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Jiao J, Dong J, Li Y, Cui Y. Fine‐Tuning of Chiral Microenvironments within Triple‐Stranded Helicates for Enhanced Enantioselectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16568-16575. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Jinqiao Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Yingguo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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2
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Jiao J, Dong J, Li Y, Cui Y. Fine‐Tuning of Chiral Microenvironments within Triple‐Stranded Helicates for Enhanced Enantioselectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Jinqiao Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Yingguo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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3
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Liang L, Li B, Zhang W, Li A, Zheng B, Yang X, Wu B. Fine‐Tuning the Spring‐Like Motion of an Anion‐Based Triple Helicate by Tetraalkylammonium Guests. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9389-9394. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Boyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Wenyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Anyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Xiao‐Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
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4
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Liang L, Li B, Zhang W, Li A, Zheng B, Yang X, Wu B. Fine‐Tuning the Spring‐Like Motion of an Anion‐Based Triple Helicate by Tetraalkylammonium Guests. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Boyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Wenyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Anyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Xiao‐Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
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5
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Mevissen C, Kwamen ACN, Himmel L, Chen X, Brückner M, Huda S, Göb C, Jenniches J, Oppel I, Ward JS, Rissanen K, Albrecht M. Helicates with Ether‐Substituted Catechol Esters as Ligands. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mevissen
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - A. Carel N. Kwamen
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Leonard Himmel
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Matthias Brückner
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Saskia Huda
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Christian Göb
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Judith Jenniches
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Iris Oppel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Jas S. Ward
- Department of Chemistry University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Markus Albrecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Albrecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 D‐52074 Aachen Germany
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7
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Giraldi E, Depallens AB, Ortiz D, Fadaei‐Tirani F, Scopelliti R, Severin K. Boronate Ester‐Capped Helicates. Chemistry 2020; 26:7578-7582. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Giraldi
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Adrien B. Depallens
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ortiz
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei‐Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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8
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Kwamen ACN, de Macedo GS, Wiederhold C, Oppel IM, Albrecht M. Catechol Thioesters: Ligands for Hierarchically Formed Lithium-Bridged Titanium(IV) Helicates and Helicate-Based Switches. Chemistry 2020; 26:3829-3833. [PMID: 31899932 PMCID: PMC7154688 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The thioester moiety is introduced as a lithium binding unit for the hierarchical formation of titanium(IV) catecholate-based lithium-bridged helicates. In solution, the coordination compounds show a monomer-dimer equilibrium which -in comparison to the oxo esters- is significantly shifted towards the monomers. In addition, the influence of the thioester side chain on the dimerization behavior is investigated and an expansible/compressible molecular switch is synthesized. In the latter case expansion and compression are performed reversibly in methanol, whereas in DMSO spontaneous expansion occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Carel N. Kwamen
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Gilles S. de Macedo
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Constanze Wiederhold
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Iris M. Oppel
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Markus Albrecht
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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9
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Huang C, Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Molecular Springs: Integration of Complex Dynamic Architectures into Functional Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Bo Huang
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 7006 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge F-67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 7006 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge F-67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 7006 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge F-67000 Strasbourg France
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10
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Huang CB, Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Molecular Springs: Integration of Complex Dynamic Architectures into Functional Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7319-7330. [PMID: 31898855 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Molecular/supramolecular springs are artificial nanoscale objects possessing well-defined structures and tunable physicochemical properties. Like a macroscopic spring, supramolecular springs are capable of switching their nanoscale conformation as a response to external stimuli by undergoing mechanical spring-like motions. This dynamic action offers intriguing opportunities for engineering molecular nanomachines by translating the stimuli-responsive nanoscopic motions into macroscopic work. These nanoscopic objects are reversible dynamic multifunctional architectures which can express a variety of novel properties and behave as adaptive nanoscopic systems. In this Minireview, we focus on the design and structure-property relationships of supramolecular springs and their (self-)assembly as a prerequisite towards the generation of novel dynamic materials featuring controlled movements to be readily integrated into macroscopic devices for applications in sensing, robotics, and the internet of things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Bo Huang
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
