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Hou P, Peschtrich S, Feuerstein W, Schoch R, Hohloch S, Breher F, Paradies J. Imidazolyl-Substituted Benzo- and Naphthodithiophenes as Precursors for the Synthesis of Transient Open-Shell Quinoids. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202300003. [PMID: 36703547 PMCID: PMC10661821 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of three novel imidazolyl-substituted sulfur-containing heteroacenes is reported. These heteroacenes consisting of annelated benzo- and naphthothiophenes serve as precursors for the generation of open-shell quinoid heteroacenes by oxidation with alkaline ferric cyanide. Spectroscopic and computational experiments support the formation of reactive open-shell quinoids, which, however, quickly produce paramagnetic polymeric material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hou
- Chemistry DepartmentPaderborn UniversityWarburger Strasse 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Sebastian Peschtrich
- Chemistry DepartmentPaderborn UniversityWarburger Strasse 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Wolfram Feuerstein
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Chemistry DepartmentPaderborn UniversityWarburger Strasse 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Jan Paradies
- Chemistry DepartmentPaderborn UniversityWarburger Strasse 10033098PaderbornGermany
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2
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Kundu G, Dash SR, Kumar R, Vanka K, Ghosh A, Sen SS. Enhancing Diradical Character of Chichibabin's Hydrocarbon through Fluoride Substitution. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300273. [PMID: 37409641 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, 5-SIDipp [SIDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazolin-2-ylidene] (1) derived Chichibabin's hydrocarbon with an octafluorobiphenylene spacer (3) has been reported. The addition of two equivalents of 5-SIDipp with decafluorobiphenyl in presence of BF3 gives the double C-F bond activated imidazolium salt with two tetrafluoroborate anions, 2. Further reduction of 2 gives the fluorine substituted 5-SIDipp based Chichibabin's hydrocarbon, 3. Quantum chemical calculations suggested a singlet state of 3 with a singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔES-T ) of 3.7 kcal mol-1 , which is substantially lower with respect to the hydrogen substituted NHC-based Chichibabin's hydrocarbons (10.7 kcal mol-1 , B3LYP). As a result, the diradical character (y) of 3 (y=0.62) is also noticeably higher than the hydrogen substituted CHs (y=0.41-0.43). The ▵ES-T was found to be higher in CASSCF (22.24 kcal mol-1 ) and CASPT2 (11.17 kcal mol-1 ) for 3 and the diradical character (d) is 44.6 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Kundu
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Soumya Ranjan Dash
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Aryya Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Sakya S Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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3
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Hou P, Peschtrich S, Huber N, Feuerstein W, Bihlmeier A, Krummenacher I, Schoch R, Klopper W, Breher F, Paradies J. Impact of Heterocycle Annulation on NIR Absorbance in Quinoid Thioacene Derivatives. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200478. [PMID: 35254693 PMCID: PMC9314731 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of a homologous series of quinoid sulfur‐containing imidazolyl‐substituted heteroacenes is described. The optoelectronic and magnetic properties were investigated by UV/vis, fluorescence and EPR spectroscopy as well as quantum‐chemical calculations, and were compared to those of the corresponding benzo congener. The room‐temperature and atmospherically stable quinoids display strong absorption in the NIR region between 678 and 819 nm. The dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]thiophene and the thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]thieno[2,3‐d]thiophene derivatives were EPR active at room temperature. For the latter, variable‐temperature EPR spectroscopy revealed the presence of a thermally accessible triplet state, with a singlet‐triplet separation of 14.1 kJ mol−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hou
- Chemistry Department Paderborn University Warburger Straße 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Sebastian Peschtrich
- Chemistry Department Paderborn University Warburger Straße 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Nils Huber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Wolfram Feuerstein
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Angela Bihlmeier
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Chemistry Department Paderborn University Warburger Straße 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jan Paradies
- Chemistry Department Paderborn University Warburger Straße 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
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4
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Eremin DB, Boiko DA, Kostyukovich AY, Burykina JV, Denisova EA, Anania M, Martens J, Berden G, Oomens J, Roithová J, Ananikov VP. Mechanistic Study of Pd/NHC-Catalyzed Sonogashira Reaction: Discovery of NHC-Ethynyl Coupling Process. Chemistry 2020; 26:15672-15681. [PMID: 32881095 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The product of a revealed transformation-NHC-ethynyl coupling-was observed as a catalyst transformation pathway in the Sonogashira cross-coupling, catalyzed by Pd/NHC complexes. The 2-ethynylated azolium salt was isolated in individual form and fully characterized, including X-ray analysis. A number of possible intermediates of this transformation with common formulae (NHC)n Pd(C2 Ph) (n=1,2) were observed and subjected to collision-induced dissociation (CID) and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) experiments to elucidate their structure. Measured bond dissociation energies (BDEs) and IRMPD spectra were in an excellent agreement with quantum calculations for coupling product π-complexes with Pd0 . Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the observed multiple CID fragmentation pathways. An unconventional methodology to study catalyst evolution suggests the reported transformation to be considered in the development of new catalytic systems for alkyne functionalization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry B Eremin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,The Bridge@USC, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-3502, USA
