1
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Kondinski A. Editorial: Innovators in chemistry: 2022. Front Chem 2024; 11:1352328. [PMID: 38260041 PMCID: PMC10801415 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1352328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Kondinski
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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2
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Sivagurunathan S, Marcotti S, Nelson CJ, Jones ML, Barry DJ, Slater TJA, Eliceiri KW, Cimini BA. Bridging imaging users to imaging analysis - A community survey. J Microsc 2023:10.1111/jmi.13229. [PMID: 37727897 PMCID: PMC10950841 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The 'Bridging Imaging Users to Imaging Analysis' survey was conducted in 2022 by the Center for Open Bioimage Analysis (COBA), BioImaging North America (BINA) and the Royal Microscopical Society Data Analysis in Imaging Section (RMS DAIM) to understand the needs of the imaging community. Through multichoice and open-ended questions, the survey inquired about demographics, image analysis experiences, future needs and suggestions on the role of tool developers and users. Participants of the survey were from diverse roles and domains of the life and physical sciences. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to survey cross-community to bridge knowledge gaps between physical and life sciences imaging. Survey results indicate that respondents' overarching needs are documentation, detailed tutorials on the usage of image analysis tools, user-friendly intuitive software, and better solutions for segmentation, ideally in a format tailored to their specific use cases. The tool creators suggested the users familiarise themselves with the fundamentals of image analysis, provide constant feedback and report the issues faced during image analysis while the users would like more documentation and an emphasis on tool friendliness. Regardless of the computational experience, there is a strong preference for 'written tutorials' to acquire knowledge on image analysis. We also observed that the interest in having 'office hours' to get an expert opinion on their image analysis methods has increased over the years. The results also showed less-than-expected usage of online discussion forums in the imaging community for solving image analysis problems. Surprisingly, we also observed a decreased interest among the survey respondents in deep/machine learning despite the increasing adoption of artificial intelligence in biology. In addition, the community suggests the need for a common repository for the available image analysis tools and their applications. The opinions and suggestions of the community, released here in full, will help the image analysis tool creation and education communities to design and deliver the resources accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Beth A Cimini
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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3
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Garden CLP. Beyond the Advanced Therapies Skills Training Network: An Instrumental Case Study of Life Sciences Skills Development for Biomedical Science Graduates in Scotland. Br J Biomed Sci 2023; 80:11654. [PMID: 37727229 PMCID: PMC10505648 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2023.11654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical sciences graduates are employed in a variety of different settings and form a significant part of the Life Sciences sector workforce in Scotland. Their degrees should equip them with the skills and knowledge to not only enter the workplace, but be adaptable in an environment that will inevitably change over the course of their careers. Industry and student feedback continue to identify perceived skills gaps, necessitating regular government-backed upskilling initiatives together with industry concerns about graduate readiness. For more than a decade, this Scottish Modern University has worked in partnership with industry and Scottish Government agencies to provide upskilling courses and incorporate relevant skills into the biomedical sciences curriculum, from problem solving and reflection to more applied, practical skills. Using the recent Advanced Therapies Skills Training Network collaboration as an instrumental case study this paper describes current best practice which has significantly impacted teaching and workplace training, ensuring biomedical sciences graduates have the knowledge and skills required for employment within the Life Science sector. Limits to the current life science skills model in Scotland are also identified (availability of placements, ad-hoc and inefficient collaborative structures, incompatible provider strategies) and recommendations made to ensure that biomedical sciences degrees continue to be part of a more sustainable, scalable solution to the skills gap. Recommendations include: better industry acknowledgement of accreditation, and more coherent, authentic and strategic collaboration which should improve skills advice and training, through a supported alliance between Industry and University Life Science Skills Committees and the establishment of regional training Centres of Excellence that would provide a focus for pooled resources and a simulated industry experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. P. Garden
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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4
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Abstract
In the last 2 decades, Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) has gained significant prominence as a powerful imaging technique in the field of life sciences. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth overview of recent advancements in ToF-SIMS instrument technology and its applications in metabolomics, lipidomics, and single-cell analysis. We highlight the use of ToF-SIMS imaging for studying lipid distribution, composition, and interactions in cells and tissues, and discuss its application in metabolomics, including the analysis of metabolic pathways. Furthermore, we review recent progress in single-cell analysis using ToF-SIMS, focusing on sample preparation techniques, in situ investigation for subcellular distribution of drugs, and interactions between drug molecules and biological targets. The high spatial resolution and potential for multimodal analysis of ToF-SIMS make it a promising tool for unraveling the complex molecular landscape of biological systems. We also discuss future prospects and potential advancements of ToF-SIMS in the research of life sciences, with the expectation of a significant impact in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Jia
