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Sheng H, Liu Q, Zhang BB, Wang ZX, Chen XY. Visible-Light-Induced N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Single Electron Reduction of Mono-Fluoroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218468. [PMID: 36633173 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroarenes are abundant and readily available feedstocks. However, due to the high reduction potentials of mono-fluoroarenes, their photoreduction remains a continuing challenge, motivating the development of efficient activation modes to address this issue. This report presents the blue light-induced N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed single electron reduction of mono-fluoroarenes for biaryl cross-couplings. We discovered that under blue light irradiation, NHC/tBuOK combination could construct powerful photoactive architectures to promote single electron transfer for Caryl -F bond reduction via forming highly reducing NHC radical anion. Notably, the strategy was also successful to reduce Caryl -O, Caryl -N, and Caryl -S bonds for biaryl cross-couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Sheng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, Shandong Province, 256606, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, Shandong Province, 256606, China
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2
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Wang H, Wang S, George V, Llorente G, König B. Photo‐Induced Homologation of Carbonyl Compounds for Iterative Syntheses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211578. [PMID: 36226924 PMCID: PMC10099875 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We describe a photo-induced reaction for the in situ generation of highly reactive alkyl diazo species from carbonyl precursors via photo-excitation of N-tosylhydrazone anions. The diazo intermediates undergo efficient C-H insertion of aldehydes, leading to the productive synthesis of aldehydes and ketones. The method is applicable to the iterative synthesis of densely functionalized carbonyl compounds through sequential trapping of the diazo species with various aldehydes. The reaction proceeds without the need of any catalyst by light irradiation and features high functional group tolerance. More than 70 examples, some performed on a gram-scale, demonstrate the broad applicability of this reaction sequence in synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy University Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710032 P. R. China
| | - Shun Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy University Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Vincent George
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy University Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Galder Llorente
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy University Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy University Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
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3
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Liu MT, Liu DG, Qin ZW, Wang GZ. Visible light‐induced decarboxylative alkylations enabled by electron‐donnor acceptor complex. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Liu
- USTC: University of Science and Technology of China institute of advanced technology, CHINA
| | - De-Guang Liu
- USTC: University of Science and Technology of China Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Zhi-Wei Qin
- USTC: University of Science and Technology of China institute of advanced technology, CHINA
| | - Guang-Zu Wang
- USTC: University of Science and Technology of China Department of Chemistry ustc 230026 HEFEI CHINA
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4
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Li H, Wenger OS. Photophysics of Perylene Diimide Dianions and Their Application in Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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5
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Li H, Wenger OS. Photophysics of Perylene Diimide Dianions and Their Application in Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202110491. [PMID: 34787359 PMCID: PMC9299816 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The two‐electron reduced forms of perylene diimides (PDIs) are luminescent closed‐shell species whose photochemical properties seem underexplored. Our proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates that straightforward (single) excitation of PDI dianions with green photons provides an excited state that is similarly or more reducing than the much shorter‐lived excited states of PDI radical monoanions, which are typically accessible after biphotonic excitation with blue photons. Thermodynamically demanding photocatalytic reductive dehalogenations and reductive C−O bond cleavage reactions of lignin model compounds have been performed using sodium dithionite acts as a reductant, either in aqueous solution or in biphasic water–acetonitrile mixtures in the presence of a phase transfer reagent. Our work illustrates the concept of multi‐electron reduction of a photocatalyst by a sacrificial reagent prior to irradiation with low‐energy photons as a means of generating very reactive excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Gao PP, Yan DM, Bi MH, Jiang M, Xiao WJ, Chen JR. Alkene Synthesis by Photo-Wolff-Kischner Reaction of Sulfur Ylides and N-Tosylhydrazones. Chemistry 2021; 27:14195-14201. [PMID: 34374474 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-driven and room temperature photo-Wolff-Kischner reaction of sulfur ylides and N-tosylhydrazones has been developed for the first time to provide modular access to alkene synthesis. The high functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope were demonstrated by more than 60 examples. Both E- and Z-olefinic stereochemistry in the products could be controlled with excellent stereoselectivity. A series of mechanistic studies support that the reaction should proceed through a radical-carbanion crossover pathway, specifically involving addition of photo-generated sulfur ylide radical cations to N-tosylhydrazones to form carbanions and subsequent Wolff-Kischner process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Gao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Yan
