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Zheng Y, Zhang L, Huang Z, Li S, Zuo L, Liang Y, Liu C, Luo S, Shi G, Zhao Z, Sun F, Xu B. Bright Organic Mechanoluminescence and Remarkable Mechanofluorochromism from Circularly Polarized TADF Enantiomers with Aggregation-Induced Emission Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202594. [PMID: 36318097 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The development of circularly polarized thermally activated delayed fluorescence (CP-TADF) luminogens with stimuli-response characteristics remains challenging. Herein, a pair of organic enantiomers, S-CzTA and R-CzTA, with aggregation-induced emission properties, have been successfully developed by introducing chiral 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene and carbazole to phthalimide. They present CP-TADF properties in toluene solutions, giving dissymmetric factors of 0.84×10-3 and -1.03×10-3 , respectively. In the crystalline state, both S-CzTA and R-CzTA can emit intense blue TADF and produce very bright sky-blue mechanoluminescence (ML) and remarkable mechanofluorochromism (MFC) under the stimuli of mechanical force. Single-crystal analysis and theoretical calculation results suggest that their ML activities are probably associated with their chiral and polar molecular structures and unique non-centrosymmetric molecular packing modes. Furthermore, the MFC properties of the enantiomers likely originate from the destruction of crystal structure, leading to the planarization of molecular conformation. This work may provide helpful guidance for developing new CP-TADF materials with force-stimuli-responsive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Letian Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Huang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shufeng Li
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lingqi Zuo
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yaohui Liang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Suilian Luo
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guang Shi
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Fengqiang Sun
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bingjia Xu
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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2
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Cheng A, Jiang Y, Su H, Zhang B, Jiang J, Wang T, Luo Y, Zhang G. Origin of Red‐Shifted Phosphorescence from Triphenylamines: Triplet Excimer or Impurity? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206366. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aoyuan Cheng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Hao Su
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Baicheng Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory University of Sciencen and Technology of China Hefei 230088 China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- Hefei National Laboratory University of Sciencen and Technology of China Hefei 230088 China
| | - Tao Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- Hefei National Laboratory University of Sciencen and Technology of China Hefei 230088 China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- Hefei National Laboratory University of Sciencen and Technology of China Hefei 230088 China
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3
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Li J, Wang G, Chen X, Li X, Wu M, Yuan S, Zou Y, Wang X, Zhang K. Manipulation of Triplet Excited States in Two‐Component Systems for High‐Performance Organic Afterglow Materials. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200852. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Guangming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Xun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Minjian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Shou Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Xuepu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Kaka Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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4
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Cheng A, Jiang Y, Su H, Zhang B, Jiang J, Wang T, Luo Y, Zhang G. Origin of Red‐Shifted Phosphorescence from Triphenylamines: Triplet Excimer or Impurity? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aoyuan Cheng
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale CHINA
| | - Yifan Jiang
- University of Sciencen and Technology of China Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale CHINA
| | - Hao Su
- University of Science and Technology of China University of Science and Technology of China CHINA
| | - Baicheng Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory CHINA
| | - Jun Jiang
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale CHINA
| | - Tao Wang
- University of Scicence and Technology of China Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale CHINA
| | - Yi Luo
- University of Sciencen and Technology of China Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale CHINA
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China Polymer Science and Engineering CHINA
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5
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Wu Z, Dinkelbach F, Kerner F, Friedrich A, Ji L, Stepanenko V, Würthner F, Marian CM, Marder TB. Aggregation‐Induced Dual Phosphorescence from (
o
‐Bromophenyl)‐Bis(2,6‐Dimethylphenyl)Borane at Room Temperature. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200525. [PMID: 35324026 PMCID: PMC9325438 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Designing highly efficient purely organic phosphors at room temperature remains a challenge because of fast non‐radiative processes and slow intersystem crossing (ISC) rates. The majority of them emit only single component phosphorescence. Herein, we have prepared 3 isomers (o, m, p‐bromophenyl)‐bis(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)boranes. Among the 3 isomers (o‐, m‐ and p‐BrTAB) synthesized, the ortho‐one is the only one which shows dual phosphorescence, with a short lifetime of 0.8 ms and a long lifetime of 234 ms in the crystalline state at room temperature. Based on theoretical calculations and crystal structure analysis of o‐BrTAB, the short lifetime component is ascribed to the T1M state of the monomer which emits the higher energy phosphorescence. The long‐lived, lower energy phosphorescence emission is attributed to the T1A state of an aggregate, with multiple intermolecular interactions existing in crystalline o‐BrTAB inhibiting nonradiative decay and stabilizing the triplet states efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Fabian Dinkelbach
