1
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He C, Si DH, Huang YB, Cao R. A CO 2 -Masked Carbene Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework for Highly Efficient Carbon Dioxide Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207478. [PMID: 35789079 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Free N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are generally prepared by treatment of imidazolium precursors with strong alkali reagents, which usually produces inactive NHC dimers. This treatment would destroy porous supports and thus make supported NHC catalysts difficult to recovery and reuse. Herein, we report the first stable CO2 -masked N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) grafted on a porous crystalline covalent organic framework (COF). The stable NHC-CO2 moieties in the COF-NHC-CO2 could be transformed in situ into isolated NHCs by heating, which exhibit superior catalytic performances in hydrosilylation and N-formylation reactions with CO2 . The NHC sites can reversibly form NHC-CO2 and thus can be easily recycled and reused while maintaining excellent catalytic activity. Density functional theory calculations revealed that NHC sites can be fully exposed after removal of CO2 -masks and rapidly react with silanes, which endows COF-NHC with high catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang He
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Duan-Hui Si
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Biao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
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2
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He C, Si DH, Huang YB, Cao R. A CO2‐Masked Carbene Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework for Highly Efficient Carbon Dioxide Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang He
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter State key laboratory of structural chemistry CHINA
| | - Duan-Hui Si
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter State key laboratory of structural chemistry CHINA
| | - Yuan-Biao Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter State key laboratory of structural chemistry CHINA
| | - Rong Cao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry YangQiao street NO. 155Gulou District 350002 Fuzhou CHINA
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3
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Berg I, Amit E, Hale L, Toste FD, Gross E. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Based Nanolayer for Copper Film Oxidation Mitigation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201093. [PMID: 35315187 PMCID: PMC9321544 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The wide use of copper is limited by its rapid oxidation. Main oxidation mitigation approaches involve alloying or surface passivation technologies. However, surface alloying often modifies the physical properties of copper, while surface passivation is characterized by limited thermal and chemical stability. Herein, we demonstrate an electrochemical approach for surface-anchoring of an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) nanolayer on a copper electrode by electro-deposition of alkyne-functionalized imidazolium cations. Water reduction reaction generated a high concentration of hydroxide ions that induced deprotonation of imidazolium cations and self-assembly of NHCs on the copper electrode. In addition, alkyne group deprotonation enabled on-surface polymerization by coupling surface-anchored and solvated NHCs, which resulted in a 2 nm thick NHC-nanolayer. Copper film coated with a NHC-nanolayer demonstrated high oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures and under alkaline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Berg
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyThe Hebrew UniversityJerusalem91904Israel
| | - Einav Amit
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyThe Hebrew UniversityJerusalem91904Israel
| | - Lillian Hale
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA
| | - Elad Gross
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyThe Hebrew UniversityJerusalem91904Israel
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4
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Berg I, Amit E, Hale L, Toste FD, Gross E. N
‐Heterocyclic Carbene Nanolayer for Copper Film Oxidation Mitigation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Berg
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology The Hebrew University Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Einav Amit
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology The Hebrew University Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Lillian Hale
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Elad Gross
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology The Hebrew University Jerusalem 91904 Israel
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5
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Ren J, Freitag M, Gao Y, Bellotti P, Das M, Schulze Lammers B, Mönig H, Zhang Y, Daniliuc CG, Du S, Fuchs H, Glorius F. Reversible Self-Assembly of an N-Heterocyclic Carbene on Metal Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115104. [PMID: 34985795 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of cyclohexyl cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (cyCAAC) can be realized and reversibly switched from a close-packed trimer phase to a chainlike dimer phase, enabled by the ring-flip of the cyclohexyl wingtip. Multiple methods including scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations identified a distinct isomer (axial or equatorial chair conformer) in each phase, and consequently support the conclusion regarding the determination of molecular surface geometry on the self-assembly of cyCAAC. Moreover, various substrates such as Ag (111) and Cu (111) are tested to elucidate the importance of cyCAAC-surface interactions on cyCAAC based nanopatterns. These investigations of patterned surfaces prompted a deep understanding of cyCAAC binding mode, surface geometry and reversible self-assembly, which are of paramount significance in the areas of catalysis, biosensor design and surface functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key, Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nano-technology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Freitag