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Zheng X, Chen S, Li J, Wu H, Zhang C, Zhang D, Chen X, Gao Y, He F, Hui L, Liu H, Jiu T, Wang N, Li G, Xu J, Xue Y, Huang C, Chen C, Guo Y, Lu TB, Wang D, Mao L, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Chi L, Guo W, Bu XH, Zhang H, Dai L, Zhao Y, Li Y. Two-Dimensional Carbon Graphdiyne: Advances in Fundamental and Application Research. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37471703 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Graphdiyne (GDY), a rising star of carbon allotropes, features a two-dimensional all-carbon network with the cohybridization of sp and sp2 carbon atoms and represents a trend and research direction in the development of carbon materials. The sp/sp2-hybridized structure of GDY endows it with numerous advantages and advancements in controlled growth, assembly, and performance tuning, and many studies have shown that GDY has been a key material for innovation and development in the fields of catalysis, energy, photoelectric conversion, mode conversion and transformation of electronic devices, detectors, life sciences, etc. In the past ten years, the fundamental scientific issues related to GDY have been understood, showing differences from traditional carbon materials in controlled growth, chemical and physical properties and mechanisms, and attracting extensive attention from many scientists. GDY has gradually developed into one of the frontiers of chemistry and materials science, and has entered the rapid development period, producing large numbers of fundamental and applied research achievements in the fundamental and applied research of carbon materials. For the exploration of frontier scientific concepts and phenomena in carbon science research, there is great potential to promote progress in the fields of energy, catalysis, intelligent information, optoelectronics, and life sciences. In this review, the growth, self-assembly method, aggregation structure, chemical modification, and doping of GDY are shown, and the theoretical calculation and simulation and fundamental properties of GDY are also fully introduced. In particular, the applications of GDY and its formed aggregates in catalysis, energy storage, photoelectronic, biomedicine, environmental science, life science, detectors, and material separation are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchen Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Siao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinze Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Han Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Danyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Feng He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lan Hui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Huibiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tonggang Jiu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Guoxing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yurui Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Changshui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanbing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Bu Lu
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering and Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Soochow University, Soochow 1215031, P. R. China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, P. R. China
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Liming Dai
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre (A-CMC), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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6
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Sivagurunathan S, Marcotti S, Nelson CJ, Jones ML, Barry DJ, Slater TJA, Eliceiri KW, Cimini BA. Bridging Imaging Users to Imaging Analysis - A community survey. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.05.543701. [PMID: 37333353 PMCID: PMC10274673 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.05.543701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The "Bridging Imaging Users to Imaging Analysis" survey was conducted in 2022 by the Center for Open Bioimage Analysis (COBA), Bioimaging North America (BINA), and the Royal Microscopical Society Data Analysis in Imaging Section (RMS DAIM) to understand the needs of the imaging community. Through multi-choice and open-ended questions, the survey inquired about demographics, image analysis experiences, future needs, and suggestions on the role of tool developers and users. Participants of the survey were from diverse roles and domains of the life and physical sciences. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to survey cross-community to bridge knowledge gaps between physical and life sciences imaging. Survey results indicate that respondents' overarching needs are documentation, detailed tutorials on the usage of image analysis tools, user-friendly intuitive software, and better solutions for segmentation, ideally in a format tailored to their specific use cases. The tool creators suggested the users familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of image analysis, provide constant feedback, and report the issues faced during image analysis while the users would like more documentation and an emphasis on tool friendliness. Regardless of the computational experience, there is a strong preference for 'written tutorials' to acquire knowledge on image analysis. We also observed that the interest in having 'office hours' to get an expert opinion on their image analysis methods has increased over the years. In addition, the community suggests the need for a common repository for the available image analysis tools and their applications. The opinions and suggestions of the community, released here in full, will help the image analysis tool creation and education communities to design and deliver the resources accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Beth A Cimini
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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7
