1
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Nikulshin PV, Makarov AY, Koskin IP, Becker CS, Kazantsev MS, Beckmann J, Balmohammadi Y, Grabowsky S, Mebs S, Naumova OV, Protasov DY, Svit KA, Irtegova IG, Radiush EA, Bagryanskaya IY, Shundrin LA, Zibarev AV. 1,2,3,4-Tetrafluorobiphenylene: A Prototype Janus-Headed Scaffold for Ambipolar Materials. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300692. [PMID: 38052725 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The title compound was synthesized by Ullmann cross-coupling in low yield as the first representative of [n]phenylene containing hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon rings. Stille/Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions, as well as substitution of fluorine in suitable starting compounds, failed to give the same product. The geometric and electronic structures of the title compound were studied by X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry and density functional theory calculations, together with Hirshfeld surface and reduced density gradient analyses. The crystal structure features head-to-tail π-stacking and other fluorine-related secondary bonding interactions. From the nucleus-independent chemical shifts descriptor, the four-membered ring of the title compound is antiaromatic, and the six-membered rings are aromatic. The Janus molecule is highly polarized; and the six-membered fluoro- and hydrocarbon rings are Lewis π-acidic and π-basic, respectively. The electrochemically-generated radical cation of the title compound is long-lived as characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance, whereas the radical anion is unstable in solution. The title compound reveals electrical properties of an insulator. On expanding its molecular scaffold towards partially fluorinated [n]phenylenes (n≥2), the properties presumably can be transformed into those of semiconductors. In this context, the title compound is suggested as a prototype scaffold for ambipolar materials for organic electronics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Nikulshin
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Current address: Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Makarov
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor P Koskin
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Christina S Becker
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maxim S Kazantsev
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Yaser Balmohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Free University of Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga V Naumova
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Yu Protasov
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill A Svit
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina G Irtegova
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Radiush
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Bagryanskaya
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Leonid A Shundrin
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V Zibarev
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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2
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Halford-McGuff JM, Varga M, Cordes DB, McKay AP, Watson AJB. Modular Synthesis of Complex Benzoxaboraheterocycles through Chelation-Assisted Rh-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition. ACS Catal 2024; 14:1846-1854. [PMID: 38327642 PMCID: PMC10845118 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c05766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Benzoxaboraheterocycles (BOBs) are moieties of increasing interest in the pharmaceutical industry; however, the synthesis of these compounds is often difficult or impractical due to the sensitivity of the boron moiety, the requirement for metalation-borylation protocols, and lengthy syntheses. We report a straightforward, modular approach that enables access to complex examples of the BOB framework through a Rh-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition using MIDA-protected alkyne boronic acids. The key to the development of this methodology was overcoming the steric barrier to catalysis by leveraging chelation assistance. We show the utility of the method through synthesis of a broad range of BOB scaffolds, mechanistic information on the chelation effect, intramolecular alcohol-assisted BMIDA hydrolysis, and linear/cyclic BOB limits as well as comparative binding affinities of the product BOB frameworks for ribose-derived biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Halford-McGuff
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Marek Varga
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Aidan P. McKay
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
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3
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Vollgraff T, Doppiu A, Sundermeyer J. Dihydroguaiazulenide Complexes and Catalysts of Group 8-12 Transition Metals: Ligands from Renewable Feedstock Replace, even Outmatch Petrochemical Based Cyclopentadienyl Chemistry. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302994. [PMID: 37955549 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
We present an in-depth study of the sterically demanding Cp-synthon (8-H-GuaH)Li isolated from natural product guaiazulene (Gua) as a ligand transfer reagent towards late transition metal complex precursors. The synthesis and full characterization of selected, essentially unexplored homo- and heteroleptic 8-H-guaiazulenide complexes of iron, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, platinum, copper and zinc are discussed in detail. In order to demonstrate their potential in catalytic applications, [(GuaH)PtMe3 ] was selected. The latter proved an even higher catalytic activity in light induced olefin hydrosilylation at catalyst loads as low as 5 ppm than classical [CpPtMe3 ] in a typical test reaction of silicone elastomer fabrication. Our results demonstrate that traditional petrochemical based Cp metal chemistry and catalysis can be replaced, sometimes even outmatched by superior catalysts based on cheap building blocks from renewable feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Vollgraff
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Angelino Doppiu
- Umicore AG&Co. KG, PMC R&D, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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4
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Bautista DD, Reyes MAV, González EAB, Bugarin A. Synthetic Approaches to α-, β-, γ-, and δ-lycoranes. European J Org Chem 2023; 26:e202300404. [PMID: 37927304 PMCID: PMC10624333 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202300404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Lycorane is a pentacyclic core presented in alkaloids isolated from the Amaryllidaceae family of herbaceous flowering plants. Members of this class of natural products have shown to display important biological properties including analgesic, antiviral, and antiproliferative activities. This review presents the known synthetic routes toward α-, β-, γ-, and δ-lycoranes. α-(19 routes), β-(10 routes), γ-(38 routes), and δ-(6 routes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Díaz Bautista
- Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Division Académica de Ciencias Básicas, carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa Km. 0.5, Cunduacán Tabasco 86690, México
| | - Miguel A Vilchis Reyes
- Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Division Académica de Ciencias Básicas, carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa Km. 0.5, Cunduacán Tabasco 86690, México
| | - Ever A Blé González
- Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Division Académica de Ciencias Básicas, carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa Km. 0.5, Cunduacán Tabasco 86690, México
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL, 33965
