1
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Schneider J, Häring AP, Waldvogel SR. Electrochemical Dehydration of Dicarboxylic Acids to Their Cyclic Anhydrides. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400403. [PMID: 38527230 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
An intramolecular electrochemical dehydration reaction of dicarboxylic acids to their cyclic anhydrides is presented. This electrolysis allows dicarboxylic acids as naturally abundant, inexpensive, safe, and readily available starting materials to be transformed into carboxylic anhydrides under mild reaction conditions. No conventional dehydration reagent is required. The obtained cyclic anhydrides are highly valuable reagents in organic synthesis, and in this report, we use them in-situ for acylation reactions of amines to synthesize amides. This work is part of the recent progress in electrochemical dehydration, which - in contrast to electrochemical dehydrogenative reactions for example - is an underexplored field of research. The reaction mechanism was investigated by 18O isotope labeling, revealing the formation of sulfate by electrochemical oxidation and hydrolysis of the thiocyanate-supporting electrolyte. This transformation is not a classical Kolbe electrolysis, because it is non-decarboxylative, and all carbon atoms of the carboxylic acid starting material are contained in the carboxylic anhydride. In total, 20 examples are shown with NMR yields up to 71 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas P Häring
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI CEC), Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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2
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de A Bartolomeu A, Breitschaft FA, Schollmeyer D, Pilli RA, Waldvogel SR. Electrochemical Multicomponent Synthesis of Alkyl Alkenesulfonates using Styrenes, SO 2 and Alcohols. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400557. [PMID: 38335153 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical approach to access alkyl alkenesulfonates via a multicomponent reaction was developed. The metal-free method features easy-to-use SO2 stock solution forming monoalkylsulfites from alcohols with an auxiliary base in-situ. These intermediates serve a dual role as starting materials and as supporting electrolyte enabling conductivity. Anodic oxidation of the substrate styrene, radical addition of these monoalkylsulfites and consecutive second oxidation and deprotonation preserve the double bond and form alkyl β-styrenesulfonates in a highly regio- and stereoselective fashion. The feasibility of this electrosynthetic method is demonstrated in 44 examples with yields up to 81 %, employing various styrenes and related substrates as well as a diverse set of alcohols. A gram-scale experiment underlines the applicability of this process, which uses inexpensive and readily available electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloisio de A Bartolomeu
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Florian A Breitschaft
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ronaldo A Pilli
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS FMS), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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3
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Moreno-García P, de Gálvez-Vázquez MDJ, Prenzel T, Winter J, Gálvez-Vázquez L, Broekmann P, Waldvogel SR. Self-Standing Metal Foam Catalysts for Cathodic Electro-Organic Synthesis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307461. [PMID: 37917032 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Although electro-organic synthesis is currently receiving renewed interest because of its potential to enable sustainability in chemical processes to value-added products, challenges in process development persist: For reductive transformations performed in protic media, an inherent issue is the limited choice of metallic cathode materials that can effectively suppress the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) while maintaining a high activity toward the targeted electro-organic reaction. Current development trends are aimed at avoiding the previously used HER-suppressing elements (Cd, Hg, and Pb) because of their toxicity. Here, this work reports the rational design of highly porous foam-type binary and ternary electrocatalysts with reduced Pb content. Optimized cathodes are tested in electro-organic reductions using an oxime to nitrile transformation as a model reaction relevant for the synthesis of fine chemicals. Their electrocatalytic performance is compared with that of the model CuSn7Pb15 bronze alloy that has recently been endorsed as the best cathode replacement for bare Pb electrodes. All developed metal foam catalysts outperform both bare Pb and the CuSn7Pb15 benchmark in terms of chemical yield and energetic efficiency. Moreover, post-electrolysis analysis of the crude electrolyte mixture and the cathode's surfaces through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively, reveal the foam catalysts' elevated resistance to cathodic corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Moreno-García
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | | | - Tobias Prenzel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Liliana Gálvez-Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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4
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Jia H, He M, Yang S, Yu X, Bao M. Visible‐Light‐Driven di‐
t
‐Butyl Peroxide‐Promoted the Oxidative Homo‐ and Cross‐Coupling of Phenols. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanqiang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 116023 Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 116023 Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Shilei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 116023 Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 116023 Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 116023 Dalian Liaoning China
