1
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Hielscher M, Oehl EK, Gleede B, Buchholz J, Waldvogel SR. Optimization Strategies for the Anodic Phenol‐Arene Cross‐Coupling Reaction. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Hielscher
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Elisabeth K. Oehl
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Barbara Gleede
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Julian Buchholz
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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2
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Beil SB, Pollok D, Waldvogel SR. Reproducibility in Electroorganic Synthesis-Myths and Misunderstandings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14750-14759. [PMID: 33428811 PMCID: PMC8251947 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of electric current as a traceless activator and reagent is experiencing a renaissance. This sustainable synthetic method is evolving into a hot topic in contemporary organic chemistry. Since researchers with various scientific backgrounds are entering this interdisciplinary field, different parameters and methods are reported to describe the experiments. The variation in the reported parameters can lead to problems with the reproducibility of the reported electroorganic syntheses. As an example, parameters such as current density or electrode distance are in some cases more significant than often anticipated. This Minireview provides guidelines on reporting electrosynthetic data and dispels myths about this technique, thereby streamlining the experimental parameters to facilitate reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian B. Beil
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Dennis Pollok
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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3
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Lugiņina J, Linden M, Bazulis M, Kumpiņš V, Mishnev A, Popov SA, Golubeva TS, Waldvogel SR, Shults EE, Turks M. Electrosynthesis of Stable Betulin‐Derived Nitrile Oxides and their Application in Synthesis of Cytostatic Lupane‐Type Triterpenoid‐Isoxazole Conjugates. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jevgeņija Lugiņina
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry RigaTechnical University P. Valdena Str.3 Riga 1007 Latvia
| | - Martin Linden
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Māris Bazulis
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry RigaTechnical University P. Valdena Str.3 Riga 1007 Latvia
| | - Viktors Kumpiņš
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry RigaTechnical University P. Valdena Str.3 Riga 1007 Latvia
| | - Anatoly Mishnev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Aizkraukles Str. 21 Riga 1006 Latvia
| | - Sergey A. Popov
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry Academician Lavrentjev Ave. 9 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Tatiana S. Golubeva
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics Acad. Lavrentyev Ave., 10 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Elvira E. Shults
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry Academician Lavrentjev Ave. 9 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Māris Turks
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry RigaTechnical University P. Valdena Str.3 Riga 1007 Latvia
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4
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Fedorov R, Lederle F, Li M, Olszok V, Wöbbeking K, Schade W, Hübner EG. Formation of Titanium Nitride, Titanium Carbide, and Silicon Carbide Surfaces by High Power Femtosecond Laser Treatment. Chempluschem 2021; 86:1231-1242. [PMID: 33960734 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Coatings based on titanium nitrides, titanium carbides and silicon carbides can optimize the surface properties of titanium or silicon for various applications ranging from biocompatibility to chemical stability and durability. Here, we investigated a high power (100 W) high pulse repetition rate femtosecond laser process (λ=1030 nm, τ=750 fs, f=1 MHz) for the treatment of titanium and silicon in atmospheres of argon, nitrogen, methane, ethene and acetylene. In a nitrogen atmosphere, a homogeneous coating of TiON is formed on titanium. In an ethene/argon atmosphere coatings of TiOC and SiC are formed on Ti and Si, respectively. The process allows a fast surface transformation with a process rate of 0.33 cm2 s-1 and a high spatial resolution below 0.5 mm with a minimal heat affected zone at the same time. In contrast to low repetition rate femtosecond laser processed samples, the surfaces are more robust against mechanical impact. At the same time, the surfaces reveal a distinct microstructure in comparison to coatings obtained by vapor deposition techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostislav Fedorov
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute HHI, Fiber Optical Sensor Systems, Am Stollen 19 H, 38640, Goslar, Germany
| | - Felix Lederle
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute HHI, Fiber Optical Sensor Systems, Am Stollen 19 H, 38640, Goslar, Germany
| | - Mingji Li
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute HHI, Fiber Optical Sensor Systems, Am Stollen 19 H, 38640, Goslar, Germany
| | - Vinzent Olszok
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Particle Technology, Leibnizstr. 19, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Karl Wöbbeking