| | - Alejandro Bugarin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL, 33965
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5
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Kambale DA, Borade BR, Vinodkumar R, Kontham R. Divergent Synthesis of Oxepino-Phthalides and [5,5]-Oxaspirolactones through [2 + 2 + 2]- and [2 + 3]-Annulation of Alkynyl Alcohols with α-Ynone-Esters. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12597-12612. [PMID: 37611259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Unmasking the synthetic potential of alkyne functional group of alkynyl alcohols as surrogates of carbonyl compounds, herein we present the first Brønsted acid (TfOH)-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2]-annulation of 4-pentyn-1-ols (possessing terminal alkyne) with α-ynone-esters to access tricyclic tetrahydro-oxepino-phthalides. Besides, an unprecedented synthesis of α-acetoaryl or α-alkynyl [5,5]-oxaspirolactones has been demonstrated by employing 4-pentyn-1-ols (possessing an internal alkyne) as an annulation partner, which proceeds through a divergent [2 + 3]-annulation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digambar A Kambale
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Balasaheb R Borade
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ramavath Vinodkumar
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ravindar Kontham
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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6
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Féo M, Bakas NJ, Radović A, Parisot W, Clisson A, Chamoreau LM, Haddad M, Ratovelomanana-Vidal V, Neidig ML, Lefèvre G. Thermally Stable Redox Noninnocent Bathocuproine-Iron Complex for Cycloaddition Reactions. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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7
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Halford-McGuff JM, Slawin AMZ, Watson AJB. Steric Parameterization Delivers a Reciprocally Predictive Model for Substrate Reactivity and Catalyst Turnover in Rh-Catalyzed Diyne-Alkyne [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Halford-McGuff
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
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8
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Parisot W, Huvelle S, Haddad M, Lefèvre G, Phansavath P, Ratovelomanana-Vidal V. Synthesis of 5 H-chromeno[3,4- c]pyridine derivatives through ruthenium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01918c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Efficient access to 5H-chromeno[3,4-c]pyridines using Ru-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of α,ω-diynes with cyanamides was developed, providing valuable tricyclic pyridine building blocks and enabling access to a biologically relevant intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Parisot
- PSL University, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CSB2D team, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Steve Huvelle
- PSL University, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CSB2D team, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mansour Haddad
- PSL University, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CSB2D team, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Lefèvre
- PSL University, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CSB2D team, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Phannarath Phansavath
- PSL University, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CSB2D team, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Ratovelomanana-Vidal
- PSL University, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CSB2D team, 75005 Paris, France
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9
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Momeni T, Zadsirjan V, Hadi Meshkatalsadat M, Pourmohammadi‐Mahunaki M. Applications of Cobalt‐Catalyzed Reactions in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Momeni
- Department of Chemistry Qom University of Technology Qom Iran 3718146645
- Department of Chemistry School of Science Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry Malek Ashtar University of Technology Tehran Iran
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10
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Kato Y, Yoshino T, Gao M, Hasegawa JY, Kojima M, Matsunaga S. Iron/Photosensitizer Hybrid System Enables the Synthesis of Polyaryl-Substituted Azafluoranthenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18450-18458. [PMID: 36167469 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitization of organometallics is a privileged strategy that enables challenging transformations in transition-metal catalysis. However, the usefulness of such photocatalyst-induced energy transfer has remained opaque in iron-catalyzed reactions despite the intriguing prospects of iron catalysis in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we demonstrate the use of iron/photosensitizer-cocatalyzed cycloaddition to synthesize polyarylpyridines and azafluoranthenes, which have been scarcely accessible using the established iron-catalyzed protocols. Mechanistic studies indicate that triplet energy transfer from the photocatalyst to a ferracyclic intermediate facilitates the thermally demanding nitrile insertion and accounts for the distinct reactivity of the hybrid system. This study thus provides the first demonstration of the role of photosensitization in overcoming the limitations of iron catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Kato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Min Gao
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jun-Ya Hasegawa
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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11
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Sohail M, Bilal M, Maqbool T, Rasool N, Ammar M, Mahmood S, Malik A, Zubair M, Abbas Ashraf G. Iron-catalyzed synthesis of N-heterocycles via intermolecular and intramolecular cyclization reactions: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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12
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Rocard L, Hannedouche J, Bogliotti N. Visible‐Light‐Initiated Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐coupling by PPh
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Uncaging from an Azobenzene Ruthenium–Arene Complex. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200519. [PMID: 35543416 PMCID: PMC9400985 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Photo‐release of triphenylphosphine from a sulfonamide azobenzene ruthenium–arene complex was exploited to activate PdIICl2 into Pd0 catalyst, for the photo‐initiation of Sonogashira cross‐coupling. The transformation was initiated on demand – by using simple white LED strip lights – with a high temporal response and the ability to control reaction rate by changing the irradiation time. Various substrates were successfully applied to this photo‐initiated cross‐coupling, thus illustrating the wide functional‐group tolerance of our photo‐caged catalyst activator, without any need for sophisticated photochemistry apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Rocard
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Jérôme Hannedouche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Nicolas Bogliotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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13
