1
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Bi H, Zhou Y, Jiang W, Liu J. Electrophotocatalytic C−H Hydroxyalkylation of Heteroaromatics with Aldehydes. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Bi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
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2
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Antol I, Glasovac Z, Murata Y, Hashikawa Y, Margetić D. Consecutive Utilization of Mechanochemical and Microwave Methods for the Synthesis of Boc‐2‐amino‐quinazolin‐4(3
H
)‐ones and DFT Study of Mechanism 6π‐Diazaelectrocyclization Process. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Antol
- Laboratory for physical organic chemistry Division of organic chemistry and Biochemistry Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička c. 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Zoran Glasovac
- Laboratory for physical organic chemistry Division of organic chemistry and Biochemistry Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička c. 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Structural Organic Chemistry Laboratory Department Division of Synthetic Chemistry Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Hashikawa
- Structural Organic Chemistry Laboratory Department Division of Synthetic Chemistry Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Davor Margetić
- Laboratory for physical organic chemistry Division of organic chemistry and Biochemistry Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička c. 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
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3
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Wu S, Kaur J, Karl TA, Tian X, Barham JP. Synthetische molekulare Photoelektrochemie: neue synthetische Anwendungen, mechanistische Einblicke und Möglichkeiten zur Skalierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shangze Wu
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Tobias A. Karl
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Xianhai Tian
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
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4
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Chernowsky CP, Chmiel AF, Wickens ZK. Electrochemical Activation of Diverse Conventional Photoredox Catalysts Induces Potent Photoreductant Activity*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21418-21425. [PMID: 34288312 PMCID: PMC8440429 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose that electrochemical stimulation induces new photocatalytic activity from a range of structurally diverse conventional photocatalysts. These studies uncover a new electron-primed photoredox catalyst capable of promoting the reductive cleavage of strong C(sp2 )-N and C(sp2 )-O bonds. We illustrate several examples of the synthetic utility of these deeply reducing but otherwise safe and mild catalytic conditions. Finally, we employ electrochemical current measurements to perform a reaction progress kinetic analysis. This technique reveals that the improved activity of this new system is a consequence of an enhanced catalyst stability profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen P. Chernowsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Alyah F. Chmiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Zachary K. Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706
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5
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Chernowsky CP, Chmiel AF, Wickens ZK. Electrochemical Activation of Diverse Conventional Photoredox Catalysts Induces Potent Photoreductant Activity**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen P. Chernowsky
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Ave Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Alyah F. Chmiel
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Ave Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Zachary K. Wickens
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Ave Madison WI 53706 USA
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6
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Tian X, Karl TA, Reiter S, Yakubov S, de Vivie‐Riedle R, König B, Barham JP. Electro-mediated PhotoRedox Catalysis for Selective C(sp 3 )-O Cleavages of Phosphinated Alcohols to Carbanions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20817-20825. [PMID: 34165861 PMCID: PMC8518744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel example of electro-mediated photoredox catalysis (e-PRC) in the reductive cleavage of C(sp3 )-O bonds of phosphinated alcohols to alkyl carbanions. As well as deoxygenations, olefinations are reported which are E-selective and can be made Z-selective in a tandem reduction/photosensitization process where both steps are photoelectrochemically promoted. Spectroscopy, computation, and catalyst structural variations reveal that our new naphthalene monoimide-type catalyst allows for an intimate dispersive precomplexation of its radical anion form with the phosphinate substrate, facilitating a reactivity-determining C(sp3 )-O cleavage. Surprisingly and in contrast to previously reported photoexcited radical anion chemistries, our conditions tolerate aryl chlorides/bromides and do not give rise to Birch-type reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Tian
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Tobias A. Karl
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | | | - Shahboz Yakubov
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | | | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
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7
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Wu S, Kaur J, Karl TA, Tian X, Barham JP. Synthetic Molecular Photoelectrochemistry: New Frontiers in Synthetic Applications, Mechanistic Insights and Scalability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202107811. [PMID: 34478188 PMCID: PMC9303540 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic photoelectrochemistry (PEC) is receiving increasing attention as a new frontier for the generation and handling of reactive intermediates. PEC permits selective single‐electron transfer (SET) reactions in a much greener way and broadens the redox window of possible transformations. Herein, the most recent contributions are reviewed, demonstrating exciting new opportunities, namely, the combination of PEC with other reactivity paradigms (hydrogen‐atom transfer, radical polar crossover, energy transfer sensitization), scalability up to multigram scale, novel selectivities in SET super‐oxidations/reductions and the importance of precomplexation to temporally enable excited radical ion catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangze Wu