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute HHI, Fiber Optical Sensor Systems, Am Stollen 19 H, 38640, Goslar, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schade
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute HHI, Fiber Optical Sensor Systems, Am Stollen 19 H, 38640, Goslar, Germany.,Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Energy Research and Physical Technologies, Am Stollen 19 B, 38640, Goslar, Germany
| | - Eike G Hübner
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute HHI, Fiber Optical Sensor Systems, Am Stollen 19 H, 38640, Goslar, Germany.,Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibnizstr. 6, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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5
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Beil SB, Pollok D, Waldvogel SR. Reproduzierbarkeit in der elektroorganischen Synthese – Mythen und Missverständnisse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian B. Beil
- Department Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Dennis Pollok
- Department Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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6
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Blum SP, Karakaya T, Schollmeyer D, Klapars A, Waldvogel SR. Metal-Free Electrochemical Synthesis of Sulfonamides Directly from (Hetero)arenes, SO 2 , and Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5056-5062. [PMID: 33372349 PMCID: PMC7985875 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonamides are among the most important chemical motifs in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. However, there is no methodology to directly introduce the sulfonamide group to a non-prefunctionalized aromatic compound. Herein, we present the first dehydrogenative electrochemical sulfonamide synthesis protocol by exploiting the inherent reactivity of (hetero)arenes in a highly convergent reaction with SO2 and amines via amidosulfinate intermediate. The amidosulfinate serves a dual role as reactant and supporting electrolyte. Direct anodic oxidation of the aromatic compound triggers the reaction, followed by nucleophilic attack of the amidosulfinate. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes and a HFIP-MeCN solvent mixture enable selective formation of the sulfonamides. In total, 36 examples are demonstrated with yields up to 85 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan P. Blum
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–14MainzGermany
| | - Tarik Karakaya
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–14MainzGermany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–14MainzGermany
| | - Artis Klapars
- Department of Process Research and DevelopmentMerck & Co., Inc.P.O. Box 2000RahwayNew Jersey07065USA
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7
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Blum SP, Karakaya T, Schollmeyer D, Klapars A, Waldvogel SR. Metallfreie, elektrochemische Synthese von Sulfonamiden direkt aus (Hetero)arenen, SO
2
und Aminen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan P. Blum
- Department für Chemie Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Tarik Karakaya
- Department für Chemie Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department für Chemie Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Artis Klapars
- Department of Process Research and Development Merck & Co., Inc. P.O. Box 2000 Rahway New Jersey 07065 USA
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department für Chemie Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 Mainz Deutschland
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8
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Heard DM, Lennox AJJ. Electrode Materials in Modern Organic Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18866-18884. [PMID: 32633073 PMCID: PMC7589451 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The choice of electrode material is critical for achieving optimal yields and selectivity in synthetic organic electrochemistry. The material imparts significant influence on the kinetics and thermodynamics of electron transfer, and frequently defines the success or failure of a transformation. Electrode processes are complex and so the choice of a material is often empirical and the underlying mechanisms and rationale for success are unknown. In this review, we aim to highlight recent instances of electrode choice where rationale is offered, which should aid future reaction development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Heard
- University of BristolSchool of ChemistryCantocks CloseBristol, AvonBS8 1TSUK
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Heard
- University of Bristol School of Chemistry Cantocks Close Bristol, Avon BS8 1TS UK
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10
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Rauh S, Wöbbeking K, Li M, Schade W, Hübner EG. From Femtosecond to Nanosecond Laser Microstructuring of Conical Aluminum Surfaces by Reactive Gas Assisted Laser Ablation. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1644-1652. [PMID: 32558311 PMCID: PMC7496992 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A conical microstructure is one of the most versatile surface textures obtained by ultrashort laser micromachining. Besides an increased surface area, unique surface properties such as superhydrophilicity, increased absorptivity; and thermal emissivity can be tailored. On metals, usually ultrashort laser pulses in the femtosecond to low picosecond range are used to obtain these surface structures, whereas nanosecond laser pulses favor melting processes. Herein, we report on an investigation of reactive gas atmospheres such as oxygen, steam, and halogens during laser micromachining of aluminum with 6 ns laser pulses. At a reduced pressure of 20 hPa (air) with additional iodine vapor as reactive species, we found a perfectly microconical structured surface to be formed with nanosecond laser pulses. The resulting surface structures were proven to be free of residual halogens. The application of nanosecond instead of femtosecond laser pulses for the surface structuring process allows to apply significantly less complex laser sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rauh
