1
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Clark R, Shaver MP. Depolymerization within a Circular Plastics System. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2617-2650. [PMID: 38386877 PMCID: PMC10941197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The societal importance of plastics contrasts with the carelessness with which they are disposed. Their superlative properties lead to economic and environmental efficiency, but the linearity of plastics puts the climate, human health, and global ecosystems at risk. Recycling is fundamental to transitioning this linear model into a more sustainable, circular economy. Among recycling technologies, chemical depolymerization offers a route to virgin quality recycled plastics, especially when valorizing complex waste streams poorly served by mechanical methods. However, chemical depolymerization exists in a complex and interlinked system of end-of-life fates, with the complementarity of each approach key to environmental, economic, and societal sustainability. This review explores the recent progress made into the depolymerization of five commercial polymers: poly(ethylene terephthalate), polycarbonates, polyamides, aliphatic polyesters, and polyurethanes. Attention is paid not only to the catalytic technologies used to enhance depolymerization efficiencies but also to the interrelationship with other recycling technologies and to the systemic constraints imposed by a global economy. Novel polymers, designed for chemical depolymerization, are also concisely reviewed in terms of their underlying chemistry and potential for integration with current plastic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie
A. Clark
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
- Sustainable
Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Shaver
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
- Sustainable
Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
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2
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Xia Y, Yuan P, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Hong M. Converting Non-strained γ-Valerolactone and Derivatives into Sustainable Polythioesters via Isomerization-driven Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Thionolactone Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217812. [PMID: 36757807 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
This contribution reports the efficient conversion of γ-valerolactone and its derivatives, abundant but unexplored renewable feedstocks, into sustainable and degradable polythioesters via the establishment of the first isomerization-driven ring-opening polymerizations (IROPs) of corresponding thionolactone intermediates. The key to this success relies on the development of a new simple and robust [Et3 O]+ [B(C6 F5 )4 ]- cationic initiator which possesses high activity, exclusive selectivity, living nature, and broad scope of thionolactones. A complete inversion of configuration during IROP of enantiopure γ-thionovalerolactone is also disclosed, affording isotactic semicrystalline polythioesters (Tm =87.0 °C) with mechanical property compared well to the representative commodity polyolefins. The formation of a highly crystalline supramolecular stereocomplex with enhanced thermal property (Tm =117.6 °C) has also been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pengjun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Miao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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3
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Biswas S, Das A. A Versatile Step-Growth Polymerization Route to Functional Polyesters from an Activated Diester Monomer. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203849. [PMID: 36511092 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a versatile and efficient condensation polymerization route to aliphatic polyesters by organo-catalyzed (4-dimethylaminopyridine) transesterification reactions between an activated pentafluorophenyl-diester of adipic acid and structurally different diols. By introducing "monofunctional impurity" or "stoichiometric imbalance," this methodology can afford well-defined end-functionalized polyesters with predictable molecular weights and narrow dispersity under mild conditions without any necessity for the removal of the byproducts to accelerate the polymerization reaction, which remains a major challenge in conventional polyester synthesis with non-activated diesters. Wide substrate scope with structurally different monomers and the synthesis of block copolymers by chain extension following either ring-opening polymerization or controlled radical polymerization have been successfully demonstrated. Some of the polyesters synthesized by this newly introduced approach show high thermal stability, crystallinity, and enzymatic degradation in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Biswas
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Anindita Das
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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4
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Liu Y, Xu J, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Li Z. Rapid Ring-Opening Polymerization of γ-Butyrolactone toward High-Molecular-Weight Poly (γ-butyrolactone) by an Organophosphazene Base and Bisurea Binary Catalyst. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201107. [PMID: 36519360 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The low temperature condition, long reaction time and associated high energy inputs involved in the polymerization process still hampered the scalable production of poly(γ-butyrolactone) (PγBL) via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of low strained γBL due to its unfavorable thermodynamics. In this contribution, we presented the rapid ROP of γBL using a bisurea in combination with an organophosphazene base as the binary catalyst. Well-defined PγBL samples with various terminal groups were prepared by using different alcohol initiators. The bisurea as a co-catalyst exhibited much higher catalytic activity even compared to the most active monourea in previous report as supported by the kinetic experiments. A moderate monomer conversion of 61% was achieved within 10 mins, producing high-molecular-weight PγBL with Mn up to 37.5 kDa and good mechanical properties. The short polymerization time considerably reduced the energy cost for the ROP of γBL conducted at low temperature condition. This study may clear away obstacles for the scalable production and practical applications for PγBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials Shandong Provincial Education Department College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Jizhe Xu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials Shandong Provincial Education Department College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yong Shen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials Shandong Provincial Education Department College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