- University of Regensburg: Universitat Regensburg, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, GERMANY
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- University of Regensburg: Universitat Regensburg, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, GERMANY
| | - Tobias A Karl
- University of Regensburg: Universitat Regensburg, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, GERMANY
| | - Xianhai Tian
- University of Regensburg: Universitat Regensburg, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, GERMANY
| | - Joshua Philip Barham
- Universitat Regensburg, Fakultat fur Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, 93040, Regensburg, GERMANY
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8
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Tian X, Karl TA, Reiter S, Yakubov S, Vivie‐Riedle R, König B, Barham JP. Electro‐mediated PhotoRedox Catalysis for Selective C(sp
3
)–O Cleavages of Phosphinated Alcohols to Carbanions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Tian
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Tobias A. Karl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | | | - Shahboz Yakubov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | | | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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9
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Abstract
A method for the acetoxyhydroxylation of olefins with syn stereoselectivity under electrophotocatalytic conditions is described. The procedure uses a trisaminocyclopropenium (TAC) ion catalyst with visible light irradiation under a controlled electrochemical potential to convert aryl olefins to the corresponding glycol monoesters with high chemo- and diastereoselectivity. This reaction can be performed in batch or in flow, enabling multigram synthesis of the monoester products.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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10
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Caby S, Bouchet LM, Argüello JE, Rossi RA, Bardagi JI. Excitation of Radical Anions of Naphthalene Diimides in Consecutive‐ and Electro‐Photocatalysis**. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Caby
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba – Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INFIQC – CONICET) Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| | - Lydia M. Bouchet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba – Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INFIQC – CONICET) Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| | - Juan E. Argüello
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba – Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INFIQC – CONICET) Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| | - Roberto A. Rossi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba – Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INFIQC – CONICET) Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| | - Javier I. Bardagi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba – Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INFIQC – CONICET) Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende Córdoba 5000 Argentina
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11
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Huang H, Lambert TH. Electrophotocatalytic C-H Heterofunctionalization of Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11163-11167. [PMID: 33661562 PMCID: PMC8099024 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The electrophotocatalytic heterofunctionalization of arenes is described. Using 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanoquinone (DDQ) under a mild electrochemical potential with visible-light irradiation, arenes undergo oxidant-free hydroxylation, alkoxylation, and amination with high chemoselectivity. In addition to batch reactions, an electrophotocatalytic recirculating flow process is demonstrated, enabling the conversion of benzene to phenol on a gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, 122 Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, 122 Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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12
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Kong R, Fu T, Yang R, Chen D, Liang D, Dong Y, Li W, Wang B. 4‐Nitroanisole Facilitates Proton Reduction: Visible Light‐Induced Oxidative Aryltrifluoromethylation of Alkenes with Hydrogen Evolution. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Kunming University 2 Puxin Road, Kunming Yunnan Province 650214 Kunming P. R. China
| | - Tingfeng Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Kunming University 2 Puxin Road, Kunming Yunnan Province 650214 Kunming P. R. China
| | - Ruihan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Kunming University 2 Puxin Road, Kunming Yunnan Province 650214 Kunming P. R. China
| | - Danna Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Kunming University 2 Puxin Road, Kunming Yunnan Province 650214 Kunming P. R. China
| | - Deqiang Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Kunming University 2 Puxin Road, Kunming Yunnan Province 650214 Kunming P. R. China
| | - Ying Dong
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Shandong Normal University Jinan Shandong Province 250014 P. R. China
| | - Weili Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Kunming University 2 Puxin Road, Kunming Yunnan Province 650214 Kunming P. R. China
| | - Baoling Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Kunming University 2 Puxin Road, Kunming Yunnan Province 650214 Kunming P. R. China
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13
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Huang H, Lambert TH. Electrophotocatalytic C−H Heterofunctionalization of Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University 122 Baker Laboratory Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Tristan H. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University 122 Baker Laboratory Ithaca NY 14853 USA
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong‐Wei Hou
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry Taizhou University Taizhou 318000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Hai‐Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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15
