1
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Bilanin C, Singh AS, Martínez-Belenguer L, Leyva-Pérez A. One-Pot Synthesis of Terminal Alkynes from Alkenes. JACS AU 2024; 4:3284-3294. [PMID: 39211598 PMCID: PMC11350724 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The direct synthesis of terminal alkynes from widely available terminal alkenes is an unmet challenge in organic synthesis. Here, we show that alkyl and aromatic terminal alkenes can be converted to the corresponding alkynes in a one-pot process consisting of a Ru-catalyzed dehydrogenative hydrosilylation, followed by an oxidative dehydrogenative reaction of the vinyl silane intermediate, enabled by the combination of PhIO with BF3. This formal alkene dehydrogenation reaction with commercially available reagents and under mild reaction conditions gives access to terminal alkynes in a simple manner, including acetylene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lluis Martínez-Belenguer
- Instituto de Tecnología
Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica
de València-Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Avda.
de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Leyva-Pérez
- Instituto de Tecnología
Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica
de València-Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Avda.
de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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2
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Targos K, Gogoi AR, Ángel Rentería-Gómez, Kim MJ, Gutierrez O, Wickens ZK. Mechanism of Z-Selective Allylic Functionalization via Thianthrenium Salts. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13689-13696. [PMID: 38739163 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
A detailed mechanistic study of the Z-selective allylic functionalization via thianthrenium salts is presented. Kinetic analyses, deuterium labeling experiments, and computational methods are used to rationalize the observed reactivity and selectivity. We find that the reaction proceeds via a rate-determining and stereodetermining allylic deprotonation of an alkenylthianthrenium species. The Z-configuration of the resultant allylic ylide is translated into the Z-allylic amine product through a sequence of subsequent fast and irreversible steps: protonation to form a Z-allylic thianthrenium electrophile and then regioselective substitution by the nucleophile. In the stereodetermining deprotonation step, computational studies identified a series of stabilizing nonbonding interactions in the Z-alkene-forming transition state that contribute to the stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Targos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Achyut R Gogoi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ángel Rentería-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Zachary K Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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3
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Mendel M, Gnägi L, Dabranskaya U, Schoenebeck F. Rapid and Modular Access to Vinyl Cyclopropanes Enabled by Air-stable Palladium(I) Dimer Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211167. [PMID: 36226918 PMCID: PMC10107780 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While vinyl cyclopropanes are valuable functional groups in drugs or natural products as well as established precursors to trigger a rich variety of synthetic transformations, their reactive nature can make their installation via direct catalytic approaches challenging. We herein present a modular access to (di)vinyl cyclopropanes under very mild conditions and full conservation of stereochemistry, allowing access to the cis or trans cyclopropane- as well as E or Z vinyl-stereochemical relationships. Our protocol relies on air-stable dinuclear PdI catalysis, which enables rapid (<30 min) and selective access to a diverse range of vinyl cyclopropane motifs at room temperature, even on gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Mendel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Gnägi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uladzislava Dabranskaya
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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4
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Angyal P, Kotschy AM, Dudás Á, Varga S, Soós T. Intertwining Olefin Thianthrenation with Kornblum/Ganem Oxidations: Ene-type Oxidation to Furnish α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214096. [PMID: 36408745 PMCID: PMC10108043 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A widely applicable, practical, and scalable synthetic method for efficient ene-type double oxidation of alkenes is reported via a two-step alkenyl thianthrenium umpolung/Kornblum-Ganem oxidation strategy. This chemo- and stereoselective procedure allows easy access to various α,β-unsaturated carbonyls that may be otherwise difficult or cumbersome to synthesize by conventional methods. For α-olefins, this metal-free transformation can be tuned according to synthetic needs to produce either the elusive (Z)-unsaturated aldehydes or their (E) counterparts. Moreover, this strategy has enabled streamlined synthesis of distinct butadienyl pheromones and kairomones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Angyal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András M Kotschy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dudás
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Varga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Soós
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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5
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Ye Y, Zhu J, Xie H, Huang Y. Rhodium‐Catalyzed Divergent Arylation of Alkenylsulfonium Salts with Arylboroxines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212522. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ye
