling
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstraße 5‐7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstraße 5‐7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstraße 5‐7 45141 Essen Germany
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13
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Li G, Huang C, Xie Y, Robinson GH, Schaefer HF. Unusual Structures of the Parent Molecules Diarsene, Distibene, and Dibismuthene: Toward Their Observation. Chemistry 2020; 26:14159-14166. [PMID: 32468596 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest, from both experimental and theoretical perspectives, in molecules incorporating multiple bonds between main group elements. Herein, we not only consider the parent molecules HE=EH (E=As, Sb, Bi), but also a number of their isomers. For each E2 H2 molecule, a number of different structures were optimized with four different DFT methods. Final structures were determined with the coupled cluster method CCSD(T) using large basis sets, namely cc-pVQZ-PP, incorporating relativistic psuedopotentials. All feasible dissociation pathways are examined. For all three E2 H2 molecules the trans isomer lies lowest in energy, with the cis isomer higher by 2.7 (As), 2.1 (Sb), and 1.8 (Bi) kcal mol-1 , respectively. However, both cis and trans structures should be observable, as large barriers (27.7, 20.5, and 17.7 kcal mol-1 ) separate them. For both the cis and trans structures, in the infrared the strong E-H stretching frequencies should also be observable. Only the cis structures have dipole moments (0.62, 0.01, and 0.83 debye, respectively), and their observation by microwave spectroscopy would be stunning. Also considered were the higher energy vinylidene-like, pyramidal, monobridged, and linear structures. We conclude that molecules such as HSb=SbH-Fe(CO)4 , HBi=BiH-Fe(CO)4 , and related systems, should be feasible synthetic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chunxiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yaoming Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Gregory H Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
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14
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Helling C, Wölper C, Cutsail GE, Haberhauer G, Schulz S. A Mechanistic Study on Reactions of Group 13 Diyls LM with Cp*SbX 2 : From Stibanyl Radicals to Antimony Hydrides. Chemistry 2020; 26:13390-13399. [PMID: 32428370 PMCID: PMC7693246 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative addition of Cp*SbX2 (X=Cl, Br, I; Cp*=C5 Me5 ) to group 13 diyls LM (M=Al, Ga, In; L=HC[C(Me)N (Dip)]2 , Dip=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) yields elemental antimony (M=Al) or the corresponding stibanylgallanes [L(X)Ga]Sb(X)Cp* (X=Br 1, I 2) and -indanes [L(X)In]Sb(X)Cp* (X=Cl 5, Br 6, I 7). 1 and 2 react with a second equivalent of LGa to eliminate decamethyl-1,1'-dihydrofulvalene (Cp*2 ) and form stibanyl radicals [L(X)Ga]2 Sb. (X=Br 3, I 4), whereas analogous reactions of 5 and 6 with LIn selectively yield stibanes [L(X)In]2 SbH (X=Cl 8, Br 9) by elimination of 1,2,3,4-tetramethylfulvene. The reactions are proposed to proceed via formation of [L(X)M]2 SbCp* as reaction intermediate, which is supported by the isolation of [L(Cl)Ga]2 SbCp (11, Cp=C5 H5 ). The reaction mechanism was further studied by computational calculations using two different models. The energy values for the Ga- and the In-substituted model systems showing methyl groups instead of the very bulky Dip units are very similar, and in both cases the same products are expected. Homolytic Sb-C bond cleavage yields van der Waals complexes from the as-formed radicals ([L(Cl)M]2 Sb. and Cp*. ), which can be stabilized by hydrogen atom abstraction to give the corresponding hydrides, whereas the direct formation of Sb hydrides starting from [L(Cl)M]2 SbCp* via concerted β-H elimination is unlikely. The consideration of the bulky Dip units reveals that the amount of the steric overload in the intermediate I determines the product formation (radical vs. hydride).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Helling
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 5–745117EssenGermany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 5–745117EssenGermany
| | - George E. Cutsail
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (CEC)Stiftstrasse 34–36/45470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 5–745117EssenGermany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 5–745117EssenGermany
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15
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Helling C, Schulz S. Long‐Lived Radicals of the Heavier Group 15 Elements Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Helling
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstraße 5‐7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstraße 5‐7 45141 Essen Germany
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16
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Lichtenberg C. Main-Group Metal Complexes in Selective Bond Formations Through Radical Pathways. Chemistry 2020; 26:9674-9687. [PMID: 32048770 PMCID: PMC7496981 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed remarkable advances in radical reactions involving main-group metal complexes. This includes the isolation and detailed characterization of main-group metal radical compounds, but also the generation of highly reactive persistent or transient radical species. A rich arsenal of methods has been established that allows control over and exploitation of their unusual reactivity patterns. Thus, main-group metal compounds have entered the field of selective bond formations in controlled radical reactions. Transformations that used to be the domain of late transition-metal compounds have been realized, and unusual selectivities, high activities, as well as remarkable functional-group tolerances have been reported. Recent findings demonstrate the potential of main-group metal compounds to become standard tools of synthetic chemistry, catalysis, and materials science, when operating through radical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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17
