1
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Dashti A, Ahmadi M. Recent Advances in Controlled Production of Long-Chain Branched Polyolefins. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300746. [PMID: 38488683 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyolefins, composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, dominate global polymer production. This stems from the wide range of physical and mechanical properties that various polyolefins can cover. Their versatile properties are largely tuned by chain microstructure, including molar mass distribution, comonomer content, and long-chain branching (LCB). Specifically, LCB imparts unique characteristics, notably enhances processability crucial for downstream applications. Tailoring LCB structural features has encouraged academic and industrial efforts, chronicle in this review from a chemistry standpoint. While encompassing post-reaction modification based traditional methods like peroxide grafting, ionizing beam irradiation, and coupling reactions, the main focus is given to catalyst-centric strategies and innovative polymerization schemes. The advent of single-site catalysts-metallocenes and late transition metals catalysts-amplifies interest in tailored chemical methods, but the progress in LCB formation flourishes via tandem catalytic systems and bimetallic catalysts under controlled reaction conditions. Specifically, the breakthrough in coordinative chain transfer polymerization unveils a novel avenue for controlled LCB synthesis by sequential chain propagation, transfer, liberation, and enchainment. This short review highlights recent approaches for the production of LCB polyolefins that can provide a roadmap crucial for researchers in academia and industry, steering their efforts toward further advancements in the production of tailored polyolefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Dashti
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Capacchione C, Grisi F, Lamberti M, Mazzeo M, Milani B, Milione S, Pappalardo D, Zuccaccia C, Pellecchia C. Metal Catalyzed Polymerization: From Stereoregular Poly(α‐olefins) to Tailor‐Made Biodegradable/Biorenewable Polymers and Copolymers. Eur J Inorg Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Capacchione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Fabia Grisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Marina Lamberti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Mina Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Barbara Milani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università di Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Stefano Milione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Daniela Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Università del Sannio Via de Sanctis snc 82100 Benevento Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie Università di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06132 Perugia Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Claudio Pellecchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli” Università di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
- Consorzio per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
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3
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Wu R, Stieglitz L, Lehner S, Jovic M, Rentsch D, Neels A, Gaan S, Rieger B, Heuberger M. Fluorine and Hydroxyl Containing Unsymmetrical a-Diimine Ni (II) Dichlorides with Improved Catalytic Performance for Ethylene Polymerization. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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4
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Liao YD, Cai Q, Dai SY. Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Polyethylene and E-MA Copolymers Using Iminopyridine Ni(II) and Pd(II) Complexes Containing a Flexible Backbone and Rigid Axial Substituents. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Xiong S, Hong A, Bailey BC, Spinney HA, Senecal TD, Bailey H, Agapie T. Highly Active and Thermally Robust Nickel Enolate Catalysts for the Synthesis of Ethylene-Acrylate Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206637. [PMID: 35723944 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The insertion copolymerization of polar olefins and ethylene remains a significant challenge in part due to catalysts' low activity and poor thermal stability. Herein we demonstrate a strategy toward addressing these obstacles through ligand design. Neutral nickel phosphine enolate catalysts with large phosphine substituents reaching the axial positions of Ni achieve activity of up to 7.7×103 kg mol-1 h-1 (efficiency >35×103 g copolymer/g Ni) at 110 °C, notable for ethylene/acrylate copolymerization. NMR analysis of resulting copolymers reveals highly linear microstructures with main-chain ester functionality. Structure-performance studies indicate a strong correlation between axial steric hindrance and catalyst performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoyan Xiong
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Alexandria Hong
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brad C Bailey
- Chemical Science, Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48667, USA
| | - Heather A Spinney
- Chemical Science, Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48667, USA
| | - Todd D Senecal
- Chemical Science, Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48667, USA
| | - Hannah Bailey
- Chemical Science, Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48667, USA
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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6
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Hu X, Kang X, Jian Z. Suppression of Chain Transfer at High Temperature in Catalytic Olefin Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207363. [PMID: 35695787 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Living polymerization by suppressing chain transfer is a very useful method for achieving precise molecular weight and structure control. However, the suppression of chain transfer at high temperatures is extremely challenging in any catalytic polymerization. This has been a severe limitation for catalytic olefin polymerization, which is one of the most important chemical reactions. Here, we report the unprecedented living polymerization of ethylene at 130 °C, with a narrow molecular weight distribution range of 1.04 to 1.08. This is a significant increase in the reaction temperature. Tailor-made α-diimine nickel catalysts that exhibit both the steric shielding and fluorine effects play an essential role in this breakthrough. These nickel catalysts are even active at 200 °C, and enable the formation of semi-crystalline, ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene at 150 °C. Mechanistic insights into the key chain transfer reaction are elucidated by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiaohui Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zhongbao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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7