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Huttin CC. Policies for life sciences and healthcare in the global health framework. Technol Health Care 2023:THC220609. [PMID: 36847031 DOI: 10.3233/thc-220609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At a time when welfare contracts are in crisis, it is timely to discuss different forms of disruptive innovation and responses of medical finance and economic systems, especially adjusting with new instruments for recovery and innovative solutions for health reforms. OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to propose some ways to develop a framework for policy changes affecting life science sectors and healthcare. It aims to analyze the types of relationships between health or medical systems and the economic systems. METHOD Medical systems used to be generally closed systems, but the new forms of delivery, especially with increase of telehealth and Mobile health (Mhealth) solutions (boosted by the COVID-19 pandemic, such as online consultations), have open traditional boundaries and generate more interactions with economic systems. It also led to new institutional arrangements at federal, national, or local levels, with different power games according to the history of institutions and cultural differences between countries. RESULTS Which system dynamics prevail will also depend on the political systems in place, for instance very innovative open innovation systems dominated by private players such as the USA empower individuals and favor intuitive and entrepreneurial states. On the other hand, systems historically dominated by socialized insurance or former communist countries, have investigated "attunements" or adaptation mechanisms in system intelligence. However, systemic changes are not only implemented by traditional rulers (government agencies, federal reserve banks) but also face the emergence of systemic platforms dominated by Big Tech players. The new agendas expressed for instance in the United Nation (UN) framework and the set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for climate change and sustainable growth, also require global adjustment of supply and demand, in a context where the traditional drug/vaccine split is challenged by the new technologies (e.g., mRNA technologies). Investment for drug research led to the development of COVID-19 vaccines, but also potential cancer vaccines. Finally, welfare economics is increasingly criticized among economist circles; it requires new design for global value assessment framework, facing growing inequalities and inter-generational challenges in aging populations. CONCLUSION This paper contributes to new models of developments and different frameworks for multiple stakeholders with major technological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Huttin
- Business and Economics of HealthCare, University Aix Marseille, Aix-en-Provence, France.,ENDEPUSresearch, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Endepluxco, SARLS, Kayl, Luxembourg
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8
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Fujio Y. [Human Resource Development in Pharmaceutical Sciences in the New Era of Life Science]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2023; 143:807-811. [PMID: 37779009 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Almost 20 years have passed since the six-year pharmaceutical education started as the standard educational course for pharmacists. The six-year pharmaceutical education was originally proposed to nurture the pharmacists who can play important roles in advanced medical care as part of the medical team. Importantly, recent advances in life science are providing additional scientific advantages for the graduates from the six-year pharmaceutical education system. In the new era of life science, clinical training in the six-year education will be beneficial not only for the clinical pharmacists but also for the pharmaceutical scientists. For example, in drug discovery research, numerous studies have been making efforts to identify therapeutic targets based on basic sciences so far. However, as a result of the innovation in life science, such as multi-omics analyses and molecular imaging, we can now perform patient-/disease-oriented research on molecular basis using clinical materials and information. Nowadays, with the help of data science, we can understand the pathophysiological status of individual patients and optimize pharmacotherapy from viewpoint of molecular biology in clinical setting. Moreover, in drug discovery research, we can explore and identify the drug targets by analyzing clinical samples and medical records. Thus, learning from the bedside in detail will develop future leaders, including pharmacists, scientists and pharmacist-scientists, who will pave the way for pharmaceutical sciences in the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Fujio
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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9
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Assessment of Knowledge and Attitudes on Genetically Modified Foods Among Students Studying Life Sciences. Cureus 2022; 14:e32744. [PMID: 36686112 PMCID: PMC9851409 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic engineering has stimulated interest in a range of fields, including agribusiness, food technology, food product development, and nutrition. Even though the public opinion on genetically modified (GM) goods is polarizing, the majority of experts believe that the advantages outweigh any potential risks, if at all there are any. As a result, the role of science education is to prepare students to be citizens who have a fundamental understanding of genetic engineering. As the students of life sciences are the future scientific experts and scholars who progress in the subject of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), they need to have correct knowledge of GMOs, GM foods, and appropriate attitudes regarding the same. METHODOLOGY To investigate the knowledge and attitudes of life-sciences university students (n= 203) concerning GM foods, a cross-sectional observational survey-based study was carried out by administering a structured questionnaire across three disciplines of life sciences - Biotechnology, Food Technology, and Nutrition for undergraduates, postgraduates, and post-graduate diploma students. The scores for knowledge and attitudes were divided into tertiles as high, moderate, and low scores. RESULTS 88.2% of the participants agreed to have read about GMOs in their curriculum and 76.8% had defined GM foods correctly. When the participants were categorized into tertiles, it was observed that out of all the high scorers, 45.5% were food technology majors and 43% were biotechnology majors and only 11.3% were nutrition majors. 63.1% of students were found to be in favor of GMOs and GM foods and had a positive attitude toward them. There was a moderately positive association of knowledge levels with attitudes toward GMOs and GM foods (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION Although in general, the life-sciences students had the basic knowledge of GMOs and GM foods, the food technology, and biotechnology majors had better knowledge about GMOs and GM foods as compared to nutrition majors. The attitude scores were directly proportional to knowledge scores which emphasizes the need for robust science education on comprehending the topic better. Incorporating a GM-related curriculum for nutrition discipline can help students learn better about the issues surrounding transgenic technology, food safety, and nutrition.