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5
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Li XL, Ma K, Xu F, Xu TQ. Advances in the Synthesis of Chemically Recyclable Polymers. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201167. [PMID: 36623942 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of modern society is closely related to polymer materials. However, the accumulation of polymer materials and their evolution in the environment causes not only serious environmental problems, but also waste of resources. Although physical processing can be used to reuse polymers, the properties of the resulting polymers are significantly degraded. Chemically recyclable polymers, a type of polymer that degrades into monomers, can be an effective solution to the degradation of polymer properties caused by physical recycling of polymers. The ideal chemical recycling of polymers, i. e., quantitative conversion of the polymer to monomers at low energy consumption and repolymerization of the formed monomers into polymers with comparable properties to the original, is an attractive research goal. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the design of recyclable polymers, enabling the regulation of the "polymerization-depolymerization" equilibrium and closed-loop recycling under mild conditions. This review will focus on the following aspects of closed-loop recycling of poly(sulfur) esters, polycarbonates, polyacetals, polyolefins, and poly(disulfide) polymer, illustrate the challenges in this area, and provide an outlook on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Kai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Tie-Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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6
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Hu S, Liu L, Li H, Pahovnik D, Hadjichristidis N, Zhou X, Zhao J. Tuning the Properties of Ester-Based Degradable Polymers by Inserting Epoxides into Poly(ϵ-caprolactone). Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201097. [PMID: 36424185 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of ester-ether copolymers were obtained via the reaction between α,ω-dihydroxyl poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) and ethylene oxide (EO) or monosubstituted epoxides catalyzed by strong phosphazene bases. The two types of monomeric units were distributed in highly random manners due to the concurrence of epoxide ring-opening and fast transesterification reactions. The substituent of epoxide showed an interesting bidirectional effect on the enzymatic degradability of the copolymer. Compared with PCL, copolymers derived from EO exhibited enhanced hydrophilicity and decreased crystallinity which then resulted in higher degradability. For the copolymers derived from propylene oxide and 1,2-butylene oxide, the hydrophobic alkyl pendant groups also allowed lower crystallinity of the copolymers thus higher degradation rates. However, further enlarging the pendant groups by using styrene oxide or 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether caused a decrease in the degradation rate, which might be ascribed to the higher bulkiness hindering the contact of ester groups with lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Hu
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Heng Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - David Pahovnik
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuechang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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7
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Cederholm L, Wohlert J, Olsén P, Hakkarainen M, Odelius K. "Like Recycles Like": Selective Ring-Closing Depolymerization of Poly(L-Lactic Acid) to L-Lactide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204531. [PMID: 35582840 PMCID: PMC9541399 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemical recycling of poly(L-lactic acid) to the cyclic monomer L-lactide is hampered by low selectivity and by epimerization and elimination reactions, impeding its use on a large scale. The high number of side reactions originates from the high ceiling temperature (Tc ) of L-lactide, which necessitates high temperatures or multistep reactions to achieve recycling to L-lactide. To circumvent this issue, we utilized the impact of solvent interactions on the monomer-polymer equilibrium to decrease the Tc of L-lactide. Analyzing the observed Tc in different solvents in relation to their Hildebrand solubility parameter revealed a "like recycles like" relationship. The decreased Tc , obtained by selecting solvents that interact strongly with the monomer (dimethyl formamide or the green solvent γ-valerolactone), allowed chemical recycling of high-molecular-weight poly(L-lactic acid) directly to L-lactide, within 1-4 h at 140 °C, with >95 % conversion and 98-99 % selectivity. Recycled L-lactide was isolated and repolymerized with high control over molecular weight and dispersity, closing the polymer loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Cederholm
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, WWSCDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
| | - Jakob Wohlert
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, WWSCDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
| | - Peter Olsén
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, WWSCDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, WWSCDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
| | - Karin Odelius
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, WWSCDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
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8
