1
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Liu P, Zheng Z, Wang H, Wang P, Hu Z, Gao HY. Characterize and Mediate Assembly of Triptycenes on Au(111) Surface. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16248-16256. [PMID: 38861269 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the assembly behavior of triptycenes with aldehyde (Trip-1) and amino (Trip-2) groups on pristine and iodine-passivated Au(111) surfaces by a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. On Au(111) surface, Trip-1 forms long trimer chains and two-dimensional islands via aldehyde-aldehyde hydrogen bonding in one dimension and π-π stacking of adjacent benzene rings in the other dimension. In contrast, Trip-2 lies as individuals or in disorderly stacked islands. Trip-2 and Trip-1 can be mixed in an arbitrary ratio. And Trip-2 molecules disrupt the ordered self-assembly structure of Trip-1 due to the formation of stronger aldehyde-amino hydrogen bonding. DFT, XPS, and Raman spectra confirm the conformational difference of Trip-1 and -2, as well as the aldehyde-amino hydrogen bonding formation in Trip-1 and Trip-2 mixture. On the iodine-passivated Au(111) surface, Trip-1 forms single-molecule chains and a hexagonal closely packed structure due to iodine interlayer mediation. Trip-2 molecules disrupt the hexagonal closely packed structure of Trip-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zichan Zheng
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Peichao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhixin Hu
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hong-Ying Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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2
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Song L, Wang J, Zhu H, Huang P, Lin H, Chi L, Li Q. Synthesis of Large-Scale High-Quality Metal-Organic Frameworks on Cu(100) via Hierarchical Dehydrogenation Reactions. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11286-11291. [PMID: 38063416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Thermal stimulus has been considered as a promising strategy for controlling on-surface reactions, allowing the formation of diverse products on metal substrates. Here, we successfully achieve hierarchical dehydrogenation reactions of amino groups on a Cu(100) surface. By carefully adjusting the experimental parameters, we synthesize large-scale and low-defect density surface metal-organic frameworks on copper surfaces. Our work sheds light on a controllable route for the synthesis of high-quality metal-organic coordination supramolecular structures via on-surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Huaming Zhu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Huang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Haiping Lin
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao, P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
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3
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Liu J, Abel M, Lin N. On-Surface Synthesis: A New Route Realizing Single-Layer Conjugated Metal-Organic Structures. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1356-1365. [PMID: 35112878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, both experimental and theoretical advances have demonstrated that two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic frameworks (2D-cMOFs) exhibit interesting electronic and magnetic properties, such as high conductivity and ferromagnetism. Theoretical studies have predicted that exotic quantum states, including topological insulating states and superconductivity, emerge in some 2D-MOFs. The high design tunability of MOFs' structure and composition provides great opportunities to realize these structures. However, most conventional synthesis methods yield multilayer structures of the 2D-cMOFs, in which the predicted exotic quantum phases are often quenched because of interlayer interactions. It is highly desirable to synthesize single-layer cMOFs. On-surface synthesis represents a novel strategy toward this goal. In this Perspective, we discuss the recent developments in on-surface synthesis of 1D- and 2D-cMOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Division of Quantum State of Matter, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mathieu Abel
- Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille 13397, France
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Wang J, Zheng Y, Nie X, Xu C, Hao Z, Song L, You S, Xi J, Pan M, Lin H, Li Y, Zhang H, Li Q, Chi L. Constructing and Transferring Two-Dimensional Tessellation Kagome Lattices via Chemical Reactions on Cu(111) Surface. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8151-8156. [PMID: 34410130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) tessellation of organic species acquired increased interests recently because of their potential applications in physics, biology, and chemistry. 2D tessellations have been successfully constructed on surfaces via various intermolecular interactions. However, the transformation between 2D tessellation lattices has been rarely reported. Herein, we successfully fabricated two types of Kagome lattices on Cu(111). The former phase exhibits (3,6,3,6) Kagome lattices, which are stabilized via the intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions. The latter phase is formed through direct chemical transferring from the former one maintaining almost the same Kagome lattices, except for that the unit cell rotates for 4°. Detailed scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional calculation studies reveal that the chemical transformation is achieved by the formation of the N-Cu-N metal-organic bonds via dehydrogenation reactions of the amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjing Zheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Nie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Chaojie Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengming Hao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Luying Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Sifan You