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Yuxiang Gao
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Mowpriya Das
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bertram Schulze Lammers
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Harry Mönig
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Shixuan Du
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P.R. China
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P.R. China
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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6
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Ren J, Freitag M, Gao Y, Bellotti P, Das M, Lammers BS, Mönig H, Zhang Y, Daniliuc CG, Du S, Fuchs H, Glorius F. Reversible Self‐Assembly of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene on Metal Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Ren
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Physics GERMANY
| | - Matthias Freitag
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Yuxiang Gao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Physics CHINA
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Mowpriya Das
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Bertram Schulze Lammers
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Physics GERMANY
| | - Harry Mönig
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Physics GERMANY
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Physics CHINA
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Shixuan Du
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Physics CHINA
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Physics CHINA
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster GERMANY
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7
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Sun N, Zhang S, Simon F, Steiner AM, Schubert J, Du Y, Qiao Z, Fery A, Lissel F. Poly(3-hexylthiophene)s Functionalized with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as Robust and Conductive Ligands for the Stabilization of Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3912-3917. [PMID: 33135279 PMCID: PMC7898828 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are explored as anchor groups to bind organic ligands to colloidal gold (i.e. gold nanoparticles, Au NPs), yet these efforts are confined to non-conjugated ligands so far-that is, focused solely on exploiting the stability aspect. Using NHCs to link Au NPs and electronically active organic components, for example, conjugated polymers (CPs), will allow capitalizing on both the stability as well as the inherent conductivity of the NHC anchors. Here, we report three types of Br-NHC-Au-X (X=Cl, Br) complexes, which, when used as starting points for Kumada polymerizations, yield regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophenes)-NHC-Au (P3HTs-NHC-Au) with narrow molecular weight distributions. The corresponding NPs are obtained via direct reduction and show excellent thermal as well as redox stability. The NHC anchors enable electron delocalization over the gold/CP interface, resulting in an improved electrochromic response behavior in comparison with P3HT-NHC-Au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningwei Sun
- Institute of Macromolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute of Polymer ResearchHohe Strasse 601069DresdenGermany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer PhysicsLeibniz Institute of Polymer ResearchHohe Strasse 601069DresdenGermany
| | - Shi‐Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structures and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Frank Simon
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer PhysicsLeibniz Institute of Polymer ResearchHohe Strasse 601069DresdenGermany
| | - Anja Maria Steiner
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer PhysicsLeibniz Institute of Polymer ResearchHohe Strasse 601069DresdenGermany
| | - Jonas Schubert
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer PhysicsLeibniz Institute of Polymer ResearchHohe Strasse 601069DresdenGermany
| | - Yixuan Du
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer PhysicsLeibniz Institute of Polymer ResearchHohe Strasse 601069DresdenGermany
| | - Zhi Qiao
- Institute of Macromolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute of Polymer ResearchHohe Strasse 601069DresdenGermany
- Technische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401064DresdenGermany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer PhysicsLeibniz Institute of Polymer ResearchHohe Strasse 601069DresdenGermany
- Technische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401064DresdenGermany
| | - Franziska Lissel
- Institute of Macromolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute of Polymer ResearchHohe Strasse 601069DresdenGermany
- Technische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401064DresdenGermany
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8
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Steiner AM, Lissel F, Fery A, Lauth J, Scheele M. Perspektiven gekoppelter organisch‐anorganischer Nanostrukturen für Ladungs‐ und Energietransferanwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Maria Steiner
- Institut Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Franziska Lissel
- Institut Makromolekulare Chemie Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Deutschland
- Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01064 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Andreas Fery
- Institut Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Deutschland
- Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01064 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Jannika Lauth
- Leibniz-Universität Hannover Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie Callinstr. 3A 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
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9