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Leitner TD, von Glasenapp JS, Herges R, Mena‐Osteritz E, Bäuerle P. Highly Crowded Twisted Thienylene-Phenylene Structures: Evidence for Through-Space Orbital Coupling in a [4]Catenated Topology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105785. [PMID: 35132810 PMCID: PMC9259713 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sterically highly crowded and twisted thienylene-phenylenes are synthesized and structurally characterized. Single-crystal X-ray structure analyses and theoretical studies give evidence of through-space delocalization of π-electrons of peripheral (hetero)aromatic rings in toroidal and catenated topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Desirée Leitner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 11Ulm89081Germany
- PPG Industries Lackfabrik GmbHErlenbrunnenstraße 22Bodelshausen72411Germany
| | - Jan Simon von Glasenapp
- Otto Diels‐Institute of Organic ChemistryChristian‐Albrechts University KielOtto‐Hahn‐Platz 4Kiel24098Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels‐Institute of Organic ChemistryChristian‐Albrechts University KielOtto‐Hahn‐Platz 4Kiel24098Germany
| | - Elena Mena‐Osteritz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 11Ulm89081Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 11Ulm89081Germany
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14
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Bergman HM, Beattie DD, Kiel GR, Handford RC, Liu Y, Tilley TD. A sequential cyclization/π-extension strategy for modular construction of nanographenes enabled by stannole cycloadditions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5568-5573. [PMID: 35694352 PMCID: PMC9116291 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00397j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and related nanographenes requires the selective and efficient fusion of multiple aromatic rings. For this purpose, the Diels–Alder cycloaddition has proven especially useful; however, this approach currently faces significant limitations, including the lack of versatile strategies to access annulated dienes, the instability of the most commonly used dienes, and difficulties with aromatization of the [4 + 2] adduct. In this report we address these limitations via the marriage of two powerful cycloaddition strategies. First, a formal Cp2Zr-mediated [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition is used to generate a stannole-annulated PAH. Secondly, the stannoles are employed as diene components in a [4 + 2] cycloaddition/aromatization cascade with an aryne, enabling π-extension to afford a larger PAH. This discovery of stannoles as highly reactive – yet stable for handling – diene equivalents, and the development of a modular strategy for their synthesis, should significantly extend the structural scope of PAHs accessible by a [4 + 2] cycloaddition approach. Stannoles are introduced as a new, spontaneously aromatizing diene for [4 + 2] cycloadditions that can be easily introduced into diverse conjugated systems, facilitating the efficient synthesis of complex PAHs and their π-extension.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison M Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - D Dawson Beattie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Gavin R Kiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Rex C Handford
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
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15
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The Choice of Rhodium Catalysts in [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction: A Personal Account. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041332. [PMID: 35209119 PMCID: PMC8880486 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
[2+2+2] Cycloaddition reaction is a captivating process that assembles six-membered rings from three unsaturations with complete atom economy. Of the multiple transition metals that can be used to catalyze this reaction, rhodium offers many advantages. These include high activity and versatility, but especially the ability to easily tune the reactivity and selectivity by the modification of the ligands around the metal. In this personal account, we summarize our endeavours in the development of efficient and sustainable [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions to prepare products of interest, develop conditions in which the catalyst can be recovered and reused, and understand the mechanistic details that govern the selectivity of the processes.
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16
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Hong C, Baltazar J, Tovar JD. Manifestations of antiaromaticity in organic materials: case studies of cyclobutadiene, borole, and pentalene. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John D. Tovar
- Johns Hopkins University Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science and Engineering 3400 N. Charles StreetNCB 316 MD 21218 Baltimore UNITED STATES
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17
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Gläsel T, Baumann BN, Hapke M. Cobalt Catalysts for [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions: Isolated Precatalysts and in situ Generated Catalysts. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3727-3745. [PMID: 34859570 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
[2+2+2] Cycloaddition reactions belong to the not even large class of reactions, which can be catalyzed or mediated by a significant number of different transition metals. Cobalt complexes belong to the catalysts that paved the way for the extensive use and profound mechanistic knowledge on this particular transformation. Beside the established role, cyclopentadienyl (Cp) cobalt complexes inherit in synthetic applications of the cyclotrimerization reaction, modification of the precatalysts opened up novel reactivities and versatility for such catalytic initiators. At the same time the development of in situ generated cobalt catalysts allowed the conversion of novel substrates as well as novel reaction modes to be realized. In this personal account recent developments will be presented and the possibilities of catalysts containing cobalt atoms in different oxidation states be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gläsel
- Institute for Catalysis (INCA), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Benedikt N Baumann
- Institute for Catalysis (INCA), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Marko Hapke
- Institute for Catalysis (INCA), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria.,Research Group Catalytic Cycloadditions, Leibniz Institute for Catalysis Rostock (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | | | - Yellaiah Tangella
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
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19
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Swami B, Yadav D, Menon RS. Benzannulation Reactions: A Case for Perspective Change From Arene Decoration to Arene Construction. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100249. [PMID: 34796605 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Benzannulation reactions involve construction of a benzene ring from acyclic precursors. This class of reactions offer a versatile and often superior alternative to aromatic substitution for construction of substituted arenes. Selected pioneering and recent reports of various benzannulation reactions are categorised and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Swami
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 120301, India
| | - Deepak Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 120301, India
| | - Rajeev S Menon
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 120301, India
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20