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Lian F, Xu K, Zeng C. Indirect Electrosynthesis with Halogen Ions as Mediators. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2290-2305. [PMID: 33728812 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Organic electrosynthesis has gained increasing research interest as it harvests electric current as redox regents, thereby providing a sustainable alternative to conventional approaches. Compared with direct electrosynthesis, indirect electrosynthesis employs mediator(s) to lower the overpotentials for substrate activation, and enhance the reaction efficiency and functional group compatibility by shifting the heterogenous electron transfer process to be homogenous. As one of the most versatile and cost-efficient mediators, halogen mediators are always combined with an irreversible halogenation reaction. Thus, the electrochemical reaction between halogen mediators and substrates doesn't directly controlled by the two standard potentials difference. In this account, our recent developments in the area of halogen-mediated indirect electrosynthesis are summarized. The anodically generated halogen species from halogenide salts have the abilities to undergo electron-transfer (ET) or hydrogen-atom- transfer (HAT) processes. The reaction features, scopes, limitations, and mechanistic rationalisations are discussed in this account. We hope our studies will contribute to the future developments to broaden the scope of halogen-mediated electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lian
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Chengchu Zeng
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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16
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Wu S, Žurauskas J, Domański M, Hitzfeld PS, Butera V, Scott DJ, Rehbein J, Kumar A, Thyrhaug E, Hauer J, Barham JP. Hole-mediated photoredox catalysis: tris(p-substituted)biarylaminium radical cations as tunable, precomplexing and potent photooxidants. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01609h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Triarylamines are demonstrated as novel, tunable electroactivated photocatalysts that use dispersion precomplexation to harness the full potential of the visible photon (>4.0 V vs. SCE) in anti-Kasha photo(electro)chemical super-oxidations of arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangze Wu
- Universität Regensburg
- Fakültat für Chemie und Pharmazie
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Jonas Žurauskas
- Universität Regensburg
- Fakültat für Chemie und Pharmazie
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Michał Domański
- Universität Regensburg
- Fakültat für Chemie und Pharmazie
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Patrick S. Hitzfeld
- Universität Regensburg
- Fakültat für Chemie und Pharmazie
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Valeria Butera
- Central European Institute of Technology
- CEITEC
- 61200 Brno
- Czech Republic
| | - Daniel J. Scott
- Universität Regensburg
- Fakültat für Chemie und Pharmazie
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Julia Rehbein
- Universität Regensburg
- Fakültat für Chemie und Pharmazie
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Ajeet Kumar
- Technische Universität München
- Fakültat für Chemie
- 85748 Garching b. München
- Germany
| | - Erling Thyrhaug
- Technische Universität München
- Fakültat für Chemie
- 85748 Garching b. München
- Germany
| | - Jürgen Hauer
- Technische Universität München
- Fakültat für Chemie
- 85748 Garching b. München
- Germany
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Universität Regensburg
- Fakültat für Chemie und Pharmazie
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmi P. Bhaskaran
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Mangalore, Surathkal 575025 India
| | - Beneesh P. Babu
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Mangalore, Surathkal 575025 India
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18
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Qadir MI, Zanatta M, Pinto J, Vicente I, Gual A, Smith EF, Neto BAD, de Souza PEN, Khan S, Dupont J, Alves Fernandes J. Reverse Semi-Combustion Driven by Titanium Dioxide-Ionic Liquid Hybrid Photocatalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5580-5585. [PMID: 33448661 PMCID: PMC7692890 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented metal-free photocatalytic CO2 conversion to CO (up to 228±48 μmol g-1 h-1) was displayed by TiO2@IL hybrid photocatalysts prepared by simple impregnation of commercially available P25-titanium dioxide with imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs). The high activity of TiO2@IL hybrid photocatalysts was mainly associated to (i) TiO2@IL red shift compared to the pure TiO2 absorption, and thus a modification of the TiO2 surface electronic structure; (ii) TiO2 with IL bearing imidazolate anions lowered the CO2 activation energy barrier. The reaction mechanism was postulated to occur via CO2 photoreduction to formate species by the imidazole/imidazole radical redox pair, yielding CO and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad I. Qadir
- Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Rio Grande do SulCampus AgronomiaPorto Alegre90650-001Brazil
- Department of NanocatalysisJ. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of SciencesDolejškova 2155/318223Prague 8Czech Republic
| | - Marcileia Zanatta
- Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Rio Grande do SulCampus AgronomiaPorto Alegre90650-001Brazil
- i3N|Cenimat, Department of Materials ScienceNOVA School of Science and TechnologyNOVA University Lisbon2829-516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Jose Pinto
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUnited Kingdom
| | - Isabel Vicente
- Unitat de Tecnologíe QuímiquesEURECATTarragona43007Spain
| | - Aitor Gual
- Unitat de Tecnologíe QuímiquesEURECATTarragona43007Spain
| | - Emily F. Smith
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUnited Kingdom
| | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Institute of chemistryUniversity of BrasíliaCampus Universitário Darcy RibeiroBrasília70904-970Brazil
| | - Paulo E. N. de Souza
- Institute of PhysicsUniversity of BrasíliaCampus Universitário Darcy RibeiroBrasília70904-970Brazil
| | - Sherdil Khan
- Institute of PhysicsFederal University of Rio Grande do SulCampus AgronomiaPorto Alegre90650-001Brazil
| | - Jairton Dupont
- Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Rio Grande do SulCampus AgronomiaPorto Alegre90650-001Brazil
| | - Jesum Alves Fernandes
