1
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Pausch T, David T, Fleck-Kunde T, Pols H, Gurke J, Schmidt BM. Multifold Post-Modification of Macrocycles and Cages by Isocyanate-Induced Azadefluorination Cyclisation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318362. [PMID: 38294139 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
We present the multiple post-modification of organic macrocycles and cages, introducing functional groups into two- and three-dimensional supramolecular scaffolds bearing fluorine substituents, which opens up new possibilities in multi-step supramolecular chemistry employing the vast chemical space of readily available isocyanates. The mechanism and scope of the reaction that proceeds after isocyanate addition to the benzylamine motif via an azadefluorination cyclisation (ADFC) were investigated using DFT calculations, and a series of aromatic isocyanates with different electronic properties were tested. The compounds show excellent chemical stability and were fully characterised. They can be used for subsequent cross-coupling reactions, and ADFC can be used directly to generate cross-linked membranes from macrocycles or cages when using ditopic isocyanates. Single-crystal X-ray (SC-XRD) analysis shows the proof of the formation of the desired supramolecular entity together with the connectivity predicted by calculations and from 19F NMR shifts, allowing the late-stage functionalisation of self-assembled macrocycles and cages by ADFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Pausch
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim David
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tom Fleck-Kunde
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hendrik Pols
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Gurke
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd M Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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2
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Lauer JC, Bhat AS, Barwig C, Fritz N, Kirschbaum T, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. [2+3] Amide Cages by Oxidation of [2+3] Imine Cages – Revisiting Molecular Hosts for Highly Efficient Nitrate Binding. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201527. [PMID: 35699158 PMCID: PMC9544679 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pollution of groundwater with nitrate is a serious issue because nitrate can cause several diseases such as methemoglobinemia or cancer. Therefore, selective removal of nitrate by efficient binding to supramolecular hosts is highly desired. Here we describe how to make [2+3] amide cages in very high to quantitative yields by applying an optimized Pinnick oxidation protocol for the conversion of corresponding imine cages. By NMR titration experiments of the eight different [2+3] amide cages with nitrate, chloride and hydrogen sulfate we identified one cage with an unprecedented high selectivity towards nitrate binding vs. chloride (S=705) or hydrogensulfate (S>13500) in CD2Cl2/CD3CN (1 : 3). NMR experiments as well as single‐crystal structure comparison of host‐guest complexes give insight into structure‐property‐relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen C. Lauer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Avinash S. Bhat
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Chantal Barwig
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nathalie Fritz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tobias Kirschbaum
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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3
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Uhrmacher F, Elbert SM, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Synthesis of Large [2+3] Salicylimine Cages with Embedded Metal‐Salphen Units. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Uhrmacher
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sven M. Elbert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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4
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Kunde T, Pausch T, Schmidt BM. Porous Organic Compounds – Small Pores on the Rise. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kunde
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Tobias Pausch
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Bernd M. Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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5
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Santos T, Rivero DS, Pérez‐Pérez Y, Martín‐Encinas E, Pasán J, Daranas AH, Carrillo R. Dynamic Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Tetrazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18783-18791. [PMID: 34085747 PMCID: PMC8457238 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A dynamic nucleophilic aromatic substitution of tetrazines (SN Tz) is presented herein. It combines all the advantages of dynamic covalent chemistry with the versatility of the tetrazine moiety. Indeed, libraries of compounds or sophisticated molecular structures can be easily obtained, which are susceptible to post-functionalization by inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction, which also locks the exchange. Additionally, the structures obtained can be disassembled upon the application of the right stimulus, either UV irradiation or a suitable chemical reagent. Moreover, SN Tz is compatible with the imine chemistry of anilines. The high potential of this methodology has been proved by building two responsive supramolecular systems: A macrocycle that displays a light-induced release of acetylcholine; and a truncated [4+6] tetrahedral shape-persistent fluorescent cage, which is disassembled by thiols unless it is post-stabilized by IEDDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanausú Santos
- Functional Molecular Systems GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 338206La LagunaSpain
| | - David S. Rivero
- Functional Molecular Systems GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 338206La LagunaSpain
| | - Yaiza Pérez‐Pérez
- Functional Molecular Systems GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 338206La LagunaSpain
| | - Endika Martín‐Encinas
- Functional Molecular Systems GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 338206La LagunaSpain
| | - Jorge Pasán
- Laboratorio de Materiales para Análisis Químicos (MAT4LL)Departamento de FísicaUniversidad de La Laguna (ULL)38206La LagunaTenerifeSpain
| | - Antonio Hernández Daranas
- Functional Molecular Systems GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 338206La LagunaSpain
| | - Romen Carrillo
- Functional Molecular Systems GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 338206La LagunaSpain
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6