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10
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Perić M, Bataveljić D, Bijelić D, Milićević K, Andjus PR, Bogdanović Pristov J, Nikolić L. Approach for patch-clamping using an upright microscope with z-axis movable stage. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2095-2104. [PMID: 35088507 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We describe an approach for studying the physiology of single live cells using the conceptionally novel upright microscope/patch-clamp configuration. Electrophysiology experiments typically require a microscope with the fixed stage position and the motion control of the microscope objective. Here, we demonstrate that a microscope with a z-axis movable stage and a fixed objective can also be efficiently used in combination with the patch-clamp technique. We define a set of underlying principles governing the operation of this microscope/patch-clamp configuration and demonstrate its performance in practice using cultured astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Experimental results show that our custom configuration provides stable recordings, has a high success rate of the whole-cell patch-clamp trials, can be effectively applied to study cellular physiology of glial cells, and provides comparable performance and usability to the commercially available systems. Our system can be easily replicated or adapted to suit the needs of the research groups and can be cost-effective in reducing the investments in purchasing additional equipment. We provide step-by-step instructions on implementing an upright microscope with z-axis movable stage as a routine workhorse for patch-clamping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Perić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Center for Laser Microscopy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Bataveljić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Center for Laser Microscopy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dunja Bijelić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Center for Laser Microscopy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Milićević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Center for Laser Microscopy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle R Andjus
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Center for Laser Microscopy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Bogdanović Pristov
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Life Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Nikolić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Neurophysiology, Belgrade, Serbia
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11
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Manetta A. From bench to bedside: three imperatives for making the digital laboratory a reality. Biotechniques 2021. [PMID: 34841887 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2021-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Xu Y, Liu X, Cao X, Huang C, Liu E, Qian S, Liu X, Wu Y, Dong F, Qiu CW, Qiu J, Hua K, Su W, Wu J, Xu H, Han Y, Fu C, Yin Z, Liu M, Roepman R, Dietmann S, Virta M, Kengara F, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Zhao T, Dai J, Yang J, Lan L, Luo M, Liu Z, An T, Zhang B, He X, Cong S, Liu X, Zhang W, Lewis JP, Tiedje JM, Wang Q, An Z, Wang F, Zhang L, Huang T, Lu C, Cai Z, Wang F, Zhang J. Artificial intelligence: A powerful paradigm for scientific research. Innovation (N Y) 2021; 2:100179. [PMID: 34877560 PMCID: PMC8633405 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) coupled with promising machine learning (ML) techniques well known from computer science is broadly affecting many aspects of various fields including science and technology, industry, and even our day-to-day life. The ML techniques have been developed to analyze high-throughput data with a view to obtaining useful insights, categorizing, predicting, and making evidence-based decisions in novel ways, which will promote the growth of novel applications and fuel the sustainable booming of AI. This paper undertakes a comprehensive survey on the development and application of AI in different aspects of fundamental sciences, including information science, mathematics, medical science, materials science, geoscience, life science, physics, and chemistry. The challenges that each discipline of science meets, and the potentials of AI techniques to handle these challenges, are discussed in detail. Moreover, we shed light on new research trends entailing the integration of AI into each scientific discipline. The aim of this paper is to provide a broad research guideline on fundamental sciences with potential infusion of AI, to help motivate researchers to deeply understand the state-of-the-art applications of AI-based fundamental sciences, and thereby to help promote the continuous development of these fundamental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Xu
- Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Changping Huang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Enke Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Sen Qian
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengliang Dong
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Junjun Qiu
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Keqin Hua
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wentao Su
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, and School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huiyu Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Han
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chenguang Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhigang Yin
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Medical Center, Radboud University, 6500 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Institute for Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marko Virta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fredrick Kengara
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Bomet University College, Bomet 20400, Kenya
| | - Ze Zhang
- Agriculture College of Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Lifu Zhang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- Agriculture College of Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Taolan Zhao
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ji Dai
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | | | - Liang Lan
- Department of Communication Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Luo
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhaofeng Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao An
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiao He
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shan Cong
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - James P. Lewis
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - James M. Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhulin An
- Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chuan Lu
- Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3FL, UK
| | - Zhipeng Cai
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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13
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Neubert S, Roddelkopf T, Al-Okby MFR, Junginger S, Thurow K. Flexible IoT Gas Sensor Node for Automated Life Science Environments Using Stationary and Mobile Robots. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:7347. [PMID: 34770653 DOI: 10.3390/s21217347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years the degree of automation in life science laboratories increased considerably by introducing stationary and mobile robots. This trend requires intensified considerations of the occupational safety for cooperating humans, since the robots operate with low volatile compounds that partially emit hazardous vapors, which especially do arise if accidents or leakages occur. For the fast detection of such or similar situations a modular IoT-sensor node was developed. The sensor node consists of four hardware layers, which can be configured individually regarding basic functionality and measured parameters for varying application focuses. In this paper the sensor node is equipped with two gas sensors (BME688, SGP30) for a continuous TVOC measurement. In investigations under controlled laboratory conditions the general sensors’ behavior regarding different VOCs and varying installation conditions are performed. In practical investigations the sensor node’s integration into simple laboratory applications using stationary and mobile robots is shown and examined. The investigation results show that the selected sensors are suitable for the early detection of solvent vapors in life science laboratories. The sensor response and thus the system’s applicability depends on the used compounds, the distance between sensor node and vapor source as well as the speed of the automation systems.