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Steiner AM, Lissel F, Fery A, Lauth J, Scheele M. Prospects of Coupled Organic-Inorganic Nanostructures for Charge and Energy Transfer Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1152-1175. [PMID: 32173981 PMCID: PMC7821299 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We review the field of organic-inorganic nanocomposites with a focus on materials that exhibit a significant degree of electronic coupling across the hybrid interface. These nanocomposites undergo a variety of charge and energy transfer processes, enabling optoelectronic applications in devices which exploit singlet fission, triplet energy harvesting, photon upconversion or hot charge carrier transfer. We discuss the physical chemistry of the most common organic and inorganic components. Based on those we derive synthesis and assembly strategies and design criteria on material and device level with a focus on photovoltaics, spin memories or optical upconverters. We conclude that future research in the field should be directed towards an improved understanding of the binding motif and molecular orientation at the hybrid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Maria Steiner
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer PhysicsLeibniz Institute of Polymer ResearchHohe Str. 601069DresdenGermany
| | - Franziska Lissel
- Institute of Macromolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute of Polymer ResearchHohe Str. 601069DresdenGermany
- Technische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401064DresdenGermany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer PhysicsLeibniz Institute of Polymer ResearchHohe Str. 601069DresdenGermany
- Technische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401064DresdenGermany
| | - Jannika Lauth
- Leibniz Universität HannoverInstitute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryCallinstr. 3A30167HannoverGermany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Eberhard Karls-Universität TübingenInstitute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
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10
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Sun N, Zhang S, Simon F, Steiner AM, Schubert J, Du Y, Qiao Z, Fery A, Lissel F. Mit N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen funktionalisierte Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) als robuste und leitfähige Liganden zur Stabilisierung von Goldnanopartikeln. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningwei Sun
- Institut Makromolekulare Chemie Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Deutschland
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Shi‐Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structures and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Frank Simon
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Anja Maria Steiner
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Jonas Schubert
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Yixuan Du
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Zhi Qiao
- Institut Makromolekulare Chemie Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Deutschland
- Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstraße 4 01064 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Andreas Fery
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Deutschland
- Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstraße 4 01064 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Franziska Lissel
- Institut Makromolekulare Chemie Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Deutschland
- Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstraße 4 01064 Dresden Deutschland
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11
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Amirjalayer S, Bakker A, Freitag M, Glorius F, Fuchs H. Cooperation of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes on a Gold Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21230-21235. [PMID: 32822093 PMCID: PMC7702088 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise tailoring of interface structures is crucial for developing functional materials. We demonstrate an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) based molecular tool, which modifies the structure of a gold surface with atomic accuracy by the formation of gold nanorods. After adsorption on the gold surface, individual surface atoms are pulled out by the NHCs, generating single-atom surface defects and mobile NHC-Au species. Atomistic calculations reveal that these molecular "ballbots" can act as assembling tools to dislocate individual surface atoms. The predicted functionality of these carbene-based complexes is confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy measurements. Cooperative operation of these NHC-Au species induces a step-wise formation of gold nanorods. Consequently, the surface is re-structured by a zipper-type mechanism. Our work presents a foundation to utilize molecular-based nanotools to design surface structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Amirjalayer
- Physikalisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätWilhelm-Klemm-Straße 1048149MünsterGermany
- Center for NanotechnologyHeisenbergstraße 1148149MünsterGermany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and ComputationWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Anne Bakker
- Physikalisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätWilhelm-Klemm-Straße 1048149MünsterGermany
- Center for NanotechnologyHeisenbergstraße 1148149MünsterGermany
| | - Matthias Freitag
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Physikalisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätWilhelm-Klemm-Straße 1048149MünsterGermany
- Center for NanotechnologyHeisenbergstraße 1148149MünsterGermany
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12
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Amit E, Berg I, Gross E. Self-Assembled Monolayers of Nitron: Self-Activated and Chemically Addressable N-Heterocyclic Carbene Monolayers with Triazolone Structural Motif. Chemistry 2020; 26:13046-13052. [PMID: 32343452 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as a unique molecular platform for the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on various surfaces. However, active carbene formation requires deprotonation of imidazolium salt precursors, which is mostly facilitated by exposure of the salt to exogenous base. Base residues were found to be adsorbed on the metal surface and hindered the formation of well-ordered carbene-based monolayers. Herein, we show that nitron, a triazolone-based compound that freely tautomerizes to a carbene, can spontaneously self-assemble into monolayers on Pt and Au surfaces, which obviates the necessity for base-induced deprotonation for active carbene formation. SAMs of nitron were found to be thermally stable and could not be displaced by thiols, and thus their high chemical stability was demonstrated. The amino group in surface-anchored nitron was shown to be chemically available for SN 2 reactions, and makes surface-anchored nitron a chemically addressable cross-linking reagent for surface modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einav Amit