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Schepper JDW, Orthaber A, Pammer F. Preparation of Structurally and Electronically Diverse N → B-Ladder Boranes by [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14767-14776. [PMID: 34613723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a series of eight N → B-ladder boranes through cobalt-mediated cyclotrimerization of (2-cyanophenyl)-dimesitylborane with different dialkynes. The resulting tetracoordinate boranes show variable electrochemical and optical properties depending on the substitution pattern in the backbone of the coordinating pyridine-derivatives. While boranes containing alkyl-substituted pyridines show lower electron affinities than the known parent compound, boranes featuring π-extended pyridine derivatives show higher electron affinities in the range of acceptor substituted triarylboranes. All derivatives show larger Stokes shifts (8790-6920 cm-1) compared to the N → B-ladder borane coordinated by an unsubstituted pyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas D W Schepper
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frank Pammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institut Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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21
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Tendera L, Helm M, Krahfuss MJ, Kuntze-Fechner MW, Radius U. Case Study of N- i Pr versus N-Mes Substituted NHC Ligands in Nickel Chemistry: The Coordination and Cyclotrimerization of Alkynes at [Ni(NHC) 2 ]. Chemistry 2021; 27:17849-17861. [PMID: 34713939 PMCID: PMC9299202 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A case study on the effect of the employment of two different NHC ligands in complexes [Ni(NHC)2] (NHC=iPr2ImMe1Me, Mes2Im 2) and their behavior towards alkynes is reported. The reaction of a mixture of [Ni2(iPr2ImMe)4(μ‐(η2 : η2)‐COD)] B/ [Ni(iPr2ImMe)2(η4‐COD)] B’ or [Ni(Mes2Im)2] 2, respectively, with alkynes afforded complexes [Ni(NHC)2(η2‐alkyne)] (NHC=iPr2ImMe: alkyne=MeC≡CMe 3, H7C3C≡CC3H74, PhC≡CPh 5, MeOOCC≡CCOOMe 6, Me3SiC≡CSiMe37, PhC≡CMe 8, HC≡CC3H79, HC≡CPh 10, HC≡C(p‐Tol) 11, HC≡C(4‐tBu‐C6H4) 12, HC≡CCOOMe 13; NHC=Mes2Im: alkyne=MeC≡CMe 14, MeOOCC≡CCOOMe 15, PhC≡CMe 16, HC≡C(4‐tBu‐C6H4) 17, HC≡CCOOMe 18). Unusual rearrangement products 11 a and 12 a were identified for the complexes of the terminal alkynes HC≡C(p‐Tol) and HC≡C(4‐tBu‐C6H4), 11 and 12, which were formed by addition of a C−H bond of one of the NHC N‐iPr methyl groups to the C≡C triple bond of the coordinated alkyne. Complex 2 catalyzes the cyclotrimerization of 2‐butyne, 4‐octyne, diphenylacetylene, dimethyl acetylendicarboxylate, 1‐pentyne, phenylacetylene and methyl propiolate at ambient conditions, whereas 1Me is not a good catalyst. The reaction of 2 with 2‐butyne was monitored in some detail, which led to a mechanistic proposal for the cyclotrimerization at [Ni(NHC)2]. DFT calculations reveal that the differences between 1Me and 2 for alkyne cyclotrimerization lie in the energy profile of the initiation steps, which is very shallow for 2, and each step is associated with only a moderate energy change. The higher stability of 3 compared to 14 is attributed to a better electron transfer from the NHC to the metal to the alkyne ligand for the N‐alkyl substituted NHC, to enhanced Ni‐alkyne backbonding due to a smaller CNHC−Ni−CNHC bite angle, and to less steric repulsion of the smaller NHC iPr2ImMe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Tendera
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Helm
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam J Krahfuss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian W Kuntze-Fechner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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22
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Gläsel T, Jiao H, Hapke M. Synthesis of Phosphinines from Co II-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gläsel
- Institute for Catalysis (INCA), Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, D-18069 Rostock, Germany
| | - Marko Hapke
- Institute for Catalysis (INCA), Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, D-18069 Rostock, Germany
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23
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Abstract
Chemical transformations that rapidly and efficiently construct a high level of molecular complexity in a single step are perhaps the most valuable in total synthesis. Among such transformations is the transition metal catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloisomerization reaction, which forges three new C-C bonds and one or more rings in a single synthetic operation. We report here a strategy that leverages this transformation to open de novo access to the Veratrum family of alkaloids. The highly convergent approach described herein includes (i) the enantioselective synthesis of a diyne fragment containing the steroidal A/B rings, (ii) the asymmetric synthesis of a propargyl-substituted piperidinone (F ring) unit, (iii) the high-yielding union of the above fragments, and (iv) the intramolecular [2 + 2 + 2] cycloisomerization reaction of the resulting carbon framework to construct in a single step the remaining three rings (C/D/E) of the hexacyclic cevanine skeleton. Efficient late-stage maneuvers culminated in the first total synthesis of heilonine (1), achieved in 21 steps starting from ethyl vinyl ketone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Cassaidy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Viresh H Rawal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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24
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Ratovelomanana-Vidal V, Matton P, Huvelle S, Haddad M, Phansavath P. Recent Progress in Metal-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMetal-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition is a powerful tool that allows rapid construction of functionalized 6-membered carbo- and heterocycles in a single step through an atom-economical process with high functional group tolerance. The reaction is usually regio- and chemoselective although selectivity issues can still be challenging for intermolecular reactions involving the cross-[2+2+2] cycloaddition of two or three different alkynes and various strategies have been developed to attain high selectivities. Furthermore, enantioselective [2+2+2] cycloaddition is an efficient means to create central, axial, and planar chirality and a variety of chiral organometallic complexes can be used for asymmetric transition-metal-catalyzed inter- and intramolecular reactions. This review summarizes the recent advances in the field of [2+2+2] cycloaddition.1 Introduction2 Formation of Carbocycles2.1 Intermolecular Reactions2.1.1 Cyclotrimerization of Alkynes2.1.2 [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Two Different Alkynes2.1.3 [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynes/Alkenes with Alkenes/Enamides2.2 Partially Intramolecular [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions2.2.1 Rhodium-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition2.2.2 Molybdenum-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition2.2.3 Cobalt-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition2.2.4 Ruthenium-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition2.2.5 Other Metal-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition2.3 Totally Intramolecular [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions3 Formation of Heterocycles3.1 Cycloaddition of Alkynes with Nitriles3.2 Cycloaddition of 1,6-Diynes with Cyanamides3.3 Cycloaddition of 1,6-Diynes with Selenocyanates3.4 Cycloaddition of Imines with Allenes or Alkenes3.5 Cycloaddition of (Thio)Cyanates and Isocyanates3.6 Cycloaddition of 1,3,5-Triazines with Allenes3.7 Cycloaddition of Aldehydes with Enynes or Allenes/Alkenes3.8 Totally Intramolecular [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions4 Conclusion
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25