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14
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Johnson D, Batista D, Cochrane K, Davey RP, Etuk A, Gonzalez-Beltran A, Haug K, Izzo M, Larralde M, Lawson TN, Minotto A, Moreno P, Nainala VC, O'Donovan C, Pireddu L, Roger P, Shaw F, Steinbeck C, Weber RJM, Sansone SA, Rocca-Serra P. ISA API: An open platform for interoperable life science experimental metadata. Gigascience 2021; 10:giab060. [PMID: 34528664 PMCID: PMC8444265 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Investigation/Study/Assay (ISA) Metadata Framework is an established and widely used set of open source community specifications and software tools for enabling discovery, exchange, and publication of metadata from experiments in the life sciences. The original ISA software suite provided a set of user-facing Java tools for creating and manipulating the information structured in ISA-Tab-a now widely used tabular format. To make the ISA framework more accessible to machines and enable programmatic manipulation of experiment metadata, the JSON serialization ISA-JSON was developed. RESULTS In this work, we present the ISA API, a Python library for the creation, editing, parsing, and validating of ISA-Tab and ISA-JSON formats by using a common data model engineered as Python object classes. We describe the ISA API feature set, early adopters, and its growing user community. CONCLUSIONS The ISA API provides users with rich programmatic metadata-handling functionality to support automation, a common interface, and an interoperable medium between the 2 ISA formats, as well as with other life science data formats required for depositing data in public databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Johnson
- Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3QG, UK
- Department of Informatics and Media, Uppsala University, Box 513, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dominique Batista
- Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3QG, UK
| | - Keeva Cochrane
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Robert P Davey
- Earlham Institute, Data infrastructure and algorithms, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Anthony Etuk
- Earlham Institute, Data infrastructure and algorithms, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran
- Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3QG, UK
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Scientific Computing Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Kenneth Haug
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
- Genome Research Limited, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Saffron Walden, CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - Massimiliano Izzo
- Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3QG, UK
| | - Martin Larralde
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas N Lawson
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alice Minotto
- Earlham Institute, Data infrastructure and algorithms, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Pablo Moreno
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Venkata Chandrasekhar Nainala
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Claire O'Donovan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Luca Pireddu
- Distributed Computing Group, CRS4: Center for Advanced Studies, Research & Development in Sardinia, Pula 09050, Italy
| | - Pierrick Roger
- CEA, LIST, Laboratory for Data Analysis and Systems’ Intelligence, MetaboHUB, Gif-Sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - Felix Shaw
- Earlham Institute, Data infrastructure and algorithms, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Christoph Steinbeck
- Cheminformatics and Computational Metabolomics, Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf J M Weber
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Susanna-Assunta Sansone
- Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3QG, UK
| | - Philippe Rocca-Serra
- Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3QG, UK
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15
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Abstract
Expectations of fair competition underlie the assumption that academia is a meritocracy. However, bias may reinforce gender inequality in peer review processes, unfairly eliminating outstanding individuals. Here, we ask whether applicant gender biases peer review in a country top ranked for gender equality. We analyzed peer review assessments for recruitment grants at a Swedish medical university, Karolinska Institutet (KI), during four consecutive years (2014-2017) for Assistant Professor (n = 207) and Senior Researcher (n = 153). We derived a composite bibliometric score to quantify applicant productivity and compared this score with subjective external (non-KI) peer reviewer scores of applicants' merits to test their association for men and women, separately. To determine whether there was gender segregation in research fields, we analyzed publication list MeSH terms, for men and women, and analyzed their overlap. There was no gendered MeSH topic segregation, yet men and women with equal merits are scored unequally by reviewers. Men receive external reviewer scores resulting in stronger associations (steeper slopes) between computed productivity and subjective external reviewer scores, meaning that peer reviewers "reward" men's productivity with proportional merit scores. However, women applying for assistant professor or senior researcher receive only 32 or 92% of the score men receive, respectively, for each additional composite bibliometric score point. As productivity increases, the differences in merit scores between men and women increases. Accumulating gender bias is thus quantifiable and impacts the highest tier of competition, the pool from which successful candidates are ultimately chosen. Track record can be computed, and granting organizations could therefore implement a computed track record as quality control to assess whether bias affects reviewer assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rachel Andersson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina E. Hagberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Abstract
Fast-paced innovations in imaging have resulted in single systems producing exponential amounts of data to be analyzed. Computational methods developed in computer science labs have proven to be crucial for analyzing these data in an unbiased and efficient manner, reaching a prominent role in most microscopy studies. Still, their use usually requires expertise in bioimage analysis, and their accessibility for life scientists has therefore become a bottleneck. Open-source software for bioimage analysis has developed to disseminate these computational methods to a wider audience, and to life scientists in particular. In recent years, the influence of many open-source tools has grown tremendously, helping tens of thousands of life scientists in the process. As creators of successful open-source bioimage analysis software, we here discuss the motivations that can initiate development of a new tool, the common challenges faced, and the characteristics required for achieving success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Levet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, 33000, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Anne E Carpenter
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna Kreshuk
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bankhead
- Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert Haase
- DFG Cluster of Excellence "Physics of Life", TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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17
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Abstract