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Li J, Liu F, Liu Y, Shen Y, Li Z. Functionalizable and Chemically Recyclable Thermoplastics from Chemoselective Ring-Opening Polymerization of Bio-renewable Bifunctional α-Methylene-δ-valerolactone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207105. [PMID: 35674460 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It is a highly attractive strategy to develop chemically recyclable polymers to establish a circular plastic economy. Despite the recent advancements, chemically recyclable polymers still face challenges including high energy cost for polymer preparation or recycling, poor monomer recovery selectivity and efficiency as well as undesired material performance. In this contribution, we present the chemoselective controlled ring-opening polymerization of bio-renewable bifunctional α-methylene-δ-valerolactone (MVL) to produce exclusive functionalizable polyester using strong base/urea binary catalysts. The obtained polyester with high molar mass exhibits good tensile strength comparable to that of some commodity plastics. Remarkably, the obtained polyester can be depolymerized to recover pristine monomer with a 96 % yield by thermolysis, thus successfully establishing a closed-loop life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yalei Liu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yong Shen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.,Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
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9
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Functionalizable and Chemically Recyclable Thermoplastics from Chemoselective Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Bio‐renewable Bifunctional α‐Methylene‐δ‐valerolactone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Cederholm L, Wohlert J, Olsén P, Hakkarainen M, Odelius K. “Like Recycles Like”: Selective Ring‐Closing Depolymerization of Poly(L‐Lactic Acid) to L‐Lactide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Cederholm
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, WWSC Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 56–58 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jakob Wohlert
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, WWSC Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 56–58 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Peter Olsén
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, WWSC Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 56–58 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, WWSC Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 56–58 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Karin Odelius
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, WWSC Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 56–58 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
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11
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Li C, Wang L, Yan Q, Liu F, Shen Y, Li Z. Rapid and Controlled Polymerization of Bio-sourced δ-Caprolactone toward Fully Recyclable Polyesters and Thermoplastic Elastomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201407. [PMID: 35150037 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of chemically recyclable polymers presents the most appealing solution to address the plastics' end-of-use problem. Despite the recent advancements, it is highly desirable to develop chemically recyclable polymers from commercially available monomers to avoid the costly and time-consuming commercialization. In this contribution, we achieve the controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of bio-sourced δ-caprolactone (δCL) using strong base/urea binary catalysts. The obtained PδCL is capable of chemical recycling to δCL in an almost quantitative yield by thermolysis. Sequential ROP of δCL and l-lactide (l-LA) affords well-defined PLLA-b-PδCL-b-PLLA triblock copolymers, which behave as thermoplastic elastomers with excellent elastic recovery, tensile strength and ultimate elongation. The upcycling of PLLA-b-PδCL-b-PLLA to recover ethyl lactate and δCL with high yields is achieved by refluxing with ethanol and then distillation under reduced pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Liying Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Qin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yong Shen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.,Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
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12
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Li C, Wang L, Yan Q, Liu F, Shen Y, Li Z. Rapid and Controlled Polymerization of Bio‐sourced δ‐Caprolactone toward Fully Recyclable Polyesters and Thermoplastic Elastomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Li
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology College of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Liying Wang
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology College of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Qin Yan
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology College of Polymer Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Fusheng Liu
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology College of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yong Shen
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology College of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhibo Li
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology College of Polymer Science and Engineering #53 Zhengzhou RoadCCE Building 1101 266042 Qingdao CHINA
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13