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Xi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Minghu Pan
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Lin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
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5
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Empereur-Mot C, Pesce L, Doni G, Bochicchio D, Capelli R, Perego C, Pavan GM. Swarm-CG: Automatic Parametrization of Bonded Terms in MARTINI-Based Coarse-Grained Models of Simple to Complex Molecules via Fuzzy Self-Tuning Particle Swarm Optimization. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32823-32843. [PMID: 33376921 PMCID: PMC7758974 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present Swarm-CG, a versatile software for the automatic iterative parametrization of bonded parameters in coarse-grained (CG) models, ideal in combination with popular CG force fields such as MARTINI. By coupling fuzzy self-tuning particle swarm optimization to Boltzmann inversion, Swarm-CG performs accurate bottom-up parametrization of bonded terms in CG models composed of up to 200 pseudo atoms within 4-24 h on standard desktop machines, using default settings. The software benefits from a user-friendly interface and two different usage modes (default and advanced). We particularly expect Swarm-CG to support and facilitate the development of new CG models for the study of complex molecular systems interesting for bio- and nanotechnology. Excellent performances are demonstrated using a benchmark of 9 molecules of diverse nature, structural complexity, and size. Swarm-CG is available with all its dependencies via the Python Package Index (PIP package: swarm-cg). Demonstration data are available at: www.github.com/GMPavanLab/SwarmCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Empereur-Mot
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Luca Pesce
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Doni
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Davide Bochicchio
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Capelli
- Department of Applied Science and Techology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Perego
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
- Department of Applied Science and Techology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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6
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del Árbol NR, Palacio I, Sánchez-Sánchez C, Otero-Irurueta G, Martínez JI, Rodríguez L, Serrate D, Cossaro A, Lacovig P, Lizzit S, Verdini A, Floreano L, Martín-Gago JA, López MF. Role of the metal surface on the room temperature activation of the alcohol and amino groups of p-aminophenol. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:19655-19665. [PMID: 33163138 PMCID: PMC7116303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c06101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a comparative study of the room-temperature adsorption of p-aminophenol (p-AP) molecules on three metal surfaces, namely Cu(110), Cu(111) and Pt(111). We show that the chemical nature and the structural symmetry of the substrate control the activation of the terminal molecular groups, which result in different arrangements of the interfacial molecular layer. To this aim, we have used in-situ STM images combined with synchrotron radiation high resolution XPS and NEXAFS spectra, and the results were simulated by DFT calculations. On copper, the interaction between the molecules and the surface is weaker on the (111) surface crystal plane than on the (110) one, favouring molecular diffusion and leading to larger ordered domains. We demonstrate that the p-AP molecule undergoes spontaneous dehydrogenation of the alcohol group to form phenoxy species on all the studied surfaces, however, this process is not complete on the less reactive surface, Cu(111). The Pt(111) surface exhibits stronger molecule-surface interaction, inducing a short-range ordered molecular arrangement that increases overtime. In addition, on the highly reactive Pt(111) surface other chemical processes are evidenced, such as the dehydrogenation of the amine group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Ruiz del Árbol
- Institute of Material Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Palacio
- Institute of Material Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Sánchez
- Institute of Material Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Otero-Irurueta
- Centre of Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José I. Martínez
- Institute of Material Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Rodríguez
- Institute of Material Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Serrate
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Albano Cossaro
- Laboratorio TASC, CNR-IOM, Basovizza SS-14,Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Università degli Studi di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Lacovig
- Elettra-Sinctrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvano Lizzit
- Elettra-Sinctrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Verdini
- Laboratorio TASC, CNR-IOM, Basovizza SS-14,Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Floreano
- Laboratorio TASC, CNR-IOM, Basovizza SS-14,Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - José A. Martín-Gago
- Institute of Material Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María F. López