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Hu X, Kang X, Jian Z. Suppression of Chain Transfer at High Temperature in Catalytic Olefin Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Xiaohui Kang
- College of Pharmacy Dalian Medical University Dalian 116044 China
| | - Zhongbao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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8
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Xiong S, Hong A, Bailey BC, Spinney HA, Senecal TD, Bailey H, Agapie T. Highly Active and Thermally Robust Nickel Enolate Catalysts for the Synthesis of Ethylene‐Acrylate Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuoyan Xiong
- California Institute of Technology Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Alexandria Hong
- California Institute of Technology Chemistry and Chemical Engineering UNITED STATES
| | | | | | | | | | - Theodor Agapie
- California Institute of Technology Chemistry 1200 California BlvdMC 127-72 91106 Pasadena UNITED STATES
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9
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Gao J, Dorn RW, Laurent GP, Perras FA, Rossini AJ, Conley MP. A Heterogeneous Palladium Catalyst for the Polymerization of Olefins Prepared by Halide Abstraction Using Surface R
3
Si
+
Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117279. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Gao
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Rick W. Dorn
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- U.S. Department of Energy Ames Laboratory Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Guillaume P. Laurent
- U.S. Department of Energy Ames Laboratory Ames IA 50011 USA
- CNRS Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris Sorbonne Université, LCMCP 75005 Paris France
| | | | - Aaron J. Rossini
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- U.S. Department of Energy Ames Laboratory Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Matthew P. Conley
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
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10
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Ge Y, Cai Q, Wang Y, Gao J, Chi Y, Dai S. Synthesis of High-Molecular-Weight Branched Polyethylene Using a Hybrid "Sandwich" Pyridine-Imine Ni(II) Catalyst. Front Chem 2022; 10:886888. [PMID: 35601545 PMCID: PMC9114440 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.886888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most pyridine-imine Ni(II) and Pd(II) catalysts tend to yield low-molecular-weight polyethylene and ethylene-based copolymers in olefin insertion polymerization, as the unilateral axial steric structure of such complexes often cannot provide effective shielding of the metal center. In this study, we synthesized a series of hybrid "semi-sandwich" and "sandwich" type pyridine-imine Ni(II) complexes by incorporating diarylmethyl or dibenzosuberyl groups onto 8-aryl-naphthyl motif. The as-prepared Ni(II) complexes afforded highly branched polyethylene with high molecular weights (level of 105 g/mol), and moderate activities (level of 105 g/(molh)) in ethylene polymerization. Most interestingly, compared to "semi-sandwich" Ni(II) complexes bearing (2-diarylmethyl-8-aryl)naphthyl units, the "full-sandwich" counterpart containing (2-dibenzosuberyl-8-aryl)naphthyl motif was able to produce higher-molecular-weight polyethylene with higher branching density. In addition, the effect of remote non-conjugated electronic substituents in diarylmethyl groups of the Ni(II) system was also observed in ethylene polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Ge
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Cai
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yuyin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yue Chi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Shengyu Dai
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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11
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Qin Y, Wang F, Wang X, Zhang C, Liu H, Wu G, Zhang X. Thermally robust α-diimine nickel complexes for 1,3-Butadiene polymerization enhanced by intra-ligand H…F interaction. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Gao J, Dorn RW, Laurent GP, Perras FA, Rossini AJ, Conley MP. A Heterogeneous Palladium Catalyst for the Polymerization of Olefins Prepared by Halide Abstraction Using Surface R
3
Si
+
Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Gao
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Rick W. Dorn
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- U.S. Department of Energy Ames Laboratory Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Guillaume P. Laurent
- U.S. Department of Energy Ames Laboratory Ames IA 50011 USA
- CNRS Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris Sorbonne Université, LCMCP 75005 Paris France
| | | | - Aaron J. Rossini
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
- U.S. Department of Energy Ames Laboratory Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Matthew P. Conley
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
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13
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Wang XL, Zhang YP, Pan L, Wang F, Luo SY, Li Y. Reactivity of Phosphino‐naphtholate Nickel Complexes and Their Catalysis of Copolymerization with Polar Monomers. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-ling Wang
- Tianjin University Polymer Materials 300350 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Yan-Ping Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Polymer Materials 200032 Shanghai CHINA
| | - Li Pan
- Tianjin University Polymer Materials 300350 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Fei Wang
- Tianjin University Polymer Materials 300350 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Shui-yuan Luo
- Quanzhou Normal University College of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science 362000 Quanzhou CHINA
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Tianjin University Polymer Materials Beiyang Campus 300350 Tianjin CHINA
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14
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Li D, Ma F, Guo L, Huang J, Zhang Y, Li F, Li C. Polynuclear (α‐diimine) nickel(II) complex as catalyst for ethylene oligomerization. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northeast Petroleum University Daqing China
| | - Fengmin Ma
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northeast Petroleum University Daqing China
| | - Lijun Guo
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northeast Petroleum University Daqing China