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5
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Feng T, Wang S, Liu Y, Liu S, Qiu Y. Electrochemical Desaturative β‐Acylation of Cyclic
N
‐Aryl Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Feng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Siyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yin Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Shouzhuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Youai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
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6
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Feng T, Wang S, Liu Y, Liu S, Qiu Y. Electrochemical Desaturative β-Acylation of Cyclic N-Aryl Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115178. [PMID: 34878215 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a straightforward, robust, and simple route to access β-substituted desaturated cyclic amines via an electrochemically driven desaturative β-functionalization of cyclic amines. This transformation is based on multiple single-electron oxidation processes using catalytic amounts of ferrocene. The reaction proceeds in the absence of stoichiometric amounts of electrolyte under mild conditions, affording the desired products with high chemo- and regioselectivity. The reaction was tolerant of a broad range of substrates and also enables late-stage β-C(sp3 )-H acylation of potentially valuable products. Preliminary mechanistic studies using cyclic voltammetry reveal the key role of ferrocene as a redox mediator in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Feng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yin Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shouzhuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Youai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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7
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Hielscher M, Oehl EK, Gleede B, Buchholz J, Waldvogel SR. Optimization Strategies for the Anodic Phenol‐Arene Cross‐Coupling Reaction. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Hielscher
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Elisabeth K. Oehl
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Barbara Gleede
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Julian Buchholz
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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8
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Wu Y, Cui B, Long Y, Han W, Wan N, Yuan W, Chen Y. Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed (4+1) Annulation of 3‐Diazooxindoles/4‐Diazooxisoquinolines with
para
‐Quinone Methides to Access Chiral Spiro[dihydrobenzofuran‐2,3′‐oxindoles/2,4′‐oxisoquinolines]. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You‐Cai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province School of Pharmacy Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563000 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563000 People's Republic of China
| | - Bao‐Dong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province School of Pharmacy Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563000 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Long
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province School of Pharmacy Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563000 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563000 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen‐Yong Han
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province School of Pharmacy Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563000 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563000 People's Republic of China
| | - Nan‐Wei Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province School of Pharmacy Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563000 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563000 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei‐Cheng Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong‐Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province School of Pharmacy Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563000 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563000 People's Republic of China
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9
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Wesenberg LJ, Diehl E, Zähringer TJB, Dörr C, Schollmeyer D, Shimizu A, Yoshida J, Hellmich UA, Waldvogel SR. Metal-Free Twofold Electrochemical C-H Amination of Activated Arenes: Application to Medicinally Relevant Precursor Synthesis. Chemistry 2020; 26:17574-17580. [PMID: 32866328 PMCID: PMC7839481 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The efficient production of many medicinally or synthetically important starting materials suffers from wasteful or toxic precursors for the synthesis. In particular, the aromatic non-protected primary amine function represents a versatile synthetic precursor, but its synthesis typically requires toxic oxidizing agents and transition metal catalysts. The twofold electrochemical amination of activated benzene derivatives via Zincke intermediates provides an alternative sustainable strategy for the formation of new C-N bonds of high synthetic value. As a proof of concept, we use our approach to generate a benzoxazinone scaffold that gained attention as a starting structure against castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Further improvement of the structure led to significantly increased cancer cell line toxicity. Thus, exploiting environmentally benign electrooxidation, we present a new versatile and powerful method based on direct C-H activation that is applicable for example the production of medicinally relevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars J. Wesenberg
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Erika Diehl
