1
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Wilmore JT, Cheong Tse Y, Docker A, Whitehead C, Williams CK, Beer PD. Dynamic Metalloporphyrin-Based [2]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttles Stimulated by Neutral Lewis Base and Anion Coordination. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300608. [PMID: 36929530 PMCID: PMC10947143 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of dynamic metalloporphyrin [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles comprising of bis-functionalised Zn(II) porphyrin axle and pyridyl functionalised macrocycle components are prepared in high yield via active metal template synthetic methodology. Extensive variable temperature 1 H NMR and quantitative UV-Vis spectroscopic titration studies demonstrate dynamic macrocycle translocation is governed by an inter-component co-ordination interaction between the macrocycle pyridyl and axle Zn(II) metalloporphyrin, which serves to bias a 'resting state' co-conformation. The dynamic shuttling behaviour of the interlocked structures is dramatically inhibited by the addition of a neutral Lewis base such as pyridine, but can also be tuned via post-synthetic rotaxane demetallation of the porphyrin axle core to give free-base, or upon subsequent metallation, Ni(II) [2]rotaxane analogues. Importantly, the Lewis acidic Zn(II) porphyrin axle component is also capable of coordinating anions which induces mechanical bond shuttling behaviour resulting in a novel optical sensing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie T. Wilmore
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Yuen Cheong Tse
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Andrew Docker
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Caspar Whitehead
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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2
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Wang G, Yang Y, Liu H, Chen M, Jiang Z, Bai Q, Yuan J, Jiang Z, Li Y, Wang P. Modular Construction of a Tessellated Octahedron, its Hierarchical Spherical Aggregate Behavior, and Electrocatalytic CO
2
Reduction Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205851. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Yunna Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Mingzhao Chen
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta Ministry of Education Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Qixia Bai
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta Ministry of Education Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jie Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta Ministry of Education Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta Ministry of Education Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution Changsha Hunan 410083 China
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3
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Wang G, Yang Y, liu H, Chen M, Jiang Z, Bai Q, Yuan J, jiang Z, Li Y, Wang P. Modular Construction of a Tessellated Octahedron and its Hierarchical Spherical Aggregate Behavior. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Wang
- Central South University School of Metallurgy and Environment CHINA
| | - Yunna Yang
- Central South University School of Metallurgy and Environment CHINA
| | - Hui liu
- Central South University School of Metallurgy and Environment CHINA
| | - Mingzhao Chen
- Guangzhou University Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area CHINA
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Qixia Bai
- Guangzhou University Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area CHINA
| | - Jie Yuan
- Henan Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhilong jiang
- Guangzhou University Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area CHINA
| | - Yiming Li
- Central South University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Central South University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 932 S. Lushan Rd. 410083 Changsha CHINA
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4
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d'Orchymont F, Holland JP. Supramolecular Rotaxane‐Based Multi‐Modal Probes for Cancer Biomarker Imaging**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204072. [PMID: 35532102 PMCID: PMC9400884 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules present opportunities to construct therapeutic drugs and diagnostic imaging agents but harnessing supramolecular chemistry to make biologically active probes in water is a challenge. Here, we describe a rotaxane‐based approach to synthesise radiolabelled proteins and peptides for molecular imaging of cancer biomarkers in vivo. Host–guest chemistry using β‐cyclodextrin‐ and cucurbit[6]uril‐catalysed cooperative capture synthesis produced gallium‐68 or zirconium‐89 radiolabelled metallo[4]rotaxanes. Photochemical conjugation to trastuzumab led to a viable positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer. The rotaxane architecture can be tuned to accommodate different radiometal ion complexes, other protein‐ or peptide‐based drugs, and fluorophores for optical detection. This technology provides a platform to explore how mechanical bonding can improve drug delivery, enhance tumour specificity, control radiotracer pharmacokinetics, and reduce dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustine d'Orchymont
- University of Zurich Department of Chemistry Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jason P. Holland
- University of Zurich Department of Chemistry Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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5
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Supramolecular Rotaxane‐Based Multi‐Modal Probes for Cancer Biomarker Imaging**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Tang Y, Luo Y, Xiang J, He Y, Fan Q. Rhodium‐Catalyzed ON‐OFF Switchable Hydrogenation Using a Molecular Shuttle Based on a [2]Rotaxane with a Phosphine Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200638. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ping Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Er Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Feng Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Mei He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Hua Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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7