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Wang Y, Li M, Chen J, Tao Y, Wang X. O-to-S Substitution Enables Dovetailing Conflicting Cyclizability, Polymerizability, and Recyclability: Dithiolactone vs. Dilactone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22547-22553. [PMID: 34424604 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing chemically recyclable polymers represents a greener alternative to landfill and incineration and offers a closed-loop strategy toward a circular materials economy. However, the synthesis of chemically recyclable polymers is still plagued with certain fundamental limitations, including trade-offs between the monomer's cyclizability and polymerizability, as well as between polymer's depolymerizability and properties. Here we describe the subtle O-to-S substitution, dithiolactone monomers derived from abundant feedstock α-amino acids can demonstrate appealing chemical properties different from those of dilactone, including accelerated ring closure, augmented kinetics polymerizability, high depolymerizability and selectivity, and thus constitute a unique class of polythioester materials exhibiting controlled molecular weight (up to 100.5 kDa), atactic yet high crystallinity, structurally diversity, and chemical recyclability. These polythioesters well addresses the formidable challenges of developing chemically recyclable polymers by having an unusual set of desired properties, including easy-to-make monomer from ubiquitous feedstock, and high polymerizability, crystallinity and precise tunability of physicochemical performance, as well as high depolymerizability and selectivity. Computational studies explain why O-to-S modification of polymer backbone enables dovetailing desirable, but conflicting, performance into one polymer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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14
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Wang Y, Li M, Chen J, Tao Y, Wang X. O‐to‐S Substitution Enables Dovetailing Conflicting Cyclizability, Polymerizability, and Recyclability: Dithiolactone vs. Dilactone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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15
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Zhang Q, Song M, Xu Y, Wang W, Wang Z, Zhang L. Bio-based polyesters: Recent progress and future prospects. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Weitkamp RF, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Phosphorus-Containing Superbases: Recent Progress in the Chemistry of Electron-Abundant Phosphines and Phosphazenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:10807-10825. [PMID: 34032319 PMCID: PMC8362139 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The renaissance of Brønsted superbases is primarily based on their pronounced capacity for a large variety of chemical transformations under mild reaction conditions. Four major set screws are available for the selective tuning of the basicity: the nature of the basic center (N, P, …), the degree of electron donation by substituents to the central atom, the possibility of charge delocalization, and the energy gain by hydrogen bonding. Within the past decades, a plethora of neutral electron-rich phosphine and phosphazene bases have appeared in the literature. Their outstanding properties and advantages over inorganic or charged bases have now made them indispensable as auxiliary bases in deprotonation processes. Herein, an update of the chemistry of basic phosphines and phosphazenes is given. In addition, due to widespread interest, their use in catalysis or as ligands in coordination chemistry is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin F. Weitkamp
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
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17
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Xu J, Hadjichristidis N. Well-Defined Poly(Ester Amide)-Based Homo- and Block Copolymers by One-Pot Organocatalytic Anionic Ring-Opening Copolymerization of N-Sulfonyl Aziridines and Cyclic Anhydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6949-6954. [PMID: 33351198 PMCID: PMC8048504 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report a new synthetic methodology for poly(ester amide)s by anionic ring-opening copolymerization of N-sulfonyl aziridines and cyclic anhydrides. Phosphazenes organocatalysts have been found to promote a highly-active, controlled, and selective alternating copolymerization in the absence of any competitive side reaction (zwitterionic mechanism and exchange transacylations). Mechanistic studies have shown first-order dependence of the copolymerization rate in N-sulfonyl aziridines and phosphazenes, and zero-order in cyclic anhydrides. This one-pot methodology leads not only to homopolymers but also to poly(ester amide)-based block copolymers. Two catalytic cycles involving ring-opening alternating copolymerization of N-sulfonyl aziridines with cyclic anhydrides and ring-opening polymerization of N-sulfonyl aziridines have been proposed to explain the one pot synthesis of poly(ester amide)-based homo- and block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Xu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKAUST Catalysis CenterPolymer Synthesis LaboratoryThuwal23955Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKAUST Catalysis CenterPolymer Synthesis LaboratoryThuwal23955Saudi Arabia
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18
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Xu J, Hadjichristidis N. Well‐Defined Poly(Ester Amide)‐Based Homo‐ and Block Copolymers by One‐Pot Organocatalytic Anionic Ring‐Opening Copolymerization of
N
‐Sulfonyl Aziridines and Cyclic Anhydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Xu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Physical Sciences and Engineering Division KAUST Catalysis Center Polymer Synthesis Laboratory Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Physical Sciences and Engineering Division KAUST Catalysis Center Polymer Synthesis Laboratory Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
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19
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Tang X, Westlie AH, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Falivene L, Chen EY. Biodegradable Polyhydroxyalkanoates by Stereoselective Copolymerization of Racemic Diolides: Stereocontrol and Polyolefin‐Like Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tang
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1872 USA
| | - Andrea H. Westlie
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1872 USA
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia Università di Salerno Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II 84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Physical Sciences and Engineering Division Kaust Catalysis Center Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Falivene
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Physical Sciences and Engineering Division Kaust Catalysis Center Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugene Y.‐X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1872 USA