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Helling C, Cutsail GE, Weinert H, Wölper C, Schulz S. Ligand Effects on the Electronic Structure of Heteroleptic Antimony‐Centered Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Helling
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide)University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - George E. Cutsail
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (CEC) Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Hanns Weinert
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide)University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide)University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide)University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
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18
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Helling C, Cutsail GE, Weinert H, Wölper C, Schulz S. Ligand Effects on the Electronic Structure of Heteroleptic Antimony-Centered Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7561-7568. [PMID: 32048388 PMCID: PMC7216903 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on the structures of three unprecedented heteroleptic Sb-centered radicals [L(Cl)Ga](R)Sb. (2-R, R=B[N(Dip)CH]2 2-B, 2,6-Mes2 C6 H3 2-C, N(SiMe3 )Dip 2-N) stabilized by one electropositive metal fragment [L(Cl)Ga] (L=HC[C(Me)N(Dip)]2 , Dip=2,6-i-Pr2 C6 H3 ) and one bulky B- (2-B), C- (2-C), or N-based (2-N) substituent. Compounds 2-R are predominantly metal-centered radicals. Their electronic properties are largely influenced by the electronic nature of the ligands R, and significant delocalization of unpaired-spin density onto the ligands was observed in 2-B and 2-N. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies showed that 2-B undergoes a quasi-reversible one-electron reduction, which was confirmed by the synthesis of [K([2.2.2]crypt)][L(Cl)GaSbB[N(Dip)CH]2 ] ([K([2.2.2]crypt)][2-B]) containing the stibanyl anion [2-B]- , which was shown to possess significant Sb-B multiple-bonding character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Helling
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - George E Cutsail
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (CEC), Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Hanns Weinert
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45117, Essen, Germany
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19
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Schwamm RJ, Coles MP. Distibanes and Distibenes from Reduction of Sb(NON R )Cl by using Mg I Reagents. Chemistry 2019; 25:14183-14191. [PMID: 31452283 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The bis(amidodimethyl)disiloxane antimony chlorides Sb(NONR )Cl (NONR =[O(SiMe2 NR)2 ]2- ; R=tBu, Ph, 2,6-Me2 C6 H3 =Dmp, 2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 =Dipp, 2,6-(CHPh2 )2 -4-tBuC6 H2 =tBu-Bhp) are reduced to SbII and SbI species by using MgI reagents, [Mg(BDIR' )]2 (BDI=[HC{C(Me)NR'}2 ]- ; R'=2,4,6-Me3 C6 H2 =Mes, Dipp). Stoichiometric reactions with Sb(NONR )Cl (R=tBu, Ph) form dimeric SbII stibanes [Sb(NONR )]2 , shown crystallographically to contain Sb-Sb single bonds. The analogous distibane with R=Dmp substituents has an exceptionally long Sb-Sb interaction and exhibits spectroscopic and reactivity properties consistent with radical character in solution. When R=Dipp, reductions with MgI reagents directly give distibenes [Sb(μ-NONDipp )Mg(BDIR' )(THF)n ]2 (R'=Mes, n=1; R'=Dipp, n=0). Crystallographic analysis shows a trans-substitution of the Sb=Sb double bond, with bridging NONDipp -ligands between the SbI and MgII centres. An attempt to access the NONPh -analogue using the same protocol afforded the polystibide cluster Sb8 [μ4 ,η2:2:2:2 -Mg(BDIMes )]4 , which co-crystallized with the ligand transfer product, [Mg(BDIMes )]2 (μ-NONPh ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Schwamm
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Martyn P Coles
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
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20
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Mondal MK, Zhang L, Feng Z, Tang S, Feng R, Zhao Y, Tan G, Ruan H, Wang X. Tricoordinate Nontrigonal Pnictogen‐Centered Radical Anions: Isolation, Characterization, and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manas Kumar Mondal
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Center of Materials Science and Engineering Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China
| | - Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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21
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Mondal MK, Zhang L, Feng Z, Tang S, Feng R, Zhao Y, Tan G, Ruan H, Wang X. Tricoordinate Nontrigonal Pnictogen‐Centered Radical Anions: Isolation, Characterization, and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15829-15833. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manas Kumar Mondal
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Center of Materials Science and Engineering Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China
| | - Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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22
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Kořenková M, Hejda M, Erben M, Jirásko R, Jambor R, Růžička A, Rychagova E, Ketkov S, Dostál L. Reversible C=C Bond Activation by an Intramolecularly Coordinated Antimony(I) Compound. Chemistry 2019; 25:12884-12888. [PMID: 31353625 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kořenková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry FCHTUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hejda
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry FCHTUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Milan Erben
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry FCHTUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Robert Jirásko
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry FCHTUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry FCHTUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Elena Rychagova