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Maynard JRJ, Galmés B, Stergiou AD, Symes MD, Frontera A, Goldup SM. Anion-π Catalysis Enabled by the Mechanical Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115961. [PMID: 35040543 PMCID: PMC9303940 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a series of rotaxane-based anion-π catalysts in which the mechanical bond between a bipyridine macrocycle and an axle containing an NDI unit is intrinsic to the activity observed, including a [3]rotaxane that catalyses an otherwise disfavoured Michael addition in >60 fold selectivity over a competing decarboxylation pathway that dominates under Brønsted base conditions. The results are rationalized by detailed experimental investigations, electrochemical and computational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bartomeu Galmés
- Department of ChemistryUniversitat de les Illes BalearsCrta de Valldemossa km 7.507122Palma de MallorcaBalearesSpain
| | - Athanasios D. Stergiou
- WestCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of Glasgow, Joseph Black BuildingUniversity AvenueGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Mark D. Symes
- WestCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of Glasgow, Joseph Black BuildingUniversity AvenueGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of ChemistryUniversitat de les Illes BalearsCrta de Valldemossa km 7.507122Palma de MallorcaBalearesSpain
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8
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Tang Y, Luo Y, Xiang J, He Y, Fan Q. Rhodium‐Catalyzed ON‐OFF Switchable Hydrogenation Using a Molecular Shuttle Based on a [2]Rotaxane with a Phosphine Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ping Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Er Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Feng Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Mei He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Hua Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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9
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Maynard JRJ, Galmés B, Stergiou A, Symes M, Frontera A, Goldup SM. Anion‐π Catalysis Enabled by the Mechanical Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Symes
- University of Glasgow Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
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10
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McCarney EP, Lovitt JI, Gunnlaugsson T. Mechanically Interlocked Chiral Self-Templated [2]Catenanes from 2,6-Bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (btp) Ligands. Chemistry 2021; 27:12052-12057. [PMID: 34106499 PMCID: PMC8457180 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the efficient self-templated formation of optically active 2,6-bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (btp) derived homocircuit [2]catenane enantiomers. This represents the first example of the enantiopure formation of chiral btp homocircuit [2]catenanes from starting materials consisting of a classical chiral element; X-ray diffraction crystallography enabled the structural characterization of the [2]catenane. The self-assembly reaction was monitored closely in solution facilitating the characterization of the pseudo-rotaxane reaction intermediate prior to mechanically interlocking the pre-organised system via ring-closing metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P. McCarney
- School of Chemistryand SFI Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin 2Ireland
| | - June I. Lovitt
- School of Chemistryand SFI Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin 2Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistryand SFI Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin 2Ireland
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11
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Cera G, Giovanardi G, Secchi A, Arduini A. Merging Molecular Recognition and Gold(I) Catalysis with Triphoscalix[6]arene Ligands. Chemistry 2021; 27:10261-10266. [PMID: 34002908 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of novel triphosphine calix[6]arene ligands. These supramolecular wheels, with recognition features governed by the hydrogen-bonding domain, were employed to synthesize multitasking trinuclear gold(I) complexes as a new platform for the synthesis of interwoven (pseudo)rotaxane species. In parallel, the multivalent, metal-bonded upper rim displayed catalytic features promoting highly selective gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions of 1,6-enynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giovanardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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12
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Rajamalli P, Rizzi F, Li W, Jinks MA, Gupta AK, Laidlaw BA, Samuel IDW, Penfold TJ, Goldup SM, Zysman‐Colman E. Using the Mechanical Bond to Tune the Performance of a Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12066-12073. [PMID: 33666324 PMCID: PMC8251797 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the characterization of rotaxanes based on a carbazole-benzophenone thermally activated delayed fluorescence luminophore. We find that the mechanical bond leads to an improvement in key photophysical properties of the emitter, notably an increase in photoluminescence quantum yield and a decrease in the energy difference between singlet and triplet states, as well as fine tuning of the emission wavelength, a feat that is difficult to achieve when using covalently bound substituents. Computational simulations, supported by X-ray crystallography, suggest that this tuning of properties occurs due to weak interactions between the axle and the macrocycle that are enforced by the mechanical bond. This work highlights the benefits of using the mechanical bond to refine existing luminophores, providing a new avenue for emitter optimization that can ultimately increase the performance of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pachaiyappan Rajamalli
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
- Materials Research CentreIndian Institute of ScienceBangalore560012India
| | - Federica Rizzi
- ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonHighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Wenbo Li
- Organic Semiconductor CentreSUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9SSUK
| | - Michael A. Jinks
- ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonHighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Abhishek Kumar Gupta
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
- Organic Semiconductor CentreSUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9SSUK
| | - Beth A. Laidlaw
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE1 7RUUK
| | - Ifor D. W. Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor CentreSUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9SSUK
| | - Thomas J. Penfold
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE1 7RUUK
| | | | - Eli Zysman‐Colman
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
