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Esmaeili M, Norouzi S, George K, Rezvan G, Taheri-Qazvini N, Sadati M. 3D Printing-Assisted Self-Assembly to Bio-Inspired Bouligand Nanostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206847. [PMID: 36732856 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Architected materials with nano/microscale orders can provide superior mechanical properties; however, reproducing such levels of ordering in complex structures has remained challenging. Inspired by Bouligand structures in nature, here, 3D printing of complex geometries with guided long-order radially twisted chiral hierarchy, using cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)-based inks is presented. Detailed rheological measurements, in situ flow analysis, polarized optical microscopy (POM), and director field analysis are employed to evaluate the chiral assembly over the printing process. It is demonstrated that shear flow forces inside the 3D printer's nozzle orient individual CNC particles forming a pseudo-nematic phase that relaxes to uniformly aligned concentric chiral nematic structures after the flow cessation. Acrylamide, a photo-curable monomer, is incorporated to arrest the concentric chiral arrangements within the printed filaments. The time series POM snapshots show that adding the photo-curable monomer at the optimized concentrations does not interfere with chiral self-assemblies and instead increases the chiral relaxation rate. Due to the liquid-like nature of the as-printed inks, optimized Carbopol microgels are used to support printed filaments before photo-polymerization. By paving the path towards developing bio-inspired materials with nanoscale hierarchies in larger-scale printed constructs, this biomimetic approach expands 3D printing materials beyond what has been realized so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Esmaeili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Sepideh Norouzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Kyle George
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Gelareh Rezvan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Nader Taheri-Qazvini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Monirosadat Sadati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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Abodurexiti A, Maimaitiyiming X. Carbon Nanotubes‐Based 3D Printing Ink for multifunctional “artificial epidermis” with Long‐Term Environmental Stability. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayinuer Abodurexiti
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Autonomous Region Institute of Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi Xinjiang 830046 PR China
| | - Xieraili Maimaitiyiming
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Autonomous Region Institute of Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi Xinjiang 830046 PR China
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Light Processable Starch Hydrogels. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061359. [PMID: 32560332 PMCID: PMC7362200 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Light processable hydrogels were successfully fabricated by utilizing maize starch as raw material. To render light processability, starch was gelatinized and methacrylated by simple reaction with methacrylic anhydride. The methacrylated starch was then evaluated for its photocuring reactivity and 3D printability by digital light processing (DLP). Hydrogels with good mechanical properties and biocompatibility were obtained by direct curing from aqueous solution containing lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) as photo-initiator. The properties of the hydrogels were tunable by simply changing the concentration of starch in water. Photo-rheology showed that the formulations with 10 or 15 wt% starch started curing immediately and reached G' plateau after only 60 s, while it took 90 s for the 5 wt% formulation. The properties of the photocured hydrogels were further characterized by rheology, compressive tests, and swelling experiments. Increasing the starch content from 10 to 15 wt% increased the compressive stiffness from 13 to 20 kPa. This covers the stiffness of different body tissues giving promise for the use of the hydrogels in tissue engineering applications. Good cell viability with human fibroblast cells was confirmed for all three starch hydrogel formulations indicating no negative effects from the methacrylation or photo-crosslinking reaction. Finally, the light processability of methacrylated starch by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing directly from aqueous solution was successfully demonstrated. Altogether the results are promising for future application of the hydrogels in tissue engineering and as cell carriers.
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Schmallegger M, Eibel A, Menzel JP, Kelterer AM, Zalibera M, Barner-Kowollik C, Grützmacher H, Gescheidt G. Unprecedented Bifunctional Chemistry of Bis(acyl)phosphane Oxides in Aqueous and Alcoholic Media. Chemistry 2019; 25:8982-8986. [PMID: 31070829 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tailor-made photoinitiators play an important role for efficient radical polymerisations in aqueous media, especially in hydrogel manufacturing. Bis(acyl)phosphane oxides (BAPOs) are among the most active initiators. Herein, we show that they display a remarkable photochemistry in aqueous and alcoholic media: Photolysis of BAPOs in the presence of water or alcohols provides a new delocalized π-radical, which does not participate in the polymerization. It either converts into a monoacylphosphane oxide acting as a secondary photoactive species or it works as a one-electron reducing agent. Upon the electron-transfer process, it again produces a dormant photoinitiator. We have established the structure and the chemistry of this π radical using steady-state and time-resolved (CIDEP) EPR together with ESI-MS, NMR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. Our results show that bis(acyl)phosphane oxides act as bifunctional reagents when applied in aqueous and alcoholic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Schmallegger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI, Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Eibel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI, Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jan P Menzel
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI, Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Michal Zalibera
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovak Republic
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI, Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
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Li L, Zhang P, Zhang Z, Lin Q, Wu Y, Cheng A, Lin Y, Thompson CM, Smaldone RA, Ke C. Hierarchical Co-Assembly Enhanced Direct Ink Writing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longyu Li
- Department of Chemistry; Dartmouth College; 41 College Street Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Dartmouth College; 41 College Street Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Dartmouth College; 41 College Street Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Qianming Lin
- Department of Chemistry; Dartmouth College; 41 College Street Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Yuyang Wu
- IMSERC; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Alexander Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; Dartmouth College; 41 College Street Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Yunxiao Lin
- Department of Chemistry; Dartmouth College; 41 College Street Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Christina M. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Dallas; 800 West Campbell Road Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Ronald A. Smaldone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Dallas; 800 West Campbell Road Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Chenfeng Ke
- Department of Chemistry; Dartmouth College; 41 College Street Hanover NH 03755 USA
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Li L, Zhang P, Zhang Z, Lin Q, Wu Y, Cheng A, Lin Y, Thompson CM, Smaldone RA, Ke C. Hierarchical Co-Assembly Enhanced Direct Ink Writing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5105-5109. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longyu Li
- Department of Chemistry; Dartmouth College; 41 College Street Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Dartmouth College; 41 College Street Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Dartmouth College; 41 College Street Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Qianming Lin
- Department of Chemistry; Dartmouth College; 41 College Street Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Yuyang Wu
- IMSERC; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Alexander Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; Dartmouth College; 41 College Street Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Yunxiao Lin
- Department of Chemistry; Dartmouth College; 41 College Street Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Christina M. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Dallas; 800 West Campbell Road Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Ronald A. Smaldone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Dallas; 800 West Campbell Road Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Chenfeng Ke
- Department of Chemistry; Dartmouth College; 41 College Street Hanover NH 03755 USA
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