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Strauch C, Schroeder S, Grelier G, Niggemann M. Homolytic N-S Bond Cleavage in Vinyl Triflimides Enabled by Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201830. [PMID: 35793203 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vinyl triflimides are a new compound class with unknown reactivity. A computational analysis identified homolytic cleavage of the N-Tf bond induced by triplet-triplet energy transfer (EnT) as a highly interesting reaction type that might be accessible. A combination of experimental and mechanistic work verified this hypothesis and proved the generated radicals to be amenable to radical-radical coupling. Thereby, vinyl triflimides were transformed into a range of α-quaternary, β-trifluoromethylated amines in a 1,2-difunctionalization reaction with no need for external CF3 reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Strauch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schroeder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gwendal Grelier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Meike Niggemann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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2
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Wu M, Duan Z, Liu Q, Gao H, Zhou Z, Yi W, Wang S. Ca(NTf2)2/HFIP‐Mediated Direct and Mild Rearrangement of Cyclopropyl Carbinols to E‐Homoallylic Triflimides. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Guangzhou Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Zhiqiang Duan
- Guangzhou Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Qingmei Liu
- Guangzhou Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Hui Gao
- Guangzhou Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Guangzhou Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Wei Yi
- Guangzhou Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Shengdong Wang
- Guangzhou Medical University school of pharmaceutical science Xinzao, Panyu District 511436 guangzhou CHINA
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3
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Wigman B, Lee W, Wei W, Houk KN, Nelson HM. Electrochemical Fluorination of Vinyl Boronates through Donor-Stabilized Vinyl Carbocation Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202113972. [PMID: 35029844 PMCID: PMC8901537 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical generation of vinyl carbocations from alkenyl boronic esters and boronates is reported. Using easy-to-handle nucleophilic fluoride reagents, these intermediates are trapped to form fully substituted vinyl fluorides. Mechanistic studies support the formation of dicoordinated carbocations through sequential single-electron oxidation events. Notably, this electrochemical fluorination features fast reaction times and Lewis acid-free conditions. This transformation provides a complementary method to access vinyl fluorides with simple fluoride salts such as TBAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wigman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Woojin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wenjing Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hosea M Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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4
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Wigman B, Lee W, Wei W, Houk KN, Nelson HM. Electrochemical Fluorination of Vinyl Boronates through Donor‐Stabilized Vinyl Carbocation Intermediates**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wigman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Woojin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Wenjing Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Hosea M. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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5
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Hao L, Pan Q, Zhang C, Wang S, Wang W, Zhang J, Bai L, Wang Y. General, Straightforward, and Atom-Economical Synthesis of Vinyl Triflimides. Chemistry 2021; 27:12272-12275. [PMID: 34323319 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vinyl triflimides were only accessible recently and their chemistry is yet to be discovered. Herein, we describe a general, straightforward and atom-economical synthesis of these materials from alkynes and triflimide. A vast array of terminal and internal alkynes with broad spectrum of functionalities could be employed to generate various di- and trisubstituted vinyl triflimides regiospecifically with high to specific stereoselectivity. Moreover, the protocol could be conducted on gram scale using terminal and internal alkynes. Preliminarily attempts to probe the unprecedented reactivity of vinyl triflimides revealed part of its chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Qianwen Pan
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Congdi Zhang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Weilin Wang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Lu Bai
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Youliang Wang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China
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6
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Zheng H, Dong K, Wherritt D, Arman H, Doyle MP. Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Friedel-Crafts-Type Coupling and Dedinitrogenation Reactions of Vinyldiazo Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13613-13617. [PMID: 32372540 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The direct Friedel-Crafts-type coupling and dedinitrogenation reactions of vinyldiazo compounds with aromatic compounds using a metal-free strategy are described. This Brønsted acid catalyzed method is efficient for the formation of α-diazo β-carbocations (vinyldiazonium ions), vinyl carbocations, and allylic or homoallylic carbocation species via vinyldiazo compounds. By choosing suitable nucleophilic reagents to selectively capture these intermediates, both trisubstituted α,β-unsaturated esters, β-indole-substituted diazo esters, and dienes are obtained with good to high yields and selectivity. Experimental insights implicate a reaction mechanism involving the selective protonation of vinyldiazo compounds and the subsequent release of dinitrogen to form vinyl cations that undergo intramolecular 1,3- and 1,4- hydride transfer processes as well as fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Daniel Wherritt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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7
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Guo R, Qi X, Xiang H, Geaneotes P, Wang R, Liu P, Wang Y. Stereodivergent Alkyne Hydrofluorination Using Protic Tetrafluoroborates as Tunable Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Hengye Xiang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Paul Geaneotes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Ruihan Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Yi‐Ming Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
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8
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Guo R, Qi X, Xiang H, Geaneotes P, Wang R, Liu P, Wang YM. Stereodivergent Alkyne Hydrofluorination Using Protic Tetrafluoroborates as Tunable Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16651-16660. [PMID: 32485005 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of safe, general, and practical procedures to prepare vinyl fluorides from readily available precursors remains a synthetic challenge. The metal-free hydrofluorination of alkynes constitutes an attractive though elusive strategy for their preparation. Introduced here is an inexpensive and easily handled reagent that enables the development of simple and scalable protocols for the regioselective hydrofluorination of alkynes to access both the E and Z isomers of vinyl fluorides. These reaction conditions were suitable for a diverse collection of alkynes, including several highly functionalized pharmaceutical derivatives. Computational and experimental mechanistic studies support C-F bond formation through vinyl cation intermediates, with the E- and Z-hydrofluorination products forming under kinetic and thermodynamic control, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Hengye Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Paul Geaneotes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Ruihan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
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9
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Zheng H, Dong K, Wherritt D, Arman H, Doyle MP. Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts‐Type Coupling and Dedinitrogenation Reactions of Vinyldiazo Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Daniel Wherritt
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
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