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13
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Rajamalli P, Rizzi F, Li W, Jinks MA, Gupta AK, Laidlaw BA, Samuel IDW, Penfold TJ, Goldup SM, Zysman‐Colman E. Using the Mechanical Bond to Tune the Performance of a Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pachaiyappan Rajamalli
- Organic Semiconductor Centre EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
- Materials Research Centre Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Chemistry University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Wenbo Li
- Organic Semiconductor Centre SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9SS UK
| | - Michael A. Jinks
- Chemistry University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Abhishek Kumar Gupta
- Organic Semiconductor Centre EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
- Organic Semiconductor Centre SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9SS UK
| | - Beth A. Laidlaw
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Ifor D. W. Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9SS UK
| | - Thomas J. Penfold
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- Chemistry University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Eli Zysman‐Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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14
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Martín‐Torres I, Ogalla G, Yang J, Rinaldi A, Echavarren AM. Enantioselective Alkoxycyclization of 1,6-Enynes with Gold(I)-Cavitands: Total Synthesis of Mafaicheenamine C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9339-9344. [PMID: 33576560 PMCID: PMC8251978 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chiral gold(I)-cavitand complexes have been developed for the enantioselective alkoxycyclization of 1,6-enynes. This enantioselective cyclization has been applied for the first total synthesis of carbazole alkaloid (+)-mafaicheenamine C and its enantiomer, establishing its configuration as R. The cavity effect was also evaluated in the cycloisomerization of dienynes. A combination of experiments and theoretical studies demonstrates that the cavity of the gold(I) complexes forces the enynes to adopt constrained conformations, which results in the high observed regio- and stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Martín‐Torres
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química OrgànicaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliC/ Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n43007TarragonaSpain
| | - Gala Ogalla
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química OrgànicaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliC/ Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n43007TarragonaSpain
| | - Jin‐Ming Yang
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Antonia Rinaldi
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
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15
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Martín‐Torres I, Ogalla G, Yang J, Rinaldi A, Echavarren AM. Enantioselective Alkoxycyclization of 1,6‐Enynes with Gold(I)‐Cavitands: Total Synthesis of Mafaicheenamine C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Martín‐Torres
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/ Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Gala Ogalla
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/ Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Jin‐Ming Yang
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Antonia Rinaldi
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
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16
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Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) have gained attention in the field of catalysis due to their unique molecular properties. Central to MIMs, rotaxanes are highly promising and attractive supramolecular catalysts due to their unique three-dimensional structures and the flexibility of their subcomponents. This Minireview discusses the use of rotaxanes in organocatalysis and transition-metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carel Kwamen
- Faculty of ChemistryOrganic Chemistry and Center for NanointegrationDuisburg- Essen (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstrasse 745141EssenGermany
| | - Jochen Niemeyer
- Faculty of ChemistryOrganic Chemistry and Center for NanointegrationDuisburg- Essen (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstrasse 745141EssenGermany
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17
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Schmittel M, Howlader P. Toward Molecular Cybernetics - the Art of Communicating Chemical Systems. CHEM REC 2020; 21:523-543. [PMID: 33350570 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The emerging field of molecular cybernetics has the potential to widely broaden our perception of chemistry. Chemistry will develop beyond its current focus that is mainly concerned with single transformations, pure compounds, and/or defined mixtures. On this way, chemistry will become autonomous, networked and smart through communicating molecules each of which serves a control engineering purpose, like the set of wheels in the machinery of life. The present personal account describes our latest developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Prodip Howlader
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
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18
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Del Giudice D, Spatola E, Cacciapaglia R, Casnati A, Baldini L, Ercolani G, Di Stefano S. Time Programmable Locking/Unlocking of the Calix[4]arene Scaffold by Means of Chemical Fuels. Chemistry 2020; 26:14954-14962. [PMID: 32757429 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report that 2-cyano-2-phenylpropanoic acid and its p-Cl, p-CH3 and p-OCH3 derivatives can be used as chemical fuels to control the geometry of the calix[4]arene scaffold in its cone conformation. It is shown that, under the action of the fuel, the cone calix[4]arene platform assumes a "locked" shape with two opposite aromatic rings strongly convergent and the other two strongly divergent ("pinched cone" conformation). Only when the fuel is exhausted, the cone calix[4]arene scaffold returns to its resting, "unlocked" shape. Remarkably, the duration of the "locked" state can be controlled at will by varying the fuel structure or amount. A kinetic study of the process shows that the consume of the fuel is catalyzed by the "unlocked" calixarene that behaves as an autocatalyst for its own production. A mechanism is proposed for the reaction of fuel consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Del Giudice