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20
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Tang X, Westlie AH, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Falivene L, Chen EYX. Biodegradable Polyhydroxyalkanoates by Stereoselective Copolymerization of Racemic Diolides: Stereocontrol and Polyolefin-Like Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7881-7890. [PMID: 31991036 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a unique class of biodegradable polymers because of their biodegradability in ambient environments and structural diversity enabled by side-chain groups. However, the biosynthesis of PHAs is slow and expensive, limiting their broader applications as commodity plastics. To overcome such limitation, the catalyzed chemical synthesis of bacterial PHAs has been developed, using the metal-catalyzed stereoselective ring-opening (co)polymerization of racemic cyclic diolides (rac-8DLR , R=alkyl group). In this combined experimental and computational study, polymerization kinetics, stereocontrol, copolymerization characteristics, and the properties of the resulting PHAs have been examined. Most notably, stereoselective copolymerizations of rac-8DLMe with rac-8DLR (R=Et, Bu) have yielded high-molecular-weight, crystalline isotactic PHA copolymers that are hard, ductile, and tough plastics, and exhibit polyolefin-like thermal and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1872, USA
| | - Andrea H Westlie
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1872, USA
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Falivene
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1872, USA
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21
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Delgove MAF, Wróblewska AA, Stouten J, van Slagmaat CAMR, Noordijk J, De Wildeman SMA, Bernaerts KV. Organocatalyzed ring opening polymerization of regio-isomeric lactones: reactivity and thermodynamics considerations. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01777a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Study of the kinetics and thermodynamics of the organocatalyzed ring opening polymerization of a regio-isomeric mixture of β,δ-trimethyl-ε-caprolactones (TMCL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A. F. Delgove
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM)
- Maastricht University
- 6167 RD Geleen
- The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra A. Wróblewska
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM)
- Maastricht University
- 6167 RD Geleen
- The Netherlands
| | - Jules Stouten
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM)
- Maastricht University
- 6167 RD Geleen
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Jurrie Noordijk
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM)
- Maastricht University
- 6167 RD Geleen
- The Netherlands
| | - Stefaan M. A. De Wildeman
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM)
- Maastricht University
- 6167 RD Geleen
- The Netherlands
| | - Katrien V. Bernaerts
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM)
- Maastricht University
- 6167 RD Geleen
- The Netherlands
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22
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Cederholm L, Olsén P, Hakkarainen M, Odelius K. Turning natural δ-lactones to thermodynamically stable polymers with triggered recyclability. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00270d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Extending the use of natural δ-lactones in circular materials via a synthetic strategy yielding thermodynamically stable polyesters with triggered recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Cederholm
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center
- WWSC
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 100 44 Stockholm
| | - Peter Olsén
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center
- WWSC
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 100 44 Stockholm
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center
- WWSC
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 100 44 Stockholm
| | - Karin Odelius
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center
- WWSC
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 100 44 Stockholm
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23
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Jehanno C, Pérez-Madrigal MM, Demarteau J, Sardon H, Dove AP. Organocatalysis for depolymerisation. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01284a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemical recycling of plastics offers a green method to deal with plastic waste. In this review, we highlight the recent advances made by applying organocatalysts to chemically degrade polymers as a promising tool to reach a circular plastic economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Jehanno
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Center
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
| | | | - Jeremy Demarteau
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Center
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Center
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
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24
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Zhu J, Chen EY. Catalyst‐Sidearm‐Induced Stereoselectivity Switching in Polymerization of a Racemic Lactone for Stereocomplexed Crystalline Polymer with a Circular Life Cycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Bo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1872 USA
| | - Eugene Y.‐X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1872 USA
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25
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Zhu J, Chen EY. Catalyst‐Sidearm‐Induced Stereoselectivity Switching in Polymerization of a Racemic Lactone for Stereocomplexed Crystalline Polymer with a Circular Life Cycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:1178-1182. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Bo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1872 USA
| | - Eugene Y.‐X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1872 USA
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26