- College of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology Ministry of Education Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- College of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology Ministry of Education Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd. Hangzhou Zhejiang 310003 P. R. China
| | - Yinhua Huang
- College of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology Ministry of Education Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
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6
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Liu M, Du H, Cui J, Shu W. Intermolecular Metal‐Free Cyclopropanation and Aziridination of Alkenes with XH
2
(X=N, C) by Thianthrenation**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209929. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Shang Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Hai‐Wu Du
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Jian‐Fang Cui
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Wei Shu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University 300071 Tianjin P.R. China
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7
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Swager TM, Etkind SI. The Properties, Synthesis, and Materials Applications of 1,4-Dithiins and Thianthrenes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract1,4-Dithiin and its dibenzo-analogue, thianthrene, represent a class of non-aromatic, sulfur-rich heterocycles. Their unique properties, stemming from both their non-planar structures and reversible one- and two-electron oxidations, serve as primary motivators for their use in the development of new materials. The applications of 1,4-dithiins and thianthrenes are rich and diverse, having been used for energy storage and harvesting, and the synthesis of phosphorescent compounds and porous polymers, among other uses. This review offers first an overview of the properties of 1,4-dithiin and thianthrene. Next, we describe enabling synthetic methodology to access 1,4-dithiins and thianthrenes with various substitution patterns. Lastly, the utility of 1,4-dithiin and thianthrene in the construction and design of new materials is detailed using select literature examples.1 Introduction2 Properties of 1,4-Dithiins and Thianthrenes3 Synthesis of 1,4-Dithiins and Thianthrenes3.1 Synthesis of 1,4-Dithiins3.2 Synthesis of Thianthrenes4 Application of 1,4-Dithiins and Thianthrenes in Materials4.1 Thianthrene-Containing Polymers4.2 Thianthrene in Redox-Active Materials4.3 Thianthrenes and 1,4-Dithiins in Supramolecular Chemistry and Self-Assembly4.4 Thianthrenes in Phosphorescent Materials4.5 Thianthrenes with Other Interesting Photophysical Properties4.6 Thianthrenes in the Synthesis of Non-natural Products5 Conclusion
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8
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Liu MS, Du HW, Cui JF, Shu W. Intermolecular Metal‐Free Cyclopropanation and Aziridination of Alkenes with XH2 (X = N, C) by Thianthrenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shang Liu
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | - Hai-Wu Du
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | - Jian-Fang Cui
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | - Wei Shu
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry Room 5-505, 1088 Xueyuan Road 518055 Shenzhen CHINA
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9
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He Y, Huang Z, Ma J, Lin J, Zhou YG, Yu Z. Transition‐Metal‐Free Olefinic C−H Azidoalkylthiolation via C(sp<sup>3</sup>)−S Bond Cleavage of Vinylsulfonium Salts. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA
| | | | - Juan Ma
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics CHINA
| | - Jie Lin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics CHINA
| | | | - Zhengkun Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA
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10
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Guo LY, Li Q, liu Y, Li L, Ni Y, Li Y, Pan F. Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkynylation of Alkenes via C‐H Activation for the Preparation of Conjugated 1,3‐Enynes. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing Li
- Sichuan Normal University CHINA
| | | | - Lin Li
- Sichuan Normal University CHINA
| | | | - Yang Li
- Sichuan Normal University CHINA
| | - Fei Pan
- Sichuan Normal University CHINA
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11
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Kafuta K, Rugen CJ, Heilmann T, Liu T, Golz C, Alcarazo M. Reactivity of 5-(Alkynyl)dibenzothiophenium Salts: Synthesis of Diynes, Vinyl Sulfones, and Phenanthrenes. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:4038-4048. [PMID: 34588919 PMCID: PMC8453815 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of 5-(alkynyl)dibenzothiophenium salts 1 is explored in the presence of different nucleophiles, dienes, and under photochemical conditions. Reaction with lithium acetylides affords diynes in moderate yields; while depending on the substitution pattern, the reaction with sulfinates delivers either the alkyne transfer products, alkynyl sulfones, or β-(sulfonium) vinyl sulfones through addition to the C-C triple bond. Similar behavior is observed when tosylamines are used as nucleophiles. Salts of general formula 1 also react with dienes to render the corresponding Diels-Alder cycloadducts. The vinyl sulfonium salts obtained by these routes further react with nucleophiles through a Michael addition, dibenzothiophene elimination sequence. Alternatively, they also engage in photoinduced radical cyclizations to produce substituted phenanthrenes. Attempts to use this specific addition/radical cyclization sequence for the construction of the 6a,7-dehydroaporphine skeleton present in several families of alkaloids are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kafuta