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuele Spatola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberta Cacciapaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Casnati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità, Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Baldini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità, Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
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19
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Xu L, Zhang D, Ronson TK, Nitschke JR. Improved Acid Resistance of a Metal-Organic Cage Enables Cargo Release and Exchange between Hosts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7435-7438. [PMID: 32073709 PMCID: PMC7217015 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of di(2-pyridyl)ketone in subcomponent self-assembly is introduced. When combined with a flexible triamine and zinc bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, this ketone formed a new Zn4 L4 tetrahedron 1 bearing twelve uncoordinated pyridyl units around its metal-ion vertices. The acid stability of 1 was found to be greater than that of the analogous tetrahedron 2 built from 2-formylpyridine. Intriguingly, the peripheral presence of additional pyridine rings in 1 resulted in distinct guest binding behavior from that of 2, affecting guest scope as well as binding affinities. The different stabilities and guest affinities of capsules 1 and 2 enabled the design of systems whereby different cargoes could be moved between cages using acid and base as chemical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical ProcessesSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University3663 N. Zhongshan RoadShanghai200062P. R. China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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20
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Xu L, Zhang D, Ronson TK, Nitschke JR. Improved Acid Resistance of a Metal–Organic Cage Enables Cargo Release and Exchange between Hosts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical ProcessesSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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21
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Tominaga M, Hyodo T, Maekawa Y, Kawahata M, Yamaguchi K. One‐Step Synthesis of Cyclophanes as Crystalline Sponge and Their [2]Catenanes through S
N
Ar Reactions. Chemistry 2020; 26:5157-5161. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Tominaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa CampusTokushima Bunri University 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki Kagawa 769-2193 Japan
| | - Tadashi Hyodo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa CampusTokushima Bunri University 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki Kagawa 769-2193 Japan
| | - Yumi Maekawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa CampusTokushima Bunri University 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki Kagawa 769-2193 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kawahata
- Showa Pharmaceutical University 3–3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa CampusTokushima Bunri University 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki Kagawa 769-2193 Japan
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Neue MaterialienUniversität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Max Delius
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Neue MaterialienUniversität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
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23
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Xu Y, von Delius M. The Supramolecular Chemistry of Strained Carbon Nanohoops. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:559-573. [PMID: 31190449 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Since 1996, a growing number of strained macrocycles, comprising only sp2 - or sp-hybridized carbon atoms within the ring, have become synthetically accessible, with the [n]cycloparaphenyleneacetylenes (CPPAs) and the [n]cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) being the most prominent examples. Now that robust and relatively general synthetic routes toward a diverse range of nanohoop structures have become available, the research focus is beginning to shift towards the exploration of their properties and applications. From a supramolecular chemistry perspective, these macrocycles offer unique opportunities as a result of their near-perfect circular shape, the unusually high degree of shape-persistence, and the presence of both convex and concave π-faces. In this Minireview, we give an overview on the use of strained carbon-rich nanohoops in host-guest chemistry, the preparation of mechanically interlocked architectures, and crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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24
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Dommaschk M, Echavarren J, Leigh DA, Marcos V, Singleton TA. Dynamic Control of Chiral Space Through Local Symmetry Breaking in a Rotaxane Organocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14955-14958. [PMID: 31454135 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on a switchable rotaxane molecular shuttle that features a pseudo-meso 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidine catalytic unit on the axle whose local symmetry is broken according to the position of a threaded benzylic amide macrocycle. The macrocycle can be selectively switched (with light in one direction; with catalytic acid in the other) with high fidelity between binding sites located to either side of the pyrrolidine unit. The position of the macrocycle dictates the facial bias of the rotaxane-catalyzed conjugate addition of aldehydes to vinyl sulfones. The pseudo-meso non-interlocked thread does not afford significant selectivity as a catalyst (2-14 % ee), whereas the rotaxane affords selectivities of up to 40 % ee with switching of the position of the macrocycle changing the handedness of the product formed (up to 60 % Δee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Dommaschk
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Javier Echavarren
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Vanesa Marcos
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Thomas A Singleton
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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25
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Dommaschk M, Echavarren J, Leigh DA, Marcos V, Singleton TA. Dynamic Control of Chiral Space Through Local Symmetry Breaking in a Rotaxane Organocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Dommaschk