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Martínez‐Ahumada E, He D, Berryman V, López‐Olvera A, Hernandez M, Jancik V, Martis V, Vera MA, Lima E, Parker DJ, Cooper AI, Ibarra IA, Liu M. SO 2 Capture Using Porous Organic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17556-17563. [PMID: 33979473 PMCID: PMC8361948 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the first experimental investigation of porous organic cages (POCs) for the demanding challenge of SO2 capture. Three structurally related N-containing cage molecular materials were studied. An imine-functionalized POC (CC3) showed modest and reversible SO2 capture, while a secondary-amine POC (RCC3) exhibited high but irreversible SO2 capture. A tertiary amine POC (6FT-RCC3) demonstrated very high SO2 capture (13.78 mmol g-1 ; 16.4 SO2 molecules per cage) combined with excellent reversibility for at least 50 adsorption-desorption cycles. The adsorption behavior was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy, 13 C CP-MAS NMR experiments, and computational calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Martínez‐Ahumada
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS)Instituto de Investigaciones en MaterialesUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCircuito Exterior s/n, CUCoyoacán04510Ciudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Donglin He
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation FactoryLeverhulme Centre for Functional Materials DesignUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Victoria Berryman
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation FactoryLeverhulme Centre for Functional Materials DesignUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Alfredo López‐Olvera
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS)Instituto de Investigaciones en MaterialesUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCircuito Exterior s/n, CUCoyoacán04510Ciudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Magali Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS)Instituto de Investigaciones en MaterialesUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCircuito Exterior s/n, CUCoyoacán04510Ciudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Vojtech Jancik
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química SustentableUAEM-UNAMCarretera Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5C.P.50200TolucaEstado de MéxicoMexico
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoInstituto de QuímicaCircuito Exterior s/n, CUCoyoacán04510Ciudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Vladimir Martis
- Surface Measurement SystemsUnit 5, Wharfside, Rosemont RoadLondonHA0 4PEUK
| | - Marco A. Vera
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaSan Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. VicentinaIztapalapaC. P. 09340Ciudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Enrique Lima
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS)Instituto de Investigaciones en MaterialesUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCircuito Exterior s/n, CUCoyoacán04510Ciudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Douglas J. Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation FactoryLeverhulme Centre for Functional Materials DesignUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation FactoryLeverhulme Centre for Functional Materials DesignUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Ilich A. Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS)Instituto de Investigaciones en MaterialesUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCircuito Exterior s/n, CUCoyoacán04510Ciudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation FactoryLeverhulme Centre for Functional Materials DesignUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
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7
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Martínez‐Ahumada E, He D, Berryman V, López‐Olvera A, Hernandez M, Jancik V, Martis V, Vera MA, Lima E, Parker DJ, Cooper AI, Ibarra IA, Liu M. SO
2
Capture Using Porous Organic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Martínez‐Ahumada
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS) Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior s/n, CU Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Donglin He
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory Leverhulme Centre for Functional Materials Design University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Victoria Berryman
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory Leverhulme Centre for Functional Materials Design University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Alfredo López‐Olvera
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS) Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior s/n, CU Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Magali Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS) Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior s/n, CU Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Vojtech Jancik
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5 C.P.50200 Toluca Estado de México Mexico
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Química Circuito Exterior s/n, CU Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Vladimir Martis
- Surface Measurement Systems Unit 5, Wharfside, Rosemont Road London HA0 4PE UK
| | - Marco A. Vera
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina Iztapalapa C. P. 09340 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Enrique Lima
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS) Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior s/n, CU Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Douglas J. Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory Leverhulme Centre for Functional Materials Design University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory Leverhulme Centre for Functional Materials Design University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Ilich A. Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS) Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior s/n, CU Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory Leverhulme Centre for Functional Materials Design University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
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8
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Santos T, Rivero DS, Pérez‐Pérez Y, Martín‐Encinas E, Pasán J, Daranas AH, Carrillo R. Dynamic Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Tetrazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanausú Santos
- Functional Molecular Systems Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - David S. Rivero
- Functional Molecular Systems Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - Yaiza Pérez‐Pérez
- Functional Molecular Systems Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - Endika Martín‐Encinas