| | - Daniil A Boiko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Kostyukovich
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Julia V Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Denisova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mariarosa Anania
- Department for Spectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department for Spectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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5
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Abstract
Allenes (carbodicarbenes) and [3]cumulenes are linear carbon chains that can be bent when the terminal group has a strong carbene nature. This bending can be quite pronounced in allenes but not in [3]cumulenes. In this study, how N-heterocyclic or cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene (NHC and CAAC, respectively) terminal groups can modify the linear structure of [n]cumulenes has been analyzed. A low π acidity of the terminal carbene affects the linearity of [2n]cumulenes. Indeed, it has been found that the NHC [4]cumulene is extremely bent, contrary to classical [4]cumulenes. The predicted NHC [4]cumulene or tricarbodicarbene has two lone pairs and the π electrons are delocalized over the whole molecule. More significantly, DFT calculations have shown that this bent [4]cumulene is very stable, considerably more so than the corresponding [3]cumulene, which has been elusive to synthesize. Remarkably, calculations have shown that all the NHC [2n]cumulenes are more than 25 kcal mol-1 more stable than the [2n-1]cumulenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Enrique Barquera-Lozada
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, México, D.F., 04510, Mexico
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Kundu G, De S, Tothadi S, Das A, Koley D, Sen SS. Saturated N-Heterocyclic Carbene Based Thiele's Hydrocarbon with a Tetrafluorophenylene Linker. Chemistry 2019; 25:16533-16537. [PMID: 31609519 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a SIPr [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazolin-2-ylidene] derived Kekulé diradicaloid with a tetrafluorophenylene spacer (3) has been described. Two synthetic routes have been reported to access 3. The cleavage of C-F bond of C6 F6 by SIPr in the presence of BF3 led to double C-F activated compound with two tetrafluoro borate counter anions (2), which upon reduction by lithium metal afforded 3. Alternatively, 3 can be directly accessed in one step by reacting SIPr with C6 F6 in presence of Mg metal. Compounds 2 and 3 were well characterized spectroscopically and by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Experimental and computational studies support the cumulenic closed-shell singlet state of 3 with a singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔES-T ) of 23.7 kcal mol-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Kundu
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sriman De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Srinu Tothadi
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Abhishek Das
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Sakya S Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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7
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Kim Y, Lee E. Stable Organic Radicals Derived from N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:19110-19121. [PMID: 30058298 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngsuk Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and ComplexityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Center for Self-assembly and ComplexityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of ChemistryPohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials SciencePohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
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8
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Rottschäfer D, Busch J, Neumann B, Stammler HG, van Gastel M, Kishi R, Nakano M, Ghadwal RS. Diradical Character Enhancement by Spacing: N-Heterocyclic Carbene Analogues of Müller's Hydrocarbon. Chemistry 2018; 24:16537-16542. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse; Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Jasmin Busch
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse; Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse; Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse; Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science; 38 Nishigo-Naka Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse; Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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9
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Rottschäfer D, Ho NKT, Neumann B, Stammler HG, van Gastel M, Andrada DM, Ghadwal RS. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Analogues of Thiele and Chichibabin Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Nga Kim T. Ho
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie; Universität des Saarlandes; Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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10
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Rottschäfer D, Ho NKT, Neumann B, Stammler HG, van Gastel M, Andrada DM, Ghadwal RS. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Analogues of Thiele and Chichibabin Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5838-5842. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Nga Kim T. Ho
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie; Universität des Saarlandes; Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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