1
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Wang MY, Zeng WL, Chen L, Yuan YF, Li W. Umpolung-Enabled Divergent Dearomative Carbonylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202403917. [PMID: 38818640 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Although dearomative functionalizations enable the direct conversion of flat aromatics into precious three-dimensional architectures, the case for simple arenes remains largely underdeveloped owing to the high aromatic stabilization energy. We herein report a dearomative sequential addition of two nucleophiles to arene π-bonds through umpolung of chromium-arene complexes. This mode enables divergent dearomative carbonylation reactions of benzene derivatives by tolerating various nucleophiles in combination with alcohols or amines under CO-gas-free conditions, thus providing modular access to functionalized esters or amides. The tunable synthesis of 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexadienes as well as the construction of carbon quaternary centers further highlight the versatility of this dearomatization. Diverse late-stage modifications and derivatizations towards synthetically challenging and bioactive molecules reveal the synthetic utility. A possible mechanism was proposed based on control experiments and intermediate tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei-Long Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu-Fei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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2
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Dearomative Aminocarbonylation of Arenes via Bifunctional Coordination to Chromium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210312. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Wang MY, Wu CJ, Zeng WL, Jiang X, Li W. Dearomative Aminocarbonylation of Arenes via Bifunctional Coordination to Chromium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Wang
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry 38 Zheda Road, Xihu District 310027 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Cheng-Jie Wu
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry 38 Zheda Road, Xihu District 310027 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Wei-Long Zeng
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry 38 Zheda Road, Xihu District 310027 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Xu Jiang
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry 38 Zheda Road, Xihu District 310027 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Wei Li
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry 38 Zheda Road, Xihu District 310027 Hangzhou CHINA
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4
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Zhang P, Wang J, Robertson ZR, Newhouse TR. Coordination‐Controlled Nickel‐Catalyzed Benzylic Allylation of Unactivated Electron‐Deficient Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200602. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street, PO Box 208107 New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street, PO Box 208107 New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Zoe R. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street, PO Box 208107 New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Timothy R. Newhouse
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street, PO Box 208107 New Haven CT 06511 USA
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5
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Liu XJ, Zhang WY, Zheng C, You SL. Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution of Methyl Azaarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200164. [PMID: 35238122 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an Ir-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution reaction of methyl azaarenes is described. Azaarenes such as (benzo)thiazole, oxazole, benzoimidazole, pyridine, and (iso)quinoline are all tolerated. The corresponding chiral azaarene derivatives are obtained in good yields with high enantioselectivity (up to 96 % yield and 99 % ee). The utilization of the Knochel reagent TMPZnBr⋅LiBr warrants the in situ formation of benzylic nucleophiles without additional activating reagents. 1 H NMR studies suggested a two-fold function of the Knochel reagent in this reaction. The synthetic utility of this method has been showcased by a concise enantioselective synthesis of an allosteric protein kinase modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
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6
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Liu XJ, Zhang WY, Zheng C, You SL. Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution of Methyl Azaarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Wen-Yun Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Chao Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Shu-Li You
- Shanghai Inst Org Chem State Key Lab Organometallic Chem 345 Lingling Lu 200032 Shanghai CHINA
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7
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Zhang P, Wang J, Robertson ZR, Newhouse TR. Coordination‐Controlled Nickel‐Catalyzed Benzylic Allylation of Unactivated Electron‐Deficient Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Wang
- Yale University Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Timothy R. Newhouse
- Yale University Department of Chemistry 225 Prospect St. 06511 New Haven UNITED STATES
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8
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Doyle MGJ, Gabbey AL, McNutt W, Lundgren RJ. Enantioselective Tertiary Electrophile (Hetero)Benzylation: Pd‐Catalyzed Substitution of Isoprene Monoxide with Arylacetates**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. J. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Alexis L. Gabbey
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Wesley McNutt
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Rylan J. Lundgren
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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9
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Doyle MGJ, Gabbey AL, McNutt W, Lundgren RJ. Enantioselective Tertiary Electrophile (Hetero)Benzylation: Pd-Catalyzed Substitution of Isoprene Monoxide with Arylacetates*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26495-26499. [PMID: 34658132 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective generation of quaternary carbon centers remains challenging but is of growing importance for the preparation of functional molecules. Metal catalyzed allylic alkylations of tertiary electrophiles can provide access to these substructures but remain generally incompatible with organometallic benzyl nucleophiles. Here we demonstrate that electron-deficient arylacetates can serve as benzyl nucleophile surrogates to generate enantioenriched acyclic molecules containing a quaternary carbon center via a two-step substitution-decarboxylation process using isoprene monoxide. Products are often obtained in >90 % ee using a commercially available catalyst. An array of electron-withdrawing functional groups on the arylacetate moiety are tolerated. The lactone generated by the initial substitution reaction can be used in further stereoselective transformations to prepare molecules with acyclic vicinal quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G J Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Alexis L Gabbey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Wesley McNutt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Rylan J Lundgren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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10