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Hang Bi
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Min Jiang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310036, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
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Tian X, Karl TA, Reiter S, Yakubov S, de Vivie‐Riedle R, König B, Barham JP. Electro-mediated PhotoRedox Catalysis for Selective C(sp 3 )-O Cleavages of Phosphinated Alcohols to Carbanions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20817-20825. [PMID: 34165861 PMCID: PMC8518744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel example of electro-mediated photoredox catalysis (e-PRC) in the reductive cleavage of C(sp3 )-O bonds of phosphinated alcohols to alkyl carbanions. As well as deoxygenations, olefinations are reported which are E-selective and can be made Z-selective in a tandem reduction/photosensitization process where both steps are photoelectrochemically promoted. Spectroscopy, computation, and catalyst structural variations reveal that our new naphthalene monoimide-type catalyst allows for an intimate dispersive precomplexation of its radical anion form with the phosphinate substrate, facilitating a reactivity-determining C(sp3 )-O cleavage. Surprisingly and in contrast to previously reported photoexcited radical anion chemistries, our conditions tolerate aryl chlorides/bromides and do not give rise to Birch-type reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Tian
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Tobias A. Karl
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | | | - Shahboz Yakubov
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | | | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
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8
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Toriumi N, Yamashita K, Iwasawa N. Metal-Free Photoredox-Catalyzed Hydrodefluorination of Fluoroarenes Utilizing Amide Solvent as Reductant. Chemistry 2021; 27:12635-12641. [PMID: 34190366 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free photoredox-catalyzed hydrodefluorination of fluoroarenes was achieved by using N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-para-phenylenediamine (1) as a strong photoreduction catalyst. This reaction was applicable not only to electron-rich monofluoroarenes but also to polyfluoroarenes to afford non-fluorinated arenes. The experimental mechanistic studies indicated that the amide solvent NMP plays an important role for regeneration of the photocatalyst, enabling additive-free photoreduction catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Toriumi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuharu Iwasawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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9
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Tian X, Karl TA, Reiter S, Yakubov S, Vivie‐Riedle R, König B, Barham JP. Electro‐mediated PhotoRedox Catalysis for Selective C(sp
3
)–O Cleavages of Phosphinated Alcohols to Carbanions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Tian
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Tobias A. Karl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | | | - Shahboz Yakubov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | | | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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10
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Bartolomei B, Gentile G, Rosso C, Filippini G, Prato M. Turning the Light on Phenols: New Opportunities in Organic Synthesis. Chemistry 2021; 27:16062-16070. [PMID: 34339553 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phenols ( I ) are extremely relevant chemical functionalities in natural, synthetic and industrial chemistry. Their corresponding electron-rich anions, namely phenolates ( I ), are characterized by interesting physicochemical properties that can be drastically altered upon light excitation. Specifically, phenolates ( I ) become strong reducing agents in the excited state and are able to generate reactive radicals from suitable precursors via single-electron transfer processes. Thus, these species can photochemically trigger strategic bond-forming reactions, including their direct aromatic C-H functionalization. Moreover, substituted phenolate anions can act as photocatalysts to enable synthetically useful organic transformations. An alternative mechanistic manifold is represented by the ability of phenolate derivatives I to form ground state electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes with electron-poor radical sources. These complementary scenarios have paved the way for the development of a wide range of relevant organic reactions. In this Minireview, we present the main examples of this research field, and give insight on emerging trends in phenols photocatalysis towards richer organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bartolomei
- University of Trieste Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Universita degli Studi di Trieste Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ITALY
| | - Giuseppe Gentile
- University of Trieste, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ITALY
| | - Cristian Rosso
- University of Trieste, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ITALY
| | | | - Maurizio Prato
- Università di Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, ITALY
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