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Florian Kerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi An Shi 127 West Youyi Road 710072 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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6
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Dai W, Niu X, Wu X, Ren Y, Zhang Y, Li G, Su H, Lei Y, Xiao J, Shi J, Tong B, Cai Z, Dong Y. Halogen Bonding: A New Platform for Achieving Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Persistent Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200236. [PMID: 35102661 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Monotonous luminescence has always been a major factor limiting the application of organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials. Enhancing and regulating the intermolecular interactions between the host and guest is an effective strategy to achieve excellent phosphorescence performance. In this study, intermolecular halogen bonding (CN⋅⋅⋅Br) was introduced into the host-guest RTP system. The interaction promoted intersystem crossing and stabilized the triplet excitons, thus helping to achieve strong phosphorescence emission. In addition, the weak intermolecular interaction of halogen bonding is sensitive to external stimuli such as heat, mechanical force, and X-rays. Therefore, the triplet excitons were easily quenched and colorimetric multi-stimuli responsive behaviors were realized, which greatly enriched the luminescence functionality of the RTP materials. This method provides a new platform for the future design of responsive RTP materials based on weak intermolecular interactions between the host and guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaowei Niu
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xinghui Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Gengchen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Han Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yunxiang Lei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jiawen Xiao
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jianbing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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7
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Dai W, Niu X, Wu X, Ren Y, Zhang Y, Li G, Su H, Lei Y, Xiao J, Shi J, Tong B, Cai Z, Dong Y. Halogen Bonding: A New Platform for Achieving Multi‐Stimuli‐Responsive Persistent Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Xiaowei Niu
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Xinghui Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yue Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Gengchen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Han Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yunxiang Lei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Jiawen Xiao
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Jianbing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Bin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
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8
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Ma L, Xu Q, Sun S, Ding B, Huang Z, Ma X, Tian H. A Universal Strategy for Tunable Persistent Luminescent Materials via Radiative Energy Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangwei Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Qingyang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Bingbing Ding
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Zizhao Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
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9
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Ma L, Xu Q, Sun S, Ding B, Huang Z, Ma X, Tian H. A Universal Strategy for Tunable Persistent Luminescent Materials via Radiative Energy Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115748. [PMID: 34902202 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a universal strategy for solid, solution, or gel state organic persistent luminescent materials via radiative energy transfer is proposed. The persistent luminescence (τ > 0.7 s) could be remotely regulated between different colors by controlling the isomerization of the energy acceptor. The function is relying on the simple radiative energy transfer (reabsorption) mechanism, rather than the complicated communication between the excited state of the molecules such as Förster resonance energy transfer or Dexter energy transfer. And the "apparent lifetime" for the energy acceptor is the same as the lifetime of the energy donor, which was different with traditional radiative energy transfer process. The simple working principle endows this strategy with huge universality, flexibility, and operability. This work offers a simple, feasible, and universal way to construct various persistent luminescent materials in solid, solution, and gel states.In this work, a universal strategy for solid, solution, or gel state organic persistent luminescent materials via radiative energy transfer is proposed. The persistent luminescence (τ > 0.7 s) could be remotely regulated between different colors by controlling the isomerization of the energy acceptor. The function is relying on the simple radiative energy transfer (reabsorption) mechanism, rather than the complicated communication between the excited state of the molecules such as Förster resonance energy transfer or Dexter energy transfer. And the "apparent lifetime" for the energy acceptor is the same as the lifetime of the energy donor, which was different with traditional radiative energy transfer process. The simple working principle endows this strategy with huge universality, flexibility, and operability. This work offers a simple, feasible, and universal way to construct various persistent luminescent materials in solid, solution, and gel states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangwei Ma
- East China University of Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, 130 Meilong Rd, 200237, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Qingyang Xu
- East China University of Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, 200237, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Siyu Sun
- East China University of Science and Technology, School of Cheemistry and Molecular Engineering, 200237, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Bingbing Ding
- East China University of Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, 200237, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Zizhao Huang
- East China University of Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, 200237, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Xiang Ma
- East China University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Mailbox 257, Meilong Rd 130, 200237, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - He Tian