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS 49 Tropinin St. 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Ketkov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS 49 Tropinin St. 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry FCHTUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
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23
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Dzialkowski K, Gehlhaar A, Wölper C, Auer AA, Schulz S. Structure and Reactivity of 1,8-Bis(naphthalenediyl)dipnictanes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzialkowski
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Gehlhaar
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander A. Auer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
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24
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Ramler J, Krummenacher I, Lichtenberg C. Bismutverbindungen in der Radikalkatalyse: Übergangsmetallbismutane ermöglichen thermisch induzierte Cycloisomerisierungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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25
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Ramler J, Krummenacher I, Lichtenberg C. Bismuth Compounds in Radical Catalysis: Transition Metal Bismuthanes Facilitate Thermally Induced Cycloisomerizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12924-12929. [PMID: 31166083 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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26
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Ganesamoorthy C, Heimann S, Hölscher S, Haack R, Wölper C, Jansen G, Schulz S. Synthesis, structure and dispersion interactions in bis(1,8-naphthalendiyl)distibine. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:9227-9234. [PMID: 28678236 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02165h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Naph2Sb21 was synthesized by a reaction of 1,8-dilithionaphthalene NaphLi2 with SbCl3 and its solid state structure is reported on. 1 shows intermolecular interactions in the solid state, which were studied by quantum chemical calculations with dispersion corrected density functional theory, supermolecular ab initio approaches and symmetry adapted perturbation theory. The same methods were employed to compare the solid state interactions in the crystal of 1 to those in real (for E = P) and hypothetical (for E = As and Bi) crystal structures of Naph2E2. Dispersion interactions were found to provide the most important stabilising contribution in all cases, seconded by electrostatic attraction between pnictogen atoms and π-systems of neighbouring naphthyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ganesamoorthy
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30, 45117 Essen, Germany.
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27
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Heurich T, Qu ZW, Schnakenburg G, NejatyJahromy Y, Schiemann O, Grimme S, Streubel R. Chemistry of Thermally Generated Transient Phosphanoxyl Complexes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heurich
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yaser NejatyJahromy
- Institut
für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Olav Schiemann
- Institut
für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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28
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Melaimi M, Jazzar R, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Cyclische Alkylaminocarbene (CAACs): Neues von guten Bekannten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Michèle Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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29
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Melaimi M, Jazzar R, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs): Recent Developments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10046-10068. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 507] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Michèle Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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30
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Vránová I, Alonso M, Jambor R, Růžička A, Turek J, Dostál L. Different Products of the Reduction of (N),C,N-Chelated Antimony(III) Compounds: Competitive Formation of Monomeric Stibinidenes versus 1H-2,1-Benzazastiboles. Chemistry 2017; 23:2340-2349. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Vránová
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC); Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Turek
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC); Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
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31
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Li T, Wei H, Fang Y, Wang L, Chen S, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Tan G, Wang X. Elusive Antimony-Centered Radical Cations: Isolation, Characterization, Crystal Structures, and Reactivity Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Houjia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zaichao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huaiyin Normal University; Huai'an 223300 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
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32
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Li T, Wei H, Fang Y, Wang L, Chen S, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Tan G, Wang X. Elusive Antimony-Centered Radical Cations: Isolation, Characterization, Crystal Structures, and Reactivity Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:632-636. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Houjia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zaichao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huaiyin Normal University; Huai'an 223300 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
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33