| | - Jin Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northeast Petroleum University Daqing China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Oilfield Applied Chemistry and Technology Daqing Normal University Daqing China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northeast Petroleum University Daqing China
| | - Feng Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northeast Petroleum University Daqing China
| | - Cuiqin Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northeast Petroleum University Daqing China
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15
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Liu Y, Harth E. Distorted Sandwich α‐Diimine Pd
II
Catalyst: Linear Polyethylene and Synthesis of Ethylene/Acrylate Elastomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Sheng Liu
- Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd Houston TX 77204 USA
| | - Eva Harth
- Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd Houston TX 77204 USA
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16
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Ge Y, Li S, Wang H, Dai S. Synthesis of Branched Polyethylene and Ethylene-MA Copolymers Using Unsymmetrical Iminopyridyl Nickel and Palladium Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You Ge
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Shuaikang Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China
| | - Shengyu Dai
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China
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17
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Harth E, Liu YS. Distorted Sandwich a-Diimine Pd(II) Catalyst: Linear Polyethylene and Synthesis of Ethylene/Acrylate Elastomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24107-24115. [PMID: 34403566 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of m-xylyl substituents to α-diimine Pd(II) catalyst promotes living ethylene polymerization at room temperature and low pressure to yield high molecular weight polyethylene (PE) with low branching (<17/1000C). m-Xylyl groups provide a highly effective blockage to the axial sites of the catalytic center and form a distorted sandwich geometry. The shielding prevents chain-transfer and easy accessibility of polar monomers, leading to a living polymerization. Conducting a light irradiation as part of the one-step metal-organic insertion light initiated radical (MILRad) process leads to diblock copolymers of ethylene and acrylates. Incorporation of different acrylate block sequences can significantly modify the mechanical and chemical properties of block copolymers which can be modulated to be a hard plastic, elastomer, or semi-amorphous polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Harth
- University of Houston, Chemistry, 406 STL Building, United States, 77004, Houston, UNITED STATES
| | - Yu-Sheng Liu
- University of Houston System, Chemistry, UNITED STATES
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18
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Abedini A, Jamjah R, Arabi H. Parallel reactions in polymerization of ethylene/methyl methacrylate by late-transition-metal catalysts (α-diimine nickel). IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-021-00936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Ge Y, Li S, Fan W, Dai S. Flexible "Sandwich" (8-Alkylnaphthyl α-Diimine) Catalysts in Insertion Polymerization. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5673-5681. [PMID: 33783209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
8-Arylnaphthyl substituents are privileged motifs frequently integrated into late-transition-metal catalysts, endowing them with an ability to retard chain transfer in ethylene polymerization. In this contribution, we disclose a sort of novel α-diiminenickel and -palladium complexes containing flexible 8-alkylnaphthyl in lieu of rigid 8-arylnaphthyl and their catalytic performance in ethylene polymerization. An interesting feature of these 8-alkylnaphthyl-substituted α-(diimine)PdMeCl complexes is that they present as a mixture of syn and anti isomers (syn:anti = ca. 1:1 ratio, determined by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy). In ethylene polymerization, these nickel complexes displayed high activity (up to 3.37 × 106 g mol-1 h-1) and generated branched polyethylenes with broad or bimodal molecular weight distributions (4.6-29.3), while the corresponding palladium complexes exhibited moderate activity, producing highly branched polyethylenes with unimodal and narrow molecular weight distributions (<1.8). In ethylene (E)/methyl acrylate (MA) copolymerization, highly branched E-MA copolymers with considerable MA incorporations were achieved by these palladium complexes. Most interestingly, compared to rigid 8-arylnaphthyl-substituted α-diiminenickel and -palladium complexes, the flexible 8-alkylnaphthyl ones showed significantly improved activity and generated lower or comparable molecular weight polyethylenes or E-MA copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Ge
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Shuaikang Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Weigang Fan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Shengyu Dai
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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20
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Jones GR, Basbug Alhan HE, Karas LJ, Wu JI, Harth E. Switching the Reactivity of Palladium Diimines with “Ancillary” Ligand to Select between Olefin Polymerization, Branching Regulation, or Olefin Isomerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen R. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Hatice E. Basbug Alhan
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Lucas J. Karas
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Judy I. Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
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21
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Jones GR, Basbug Alhan HE, Karas LJ, Wu JI, Harth E. Switching the Reactivity of Palladium Diimines with “Ancillary” Ligand to Select between Olefin Polymerization, Branching Regulation, or Olefin Isomerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1635-1640. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen R. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Hatice E. Basbug Alhan
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Lucas J. Karas
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Judy I. Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
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22