- East China University of Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, 130 Meilong Rd, 200237, Shanghai, CHINA
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10
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Yan Z, Lin X, Sun S, Ma X, Tian H. Activating Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence of Organic Luminophores via External Heavy‐Atom Effect and Rigidity of Ionic Polymer Matrix**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Ang Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xiaohan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
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11
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Yan ZA, Lin X, Sun S, Ma X, Tian H. Activating Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of Organic Luminophores via External Heavy-Atom Effect and Rigidity of Ionic Polymer Matrix*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19735-19739. [PMID: 34240799 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pure organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have attracted wide attention for their easy preparation, low toxicity, and applications in various fields like bioimaging and anti-counterfeiting. Developing phosphorescent systems with more universality and less difficulty in synthesis has long been the pursuit of materials scientists. By employing a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt with an ionic bonding matrix and heavy atoms, commercial fluorescent dyes are directly endowed with phosphorescence emission. In a single amorphous polymer, the external heavy-atom effect generates excited triplet states and the rigid polymer matrix stabilizes them. This study put forward a new general strategy to design and develop pure organic RTP materials starting from existing library of organic dyes without complicated chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ang Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiaohan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
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12
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Garain S, Garain BC, Eswaramoorthy M, Pati SK, George SJ. Light-Harvesting Supramolecular Phosphors: Highly Efficient Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Solution and Hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19720-19724. [PMID: 34189815 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Solution phase room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from organic phosphors is seldom realized. Herein we report one of the highest quantum yield solution state RTP (ca. 41.8 %) in water, from a structurally simple phthalimide phosphor, by employing an organic-inorganic supramolecular scaffolding strategy. We further use these supramolecular hybrid phosphors as a light-harvesting scaffold to achieve delayed fluorescence from orthogonally anchored Sulforhodamine acceptor dyes via an efficient triplet to singlet Förster resonance energy transfer (TS-FRET), which is rarely achieved in solution. Electrostatic cross-linking of the inorganic scaffold at higher concentrations further facilitates the formation of self-standing hydrogels with efficient RTP and energy-transfer mediated long-lived fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swadhin Garain
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | | | - Muthusamy Eswaramoorthy
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India.,Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, JNCASR, India
| | - Swapan K Pati
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India.,Theoretical Science Unit, JNCASR, India
| | - Subi J George
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
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Garain S, Garain BC, Eswaramoorthy M, Pati SK, George SJ. Light‐Harvesting Supramolecular Phosphors: Highly Efficient Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Solution and Hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swadhin Garain
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | | | - Muthusamy Eswaramoorthy
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit JNCASR India
| | - Swapan K. Pati
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
- Theoretical Science Unit JNCASR India
| | - Subi J. George
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
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14
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Chen B, Huang W, Nie X, Liao F, Miao H, Zhang X, Zhang G. An Organic Host-Guest System Producing Room-Temperature Phosphorescence at the Parts-Per-Billion Level. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16970-16973. [PMID: 34080278 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of long-lived triplet excitons in organic molecules is key to applications including next-generation optoelectronics, background-free bioimaging, information encryption, and photodynamic therapy. However, for organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), which stems from triplet excitons, it is still difficult to simultaneously achieve efficiency and lifetime enhancement on account of weak spin-orbit coupling and rapid nonradiative transitions, especially in the red and near-infrared region. Herein, we report that a series of fluorescent naphthalimides-which did not originally show observable phosphorescence in solution, as aggregates, in polymer films, or in any other tested host material, including heavy-atom matrices at cryogenic temperatures-can now efficiently produce ultralong RTP (ϕ=0.17, τ=243 ms) in phthalimide hosts. Notably, red RTP (λRTP =628 nm) is realized at a molar ratio of less than 10 parts per billion, demonstrating an unprecedentedly low guest-to-host ratio where efficient RTP can take place in molecular solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Wenhuan Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiancheng Nie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Fan Liao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hui Miao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xuepeng Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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15
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Chen B, Huang W, Nie X, Liao F, Miao H, Zhang X, Zhang G. An Organic Host–Guest System Producing Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence at the Parts‐Per‐Billion Level. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Rd Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Wenhuan Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Rd Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Xiancheng Nie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Rd Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Fan Liao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Rd Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Hui Miao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Rd Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Xuepeng Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Rd Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Rd Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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16