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Iris Berg
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Elad Gross
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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13
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Amirjalayer S, Bakker A, Freitag M, Glorius F, Fuchs H. Kooperative Zusammenarbeit von N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen auf einer Goldoberfläche. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Amirjalayer
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Anne Bakker
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Matthias Freitag
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
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14
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Bakker A, Freitag M, Kolodzeiski E, Bellotti P, Timmer A, Ren J, Schulze Lammers B, Moock D, Roesky HW, Mönig H, Amirjalayer S, Fuchs H, Glorius F. An Electron-Rich Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene on Au(111), Ag(111), and Cu(111) Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13643-13646. [PMID: 32267051 PMCID: PMC7496406 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The structural properties and binding motif of a strongly σ-electron-donating N-heterocyclic carbene have been investigated on different transition-metal surfaces. The examined cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) was found to be mobile on surfaces, and molecular islands with short-range order could be found at high coverage. A combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations highlights how CAACs bind to the surface, which is of tremendous importance to gain an understanding of heterogeneous catalysts bearing CAACs as ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bakker
- Physikalisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätWilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 1048149MünsterGermany
- Center for NanotechnologyHeisenbergstrasse 1148149MünsterGermany
| | - Matthias Freitag
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Elena Kolodzeiski
- Physikalisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätWilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 1048149MünsterGermany
- Center for NanotechnologyHeisenbergstrasse 1148149MünsterGermany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and ComputationWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Alexander Timmer
- Physikalisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätWilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 1048149MünsterGermany
- Center for NanotechnologyHeisenbergstrasse 1148149MünsterGermany
- nanoAnalytics GmbHHeisenbergstrasse 1148149MünsterGermany
| | - Jindong Ren
- Physikalisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätWilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 1048149MünsterGermany
- Center for NanotechnologyHeisenbergstrasse 1148149MünsterGermany
| | - Bertram Schulze Lammers
- Physikalisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätWilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 1048149MünsterGermany
- Center for NanotechnologyHeisenbergstrasse 1148149MünsterGermany
| | - Daniel Moock
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Harry Mönig
- Physikalisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätWilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 1048149MünsterGermany
- Center for NanotechnologyHeisenbergstrasse 1148149MünsterGermany
| | - Saeed Amirjalayer
- Physikalisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätWilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 1048149MünsterGermany
- Center for NanotechnologyHeisenbergstrasse 1148149MünsterGermany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and ComputationWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Physikalisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätWilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 1048149MünsterGermany
- Center for NanotechnologyHeisenbergstrasse 1148149MünsterGermany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
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15
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Delaude L. The Chemistry of Azolium‐Carboxylate Zwitterions and Related Compounds: a Survey of the Years 2009–2020. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of CatalysisMolSys Research UnitInstitut de Chimie Organique (B6a)Université de Liège Allée du six Août 13 4000 Liège Belgium
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16
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Gou X, Liu T, Wang Y, Han Y. Ultrastable and Highly Catalytically Active N‐Heterocyclic‐Carbene‐Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles in Confined Spaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐Xing Gou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNorthwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNorthwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yao‐Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNorthwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Ying‐Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNorthwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
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17