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Heurich T, Qu ZW, Nožinović S, Schnakenburg G, Matsuoka H, Grimme S, Schiemann O, Streubel R. Synthesis and Rearrangement of P-Nitroxyl-Substituted P(III) and P(V) Phosphanes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Case Study. Chemistry 2016; 22:10102-10. [PMID: 27283725 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Low-temperature generation of P-nitroxyl phosphane 2 (Ph2 POTEMP), which was obtained by the reaction of Ph2 PH (1) with two equivalents of TEMPO, is presented. Upon warming, phosphane 2 decomposed to give P-nitroxyl phosphane P-oxide 3 (Ph2 P(O)OTEMP) as one of the final products. This facile synthetic protocol also enabled access to P-sulfide and P-borane derivatives 7 and 13, respectively, by using Ph2 P(S)H (6) or Ph2 P(BH3 )H (11) and TEMPO. Phosphane sulfide 7 revealed a rearrangement to phosphane oxide 8 (Ph2 P(O)STEMP) in CDCl3 at ambient temperature, whereas in THF, thermal decomposition of sulfide 7 yielded salt 10 ([TEMP-H2 ][Ph2 P(S)O]). As well as EPR and detailed NMR kinetic studies, indepth theoretical studies provided an insight into the reaction pathways and spin-density distributions of the reactive intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heurich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Senada Nožinović
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hideto Matsuoka
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Olav Schiemann
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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34
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Vránová I, Alonso M, Jambor R, Růžička A, Erben M, Dostál L. Stibinidene and Bismuthinidene as Two‐Electron Donors for Transition Metals (Co and Mn). Chemistry 2016; 22:7376-80. [PMID: 26994732 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Vránová
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC) Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Milan Erben
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
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35
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Lichtenberg C. Well-Defined, Mononuclear BiI
and BiII
Compounds: Towards Transition-Metal-Like Behavior. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:484-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Lichtenberg C. Definierte, einkernige BiI
- und BiII
-Verbindungen: auf dem Weg zu Übergangsmetall-ähnlichem Verhalten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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Vránová I, Alonso M, Lo R, Sedlák R, Jambor R, Růžička A, De Proft F, Hobza P, Dostál L. From Dibismuthenes to Three- and Two-Coordinated Bismuthinidenes by Fine Ligand Tuning: Evidence for Aromatic BiC3N Rings through a Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2015; 21:16917-28. [PMID: 26434943 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Vránová
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10 (Czech Republic)
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels (Belgium).
| | - Rabindranath Lo
- Department of Molecular Modelling, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ASCR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6 (Czech Republic)
| | - Robert Sedlák
- Department of Molecular Modelling, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ASCR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6 (Czech Republic)
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10 (Czech Republic)
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10 (Czech Republic)
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels (Belgium)
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Department of Molecular Modelling, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ASCR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6 (Czech Republic)
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10 (Czech Republic).
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38
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Schwamm RJ, Harmer JR, Lein M, Fitchett CM, Granville S, Coles MP. Isolation and Characterization of a Bismuth(II) Radical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Schwamm RJ, Harmer JR, Lein M, Fitchett CM, Granville S, Coles MP. Isolation and Characterization of a Bismuth(II) Radical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Brückner A, Hinz A, Priebe JB, Schulz A, Villinger A. Cyclic Group 15 Radical Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7426-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Brückner A, Hinz A, Priebe JB, Schulz A, Villinger A. Cyclische Gruppe-15-Radikalkationen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Zitz R, Gatterer K, Reinhold CW, Müller T, Baumgartner J, Marschner C. Oligosilanylated Antimony Compounds. Organometallics 2015; 34:1419-1430. [PMID: 25937691 PMCID: PMC4413694 DOI: 10.1021/om501075v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
By reactions of magnesium oligosilanides with SbCl3, a number of oligosilanylated antimony compounds were obtained. When oligosilanyl dianions were used, either the expected cyclic disilylated halostibine was obtained or alternatively the formation of a distibine was observed. Deliberate formation of the distibine from the disilylated halostibine was achieved by reductive coupling with C8K. Computational studies of Sb-Sb bond energies, barriers of pyramidal inversion at Sb, and the conformational behavior of distibines provided insight for the understanding of the spectroscopic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Zitz
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie and Institut für Physikalische und
Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität
Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Gatterer
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie and Institut für Physikalische und
Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität
Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Crispin
R. W. Reinhold
- Institut
für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky
Str. 9-11, 26211 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut
für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky
Str. 9-11, 26211 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institut
für Chemie, Karl Franzens Universität
Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie and Institut für Physikalische und
Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität
Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
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