- Functional Molecular Systems Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - Jorge Pasán
- Laboratorio de Materiales para Análisis Químicos (MAT4LL) Departamento de Física Universidad de La Laguna (ULL) 38206 La Laguna Tenerife Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández Daranas
- Functional Molecular Systems Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - Romen Carrillo
- Functional Molecular Systems Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Spain
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9
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Holsten M, Feierabend S, Elbert SM, Rominger F, Oeser T, Mastalerz M. Soluble Congeners of Prior Insoluble Shape-Persistent Imine Cages. Chemistry 2021; 27:9383-9390. [PMID: 33848032 PMCID: PMC8362185 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the most applied reaction types to synthesize shape‐persistent organic cage compounds is the imine condensation reaction and it is assumed that the formed cages are thermodynamically controlled products due to the reversibility of the imine condensation. However, most of the synthesized imine cages reported are formed as precipitate from the reaction mixture and therefore rather may be kinetically controlled products. There are even examples in literature, where resulting cages are not soluble at all in common organic solvents to characterize or study their formation by NMR spectroscopy in solution. Here, a triptycene triamine containing three solubilizing n‐hexyloxy chains has been used to synthesize soluble congeners of prior insoluble cages. This allowed us to study the formation as well as the reversibility of cage formation in solution by investigating exchange of building blocks between the cages and deuterated derivatives thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattes Holsten
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Feierabend
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven M Elbert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Oeser
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Hua M, Wang S, Gong Y, Wei J, Yang Z, Sun J. Hierarchically Porous Organic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Hua
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Shuping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Ke Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing P. R. China
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11
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Hua M, Wang S, Gong Y, Wei J, Yang Z, Sun JK. Hierarchically Porous Organic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12490-12497. [PMID: 33694301 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Imparting mesopores to organic cages of an intrinsic microporous nature to build up hierarchically porous cage soft materials is a grand challenge and will reshape the property and application scope of traditional organic cage molecules. Herein, we discovered how to engineer mesopores into microporous organic cages via their host-guest interactions with long chain ionic surfactants. Equally important, the ionic head of surfactants equips the supramolecularly assembled porous structures with charge-selective uptake and release function in solution. Interestingly, such hierarchically porous organic cage can serve as a nanoreactor once trapping enzymes within the cavity, which show 5-fold enhanced activity of enzymatic catalysis when compared with the free enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Hua
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ke Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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12
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Schäfer N, Bühler M, Heyer L, Röhr MIS, Beuerle F. Endohedral Hydrogen Bonding Templates the Formation of a Highly Strained Covalent Organic Cage Compound*. Chemistry 2021; 27:6077-6085. [PMID: 33528845 PMCID: PMC8048910 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A highly strained covalent organic cage compound was synthesized from hexahydroxy tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ) and a meta-terphenyl-based diboronic acid with an additional benzoic acid substituent in 2'-position. Usually, a 120° bite angle in the unsubstituted ditopic linker favors the formation of a [4+6] cage assembly. Here, the introduction of the benzoic acid group is shown to lead to a perfectly preorganized circular hydrogen-bonding array in the cavity of a trigonal-bipyramidal [2+3] cage, which energetically overcompensates the additional strain energy caused by the larger mismatch in bite angles for the smaller assembly. The strained cage compound was analyzed by mass spectrometry and 1 H, 13 C and DOSY NMR spectroscopy. DFT calculations revealed the energetic contribution of the hydrogen-bonding template to the cage stability. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations on early intermediates indicate an additional kinetic effect, as hydrogen bonding also preorganizes and rigidifies small oligomers to facilitate the exclusive formation of smaller and more strained macrocycles and cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Schäfer
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgTheodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Michael Bühler
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgTheodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Lisa Heyer
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgTheodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Merle I. S. Röhr
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgTheodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Florian Beuerle
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgTheodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
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Hähsler M, Mastalerz M. A Giant [8+12] Boronic Ester Cage with 48 Terminal Alkene Units in the Periphery for Postsynthetic Alkene Metathesis. Chemistry 2021; 27:233-237. [PMID: 32840913 PMCID: PMC7839526 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) is a powerful synthetic tool to construct large defined molecules in one step from rather simple precursors. The advantage of the intrinsic dynamics of the applied reversible reaction steps is a self‐correction under the chosen conditions, to achieve high yields of the target compound. To date, only a few examples are known, in which DCC was used to build up a molecular defined but larger product that was chemically transferred to a more stable congener in a second (irreversible) step. Here, we present a nanometer‐sized [8+12] boronic ester cage containing 48 peripheral terminal alkene units which allows to put a hydrocarbon exoskeleton around the cage via alkene metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hähsler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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