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Song S, Li C, Liu T, Zhang P, Wang X. H-BPin/KO tBu Promoted Activation of Cobalt Salt to a Heterotopic Catalyst for Highly Selective Cyclotrimerization of Alkynes. Org Lett 2021; 23:6925-6930. [PMID: 34428067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A mixture of HBPin with KOtBu was found to activate cobalt salt to form a heterotopic cobalt species that is highly active for catalytic intermolecular trimerization of alkynes. This protocol affords 1,2,4-regioisomers in good yields with high regioselectivities under mild conditions. These salient features, together with the operational simplicity and high efficiency, as well as obviating the use of any costly and/or air sensitive ligands, renders the protocol promising for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Song
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, High-Tech District, Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianfen Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, High-Tech District, Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Panke Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, High-Tech District, Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China.,Zhengzhou Sino-Crystal Diamond Co., Ltd., 20 Bitao Road, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
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26
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Abdi G, Alizadeh A, Grochala W, Szczurek A. Developments in Synthesis and Potential Electronic and Magnetic Applications of Pristine and Doped Graphynes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2268. [PMID: 34578583 PMCID: PMC8469384 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Doping and its consequences on the electronic features, optoelectronic features, and magnetism of graphynes (GYs) are reviewed in this work. First, synthetic strategies that consider numerous chemically and dimensionally different structures are discussed. Simultaneous or subsequent doping with heteroatoms, controlling dimensions, applying strain, and applying external electric fields can serve as effective ways to modulate the band structure of these new sp2/sp allotropes of carbon. The fundamental band gap is crucially dependent on morphology, with low dimensional GYs displaying a broader band gap than their bulk counterparts. Accurately chosen precursors and synthesis conditions ensure complete control of the morphological, electronic, and physicochemical properties of resulting GY sheets as well as the distribution of dopants deposited on GY surfaces. The uniform and quantitative inclusion of non-metallic (B, Cl, N, O, or P) and metallic (Fe, Co, or Ni) elements into graphyne derivatives were theoretically and experimentally studied, which improved their electronic and magnetic properties as row systems or in heterojunction. The effect of heteroatoms associated with metallic impurities on the magnetic properties of GYs was investigated. Finally, the flexibility of doped GYs' electronic and magnetic features recommends them for new electronic and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisya Abdi
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (G.A.); (W.G.)
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Abdolhamid Alizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran 1993893973, Iran;
| | - Wojciech Grochala
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (G.A.); (W.G.)
| | - Andrzej Szczurek
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (G.A.); (W.G.)
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27
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Elwahy AHM, Hafner K. Alkynylazulenes as Building Blocks for Highly Unsaturated Scaffolds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaus Hafner
- Clemens Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Technische Universität, Darmstadt Petersenstraβe 22 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
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28
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Yasui T, Tatsumi R, Yamamoto Y. Highly Enantioselective [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Enediynes Enabled by Cobalt/Organophotoredox Cooperative Catalysis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yasui
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Rine Tatsumi
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yamamoto
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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29
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Chen H, Zhou Z, Kong W. Allylic alcohol synthesis by Ni-catalyzed direct and selective coupling of alkynes and methanol. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9372-9378. [PMID: 34349909 PMCID: PMC8278963 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02625a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanol is an abundant and renewable chemical raw material, but its use as a C1 source in C-C bond coupling reactions still constitutes a big challenge, and the known methods are limited to the use of expensive and noble metal catalysts such as Ru, Rh and Ir. We herein report nickel-catalyzed direct coupling of alkynes and methanol, providing direct access to valuable allylic alcohols in good yields and excellent chemo- and regioselectivity. The approach features a broad substrate scope and high atom-, step- and redox-economy. Moreover, this method was successfully extended to the synthesis of [5,6]-bicyclic hemiacetals through a cascade cyclization reaction of alkynones and methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herong Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
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30
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Heß M, Krummenacher I, Dellermann T, Braunschweig H. Rhodium-Mediated Stoichiometric Synthesis of Mono-, Bi-, and Bis-1,2-Azaborinines: 1-Rhoda-3,2-azaboroles as Reactive Precursors. Chemistry 2021; 27:9503-9507. [PMID: 34060149 PMCID: PMC8362125 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of highly substituted 1,2‐azaborinines, including a phenylene‐bridged bis‐1,2‐azaborinine, was synthesized from the reaction of 1,2‐azaborete rhodium complexes with variously substituted alkynes. 1‐Rhoda‐3,2‐azaborole complexes, which are accessible by phosphine addition to the corresponding 1,2‐azaborete complexes, were also found to be suitable precursors for the synthesis of 1,2‐azaborinines and readily reacted with alkynyl‐substituted 1,2‐azaborinines to generate new regioisomers of bi‐1,2‐azaborinines, which feature directly connected aromatic rings. Their molecular structures, which can be viewed as boron‐nitrogen isosteres of biphenyls, show nearly perpendicular 1,2‐azaborinine rings. The new method using rhodacycles instead of 1,2‐azaborete complexes as precursors is shown to be more effective, allowing the synthesis of a wider range of 1,2‐azaborinines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Heß
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Dellermann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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31
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Sharique M, Tambar UK. N
‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Benzannulations: Mechanism and Synthetic Utility. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sharique
- Department of Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas 75390 Texas United States
| | - Uttam K. Tambar
- Department of Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas 75390 Texas United States
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32