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzJohann-Joachim Becherweg 3055128MainzGermany
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ)Goethe-University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue Str. 960438Frankfurt/MGermany
| | - Till J. B. Zähringer
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Carolin Dörr
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzJohann-Joachim Becherweg 3055128MainzGermany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Akihiro Shimizu
- Department Materials Engineering ScienceGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka UniversityToyonakaOsaka 560–8531Japan
| | - Jun‐ichi Yoshida
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Ute A. Hellmich
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzJohann-Joachim Becherweg 3055128MainzGermany
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ)Goethe-University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue Str. 960438Frankfurt/MGermany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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10
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Röckl JL, Dörr M, Waldvogel SR. Electrosynthesis 2.0 in 1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluoroisopropanol/Amine Mixtures. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes L. Röckl
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Maurice Dörr
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
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11
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Blum SP, Schollmeyer D, Turks M, Waldvogel SR. Metal- and Reagent-Free Electrochemical Synthesis of Alkyl Arylsulfonates in a Multi-Component Reaction. Chemistry 2020; 26:8358-8362. [PMID: 32338808 PMCID: PMC7383810 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the first electrochemical preparation of alkyl arylsulfonates by direct anodic oxidation of electron-rich arenes. The reaction mechanism features a multi-component reaction consisting of electron-rich arenes, an alcohol of choice and excess SO2 in an acetonitrile-HFIP reaction mixture. In-situ formed monoalkyl sulfites are considered as key intermediates with bifunctional purpose. Firstly, this species functions as nucleophile and secondly, excellent conductivity is provided. Several primary and secondary alcohols and electron-rich arenes are implemented in this reaction to form the alkyl arylsulfonates in yields up to 73 % with exquisite selectivity. Boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDD) are employed in divided cells, separated by a simple commercially available glass frit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan P. Blum
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-University MainzDuesbergweg 10-1455128MainzGermany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-University MainzDuesbergweg 10-1455128MainzGermany
| | - Maris Turks
- Institute of Technology of Organic ChemistryFaculty of Materials Science and Applied ChemistryRiga Technical UniversityP. Valdena 3Riga1048Latvia
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-University MainzDuesbergweg 10-1455128MainzGermany
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12
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Neuhaus WC, Kozlowski MC. Total Synthesis of Pyrolaside B: Phenol Trimerization through Sequenced Oxidative C−C and C−O Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William C. Neuhaus
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Marisa C. Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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13
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Neuhaus WC, Kozlowski MC. Total Synthesis of Pyrolaside B: Phenol Trimerization through Sequenced Oxidative C-C and C-O Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7842-7847. [PMID: 32026544 PMCID: PMC7200290 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A facile method to oxidatively trimerize phenols using a catalytic aerobic copper system is described. The mechanism of this transformation was probed, yielding insight that enabled cross-coupling trimerizations. With this method, the natural product pyrolaside B was synthesized for the first time. The key strategy used for this novel synthesis is the facile one-step construction of a spiroketal trimer intermediate, which can be selectively reduced to give the natural product framework without recourse to stepwise Ullmann- and Suzuki-type couplings. As a result, pyrolaside B can be obtained expeditiously in five steps and 16 % overall yield. Three other analogues were synthesized, thus highlighting the utility of the method, which provides new accessibility to this area of chemical space. A novel xanthene was also synthesized through controlled Lewis acid promoted rearrangement of a spiroketal trimer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marisa C. Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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14
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Imada Y, Okada Y, Chiba K. Electrochemical Formation of Cinnamaldehyde by the Electrolyte System
N,N
‐Diisopropylethylamine and 1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluoropropan‐2‐ol. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Imada
- Department of Applied Biological Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
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15
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Duisberg Memorial Award: F. Schacher / Gmelin–Beilstein Memorial Medal: G. Restrepo / Ostwald Early Career Award: J. Meisner / Baizer Award: S. Waldvogel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4997. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Duisberg‐Gedächtnispreis: F. Schacher / Gmelin‐Beilstein‐Denkmünze: G. Restrepo / Ostwald‐Nachwuchspreis: J. Meisner / Baizer‐Preis: S. Waldvogel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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