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute HHIFiber Optical Sensor SystemsAm Stollen 19 H38640GoslarGermany
| | - Karl Wöbbeking
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute HHIFiber Optical Sensor SystemsAm Stollen 19 H38640GoslarGermany
| | - Mingji Li
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute HHIFiber Optical Sensor SystemsAm Stollen 19 H38640GoslarGermany
| | - Wolfgang Schade
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute HHIFiber Optical Sensor SystemsAm Stollen 19 H38640GoslarGermany
- Clausthal University of TechnologyInstitute of Energy Research and Physical TechnologiesAm Stollen 19 B38640GoslarGermany
| | - Eike G. Hübner
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute HHIFiber Optical Sensor SystemsAm Stollen 19 H38640GoslarGermany
- Clausthal University of TechnologyInstitute of Organic ChemistryLeibnizstr. 638678Clausthal-ZellerfeldGermany
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11
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Blum SP, Schollmeyer D, Turks M, Waldvogel SR. Metal- and Reagent-Free Electrochemical Synthesis of Alkyl Arylsulfonates in a Multi-Component Reaction. Chemistry 2020; 26:8358-8362. [PMID: 32338808 PMCID: PMC7383810 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the first electrochemical preparation of alkyl arylsulfonates by direct anodic oxidation of electron-rich arenes. The reaction mechanism features a multi-component reaction consisting of electron-rich arenes, an alcohol of choice and excess SO2 in an acetonitrile-HFIP reaction mixture. In-situ formed monoalkyl sulfites are considered as key intermediates with bifunctional purpose. Firstly, this species functions as nucleophile and secondly, excellent conductivity is provided. Several primary and secondary alcohols and electron-rich arenes are implemented in this reaction to form the alkyl arylsulfonates in yields up to 73 % with exquisite selectivity. Boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDD) are employed in divided cells, separated by a simple commercially available glass frit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan P. Blum
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-University MainzDuesbergweg 10-1455128MainzGermany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-University MainzDuesbergweg 10-1455128MainzGermany
| | - Maris Turks
- Institute of Technology of Organic ChemistryFaculty of Materials Science and Applied ChemistryRiga Technical UniversityP. Valdena 3Riga1048Latvia
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-University MainzDuesbergweg 10-1455128MainzGermany
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12
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Grzybowski M, Sadowski B, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Synthetic Applications of Oxidative Aromatic Coupling-From Biphenols to Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2998-3027. [PMID: 31342599 PMCID: PMC7027897 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative aromatic coupling occupies a fundamental place in the modern chemistry of aromatic compounds. It is a method of choice for the assembly of large and bewildering architectures. Considerable effort was also devoted to applications of the Scholl reaction for the synthesis of chiral biphenols and natural products. The ability to form biaryl linkages without any prefunctionalization provides an efficient pathway to many complex structures. Although the chemistry of this process is only now becoming fully understood, this reaction continues to both fascinate and challenge researchers. This is especially true for heterocoupling, that is, oxidative aromatic coupling with the chemoselective formation of a C-C bond between two different arenes. Analysis of the progress achieved in this field since 2013 reveals that many groups have contributed by pushing the boundary of structural possibilities, expanding into surface-assisted (cyclo)dehydrogenation, and developing new reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische ChemieLeibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 1B30167HannoverGermany
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
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13
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Grzybowski M, Sadowski B, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Syntheseanwendungen der oxidativen aromatischen Kupplung – von Biphenolen zu Nanographenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Schneiderberg 1B 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
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14
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Wirtanen T, Aikonen S, Muuronen M, Melchionna M, Kemell M, Davodi F, Kallio T, Hu T, Helaja J. Carbocatalytic Oxidative Dehydrogenative Couplings of (Hetero)Aryls by Oxidized Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Liquid Phase. Chemistry 2019; 25:12288-12293. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Wirtanen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55 00014 Helsinki Finland