- School of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Javier Echavarren
- School of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Vanesa Marcos
- School of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Thomas A. Singleton
- School of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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26
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Mihara N, Ronson TK, Nitschke JR. Different Modes of Anion Response Cause Circulatory Phase Transfer of a Coordination Cage with Controlled Directionality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12497-12501. [PMID: 31282602 PMCID: PMC6771743 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Controlled directional transport of molecules is essential to complex natural systems, from cellular transport up to organismal circulatory systems. In contrast to these natural systems, synthetic systems that enable transport of molecules between several spatial locations on the macroscopic scale, when external stimuli are applied, remain to be explored. Now, the transfer of a supramolecular cage is reported with controlled directionality between three phases, based on a cage that responds reversibly in two distinct ways to different anions. Notably, circulatory phase transfer of the cage was demonstrated based on a system where the three layers of solvent are arranged within a circular track. The direction of circulation between solvent phases depended upon the order of addition of anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Mihara
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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27
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Yin Y, Yun M, Wu L, Duan H, Jiang X, Zhan T, Cui J, Liu L, Zhang K. A Visible‐Light‐Induced Dynamic Mechanical Bond as a Linkage for Dynamic Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12705-12710. [PMID: 31297923 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐Fei Yin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Life ScienceZhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
| | - Meng‐Yan Yun
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Life ScienceZhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
| | - Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Life ScienceZhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Ying Duan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Life ScienceZhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
| | - Xia‐Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Life ScienceZhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
| | - Tian‐Guang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Life ScienceZhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
| | - Jiecheng Cui
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Life ScienceZhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
| | - Li‐Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Life ScienceZhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
| | - Kang‐Da Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Life ScienceZhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
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28
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A Visible‐Light‐Induced Dynamic Mechanical Bond as a Linkage for Dynamic Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Mihara N, Ronson TK, Nitschke JR. Different Modes of Anion Response Cause Circulatory Phase Transfer of a Coordination Cage with Controlled Directionality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Mihara
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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30
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Biagini C, Fielden SDP, Leigh DA, Schaufelberger F, Di Stefano S, Thomas D. Dissipative Catalysis with a Molecular Machine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9876-9880. [PMID: 31111628 PMCID: PMC6900173 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report on catalysis by a fuel-induced transient state of a synthetic molecular machine. A [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle containing secondary ammonium/amine and thiourea stations is converted between catalytically inactive and active states by pulses of a chemical fuel (trichloroacetic acid), which is itself decomposed by the machine and/or the presence of additional base. The ON-state of the rotaxane catalyzes the reduction of a nitrostyrene by transfer hydrogenation. By varying the amount of fuel added, the lifetime of the rotaxane ON-state can be regulated and temporal control of catalysis achieved. The system can be pulsed with chemical fuel several times in succession, with each pulse activating catalysis for a time period determined by the amount of fuel added. Dissipative catalysis by synthetic molecular machines has implications for the future design of networks that feature communication and signaling between the components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Biagini
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadM13 9PLManchesterUK
- Edificio Cannizzaro (VEC)Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”Piazzale Aldo Moro 500185RomaItaly
| | | | - David A. Leigh
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadM13 9PLManchesterUK
| | | | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Edificio Cannizzaro (VEC)Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”Piazzale Aldo Moro 500185RomaItaly
| | - Dean Thomas
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadM13 9PLManchesterUK
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31
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Xie Q, Zhao Y, Chen D, Zhu J. Probing Reaction Mechanism of [1,5]‐Migration in Pyrrolium and Pyrrole Derivatives: Activation of a Stronger Bond in Electropositive Groups Becomes Easier. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:2604-2610. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy, Materials (iChEM)Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of, Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of, ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy, Materials (iChEM)Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of, Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of, ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Dandan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy, Materials (iChEM)Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of, Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of, ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy, Materials (iChEM)Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of, Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of, ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