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Kang Q, Lin Y, Li Y, Xu L, Li K, Shi H. Catalytic S
N
Ar Hydroxylation and Alkoxylation of Aryl Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi‐Kai Kang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
- Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yunzhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yuntong Li
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Lun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
- Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
- Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
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11
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Kang QK, Lin Y, Li Y, Xu L, Li K, Shi H. Catalytic S N Ar Hydroxylation and Alkoxylation of Aryl Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20391-20399. [PMID: 34263536 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SN Ar) is a powerful strategy for incorporating a heteroatom into an aromatic ring by displacement of a leaving group with a nucleophile, but this method is limited to electron-deficient arenes. We have now established a reliable method for accessing phenols and phenyl alkyl ethers via catalytic SN Ar reactions. The method is applicable to a broad array of electron-rich and neutral aryl fluorides, which are inert under classical SN Ar conditions. Although the mechanism of SN Ar reactions involving metal arene complexes is hypothesized to involve a stepwise pathway (addition followed by elimination), experimental data that support this hypothesis is still under exploration. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations suggest either a stepwise or stepwise-like energy profile. Notably, we isolated a rhodium η5 -cyclohexadienyl complex intermediate with an sp3 -hybridized carbon bearing both a nucleophile and a leaving group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Kai Kang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yunzhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuntong Li
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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12
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Pal D, Wright TB, O'Connor R, Evans PA. Regio- and Diastereoselective Rhodium-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution with Unstabilized Benzyl Nucleophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2987-2992. [PMID: 32840011 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a highly regio- and diastereoselective rhodium-catalyzed allylic substitution of challenging alkyl-substituted secondary allylic carbonates with benzylzinc reagents, which are prepared from widely available benzyl halides. This process utilizes rhodium(III) chloride as a commercially available, high-oxidation state and bench-stable pre-catalyst to provide a rare example of a regio- and diastereoselective allylic substitution in the absence of an exogenous ligand. This reaction tolerates electronically diverse benzylzinc nucleophiles and an array of functionalized and/or challenging aliphatic allylic electrophiles. Finally, the configurational fluxionality of the rhodium-allyl intermediate is exploited to develop a novel diastereoselective process for the construction of vicinal acyclic ternary/ternary stereogenic centers, in addition to a cyclic ternary/quaternary derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Timothy B Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ryan O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - P Andrew Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, P.R. of China
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13
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Pal D, Wright TB, O'Connor R, Evans PA. Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution with Unstabilized Benzyl Nucleophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Pal
- Department of Chemistry Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Timothy B. Wright
- Department of Chemistry Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Ryan O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - P. Andrew Evans
- Department of Chemistry Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Central South University Changsha 410013 Hunan P.R. of China
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14
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Liu X, Zheng C, Yang Y, Jin S, You S. Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Aromatization Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi‐Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yi‐Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shicheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shu‐Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 China
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15
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Liu X, Zheng C, Yang Y, Jin S, You S. Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Aromatization Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10493-10499. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi‐Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yi‐Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shicheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shu‐Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 China
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16
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Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution with 2-Methylpyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Liu XJ, You SL. Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution with 2-Methylpyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4002-4005. [PMID: 28266102 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic substitution with a set of highly unstabilized nucleophiles generated in situ from 2-methylpyridines is described. Enantioenriched 2-substituted pyridines, which are frequently encountered in natural products and pharmaceuticals, could be easily constructed by this simple method in good yields and excellent enantioselectivity. The synthetic utility of the pyridine products is demonstrated through the synthesis of a key intermediate of a reported Na+ /H+ exchanger inhibitor and the total synthesis of (-)-lycopladine A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
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18
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Kljajic M, Puschnig JG, Weber H, Breinbauer R. Additive-Free Pd-Catalyzed α-Allylation of Imine-Containing Heterocycles. Org Lett 2017; 19:126-129. [PMID: 27936786 PMCID: PMC5223276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An additive-free Pd-catalyzed α-allylation of different imino-group-ontaining heterocycles is reported. The activation of α-CH pronucleophiles (pKa (DMSO) > 25) occurs without the addition of strong bases or Lewis acids using only the Pd/Xantphos catalyst system. The reaction scope has been studied for various 5- and 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles (yields up to 96%). Mechanistic investigations suggest an initial allylation of the imine-N followed by a Pd-catalyzed formal aza-Claisen rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Kljajic
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of
Technology, Stremayrgasse
9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes G. Puschnig
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of
Technology, Stremayrgasse
9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Weber
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of
Technology, Stremayrgasse
9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of
Technology, Stremayrgasse
9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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