- Current address: Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Santeri Aikonen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Mikko Muuronen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Marianna Kemell
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Fatemeh Davodi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto University, P.O Box 16100 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Tanja Kallio
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto University, P.O Box 16100 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Tao Hu
- Research Unit of Sustainable ChemistryFaculty of TechnologyUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Juho Helaja
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55 00014 Helsinki Finland
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15
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An X, Xiao J. Fluorinated Alcohols: Magic Reaction Medium and Promoters for Organic Synthesis. CHEM REC 2019; 20:142-161. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐De An
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesQingdao Agricultural University
| | - Jian Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesQingdao Agricultural University
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16
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Franzmann P, Beil SB, Schollmeyer D, Waldvogel SR. Mo‐Based Oxidizers as Powerful Tools for the Synthesis of Thia‐ and Selenaheterocycles. Chemistry 2019; 25:1936-1940. [PMID: 30537384 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Franzmann
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Sebastian B. Beil
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Material Science in Mainz (MAINZ)Graduate School of Excellence Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Material Science in Mainz (MAINZ)Graduate School of Excellence Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
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17
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Imada Y, Okada Y, Noguchi K, Chiba K. Selective Functionalization of Styrenes with Oxygen Using Different Electrode Materials: Olefin Cleavage and Synthesis of Tetrahydrofuran Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Imada
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Keiichi Noguchi
- Instrumentation Analysis Center; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
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18
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Imada Y, Okada Y, Noguchi K, Chiba K. Selective Functionalization of Styrenes with Oxygen Using Different Electrode Materials: Olefin Cleavage and Synthesis of Tetrahydrofuran Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:125-129. [PMID: 30375161 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrode materials can have a significant impact on the course of an electrolysis reaction. Of particular interest is that different electrodes can generate different products from the same substrate. The electrode-material-selective transformations of styrene derivatives with molecular oxygen are reported. Platinum electrodes afford carbonyl products via cleavage of olefins, whereas tetrahydrofuran formation is achieved with carbon electrodes. A variety of different styrenes are available for both reactions. Electrolysis allows straightforward and mild chemical conversions that are metal- and oxidant-free. Electrochemical measurements illuminate the different effects of platinum and carbon electrodes on styrenes. The key to the differing reactions is probably that the oxidation potentials of the substrates are lower (higher HOMO energy) on carbon electrodes than on platinum electrodes. The adsorption of the substrates on carbon electrodes can also promote tetrahydrofuran formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Imada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Keiichi Noguchi
- Instrumentation Analysis Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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19
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Gao Y, Mei H, Han J, Pan Y. Electrochemical Alkynyl/Alkenyl Migration for the Radical Difunctionalization of Alkenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:17205-17209. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Haibo Mei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Yi Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
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Qiu Y, Tian C, Massignan L, Rogge T, Ackermann L. Electrooxidative Ruthenium-Catalyzed C−H/O−H Annulation by Weak O
-Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youai Qiu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Cong Tian
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Leonardo Massignan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Torben Rogge
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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Qiu Y, Tian C, Massignan L, Rogge T, Ackermann L. Electrooxidative Ruthenium-Catalyzed C−H/O−H Annulation by Weak O
-Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5818-5822. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youai Qiu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Cong Tian
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Leonardo Massignan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Torben Rogge
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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