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Hoyos P, Perona A, Juanes O, Rumbero Á, Hernáiz MJ. Synthesis of Glycodendrimers with Antiviral and Antibacterial Activity. Chemistry 2021; 27:7593-7624. [PMID: 33533096 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycodendrimers are an important class of synthetic macromolecules that can be used to mimic many structural and functional features of cell-surface glycoconjugates. Their carbohydrate moieties perform key important functions in bacterial and viral infections, often regulated by carbohydrate-protein interactions. Several studies have shown that the molecular structure, valency and spatial organisation of carbohydrate epitopes in glycoconjugates are key factors in the specificity and avidity of carbohydrate-protein interactions. Choosing the right glycodendrimers almost always helps to interfere with such interactions and blocks bacterial or viral adhesion and entry into host cells as an effective strategy to inhibit bacterial or viral infections. Herein, the state of the art in the design and synthesis of glycodendrimers employed for the development of anti-adhesion therapy against bacterial and viral infections is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Hoyos
- Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Perona
- Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Juanes
- Organic Chemistry Department, Autónoma University of Madrid, Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Rumbero
- Organic Chemistry Department, Autónoma University of Madrid, Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Hernáiz
- Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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33
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Wang CS, Sun Q, García F, Wang C, Yoshikai N. Robust Cobalt Catalyst for Nitrile/Alkyne [2+2+2] Cycloaddition: Synthesis of Polyarylpyridines and Their Mechanochemical Cyclodehydrogenation to Nitrogen-Containing Polyaromatics*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9627-9634. [PMID: 33559370 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The transition-metal-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition of nitriles and alkynes is an established synthetic approach to pyridines; however, these cycloadditions often rely on the use of tethered diynes or cyanoalkynes as one of the reactants. Thus, examples of efficient, fully intermolecular catalytic [2+2+2] pyridine synthesis, especially those employing unactivated nitriles and internal alkynes leading to pentasubstituted pyridines, remain scarce. Herein, we report on simple and inexpensive catalytic systems based on cobalt(II) iodide, 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, and Zn that promote [2+2+2] cycloaddition of various nitriles and diarylacetylenes for the synthesis of a broad range of polyarylated pyridines. DFT studies support a reaction pathway involving oxidative coupling of two alkynes, insertion of the nitrile into a cobaltacyclopentadiene, and C-N reductive elimination. The resulting tetra- and pentaarylpyridines serve as precursors to hitherto unprecedented nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via mechanochemically assisted multifold reductive cyclodehydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Qiao Sun
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemical Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, P. R. China
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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Wang C, Sun Q, García F, Wang C, Yoshikai N. Robust Cobalt Catalyst for Nitrile/Alkyne [2+2+2] Cycloaddition: Synthesis of Polyarylpyridines and Their Mechanochemical Cyclodehydrogenation to Nitrogen‐Containing Polyaromatics**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Sheng Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Qiao Sun
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemical Process Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 P. R. China
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
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35
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Doerksen RS, Hodík T, Hu G, Huynh NO, Shuler WG, Krische MJ. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cycloadditions to Form Five-, Six-, and Seven-Membered Rings. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4045-4083. [PMID: 33576620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium-catalyzed cycloadditions to form five-, six-, and seven-membered rings are summarized, including applications in natural product total synthesis. Content is organized by ring size and reaction type. Coverage is limited to processes that involve formation of at least one C-C bond. Processes that are stoichiometric in ruthenium or exploit ruthenium as a Lewis acid (without intervention of organometallic intermediates), ring formations that occur through dehydrogenative condensation-reduction, σ-bond activation-initiated annulations that do not result in net reduction of bond multiplicity, and photochemically promoted ruthenium-catalyzed cycloadditions are not covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie S Doerksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin,, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tomáš Hodík
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin,, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Guanyu Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin,, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nancy O Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin,, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - William G Shuler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin,, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin,, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Orian L, Bickelhaupt FM. Designing Rh(I)-Half-Sandwich Catalysts for Alkyne [2+2+2] Cycloadditions. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMetal-mediated [2+2+2] cycloadditions of unsaturated molecules to cyclic and polycyclic organic compounds are a versatile synthetic route affording good yields and selectivity under mild conditions. In the last two decades, in silico investigations have unveiled important details about the mechanism and the energetics of the whole catalytic cycle. Particularly, a number of computational studies address the topic of half-sandwich catalysts which, due to their structural fluxionality, have been widely employed, since the 1980s. In these organometallic species, the metal is coordinated to an aromatic ring, typically the ubiquitous cyclopentadienyl anion, C5H5
–(Cp) or to the Cp moiety of a larger polycyclic aromatic ligand (Cp′). During the catalytic process, the metal continuously ‘slips’ on the ring, changing its hapticity. This phenomenon of metal slippage and its implications for the catalyst’s performance are discussed in this work, referring to the most important computational mechanistic studies reported in literature for Rh(I) half-metallocenes, with the purpose of providing hints for a rational design of this class of compounds.1 Introduction2 Mechanism of Metal-Catalyzed Acetylene [2+2+2] Cycloaddition to Benzene and the Problem of the Indenyl Effect2.1 Acetylene-Acetonitrile [2+2+2] Co-cycloaddition to 2-Methylpyridine: Evidence of the Indenyl Effect2.2 Heteroaromatic Catalysts and the Evidence of a Reverse Indenyl Effect2.3 Booth’s Mechanistic Hypothesis and the Evidence of the Indenyl Effect3 Structure–Reactivity Correlation: The Slippage-Span Model4 Conclusions and Perspectives
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University
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37
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Weber SM, Hilt G. Late 3d Metal-Catalyzed (Cross-) Dimerization of Terminal and Internal Alkynes. Front Chem 2021; 9:635826. [PMID: 33777899 PMCID: PMC7991731 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.635826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review will outline the recent advances in chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective (cross-) dimerization of terminal alkynes to generate 1,3-enynes using different types of iron and cobalt catalysts with altering oxidation states of the active species. In general, the used ligands have a crucial effect on the stereoselectivity of the reaction; e.g., bidentate phosphine ligands in cobalt catalysts can generate the E-configured head-to-head dimerization product, while tridentate phosphine ligands can generate either the Z-configured head-to-head dimerization product or the branched head-to-tail isomer. Furthermore, the hydroalkynylation of silyl-substituted acetylenes as donors to internal alkynes as acceptors will be discussed using cobalt and nickel catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian M Weber