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32
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Biagini C, Fielden SDP, Leigh DA, Schaufelberger F, Di Stefano S, Thomas D. Dissipative Catalysis with a Molecular Machine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Biagini
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
- Edificio Cannizzaro (VEC)Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | | | - David A. Leigh
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | | | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Edificio Cannizzaro (VEC)Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Dean Thomas
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
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33
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Lu Z, Lavendomme R, Burghaus O, Nitschke JR. A Zn
4
L
6
Capsule with Enhanced Catalytic C−C Bond Formation Activity upon C
60
Binding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9073-9077. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpin Lu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Roy Lavendomme
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Olaf Burghaus
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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34
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Lu Z, Lavendomme R, Burghaus O, Nitschke JR. A Zn
4
L
6
Capsule with Enhanced Catalytic C−C Bond Formation Activity upon C
60
Binding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpin Lu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Roy Lavendomme
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Olaf Burghaus
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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35
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Lim JYC, Yuntawattana N, Beer PD, Williams CK. Isoselective Lactide Ring Opening Polymerisation using [2]Rotaxane Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6007-6011. [PMID: 30861303 PMCID: PMC6519244 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) is a fully biodegradable and recyclable plastic, produced from a bio-derived monomer: it is a circular economy plastic. Its properties depend upon its stereochemistry and isotactic PLA shows superior thermal-mechanical performances. Here, a new means to control tacticity by exploiting rotaxane conformational dynamism is described. Dynamic achiral [2]rotaxanes can show high isoselectivity (Pi =0.8, 298 K) without requiring any chiral additives and enchain by a chain end control mechanism. The organocatalytic dynamic stereoselectivity is likely applicable to other small-molecule and polymerization catalyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y. C. Lim
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Current address: Institute of Materials Research and Engineering2 Fusionopolis WaySingapore138634Singapore
| | - Nattawut Yuntawattana
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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36
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Lim JYC, Yuntawattana N, Beer PD, Williams CK. Isoselective Lactide Ring Opening Polymerisation using [2]Rotaxane Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y. C. Lim
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Current address: Institute of Materials Research and Engineering 2 Fusionopolis Way Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Nattawut Yuntawattana
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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37
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Modicom F, Jamieson EMG, Rochette E, Goldup SM. Chemical Consequences of the Mechanical Bond: A Tandem Active Template-Rearrangement Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3875-3879. [PMID: 30600892 PMCID: PMC6589916 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the unexpected discovery of a tandem active template CuAAC-rearrangement process, in which N2 is extruded on the way to the 1,2,3-triazole product to give instead acrylamide rotaxanes. Mechanistic investigations suggest this process is dictated by the mechanical bond, which stabilizes the CuI -triazolide intermediate of the CuAAC reaction and diverts it down the rearrangement pathway; when no mechanical bond is formed, the CuAAC product is isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Modicom
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | | | - Elise Rochette
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
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38
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Modicom F, Jamieson EMG, Rochette E, Goldup SM. Chemical Consequences of the Mechanical Bond: A Tandem Active Template‐Rearrangement Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Modicom
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | | | - Elise Rochette
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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Martinez‐Cuezva A, Bautista D, Alajarin M, Berna J. Enantioselective Formation of 2‐Azetidinones by Ring‐Assisted Cyclization of Interlocked
N
‐(α‐Methyl)benzyl Fumaramides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6563-6567. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de QuímicaUniversidad de Murcia 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de QuímicaUniversidad de Murcia 30100 Murcia Spain
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40
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Denis M, Qin L, Turner P, Jolliffe KA, Goldup SM. A Fluorescent Ditopic Rotaxane Ion-Pair Host. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5315-5319. [PMID: 29393993 PMCID: PMC5947583 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a rotaxane based on a simple urea motif that binds Cl- selectively as a separated ion pair with H+ and reports the anion binding event through a fluorescence switch-on response. The host selectively binds Cl- over more basic anions, which deprotonate the framework, and less basic anions, which bind more weakly. The mechanical bond also imparts size selectivity to the ditopic host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Denis
- ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonHighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Lei Qin
- School of ChemistryThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Peter Turner
- School of ChemistryThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
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41
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Enantioselective Formation of 2‐Azetidinones by Ring‐Assisted Cyclization of Interlocked
N
‐(α‐Methyl)benzyl Fumaramides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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42