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Garain S, Kuila S, Garain BC, Kataria M, Borah A, Pati SK, George SJ. Arylene Diimide Phosphors: Aggregation Modulated Twin Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Pyromellitic Diimides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12323-12327. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swadhin Garain
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Suman Kuila
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Bidhan Chandra Garain
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
- Theoretical Science Unit Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) India
| | - Meenal Kataria
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Aditya Borah
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Swapan K. Pati
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
- Theoretical Science Unit Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) India
| | - Subi J. George
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
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Garain S, Kuila S, Garain BC, Kataria M, Borah A, Pati SK, George SJ. Arylene Diimide Phosphors: Aggregation Modulated Twin Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Pyromellitic Diimides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Swadhin Garain
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Suman Kuila
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Bidhan Chandra Garain
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
- Theoretical Science Unit Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) India
| | - Meenal Kataria
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Aditya Borah
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Swapan K. Pati
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
- Theoretical Science Unit Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) India
| | - Subi J. George
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Material (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
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Nidhankar AD, Goudappagouda, Wakchaure VC, Babu SS. Efficient metal-free organic room temperature phosphors. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4216-4236. [PMID: 34163691 PMCID: PMC8179585 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00446h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An innovative transformation of organic luminescent materials in recent years has realised the exciting research area of ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence. Here the credit for the advancements goes to the rational design of new organic phosphors. The continuous effort in the area has yielded wide varieties of metal-free organic systems capable of extending the lifetime to several seconds under ambient conditions with high quantum yield and attractive afterglow properties. The various strategies adopted in the past decade to manipulate the fate of triplet excitons suggest a bright future for this class of materials. To analyze the underlying processes in detail, we have chosen high performing organic triplet emitters that utilized the best possible ways to achieve a lifetime above one second along with impressive quantum yield and afterglow properties. Such a case study describing different classes of metal-free organic phosphors and strategies adopted for the efficient management of triplet excitons will stimulate the development of better candidates for futuristic applications. This Perspective discusses the phosphorescence features of single- and multi-component crystalline assemblies, host-guest assemblies, polymers, and polymer-based systems under various classes of molecules. The various applications of the organic phosphors, along with future perspectives, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash D Nidhankar
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) Dr Homi Bhabha Road Pune-411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Goudappagouda
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) Dr Homi Bhabha Road Pune-411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Vivek C Wakchaure
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) Dr Homi Bhabha Road Pune-411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Sukumaran Santhosh Babu
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) Dr Homi Bhabha Road Pune-411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
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19
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Goudappagouda, Nidhankar AD, Nayak RA, Santhosh Babu S. Aggregation-induced phosphorescence of an anthraquinone based emitter. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1004-1008. [PMID: 33459322 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02505d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of metal-free organic molecules is a hot topic of current research interest. RTP can be enhanced through aggregation, crystallization, and the support of polymers and host-guest assemblies. The characteristics of highly phosphorescent aggregates formed from conventional chromophores make them ideal candidates for many potential applications. In this direction, we focused on the aggregation-induced phosphorescence of an anthraquinone derivative AqC6 in solution and in crystal state. The weakly emissive dilute solution exhibits a tunable emission with enhanced intensity and room temperature phosphorescence by increasing the concentration and solvent-antisolvent combination. The enhanced phosphorescence of crystals has been recreated in the solution by making use of aggregation. Interestingly, the support of PMMA enabled AqC6 to achieve enhanced processability, phosphorescence lifetime (174 ms) and quantum yield (5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Goudappagouda
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune-411008, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Aakash D Nidhankar
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune-411008, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Rashmi A Nayak
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune-411008, India.
| | - Sukumaran Santhosh Babu
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune-411008, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
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