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstr 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Christian J. Rugen
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstr 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Tobias Heilmann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstr 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstr 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstr 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstr 237077GöttingenGermany
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12
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von Wolff N, Robert M. Taming Electron Transfers: From Breaking Bonds to Creating Molecules. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2095-2106. [PMID: 34235842 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The electron is the ultimate redox reagent to build and reshape molecular structures. Understanding and controlling the parameters underlying dissociative electron transfer (DET) reactivity and its coupling with proton transfer is crucial for combining selectivity, kinetics and energy efficiency in molecular chemistry. Reactivity understanding and mechanistic elements in DET processes are traced back and key examples of current research efforts are presented, demonstrating a large variety of applications. The involvement of DET pathways indeed encompasses a broad range of processes such as photoredox catalysis, CO2 reduction and alcohol oxidation. Interplay between these experimental examples and fundamental mechanistic study provides a powerful path to the understanding of driving force-rate relationships, which is crucial for the development of future generations of energy efficient catalytic schemes in redox organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas von Wolff
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Électrocimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Marc Robert
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Électrocimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005, Paris, France
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13
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Abstract
AbstractThe high abundance of C–H bonds in organic molecules makes C–H functionalization a powerful approach to quickly increase the complexity of an organic molecule. However, the high abundance of C–H bonds also provides a challenge to C–H functionalization reactions: selectivity. While most C–H functionalization reactions produce mixtures of different products for most substrates, we have developed a highly selective method for aromatic C–H functionalization via sulfonium salts. The reaction does not require a certain directing group to be selective. The introduced functional group is a sulfonium group, which participates in various follow-up reactions such as palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and photoredox catalysis. Here we discuss our pathway to develop the reaction as well as its scope and utility.1 Introduction2 Site-Selective Synthesis of Sulfonium Salts3 Sulfonium Salts in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling4 Sulfonium Salts in Photoredox Catalysis5 Sulfur(IV) Reductive Elimination6 Cine Substitution7 Conclusion
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14
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Yorimitsu H. Catalytic Transformations of Sulfonium Salts via C‐S Bond Activation. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3356-3369. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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15
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Yang X, Chang D, Zhao R, Shi L. Recent Advances and Uses of (Me
4
N)XCF
3
(X=S, Se) in the Synthesis of Trifluoromethylthiolated and Trifluoromethylselenolated Compounds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi‐Hui Yang
- School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Denghu Chang
- School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhao
- School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University 300071 Tianjin P. R. China
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16
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Gao J, Feng J, Du D. Shining Light on C−S Bonds: Recent Advances in C−C Bond Formation Reactions via C−S Bond Cleavage under Photoredox Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3637-3659. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tong Jia Xiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tong Jia Xiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Ding Du
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tong Jia Xiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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17
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Abstract
This minireview aims to cover the developments over the past two decades in the chemistry of sulfonium salts. Specifically, insight is provided into the synthetic strategies available for the preparation of these compounds, the different reactivity patterns that are expected depending on their structural features or the reaction conditions applied, and the diversity of organic scaffolds that can thereby be synthesized. Additionally, the pros and cons derived from the use of sulfonium salts are presented and critically compared, when possible, in relation to reagents not based on sulfur but depicting similar reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei I. Kozhushkov
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg‐August‐Universität GöttingenTammannstr. 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg‐August‐Universität GöttingenTammannstr. 237077GöttingenGermany
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