Controllable Synthesis of Graphdiyne Nanoribbons

Two-Dimensional Carbon Graphdiyne: Advances in Fundamental and Application Research

Graphdiyne (GDY), a rising star of carbon allotropes, features a two-dimensional all-carbon network with the cohybridization of sp and sp² carbon atoms and represents a trend and research direction in the development of carbon materials. The sp/sp²-hybridized structure of GDY endows it with numerous advantages and advancements in controlled growth, assembly, and performance tuning, and many studies have shown that GDY has been a key material for innovation and development in the fields of catalysis, energy, photoelectric conversion, mode conversion and transformation of electronic devices, detectors, life sciences, etc. In the past ten years, the fundamental scientific issues related to GDY have been understood, showing differences from traditional carbon materials in controlled growth, chemical and physical properties and mechanisms, and attracting extensive attention from many scientists. GDY has gradually developed into one of the frontiers of chemistry and materials science, and has entered the rapid development period, producing large numbers of fundamental and applied research achievements in the fundamental and applied research of carbon materials. For the exploration of frontier scientific concepts and phenomena in carbon science research, there is great potential to promote progress in the fields of energy, catalysis, intelligent information, optoelectronics, and life sciences. In this review, the growth, self-assembly method, aggregation structure, chemical modification, and doping of GDY are shown, and the theoretical calculation and simulation and fundamental properties of GDY are also fully introduced. In particular, the applications of GDY and its formed aggregates in catalysis, energy storage, photoelectronic, biomedicine, environmental science, life science, detectors, and material separation are introduced.

Graphdiyne Electrochemistry: Progress and Perspectives

Graphdiyne, a carbon allotrope, was synthesized in 2010 for the first time. It consists of two acetylene bonds between adjacent benzene rings. Graphdiyne and its composites thus exhibit ultrahigh intrinsic electrochemical activities. As "star" electrode materials, they have been utilized for various electrochemical applications. With the aim of giving a full screen of graphdiyne electrochemistry, this review starts from the history of graphdiyne materials, followed by their structural and electrochemical features. Recent progress and achievements in the synthesis of graphdiyne materials and their composites are overviewed. Subsequently, various electrochemical applications of graphdiyne materials and their composites are summarized, covering those in the fields of electrochemical energy conversion, electrochemical energy storage, and electrochemical sensing. The perspectives of graphdiyne electrochemistry are also discussed and outlined.

Two-dimensional graphyne-graphene heterostructure for all-carbon transistors

Semiconducting graphyne is a two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotrope with high mobility, which is promising for next generation all-carbon field effect transistors (FETs). In this work, the electronic properties of van der Waals heterostructure consists of 2D graphyne and graphene (GY/G) were studied from first-principles calculations. It is found that the band dispersion of isolated graphene and graphyne remain intact after they were stacked together. Due to the charge transfer from graphene to graphyne, the Fermi level of the GY/G heterostructure crosses the VB of graphene and the CB of graphyne. As a result, n-type Ohmic contact with zero Schottky barrier height (SBH) is obtained in GY/G based FETs. Moreover, the electron tunneling from graphene to graphyne is found to be efficient. Therefore, excellent electron transport properties can be expected in GY/G based FETs. Lastly, it is demonstrated that the SBH in the GY/G heterostructure can be tune by applying a vertical external electric field or doping, and the transition from n-type to p-type contact can be realized. These results show that GY/G is potentially suitable for 2D FETs, and provide insights into the development of all-carbon electronic devices.

2D Graphdiyne: A Rising Star on the Horizon of Energy Conversion

Two-dimensional (2D) graphdiyne (GDY), a rapidly rising star on the horizon of carbon materials, is a new carbon allotrope featuring sp- and sp² -cohybridized carbon atoms and 2D one-atom-thick network. Since the first successful synthesis of GDY by Professor Li's group in 2010, GDY has attached great interests from both scientific and industrial viewpoints based on its unique structure and physicochemical properties, which provides a fertile ground for applications in various fields including electrocatalysis, energy conversion, energy storage and optoelectronic devices. In this work, various potential properties of the GDY-based electrocatalysts and their recent advances in energy conversion are reviewed, including atomic catalysts, heterogeneous catalysts, and metal-free catalysts. The critical role of GDY in improving catalytic activity and stability is analyzed. The perspectives of the challenges and opportunities faced by GDY-based materials for energy conversion are also outlined.

Post-modified Strategies of Graphdiyne for Electrochemical Applications

The new carbon material graphdiyne (GDY) has been verified to have a great application prospect in electrochemical field. In order to study its properties and expand its scope of application, various experiments including structural control tests are imposed on GDY. Among them, as one of the most commonly used methods to modify the structure, heteroatom doping is favored for its advantages in synthesis methods and the control of mechanical, electrical and even magnetic properties of carbon materials. According to the published studies, the top-down methods of doping heteroatoms for GDY only need cheap raw materials, simple synthetic route and strong controllability, which is conducive to rapid performance breakthroughs in electrochemical applications. This review selects the typical cases in the development of that post-modification method from the application of GDY in the electrochemical field. Here, based on the existed reports, the commonly used non-metal elements (such as nitrogen, sulfur) and metal elements (such as iron) have been introduced to post-modify GDY. Then, a detailed analysis is made for corresponding electrochemical applications, such as energy storage and electrocatalysis. Finally, the challenges and prospects of post-modified GDY in synthesis and electrochemical applications are proposed. This review provides us a useful guidance for the development of high-quality GDY suitable for electrochemical applications.

Silver incorporated into g-C3N4/Alginate as an efficient and heterogeneous catalyst for promoting click and A3 and KA2 coupling reaction

Fe3O4/g-C3N4/Alginate-Ag nanocomposite as a novel and effective nanocatalyst was successfully prepared. This nanocomposite was fully characterized using several techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, the catalytic activity of this novel and characterized nanocatalyst was investigated in the regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles via click reaction and A3 and KA2 coupling reaction in aqueous media. The prepared nanocatalyst was simply recovered by using an external magnet and reused for several times with a slight loss of catalytic activity.

Journey from Small-Molecule Diyne Structures to 2D Graphdiyne: Synthetic Strategies

Graphdiyne (GDY) exhibits unique characteristics of a highly conjugated π system, evenly distributed nanopores, and a direct band gap. This has encouraged multidisciplinary research groups to investigate its application in energy conversion and storage, catalysts, electronic devices, sensing, and separation. Herein, the achievements of synthetic strategies for preparing small-molecule diyne structures (GDY substructure), 1D nanoribbons, and 2D GDY are presented. These studies may help future investigations into the basic structure-related properties of GDY and synthetic methodology for the future developments of GDY-related 2D carbon materials.