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Mecking S, Jian Z. Ultrahigh Branching of Main-Chain-Functionalized Polyethylenes by Inverted Insertion Selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14296-14302. [PMID: 32441874 PMCID: PMC7496749 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Branched polyolefin microstructures resulting from so-called "chain walking" are a fascinating feature of late transition metal catalysts; however, to date it has not been demonstrated how desirable branched polyolefin microstructures can be generated thereby. We demonstrate how highly branched polyethylenes with methyl branches (220 Me/1000 C) exclusively and very high molecular weights (ca. 106 g mol-1 ), reaching the branch density and microstructure of commercial ethylene-propylene elastomers, can be generated from ethylene alone. At the same time, polar groups on the main chain can be generated by in-chain incorporation of methyl acrylate. Key to this strategy is a novel rigid environment in an α-diimine PdII catalyst with a steric constraint that allows for excessive chain walking and branching, but restricts branch formation to methyl branches, hinders chain transfer to afford a living polymerization, and inverts the regioselectivity of acrylate insertion to a 1,2-mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesRenmin Street 5625Changchun130022China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesRenmin Street 5625Changchun130022China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chair of Chemical Materials ScienceDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Konstanz78457KonstanzGermany
| | - Zhongbao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesRenmin Street 5625Changchun130022China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
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23
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Mecking S, Jian Z. Ultrahigh Branching of Main‐Chain‐Functionalized Polyethylenes by Inverted Insertion Selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science Department of Chemistry University of Konstanz 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Zhongbao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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24
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Dai S, Chen C. A Self-Supporting Strategy for Gas-Phase and Slurry-Phase Ethylene Polymerization using Late-Transition-Metal Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14884-14890. [PMID: 32419295 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The polyolefin industry is dominated by gas-phase and slurry-phase polymerization using heterogeneous catalysts. In contrast, academic research is focused on homogeneous systems, especially for late-transition-metal catalysts. The heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts is a general strategy to provide catalyst solutions for existing industrial polyolefin synthesis. Herein, we report an alternative, potentially general strategy for using homogeneous late-transition-metal catalysts in gas-phase and slurry-phase polymerization. In this self-supporting strategy, catalysts with moderate chain-walking capabilities produced porous polymer supports during gas-phase ethylene polymerization. Chain walking, in which the metal center can move up and down the polymer chain during polymerization, ensures that the metal center can travel along the polymer chain to find suitable sites for ethylene enchainment. This strategy enables simple heterogenization of catalysts on solid supports for slurry-phase polymerization. Most importantly, various branched ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylenes can be prepared under various polymerization conditions with proper catalyst selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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25
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Dai S, Chen C. A Self‐Supporting Strategy for Gas‐Phase and Slurry‐Phase Ethylene Polymerization using Late‐Transition‐Metal Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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26
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Hu X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Jian Z. Unsymmetrical Strategy Makes Significant Differences in α‐Diimine Nickel and Palladium Catalyzed Ethylene (Co)Polymerizations. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P.R. China
| | - Yuxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P.R. China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Zhongbao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P.R. China
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27
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Keyes A, Basbug Alhan HE, Ordonez E, Ha U, Beezer DB, Dau H, Liu Y, Tsogtgerel E, Jones GR, Harth E. Olefins and Vinyl Polar Monomers: Bridging the Gap for Next Generation Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12370-12391. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Keyes
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Hatice E. Basbug Alhan
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Estela Ordonez
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Uyen Ha
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Dain B. Beezer
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Huong Dau
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Yu‐Sheng Liu
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Enkhjargal Tsogtgerel
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Glen R. Jones
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
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28
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Zou C, Tan C, Pang W, Chen C. Amidine/Phosphine‐Oxide‐Based Nickel Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization and Copolymerization. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Chen Tan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Wenmin Pang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Changle Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
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29
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Keyes A, Basbug Alhan HE, Ordonez E, Ha U, Beezer DB, Dau H, Liu Y, Tsogtgerel E, Jones GR, Harth E. Olefine und polare Vinylmonomere: Überbrückung der Lücke für Materialien der nächsten Generation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Keyes
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Hatice E. Basbug Alhan
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Estela Ordonez
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Uyen Ha
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Dain B. Beezer
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Huong Dau
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Yu‐Sheng Liu
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Enkhjargal Tsogtgerel
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Glen R. Jones
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
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30