Current data generation capabilities in the life sciences render scientists in an apparently contradicting situation. While it is possible to simultaneously measure an ever-increasing number of systems parameters, the resulting data are becoming increasingly difficult to interpret. Latent variable modeling allows for such interpretation by learning non-measurable hidden variables from observations. This review gives an overview over the different formal approaches to latent variable modeling, as well as applications at different scales of biological systems, such as molecular structures, intra- and intercellular regulatory up to physiological networks. The focus is on demonstrating how these approaches have enabled interpretable representations and ultimately insights in each of these domains. We anticipate that a wider dissemination of latent variable modeling in the life sciences will enable a more effective and productive interpretation of studies based on heterogeneous and high-dimensional data modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Claassen
- Division of Clinical Bioinformatics, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Computer Science Department, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Machine Learning (EXC 2064), Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Park J, Koo K, Noh N, Chang JH, Cheong JY, Dae KS, Park JS, Ji S, Kim ID, Yuk JM. Graphene Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy: Progress, Applications, and Perspectives. ACS Nano 2021; 15:288-308. [PMID: 33395264 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene liquid cell electron microscopy (GLC-EM), a cutting-edge liquid-phase EM technique, has become a powerful tool to directly visualize wet biological samples and the microstructural dynamics of nanomaterials in liquids. GLC uses graphene sheets with a one carbon atom thickness as a viewing window and a liquid container. As a result, GLC facilitates atomic-scale observation while sustaining intact liquids inside an ultra-high-vacuum transmission electron microscopy chamber. Using GLC-EM, diverse scientific results have been recently reported in the material, colloidal, environmental, and life science fields. Here, the developments of GLC fabrications, such as first-generation veil-type cells, second-generation well-type cells, and third-generation liquid-flowing cells, are summarized. Moreover, recent GLC-EM studies on colloidal nanoparticles, battery electrodes, mineralization, and wet biological samples are also highlighted. Finally, the considerations and future opportunities associated with GLC-EM are discussed to offer broad understanding and insight on atomic-resolution imaging in liquid-state dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungjae Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunmo Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Namgyu Noh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Cheong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Seong Dae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Yuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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19
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Nguyen KA, Lucas C, Leadbeatter D. Student generation and peer review of examination questions in the dental curriculum: Enhancing student engagement and learning. Eur J Dent Educ 2020; 24:548-558. [PMID: 32347592 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Writing, sharing, answering, discussing and rating examination questions are a way to involve students in creating content and applying their knowledge. The PeerWise online question-setting platform facilitates student communities in this activity. This mixed-methods study asks the question: Does students' writing and answering examination questions enhance their engagement and learning of Neurology as a Life Science topic? METHODS Over a 2-year period, self-assembled groups of 3-4 students submitted 1-2 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) every 2 weeks into the PeerWise portal for review by their peers. Summative examination results were compared with previous year's control group. Data were also collected regarding student engagement (number of MCQs answered or submitted comments) are compared to summative assessment results at the end of semester. Post-intervention student satisfaction surveys were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively to assess the effectiveness of the exercise. RESULTS With 174 and 80 student participants in intervention and control groups, respectively, no statistical difference was found in the average marks between the cohorts. However, within intervention group, positive correlation (Spearman's r = .272-.333) was found between higher level of student engagement with PeerWise and higher examination result. Positive correlation remained persistent after completion of the PeerWise exercise. Student survey revealed greater engagement with subject content, and qualitative thematic analysis was mapped to define various ways students engaged with the PeerWise activity. CONCLUSION Tasking students to regularly generate and review MCQs enhances engagement with the topic, and higher engagement with PeerWise correlating to higher examination scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ky-Anh Nguyen
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, Australia
| | - Cherie Lucas
- Graduate School of Health (Discipline of Pharmacy), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Delyse Leadbeatter
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Cimini BA, Nørrelykke SF, Louveaux M, Sladoje N, Paul-Gilloteaux P, Colombelli J, Miura K. The NEUBIAS Gateway: a hub for bioimage analysis methods and materials. F1000Res 2020; 9:613. [PMID: 32595963 PMCID: PMC7308948 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.24759.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce the NEUBIAS Gateway, a new platform for publishing materials related to bioimage analysis, an interdisciplinary field bridging computer science and life sciences. This emerging field has been lacking a central place to share the efforts of the growing group of scientists addressing biological questions using image data. The Gateway welcomes a wide range of publication formats including articles, reviews, reports and training materials. We hope the Gateway further supports this important field to grow and helps more biologists and computational scientists learn about and contribute to these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Cimini
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Nataša Sladoje
- Centre for Image Analysis, Dept. of Information Technology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Perrine Paul-Gilloteaux
- MicroPICell facility, SFR-Santé, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Julien Colombelli
- Advanced Digital Microscopy, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kota Miura
- Nikon Imaging Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Ingram E, Golick D. The Six-Legged Subject: A Survey of Secondary Science Teachers' Incorporation of Insects into U.S. Life Science Instruction. Insects 2018; 9:E32. [PMID: 29538297 DOI: 10.3390/insects9010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To improve students’ understanding and appreciation of insects, entomology education efforts have supported insect incorporation in formal education settings. While several studies have explored student ideas about insects and the incorporation of insects in elementary and middle school classrooms, the topic of how and why insects are incorporated in secondary science classrooms remains relatively unexplored. Using survey research methods, this study addresses the gap in the literature by (1) describing in-service secondary science teachers’ incorporation of insects in science classrooms; (2) identifying factors that support or deter insect incorporation and (3) identifying teachers’ preferred resources to support future entomology education efforts. Findings indicate that our sample of U.S. secondary science teachers commonly incorporate various insects in their classrooms, but that incorporation is infrequent throughout the academic year. Insect-related lesson plans are commonly used and often self-created to meet teachers’ need for standards-aligned curriculum materials. Obstacles to insect incorporation include a perceived lack of alignment of insect education materials to state or national science standards and a lack of time and professional training to teach about insects. Recommendations are provided for entomology and science education organizations to support teachers in overcoming these obstacles.