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Gou XX, Liu T, Wang YY, Han YF. Ultrastable and Highly Catalytically Active N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles in Confined Spaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16683-16689. [PMID: 32533619 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the size and surface functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs) can lead to improved properties and applicability. Herein, we demonstrate the efficiency of the metal-carbene template approach (MCTA) to synthesize highly robust and soluble three-dimensional polyimidazolium cages (PICs) of different sizes, each bearing numerous imidazolium groups, and use these as templates to synthesize and stabilize catalytically active, cavity-hosted, dispersed poly-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-anchored gold NPs. Owing to the stabilization of the NHC ligands and the effective confinement of the cage cavities, the as-prepared poly-NHC-shell-encapsulated AuNPs displayed promising stability towards heat, pH, and chemical regents. Most notably, all the Au@PCCs (PCC=polycarbene cage) exhibited excellent catalytic activities in various chemical reactions, together with high stability and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Gou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
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18
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Nguyen DT, Freitag M, Gutheil C, Sotthewes K, Tyler BJ, Böckmann M, Das M, Schlüter F, Doltsinis NL, Arlinghaus HF, Ravoo BJ, Glorius F. Ein auf Arylazopyrazol basierendes N‐heterocyclisches Carben als Photoschalter auf Goldoberflächen: Lichtschaltbare Benetzbarkeit, Austrittsarbeit und Leitwert. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Thao Nguyen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Busso-Peus-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Matthias Freitag
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Christian Gutheil
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Kai Sotthewes
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology University of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede Niederlande
| | - Bonnie J. Tyler
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Marcus Böckmann
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Mowpriya Das
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Friederike Schlüter
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Busso-Peus-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Nikos L. Doltsinis
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Heinrich F. Arlinghaus
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Busso-Peus-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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19
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Bakker A, Freitag M, Kolodzeiski E, Bellotti P, Timmer A, Ren J, Schulze Lammers B, Moock D, Roesky HW, Mönig H, Amirjalayer S, Fuchs H, Glorius F. Ein elektronenreiches cyclisches (Alkyl)(amino)carben auf Au(111)‐, Ag(111)‐ und Cu(111)‐Oberflächen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bakker
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Matthias Freitag
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Elena Kolodzeiski
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Alexander Timmer
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
- nanoAnalytics GmbH Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Jindong Ren
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Bertram Schulze Lammers
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Daniel Moock
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Harry Mönig
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Saeed Amirjalayer
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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20
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Nguyen DT, Freitag M, Gutheil C, Sotthewes K, Tyler BJ, Böckmann M, Das M, Schlüter F, Doltsinis NL, Arlinghaus HF, Ravoo BJ, Glorius F. An Arylazopyrazole-Based N-Heterocyclic Carbene as a Photoswitch on Gold Surfaces: Light-Switchable Wettability, Work Function, and Conductance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13651-13656. [PMID: 32271973 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel photoresponsive and fully conjugated N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) has been synthesized that combines the excellent photophysical properties of arylazopyrazoles (AAPs) with an NHC that acts as a robust surface anchor (AAP-BIMe). The formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold was proven by ToF-SIMS and XPS, and the organic film displayed a very high stability at elevated temperatures. This stability was also reflected in a high desorption energy, which was determined by temperature-programmed SIMS measurements. E-/Z-AAP-BIMe@Au photoisomerization resulted in reversible alterations of the surface energy (i.e. wettability), the surface potential (i.e. work function), and the conductance (i.e. resistance). The effects could be explained by the difference in the dipole moment of the isomers. Furthermore, sequential application of a dummy ligand by microcontact printing and subsequent backfilling with AAP-BIMe allowed its patterning on gold. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a photoswitchable NHC on a gold surface. These properties of AAP-BIMe@Au illustrate its suitability as a molecular switch for electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thao Nguyen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Strasse 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Freitag
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Gutheil
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Kai Sotthewes
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bonnie J Tyler
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcus Böckmann
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Mowpriya Das
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Friederike Schlüter
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Strasse 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Heinrich F Arlinghaus
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Strasse 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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21
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DeJesus JF, Sherman LM, Yohannan DJ, Becca JC, Strausser SL, Karger LFP, Jensen L, Jenkins DM, Camden JP. A Benchtop Method for Appending Protic Functional Groups to N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Protected Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F. DeJesus
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Lindy M. Sherman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Notre Dame South Bend IN 46556 USA