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Tan C, Chen C. Emerging Palladium and Nickel Catalysts for Copolymerization of Olefins with Polar Monomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Changle Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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31
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Tan C, Chen C. Emerging Palladium and Nickel Catalysts for Copolymerization of Olefins with Polar Monomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7192-7200. [PMID: 30719812 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed copolymerization of olefins with polar monomers represents a challenge because of the large variety of substrate-induced side reactions. However, this approach also holds the potential for the direct synthesis of polar functionalized polyolefins with unique properties. After decades of research, only a few catalyst systems have been found to be suitable for this reaction. Some major advances in catalyst development have been made in the past five years. This Minireview summarizes some of the recent progress in the extensively studied Brookhart and Drent catalyst systems, as well as emerging alternative palladium and nickel catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Changle Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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32
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Liu B, Qiao K, Fang J, Wang T, Wang Z, Liu D, Xie Z, Maron L, Cui D. Mechanism and Effect of Polar Styrenes on Scandium-Catalyzed Copolymerization with Ethylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14896-14901. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 5625, Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
| | - Kening Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Jian Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 5625, Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Branch; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Zichuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 5625, Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Branch; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Dongtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 5625, Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 5625, Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO; University of Toulouse, INSA Toulouse; 135, avenue de Rangueil Toulouse cedex 31077 France
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 5625, Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
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33
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Liu B, Qiao K, Fang J, Wang T, Wang Z, Liu D, Xie Z, Maron L, Cui D. Mechanism and Effect of Polar Styrenes on Scandium-Catalyzed Copolymerization with Ethylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 5625, Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
| | - Kening Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Jian Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 5625, Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Branch; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Zichuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 5625, Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Branch; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Dongtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 5625, Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 5625, Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO; University of Toulouse, INSA Toulouse; 135, avenue de Rangueil Toulouse cedex 31077 France
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 5625, Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
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34
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Dai S, Chen C. Direct Synthesis of Functionalized High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene by Copolymerization of Ethylene with Polar Monomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 55:13281-13285. [PMID: 27633148 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of even a small amount of polar functional groups into polyolefins could excise great control over important material properties. As the most direct and economic strategy, the transition-metal-catalyzed copolymerization of olefins with polar, functionalized monomers represents one of the biggest challenges in this field. The presence of polar monomers usually dramatically reduces the catalytic activity and copolymer molecular weight (to the level of thousands or even hundreds Da), rendering the copolymerization process and the copolymer materials far from ideal for industrial applications. In this contribution, we demonstrate that these obstacles can be addressed through rational catalyst design. Copolymers with highly linear microstructures, high melting temperatures, and very high molecular weights (close to or above 1 000 000 Da) were generated. The direct synthesis of polar functionalized high-molecular-weight polyethylene was thus achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Changle Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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35
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Wang J, Wang L, Yu H, Ullah RS, Haroon M, Zain‐ul‐Abdin, Xia X, Khan RU. Recent Progress in Ethylene Polymerization Catalyzed by Ni and Pd Catalysts. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou China
| | - Haojie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou China
| | - Raja Summe Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou China
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou China
| | - Zain‐ul‐Abdin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou China
| | - Xia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou China
| | - Rizwan Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou China
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36
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Chen M, Chen C. A Versatile Ligand Platform for Palladium- and Nickel-Catalyzed Ethylene Copolymerization with Polar Monomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3094-3098. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
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37
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Chen M, Chen C. A Versatile Ligand Platform for Palladium- and Nickel-Catalyzed Ethylene Copolymerization with Polar Monomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
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38
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Ligand steric effects on naphthyl-α-diimine nickel catalyzed α-olefin polymerization. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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39