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22
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Abstract
Background: Sweden is viewed as an egalitarian country, still most of the professors are Swedish and only 25% are women. Research competence is evaluated using
peer review,
which is regarded as an objective measure in the meritocracy system. Here we update the investigation by Wold & Wennerås (1997) on women researcher’s success rate for obtaining a faculty position, by examining factors (gender, nationality, productivity, etc.) in applications for an Assistant Professorship in 2014 at Karolinska Institutet. Methods: Fifty-six applications, 26 Swedish and 21 women applicants, were scored both on merits and projects by six external reviewers. Additional variables, including grants and academic age, calculated as the number of years since PhD excluding parental or sick leave, were gathered. Productivity was assessed by calculating a composite bibliometric score based on six factors (citations, publications, first/last authorships, H-index, high impact publication). Results: Overall, academic age was negatively correlated with scores on merits, as assessed by
peer review, although not reaching statistical significance. In men, associations between scores on merits and productivity (
P-value=0.0004), as well as having received grants (
P-value=0.009) were seen. No associations were found for women. Moreover, applicants with a background from the Middle East were un-proportionally found in the lowest quartile (Fisher exact test
P-value=0.007). Conclusions: In summary, the gender inequality shown in
peer review processes in Sweden 20 years ago still exists. Furthermore, a bias for ethnicity was found. In order to keep the best scientific competence in academia, more efforts are needed to avoid selection bias in assessments to enable equal evaluations of all researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Holst
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Vellas M, Fualdes C, Morley JE, Dray C, Rodriguez-Manas L, Meyer A, Michel L, Rolland Y, Gourinat Y. Aeroaging - A New Collaboration between Life Sciences Experts and Aerospace Engineers. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:1024-1030. [PMID: 29083444 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An open discussion between experts from life sciences and aeronautics has been held in order to investigate how both area of research overlap and could be relevant to each other, precisely on the topic of aging. Similarities in aging processes and prediction methodologies have been identified between human aging and aircraft aging. Two axis of collaboration have been raised: 1) The identification of the determinants in Aircraft aging (structural aging). 2) The development of P4 Systems medicine inspired new methodologies in the predictive maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vellas
- M. Vellas, ISAE-SUPAERO DMSM, Institut Clément Ader (UMR CNRS 5312), Université de Toulouse, France,
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24
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Abstract
High quality binders, such as antibodies, are of critical importance for chemical sensing applications. With synthetic alternatives, such as molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), less sensor development time and higher stability of the binder can be achieved. In this feature paper, I will discuss the impact of synthetic binders from an industrial perspective and I will challenge the molecular imprinting community on the next step to leapfrog the current status quo of MIPs for (bio)sensing. Equally important, but often neglected as an effective chemical sensor, is a good match of transducer and MIP coating for a respective application. To demonstrate an application-driven development, a biosensing use case with surface-imprinted layers on piezoacoustic sensors is reported. Depending on the electrode pattern for the transducer, the strong mechanical coupling of the analyte with the MIP layer coated device allows the adoption of the sensitivity from cell mass to cell viability with complete reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hayden
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Technology Center, In-Vitro DX & Bioscience, Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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25
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Vandoolaeghe S, Blaizot A, Boudiguet D, Bougault V, Dei Cas E, Foligne B, Goffard A, Lefranc H, Oxombre B, Trentesaux T, Vandenbunder B, Wolowczuk I, Delhaes L. A charter for biomedical research ethics in a progressive, caring society. Philos Ethics Humanit Med 2015; 10:12. [PMID: 26567128 PMCID: PMC4644330 DOI: 10.1186/s13010-015-0032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given that advances in research continuously raise new ethical issues, a multidisciplinary working group of investigators involved in biomedical research has gathered to discuss and compare ethical viewpoints in their daily practice. METHODS The working group has drafted a Charter for Ethics in Biomedical Research that encompasses all the steps in the research process, i.e. from the initial idea to analysis and publication of the results. RESULTS Based on key principles for ethically responsible research, the Charter may serve as a tool for performing research, discussing research issues and training researchers. CONCLUSIONS The Charter should stimulate researchers to think about their responsibility for research in a progressive, caring society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Vandoolaeghe
- Departement of Ethics, Espace Ethique Hospitalier et Universitaire de Lille (EEHU), Lille University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, F-59000, Lille, France