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Denis M, Qin L, Turner P, Jolliffe KA, Goldup SM. A Fluorescent Ditopic Rotaxane Ion-Pair Host. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Denis
- Chemistry; University of Southampton; Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Lei Qin
- School of Chemistry; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Peter Turner
- School of Chemistry; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | | | - Stephen M. Goldup
- Chemistry; University of Southampton; Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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43
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Amirjalayer S, Martinez‐Cuezva A, Berna J, Woutersen S, Buma WJ. Photoinduced Pedalo-Type Motion in an Azodicarboxamide-Based Molecular Switch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1792-1796. [PMID: 29139183 PMCID: PMC5814897 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined structural changes of molecular units that can be triggered by light are crucial for the development of photoactive functional materials. Herein, we report on a novel switch that has azodicarboxamide as its photo-triggerable element. Time-resolved UV-pump/IR probe spectroscopy in combination with quantum-chemical calculations shows that the azodicarboxamide functionality, in contrast to other azo-based chromophores, does not undergo trans-cis photoisomerization. Instead, a photoinduced pedalo-type motion occurs, which because of its volume-conserving properties enables the design of functional molecular systems with controllable motion in a confined space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Amirjalayer
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and ComputationWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterWillhelm-Klemm-Strasse 1048149MünsterGermany
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech)Heisenbergstrasse 1148149MünsterGermany
| | | | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de QuímicaUniversidad de Murcia30100MurciaSpain
| | - Sander Woutersen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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44
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Amirjalayer S, Martinez-Cuezva A, Berna J, Woutersen S, Buma WJ. Photoinduced Pedalo-Type Motion in an Azodicarboxamide-Based Molecular Switch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Amirjalayer
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Willhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10 48149 Münster Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech); Heisenbergstrasse 11 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Universidad de Murcia; 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Universidad de Murcia; 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Sander Woutersen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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45
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Baggi G, Loeb SJ. Rotationally Active Ligands: Dialing-Up Multiple Interlocked Co-Conformations for Silver(I) Coordination. Chemistry 2017; 23:14163-14166. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Baggi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Stephen J. Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
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46
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Izatt-Christensen Award: H. L. Anderson / Cram Lehn Pedersen Prize: T. F. A. de Greef / Bob Hay Lectureship: S. M. Goldup and S. L. Cockroft. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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47
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Izatt-Christensen-Preis: H. L. Anderson / Cram-Lehn-Pedersen-Preis: T. F. A. de Greef / Bob Hay Lectureship: S. M. Goldup und S. L. Cockroft. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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Mitra R, Zhu H, Grimme S, Niemeyer J. Functional Mechanically Interlocked Molecules: Asymmetric Organocatalysis with a Catenated Bifunctional Brønsted Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11456-11459. [PMID: 28574220 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interlocked molecules, such as catenanes, rotaxanes, and molecular knots, have become interesting candidates for the development of sophisticated chemical catalysts. Herein, we report the first application of a catenane-based catalyst in asymmetric organocatalysis, revealing that the catenated catalyst shows dramatically increased stereoselectivities (up to 98 % ee) in comparison to its non-interlocked analogues. A mechanistic rationale for the observed differences was developed by DFT studies, suggesting that the involvement of two catalytically active groups in the stereodetermining reaction step is responsible for the superior selectivity of the interlocked catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Mitra
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Hui Zhu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Niemeyer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
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49
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Mitra R, Zhu H, Grimme S, Niemeyer J. Functional Mechanically Interlocked Molecules: Asymmetric Organocatalysis with a Catenated Bifunctional Brønsted Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Mitra
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Hui Zhu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Jochen Niemeyer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 7 45141 Essen Germany
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50
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Lee YJ, Liu KS, Lai CC, Liu YH, Peng SM, Cheng RP, Chiu SH. Na+
Ions Induce the Pirouetting Motion and Catalytic Activity of [2]Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2017; 23:9756-9760. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jay Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4; Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Kuang-Shun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4; Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University and Department of Medical Genetics; China Medical University Hospital; Taichung Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4; Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4; Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Richard P. Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4; Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4; Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
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