| | - Darius J. Yohannan
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Notre Dame South Bend IN 46556 USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Becca
- Department of ChemistryThe Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | | | - Leonhard F. P. Karger
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Notre Dame South Bend IN 46556 USA
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Department of ChemistryThe Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - David M. Jenkins
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Jon P. Camden
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Notre Dame South Bend IN 46556 USA
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22
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DeJesus JF, Sherman LM, Yohannan DJ, Becca JC, Strausser SL, Karger LFP, Jensen L, Jenkins DM, Camden JP. A Benchtop Method for Appending Protic Functional Groups to N-Heterocyclic Carbene Protected Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7585-7590. [PMID: 32092219 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable resilience of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) gold bonds has quickly made NHCs the ligand of choice when functionalizing gold surfaces. Despite rapid progress using deposition from free or CO2 -protected NHCs, synthetic challenges hinder the functionalization of NHC surfaces with protic functional groups, such as alcohols and amines, particularly on larger nanoparticles. Here, we synthesize NHC-functionalized gold surfaces from gold(I) NHC complexes and aqueous nanoparticles without the need for additional reagents, enabling otherwise difficult functional groups to be appended to the carbene. The resilience of the NHC-Au bond allows for multi-step post-synthetic modification. Beginning with the nitro-NHC, we form an amine-NHC terminated surface, which further undergoes amide coupling with carboxylic acids. The simplicity of this approach, its compatibility with aqueous nanoparticle solutions, and its ability to yield protic functionality, greatly expands the potential of NHC-functionalized noble metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F DeJesus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Lindy M Sherman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Darius J Yohannan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Becca
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Shelby L Strausser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Leonhard F P Karger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - David M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46556, USA
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23
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Dery S, Kim S, Tomaschun G, Haddad D, Cossaro A, Verdini A, Floreano L, Klüner T, Toste FD, Gross E. Flexible NO 2 -Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Monolayers on Au (111) Surface. Chemistry 2019; 25:15067-15072. [PMID: 31394002 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The formation of flexible self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) in which an external trigger modifies the geometry of surface-anchored molecules is essential for the development of functional materials with tunable properties. In this work, it is demonstrated that NO2 -functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene molecules (NHCs), which were anchored on Au (111) surface, change their orientation from tilted into flat-lying position following trigger-induced reduction of their nitro groups. DFT calculations identified that the energetic driving force for reorientation was the lower steric hindrance and stronger interactions between the chemically reduced NHCs and the Au surface. The trigger-induced changes in the NHCs' anchoring geometry and chemical functionality modified the work function and the hydrophobicity of the NHC-decorated Au surface, demonstrating the impact of a chemically tunable NHC-based SAM on the properties of the metal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Dery
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Suhong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Gabriele Tomaschun
- Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - David Haddad
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Albano Cossaro
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Trieste, 34012, Italy
| | - Alberto Verdini
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Trieste, 34012, Italy
| | - Luca Floreano
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Trieste, 34012, Italy
| | - Thorsten Klüner
- Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - F Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Elad Gross
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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24
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Tegeder P, Freitag M, Chepiga KM, Muratsugu S, Möller N, Lamping S, Tada M, Glorius F, Ravoo BJ. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Modified Au–Pd Alloy Nanoparticles and Their Application as Biomimetic and Heterogeneous Catalysts. Chemistry 2018; 24:18682-18688. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Tegeder
- Westfälische Universität MünsterOrganisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Matthias Freitag
- Westfälische Universität MünsterOrganisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Kathryn M. Chepiga
- Westfälische Universität MünsterOrganisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Satoshi Muratsugu
- Nagoya UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - Nadja Möller
- Westfälische Universität MünsterOrganisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Sebastian Lamping
- Westfälische Universität MünsterOrganisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Mizuki Tada
- Nagoya UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya Aichi 464-8602 Japan
- Research Center for Materials Science (RCMS) and Integrated Research, Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS)Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Universität MünsterOrganisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Westfälische Universität MünsterOrganisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
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