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Zhang CJ, Duan HY, Hu LF, Zhang CH, Zhang XH. Metal-Free Route to Precise Synthesis of Poly(propylene oxide) and Its Blocks with High Activity. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:4209-4213. [PMID: 30346658 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The fast and living ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of propylene oxide (PO) by metal-free catalysis is reported. By using triethyl borane (TEB) and organic Lewis bases (LBs, e.g.: phosphazene base, amidine and guanidine) as the catalysts, various alkyl alcohols can effectively initiate the ROP of PO, yielding tailor-made poly(propylene oxide)s (PPOs) with high regioregularity, predictable molecular weights, and narrow dispersity approaching Poisson distribution. The TEB/LB catalysts present unprecedentedly high activity (turnover frequency of up to 7500 h-1 ) and a truly living character for the polymerization, as evidenced by kinetic studies that showed fast initiation and growth, unobserved chain-transfer to PO, chain extension reactions, and the synthesis of various PPO-based block copolymers with narrow dispersities (Đ<1.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jian Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Han-Yi Duan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lan-Fang Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Cheng-Hui Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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27
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Ji H, Wang B, Pan L, Li Y. One‐Step Access to Sequence‐Controlled Block Copolymers by Self‐Switchable Organocatalytic Multicomponent Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- He‐Yuan Ji
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite and Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite and Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Li Pan
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite and Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Yue‐Sheng Li
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite and Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 China
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28
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Ji HY, Wang B, Pan L, Li YS. One-Step Access to Sequence-Controlled Block Copolymers by Self-Switchable Organocatalytic Multicomponent Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16888-16892. [PMID: 30417592 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A one-step procedure for the self-switchable block copolymerization of monomer mixtures of epoxides, cyclic anhydrides, and lactide (LA) was developed by using simple organocatalysts without an external stimulus. This multicomponent polymerization bridges two catalytic cycles involving ring-opening alternating copolymerization of epoxides with anhydrides and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of LA, in which the presence/absence of anhydrides in mixed feedstocks switched the ROP of LA off/on. The self-switchable terpolymerization showed distinct noncoordinating and living nature, as well as perfect chemoselectivity. Different combinations of epoxides, anhydrides, and initiators enabled the generation of a variety of new block polyester polyols.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Yuan Ji
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Li Pan
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yue-Sheng Li
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
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29
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Wang B, Wei Y, Li Z, Pan L, Li Y. From Zn(C
6
F
5
)
2
to ZnEt
2
‐based Lewis Pairs: Significantly Improved Catalytic Activity and Monomer Adaptability for the Ring‐opening Polymerization of Lactones. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite & Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P.R.China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite & Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P.R.China
| | - Zong‐Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Li Pan
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite & Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P.R.China
| | - Yue‐Sheng Li
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite & Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P.R.China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
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30
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Zhu J, Chen EY. Living Coordination Polymerization of a Six‐Five Bicyclic Lactone to Produce Completely Recyclable Polyester. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Bo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523-1872 USA
| | - Eugene Y.‐X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523-1872 USA
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31
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Zhu J, Chen EY. Living Coordination Polymerization of a Six‐Five Bicyclic Lactone to Produce Completely Recyclable Polyester. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12558-12562. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Bo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523-1872 USA
| | - Eugene Y.‐X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523-1872 USA
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32
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Lu XB, Liu Y, Zhou H. Learning Nature: Recyclable Monomers and Polymers. Chemistry 2018; 24:11255-11266. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P. R. China
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33
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Li H, Luo H, Zhao J, Zhang G. Well-Defined and Structurally Diverse Aromatic Alternating Polyesters Synthesized by Simple Phosphazene Catalysis. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huitong Luo
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
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34