- University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Alessandra Blaizot
- University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- School of Dentistry, Lille University, F-59000, Lille, France
- University of Paris Descartes Laboratory of Medical Ethics and Forensic Medicine, EA 4569, F-75008, Paris, France
| | - Danie Boudiguet
- University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- School of Anaesthetist Nursing, Lille University Hospital, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Bougault
- University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- EA 4488 "Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé", Faculty of Sports Sciences, F-59790, Ronchin, France
| | - Eduardo Dei Cas
- Departement of Ethics, Espace Ethique Hospitalier et Universitaire de Lille (EEHU), Lille University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, F-59000, Lille, France
- University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Department of Microbiology, Lille University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, F-59000, Lille, France
- Biology and Diversity of Emerging Eukaryotic Pathogens Research Group (BDEEP), F-59019, Lille, France
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille (IPL), F-59019, Lille, France
- UMR CNRS 8402, F-59021, Lille, France
| | - Benoît Foligne
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille (IPL), F-59019, Lille, France
- UMR CNRS 8402, F-59021, Lille, France
- CIIL, IPL, Lactic Acid Bacteria and Mucosal Immunity Research Group, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille (IPL), F-59019, Lille, France
| | - Anne Goffard
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Hélène Lefranc
- University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation, Maison Régionale de la Recherche Clinique Hospitalière et Universitaire, Lille University Hospital, F-59037, Lille, France
| | - Bénédicte Oxombre
- University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- LIRIC - UMR 995, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Thomas Trentesaux
- University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- School of Dentistry, Lille University, F-59000, Lille, France
- University of Paris Descartes Laboratory of Medical Ethics and Forensic Medicine, EA 4569, F-75008, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Vandenbunder
- University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute, USR 3078 CNRS, University of Lille 1, F-59658, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Isabelle Wolowczuk
- University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille (IPL), F-59019, Lille, France
- UMR CNRS 8402, F-59021, Lille, France
- Lung Infection and Innate Immunity (LI3), BP 245, F-59019, Lille, France
| | - Laurence Delhaes
- University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.
- Department of Microbiology, Lille University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, F-59000, Lille, France.
- Biology and Diversity of Emerging Eukaryotic Pathogens Research Group (BDEEP), F-59019, Lille, France.
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille (IPL), F-59019, Lille, France.
- UMR CNRS 8402, F-59021, Lille, France.
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26
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Abstract
Much of the discourse on 'beyond the laboratory door' biosecurity to date has focused on the need to raise awareness among the scientific community of the risks posed by the rapid advancement of biotechnology in recent decades. While education is undoubtedly important, a growing body of evidence suggests that ethics education does not necessarily translate into ethical behaviour. This trend has already been reported in clinical settings, where research has highlighted doctors' own reports of ethically dubious practices and challenges when confronted with moral dilemmas in their everyday work. The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the practical value of ethics education and show why it is an essential, although insufficient, measure for promoting a culture of responsible conduct of research. We conclude by highlighting the importance of continuing professional development as a way of maintaining life scientists' engagement with biosecurity issues and supporting them in active roles in the effective implementation of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC).
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Abstract
We review technical and sociological issues facing the Life Sciences as they transform into more data-centric disciplines - the "Big New Biology". Three major challenges are: 1) lack of comprehensive standards; 2) lack of incentives for individual scientists to share data; 3) lack of appropriate infrastructure and support. Technological advances with standards, bandwidth, distributed computing, exemplar successes, and a strong presence in the emerging world of Linked Open Data are sufficient to conclude that technical issues will be overcome in the foreseeable future. While motivated to have a shared open infrastructure and data pool, and pressured by funding agencies in move in this direction, the sociological issues determine progress. Major sociological issues include our lack of understanding of the heterogeneous data cultures within Life Sciences, and the impediments to progress include a lack of incentives to build appropriate infrastructures into projects and institutions or to encourage scientists to make data openly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Thessen
- Center for Library and Informatics, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
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