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Institut für Chemie, Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hilt
- Institut für Chemie, Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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38
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González-Delgado JA, Romero MA, Boscá F, Arteaga JF, Pischel U. Visible Light-Gated Organocatalysis Using a Ru II -Photocage. Chemistry 2020; 26:14229-14235. [PMID: 32449554 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The light-gated organocatalysis via the release of 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) by irradiation of the [Ru(bpy)2 (DMAP)2 ]2+ complex with visible light was investigated. As model reaction the acetylation of benzyl alcohols with acetic anhydride was chosen. The pre-catalyst releases one DMAP molecule on irradiation at wavelengths longer than 455 nm. The photochemical process was characterized by steady-state irradiation and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. The latter enabled the observation of the 3 MLCT state and the spectral features of the penta-coordinated intermediate [Ru(bpy)2 (DMAP)]2+ . The released DMAP catalyzes the acetylation of a wide range of benzyl alcohols with chemical yields of up to 99 %. Control experiments revealed unequivocally that it is the released DMAP which takes the role of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A González-Delgado
- CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and, Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Miguel A Romero
- CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and, Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Francisco Boscá
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (ITQ-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús F Arteaga
- CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and, Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Uwe Pischel
- CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and, Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain
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39
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Zhou Z, Chen J, Chen H, Kong W. Stereoselective synthesis of pentasubstituted 1,3-dienes via Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling of unsymmetrical internal alkynes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10204-10211. [PMID: 34094285 PMCID: PMC8162379 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04173d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The reductive coupling of alkynes represents a powerful strategy for the rapid synthesis of highly substituted 1,3-dienes. This method has the advantages of high atom and step economy, and readily available substrates. Unfortunately, the intermolecular coupling of unsymmetrical internal alkynes remains extremely challenging due to the difficulty in controlling self-dimerization and cross-coupling, as well as stereo- and regioselectivity. Previous reports are still limited to intramolecular processes or the use of stoichiometric amounts of metal catalyst. Herein, we report that nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of two unsymmetrical internal alkynes can overcome the above-mentioned limitations by using a hemilabile directing group strategy to control the regioselectivity. A series of synthetically challenging penta-substituted 1,3-dienes are obtained in good yields with high regio- and enantioselectivity (mostly > 20/1 rr, >90% ee). The reductive coupling of alkynes represents a powerful strategy for the rapid synthesis of highly substituted 1,3-dienes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Jiachang Chen
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Herong Chen
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
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40
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Roglans A, Pla-Quintana A, Solà M. Mechanistic Studies of Transition-Metal-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions. Chem Rev 2020; 121:1894-1979. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roglans
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Pla-Quintana
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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41
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42
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Khan R, Chen J, Fan B. Versatile Catalytic Reactions of Norbornadiene Derivatives with Alkynes. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhima Khan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal ResourcesYunnan Minzu University Kunming 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal ResourcesYunnan Minzu University Kunming 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Baomin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal ResourcesYunnan Minzu University Kunming 650500 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and EnvironmentYunnan Minzu University Yuehua Street Kunming 650500 People's Republic of China
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43
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Méndez-Gálvez C, Böhme M, Leino R, Savela R. Synthesis of Isobenzofuranones by Cobalt Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Méndez-Gálvez
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology; Åbo Akademi University; Biskopsgatan 8 20500 Åbo Finland
| | - Matthias Böhme
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology; Åbo Akademi University; Biskopsgatan 8 20500 Åbo Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology; Åbo Akademi University; Biskopsgatan 8 20500 Åbo Finland
| | - Risto Savela
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology; Åbo Akademi University; Biskopsgatan 8 20500 Åbo Finland
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44
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Kiel GR, Bergman HM, Tilley TD. Site-selective [2 + 2 + n] cycloadditions for rapid, scalable access to alkynylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3028-3035. [PMID: 34122806 PMCID: PMC8157499 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are attractive synthetic building blocks for more complex conjugated nanocarbons, but their use for this purpose requires appreciable quantities of a PAH with reactive functional groups. Despite tremendous recent advances, most synthetic methods cannot satisfy these demands. Here we present a general and scalable [2 + 2 + n] (n = 1 or 2) cycloaddition strategy to access PAHs that are decorated with synthetically versatile alkynyl groups and its application to seven structurally diverse PAH ring systems (thirteen new alkynylated PAHs in total). The critical discovery is the site-selectivity of an Ir-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition, which preferentially cyclizes tethered diyne units with preservation of other (peripheral) alkynyl groups. The potential for generalization of the site-selectivity to other [2 + 2 + n] reactions is demonstrated by identification of a Cp2Zr-mediated [2 + 2 + 1]/metallacycle transfer sequence for synthesis of an alkynylated, selenophene-annulated PAH. The new PAHs are excellent synthons for macrocyclic conjugated nanocarbons. As a proof of concept, four were subjected to alkyne metathesis catalysis to afford large, PAH-containing arylene ethylene macrocycles, which possess a range of cavity sizes reaching well into the nanometer regime. Notably, these high-yielding macrocyclizations establish that synthetically convenient pentynyl groups can be effective for metathesis since the 4-octyne byproduct is sequestered by 5 Å MS. Most importantly, this work is a demonstration of how site-selective reactions can be harnessed to rapidly build up structural complexity in a practical, scalable fashion. An orthogonal [2 + 2 + n] cycloaddition/alkyne metathesis reaction sequence enables streamlined access to conjugated macrocyclic nanocarbons.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Kiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Harrison M Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA
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45
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Stará IG, Starý I. Helically Chiral Aromatics: The Synthesis of Helicenes by [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloisomerization of π-Electron Systems. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:144-158. [PMID: 31833763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Advanced molecular nanocarbons are now in the spotlight reflecting the basic discoveries of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. This research area includes also the chemistry, physics, and nanoscience of nonplanar polycyclic hydrocarbons, many of which exhibit helical chirality, such as iconic helicenes and their congeners. The combination of unique π-electron systems with the chirality phenomenon makes them highly attractive in various fields of science. Helicenes are polyaromatic compounds that are composed of all-angularly annulated benzene units, but other (hetero)cycles can also be embedded into their backbone. Even though they do not contain any stereogenic center, they are inherently chiral owing to the helical shape they adopt. Hexahelicene and higher homologues are conformationally stable within a reasonable range of temperatures and, therefore, can be obtained in an enantiopure form through a racemate resolution or asymmetric synthesis. An amazing array of synthetic methods for their preparation has been developed, but only a few of them have passed the tough scrutiny to be general, robust and practical methods such as traditional photocyclodehydrogenation of diaryl olefins and recently developed transition-metal-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloisomerization of π-electron systems, which is discussed in this Account. Alkyne [2 + 2 + 2] cycloisomerization is a highly exergonic process and is therefore suitable for forming the strained helicene backbone, three (or more) cycles of which are closed in a single operation. The typical starting materials are aromatic triynes (optionally cyanodiynes or ynedinitriles) or tetraynes with diynes that undergo intramolecular or intermolecular cyclization, respectively, catalyzed by various complexes mainly of Ni0, CoI, or RhI. Utilizing this synthetic methodology, various [5]-, [6]-, [7]-, [9]-, [11]-, [13]-, [16]-, [17]-, and [19]helicenes or their congeners, including functionalized derivatives, can be effectively prepared. Moreover, asymmetric synthesis (both catalytic and stoichiometric) of nonracemic helicenes has already been demonstrated. It relies on [2 + 2 + 2] cycloisomerization of centrally chiral triynes followed by an asymmetric transformation of the first order (controlled by the 1,3-allylic-type strain) or on enantioselective [2 + 2 + 2] cycloisomerization of alkynes catalyzed by chiral complexes mainly of Ni0 or RhI. Intriguingly, advanced helical architectures were formed such as the longest helicenes (up to oxa[19]helicene by closing 12 rings in a single synthetic operation) or laterally extended helicenes (e.g., pyreno[7]helicenes). Utilizing the aforementioned synthetic methodology, the tailor-made helical molecular nanocarbons are now better accessible to be applied in enantioselective catalysis, chirality sensing, spintronics (based on chirality induced spin selectivity), chiroptics (to produce circularly polarized light emission), organic/molecular electronics, or chiral single molecule devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena G. Stará
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Starý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Hosokawa T, Asada T, Kamikawa K. Theoretical Examination of the Plausible Reaction Process for Stereoselective Synthesis of Hexapole Helicene via a Palladium-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cyclotrimerization of [5]Helicenyl Aryne. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:652-661. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Hosokawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Toshio Asada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
- The Research Institute for Molecular Electronic Devices (RIMED), Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ken Kamikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
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47
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Amakasu T, Sato K, Ohta Y, Kitazawa G, Sato H, Oumiya K, Kawakami Y, Takeuchi T, Kabe Y. CpCo(I)- and Cp*Ru(II)Cl-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloadditions of siladiynes and alkynes: A combined experimental and theoretical study. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.121006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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48
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Fischer F, Pientka T, Jiao H, Spannenberg A, Hapke M. CpCo( i) precatalysts for [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions: synthesis and reactivity. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of CpCo complexes containing olefins and phosphite/phosphoramidite ligands give access to a reactive class of precatalysts for cyclotrimerisation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Fischer
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT Rostock)
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Tobias Pientka
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT Rostock)
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT Rostock)
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT Rostock)
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Marko Hapke
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT Rostock)
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
- Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Institut für Katalyse (INCA)
- A-4040 Linz
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49
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Li M, Wang R, Eisen MS, Park S. Light-mediated olefin coordination polymerization and photoswitches. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00426j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review outlines photoswitchable, transition metal-based olefin coordination polymerization catalysts ranging from homogeneous to heterogeneous, and monometallic to bimetallic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- Shantou 515063
- China
| | - Ruibin Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- Shantou 515063
- China
| | - Moris S. Eisen
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- Shantou 515063
- China
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Sehoon Park
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- Shantou 515063
- China
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
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50
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Kaur N, Ahlawat N, Verma Y, Grewal P, Bhardwaj P, Jangid NK. Metal and organo-complex promoted synthesis of fused five-memberedO-heterocycles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1700522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Neha Ahlawat
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Yamini Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Pooja Grewal
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Pranshu Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
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