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUnited Kingdom
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19
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Barham JP, König B. Synthetic Photoelectrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11732-11747. [PMID: 31805216 PMCID: PMC7383880 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis (PRC) and synthetic organic electrochemistry (SOE) are often considered competing technologies in organic synthesis. Their fusion has been largely overlooked. We review state-of-the-art synthetic organic photoelectrochemistry, grouping examples into three categories: 1) electrochemically mediated photoredox catalysis (e-PRC), 2) decoupled photoelectrochemistry (dPEC), and 3) interfacial photoelectrochemistry (iPEC). Such synergies prove beneficial not only for synthetic "greenness" and chemical selectivity, but also in the accumulation of energy for accessing super-oxidizing or -reducing single electron transfer (SET) agents. Opportunities and challenges in this emerging and exciting field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Barham
- Universität RegensburgFakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Burkhard König
- Universität RegensburgFakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie93040RegensburgGermany
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20
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Xu P, Chen P, Xu H. Scalable Photoelectrochemical Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling of Heteroarenes with Aliphatic C−H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14275-14280. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province iChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Peng‐Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province iChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province iChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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21
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Xu P, Chen P, Xu H. Scalable Photoelectrochemical Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling of Heteroarenes with Aliphatic C−H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province iChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Peng‐Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province iChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province iChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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22
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Lai X, Shu X, Song J, Xu H. Electrophotocatalytic Decarboxylative C−H Functionalization of Heteroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Li Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Min Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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23
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Lai X, Shu X, Song J, Xu H. Electrophotocatalytic Decarboxylative C−H Functionalization of Heteroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10626-10632. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Li Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Min Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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24
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Hardwick T, Qurashi A, Shirinfar B, Ahmed N. Interfacial Photoelectrochemical Catalysis: Solar-Induced Green Synthesis of Organic Molecules. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:1967-1973. [PMID: 32100961 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many oxidation and reduction reactions in conventional organic synthesis rely on harsh conditions, toxic or corrosive substances, and environmentally damaging chemicals. In addition, competing reactions may take place, some of which produce hazardous waste products and, therefore, reaction selectivity suffers. To overcome such synthetic drawbacks, an enormous effort is being devoted to find alternative processes that operate much more efficiently, requiring milder conditions to contribute to a greener economy and provide urgently needed new pathways with enhanced selectivity. Fortunately, there is a strategy that has attracted global interest from multiple disciplines that involves the use of sunlight to perform artificial photosynthesis, in which a photoelectrochemical cell splits water into hydrogen fuel, reduces CO2 into "solar" fuels, and more recently, convert organic chemicals into higher value products. Recently, photoanode and photocathode materials have emerged as useful tools to perform organic oxidations and reductions for the synthesis of important molecules, other than just hydrogen or oxygen. Whereas many studies have focused on the degradation of unwanted and dangerous chemicals, solar-induced organic transformations have attracted much less attention. This Minireview summarizes some of latest research efforts in using photoelectrochemical cells to facilitate organic oxidation and reduction reactions to avoid valuable substances while avoiding toxic reagents and expensive precious metal catalysts. Future developments that will enable such technologies to broaden their scope are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Hardwick
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ahsanulhaq Qurashi
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University (KU), Main Campus, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bahareh Shirinfar
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Barham
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Burkhard König
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
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26
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Capaldo L, Ravelli D. The Dark Side of Photocatalysis: One Thousand Ways to Close the Cycle. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Capaldo
- PhotoGreen Lab; Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen Lab; Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
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27
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Yu Y, Zhong J, Xu K, Yuan Y, Ye K. Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Synthesis and Functionalization of Indole Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun‐Song Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Xu
- Key Laboratory for Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Ke‐Yin Ye
- Key Laboratory for Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
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