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11
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Paul I, Ghosh A, Bolte M, Schmittel M. Remote Control of the Synthesis of a [2]Rotaxane and its Shuttling via Metal-Ion Translocation. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1355-1360. [PMID: 31763127 PMCID: PMC6863578 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote control in an eight-component network commanded both the synthesis and shuttling of a [2]rotaxane via metal-ion translocation, the latter being easily monitored by distinct colorimetric and fluorimetric signals. Addition of zinc(II) ions to the red colored copper-ion relay station rapidly liberated copper(I) ions and afforded the corresponding zinc complex that was visualized by a bright sky blue fluorescence at 460 nm. In a mixture of all eight components of the network, the liberated copper(I) ions were translocated to a macrocycle that catalyzed formation of a rotaxane by a double-click reaction of acetylenic and diazide compounds. The shuttling frequency in the copper-loaded [2]rotaxane was determined to k 298=30 kHz (ΔH ≠=62.3±0.6 kJ mol-1, ΔS ≠=50.1±5.1 J mol-1 K-1, ΔG ≠ 298=47.4 kJ mol-1). Removal of zinc(II) ions from the mixture reversed the system back generating the metal-free rotaxane. Further alternate addition and removal of Zn2+ reversibly controlled the shuttling mode of the rotaxane in this eight-component network where the ion translocation status was monitored by the naked eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversität SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Str. 2D-57068SiegenGermany
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversität SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Str. 2D-57068SiegenGermany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieGoethe-Universität FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Strasse 7D-60438Frankfurt (Main)Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversität SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Str. 2D-57068SiegenGermany
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12
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Chen X, Mevissen C, Huda S, Göb C, Oppel IM, Albrecht M. Cation‐Controlled Formation and Interconversion of the
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Stereoisomers of a Triple‐Stranded Helicate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12879-12882. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Christian Mevissen
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Saskia Huda
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Christian Göb
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Iris M. Oppel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Markus Albrecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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13
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Chen X, Mevissen C, Huda S, Göb C, Oppel IM, Albrecht M. Kationen‐gesteuerte Bildung und Umwandlung der
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‐Stereoisomere eines dreisträngigen Helicats. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Christian Mevissen
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Saskia Huda
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Christian Göb
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Iris M. Oppel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Markus Albrecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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14
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Kennedy ADW, de Haas N, Iranmanesh H, Luis ET, Shen C, Wang P, Price JR, Donald WA, Andréasson J, Huang F, Beves JE. Diastereoselective Control of Tetraphenylethene Reactivity by Metal Template Self-Assembly. Chemistry 2019; 25:5708-5718. [PMID: 30775812 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 4,4',4'',4'''-(ethene-1,1,2,2-tetrayl)tetraaniline with 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde and iron(II) chloride resulted, after aqueous workup, in the diastereoselective formation of an [Fe2 L3 ]4+ triple-stranded helicate structure, irrespective of the stoichiometry employed. The helicate structure was characterized in solution by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The reaction of iron(II) tetrafluoroborate or iron(II) bistriflimide with the tetraaniline and 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde allowed the formation of an [Fe8 L6 ]16+ cube when the appropriate stoichiometry was used, but these structures were unstable with respect to hydrolysis. The pendant amine groups on the helicate can be functionalized by reaction with acid chlorides or anhydrides, and the resulting functionalized tetraphenylethene (TPE) units were isolated by the reaction of the helicate with tris(2-aminoethyl)amine. The emission properties of the TPE units were studied in THF/water mixtures, and they were found by dynamic light scattering to self-assemble into large (av. diameter 250 nm) structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ena T Luis
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chao Shen
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Pi Wang
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jason R Price
- ANSTO-Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | | | - Joakim Andréasson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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15
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Albrecht M, Chen X, Van Craen D. From Hierarchical Helicates to Functional Supramolecular Devices. Chemistry 2019; 25:4265-4273. [PMID: 30394588 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Catechol ligands with aldehyde, ketone or ester groups attached in 3-position form, in the presence of titanium(IV) triscatecholate, titanium(IV) complexes. If lithium cations are the counterions, they can bind in a successive step to the salicylate units of the complex and form a dimeric triple-lithium-bridged dinuclear helicate. In solution, the dimer is in equilibrium with the monomer and the thermodynamics of the dimerization can be easily evaluated. Thus, the hierarchically assembled titanium(IV) helicates represent a lithium-dependent molecular switch. The investigation of different derivatives of the complex allows for an estimation of the influence of side chain functionalities on the energetics of the dimerization. Thus, the hierarchically assembled helicates can be used as a kind of molecular balance to determine weak interaction energies (solvophobic effects and even dispersive effects). In addition, tethering of two ligands leads to "classical" helicates. Removal or addition of lithium cations allows for a reversible switching between a compressed and expanded state, which in the case of chiral ligands can be even performed stereospecifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Albrecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - David Van Craen
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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