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Li L, Maiti S, Thompson NA, Milligan IJ, Du W. Complete Depolymerization and Repolymerization of a Sugar Poly(orthoester). CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:4829-4832. [PMID: 29120079 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The capability of a polymer to depolymerize, regenerating its original monomer for further polymerization, is very attractive in terms of sustainability. Recently discovered sugar poly(orthoesters) are an important class of glycopolymer. The high sensitivity of the backbone orthoester linkage toward acidolysis provides a valuable model to study the depolymerization. Herein, a sugar poly(orthoester) is shown to be completely depolymerized under acidic conditions. Interestingly, instead of the original monomer, the depolymerization gave a stable cyclic product (1,6-anhydro glucopyranose) in most cases, which was kinetically and thermodynamically favored. However, this pathway could be inhibited by chemically deactivating a key intermediate and thus favoring the formation of the original monomer. Efficient repolymerizaton of the regenerated monomer is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48858, USA
| | - Sampa Maiti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48858, USA
| | - Nicole A Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48858, USA
| | - Ian J Milligan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48858, USA
| | - Wenjun Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48858, USA
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35
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Zhang H, Hu S, Zhao J, Zhang G. Expanding the scope of organocatalysis for alternating copolymerization of dihydrocoumarin and styrene oxide. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Zhao N, Ren C, Li H, Li Y, Liu S, Li Z. Selective Ring-Opening Polymerization of Non-Strained γ-Butyrolactone Catalyzed by A Cyclic Trimeric Phosphazene Base. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12987-12990. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Chuanli Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Huaike Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Yunxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
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37
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Zhao N, Ren C, Li H, Li Y, Liu S, Li Z. Selective Ring-Opening Polymerization of Non-Strained γ-Butyrolactone Catalyzed by A Cyclic Trimeric Phosphazene Base. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Chuanli Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Huaike Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Yunxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
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38
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Guo W, Gómez JE, Martínez-Rodríguez L, Bandeira NAG, Bo C, Kleij AW. Metal-Free Synthesis of N-Aryl Amides using Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Aminolysis of Lactones. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:1969-1975. [PMID: 28378941 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic ring-opening of bio-sourced non-strained lactones with aromatic amines can offer a straightforward, 100 % atom-economical, and sustainable pathway towards relevant N-aryl amide scaffolds. Herein, the first general, metal-free, and highly efficient N-aryl amide formation is reported from poorly reactive aromatic amines and non-strained lactones under mild operating conditions using an organic bicyclic guanidine catalyst. This protocol has high application potential as exemplified by the formal syntheses of drug-relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusheng Guo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - José Enrique Gómez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Rodríguez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Nuno A G Bandeira
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carles Bo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arjan W Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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39
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Completely Recyclable Monomers and Polycarbonate: Approach to Sustainable Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4862-4866. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Liu Y, Zhou H, Guo JZ, Ren WM, Lu XB. Completely Recyclable Monomers and Polycarbonate: Approach to Sustainable Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jia-Zhi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
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41
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Liu B, Li S, Wang M, Cui D. Coordination Polymerization of Renewable 3-Methylenecyclopentene with Rare-Earth-Metal Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Jilin University; Changchun 130025 China
| | - Shihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
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42
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Liu B, Li S, Wang M, Cui D. Coordination Polymerization of Renewable 3-Methylenecyclopentene with Rare-Earth-Metal Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4560-4564. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Jilin University; Changchun 130025 China
| | - Shihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
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43
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North M. Across the Board: Michael North. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:2012-2014. [PMID: 27444862 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Prof. Michael North, who discusses the main points and challenges towards sustainable ring-opening polymerisation methods, stressing that the overall reaction conditions, as well as highly active polymerisation initiators based on Earth abundant materials, must be considered and optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael North
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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44
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Hu S, Dai G, Zhao J, Zhang G. Ring-Opening Alternating Copolymerization of Epoxides and Dihydrocoumarin Catalyzed by a Phosphazene Superbase. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Hu
- Faculty of Materials Science
and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxiong Dai
- Faculty of Materials Science
and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science
and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science
and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
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