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Zhang D, Chen C. Influence of Polyethylene Glycol Unit on Palladium- and Nickel-Catalyzed Ethylene Polymerization and Copolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
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40
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Zhang D, Chen C. Influence of Polyethylene Glycol Unit on Palladium- and Nickel-Catalyzed Ethylene Polymerization and Copolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14672-14676. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
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41
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Li M, Wang X, Luo Y, Chen C. A Second-Coordination-Sphere Strategy to Modulate Nickel- and Palladium-Catalyzed Olefin Polymerization and Copolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Xingbao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
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42
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Li M, Wang X, Luo Y, Chen C. A Second-Coordination-Sphere Strategy to Modulate Nickel- and Palladium-Catalyzed Olefin Polymerization and Copolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11604-11609. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Xingbao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
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43
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Rosar V, Montini T, Balducci G, Zangrando E, Fornasiero P, Milani B. Palladium-Catalyzed Ethylene/Methyl Acrylate Co-Oligomerization: The Effect of a New Nonsymmetrical α-Diimine with the 1,4-Diazabutadiene Skeleton. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Rosar
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste; Via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Reattività Chimica e la Catalisi CIRCC; Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Tiziano Montini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste; Via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
- ICCOM-CNR and INSTM Trieste; Via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Gabriele Balducci
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste; Via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste; Via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste; Via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
- ICCOM-CNR and INSTM Trieste; Via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Barbara Milani
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste; Via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
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44
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Yang B, Pang W, Chen M. Redox Control in Olefin Polymerization Catalysis by Phosphine–Sulfonate Palladium and Nickel Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bangpei Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 230026 Hefei China
| | - Wenmin Pang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 230026 Hefei China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 230026 Hefei China
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45
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Na Y, Wang X, Lian K, Zhu Y, Li W, Luo Y, Chen C. Dinuclear α-Diimine NiIIand PdIIComplexes that Catalyze Ethylene Polymerization and Copolymerization. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinna Na
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative, Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Xingbao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Kunbo Lian
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering; Changzhou University; Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Yun Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative, Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Weimin Li
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering; Changzhou University; Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative, Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
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46
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Stereoselective Copolymerization of Unprotected Polar and Nonpolar Styrenes by an Yttrium Precursor: Control of Polar-Group Distribution and Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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47
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Liu D, Wang M, Wang Z, Wu C, Pan Y, Cui D. Stereoselective Copolymerization of Unprotected Polar and Nonpolar Styrenes by an Yttrium Precursor: Control of Polar-Group Distribution and Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2714-2719. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Zichuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Chunji Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Yupeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
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48
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Bézier D, Daugulis O, Brookhart M. Oligomerization of Ethylene Using a Diphosphine Palladium Catalyst. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Bézier
- Center for Polymer Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Olafs Daugulis
- Center for Polymer Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Maurice Brookhart
- Center for Polymer Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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49
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Dai S, Chen C. Direct Synthesis of Functionalized High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene by Copolymerization of Ethylene with Polar Monomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Changle Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
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50
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Liao H, Zhong L, Xiao Z, Zheng T, Gao H, Wu Q. α-Diamine Nickel Catalysts with Nonplanar Chelate Rings for Ethylene Polymerization. Chemistry 2016; 22:14048-14055. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Laboratory; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, GD HPPC Laboratory; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Liu Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, GD HPPC Laboratory; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zefan Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, GD HPPC Laboratory; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Ting Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, GD HPPC Laboratory; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Haiyang Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Laboratory; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Laboratory; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
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