- Institute of Material Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Zhang R, Liu J, Gao Y, Hua M, Xia B, Knecht P, Papageorgiou AC, Reichert J, Barth JV, Xu H, Huang L, Lin N. On‐surface Synthesis of a Semiconducting 2D Metal–Organic Framework Cu
3
(C
6
O
6
) Exhibiting Dispersive Electronic Bands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2669-2673. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Department of PhysicsThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of PhysicsThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yifan Gao
- Department of PhysicsThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Muqing Hua
- Department of PhysicsThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Bowen Xia
- Department of PhysicsThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Peter Knecht
- Physics Department E20Technical University of Munich 85748 Garching Germany
| | | | - Joachim Reichert
- Physics Department E20Technical University of Munich 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physics Department E20Technical University of Munich 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Hu Xu
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of PhysicsThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
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8
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Li Q, Yan L, Wang Z, Lu Y, Wei S, Liu X, Wang L. Surface-mediated construction of diverse coordination-dominated nanostructures with 4-azidobenzoic acid molecule. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:044704. [PMID: 32007031 DOI: 10.1063/1.5134025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordination reactions of 4-Azidobenzoic Acid (ABA) molecules on different active surfaces are studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations. ABA molecules deposited on Ag(111)/Ag(100)/Cu(100) held at room temperature lead to the decomposition of azide groups and the release of a N2 molecule per ABA molecule. Two residual segments of ABA molecules can interact with one Ag/Cu adatom to form a coordination dimer through the N-Ag/Cu-N coordination bond on different substrates. Different orientations with different symmetries can result in different nanostructures based on the dimers. Interestingly, the residual segments of ABA molecules can generate four Cu adatoms as the coordination center on Cu(100) to form a novel coordination complex after annealing, which is the first report for trapping four adatoms as a coordination center. The number and the species of adatoms captured can be changed to alter coordination structures. It expounds that various regulatory effects of different substrates lead to the diversity of nanostructures dominated by coordination bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujie Li
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Luyao Yan
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhongping Wang
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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9
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On‐surface Synthesis of a Semiconducting 2D Metal–Organic Framework Cu
3
(C
6
O
6
) Exhibiting Dispersive Electronic Bands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Carloni LE, Bezzu CG, Bonifazi D. Patterning Porous Networks through Self-Assembly of Programmed Biomacromolecules. Chemistry 2019; 25:16179-16200. [PMID: 31491049 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) porous networks are of great interest for the fabrication of complex organized functional materials for potential applications in nanotechnologies and nanoelectronics. This review aims at providing an overview of bottom-up approaches towards the engineering of 2D porous networks by using biomacromolecules, with a particular focus on nucleic acids and proteins. The first part illustrates how the advancements in DNA nanotechnology allowed for the attainment of complex ordered porous two-dimensional DNA nanostructures, thanks to a biomimetic approach based on DNA molecules self-assembly through specific hydrogen-bond base pairing. The second part focuses the attention on how polypeptides and proteins structural properties could be used to engineer organized networks templating the formation of multifunctional materials. The structural organization of all examples is discussed as revealed by scanning probe microscopy or transmission electron microscopy imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Elie Carloni
- Department of Chemistry and Namur Research College (NARC), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur, 5000, Belgium
| | - C Grazia Bezzu
- Cardiff University, School of Chemistry, Park Place, Main Building, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Cardiff University, School of Chemistry, Park Place, Main Building, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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11
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Leasor C, Goshinsky K, Chen KH, Li Z. Probing Molecular Nanostructures of Aromatic Terephthalic Acids Triggered by Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds and Electrochemical Potential. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13259-13267. [PMID: 31580684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly provides unique routes to create supramolecular nanostructures at well-defined surfaces. In the present work, we employed scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in combination with electrochemical techniques to explore the adsorption and phase formation of a series of aromatic carboxylic acids (ACAs) at Au(111)/0.1 M HClO4. Specific goals are to elucidate the roles of electrochemical potential and directional hydrogen-bonding on the structures and orientation of individual ACAs that form nanoarchitectures. ACAs are prototype materials for supramolecular self-assemblies via stereospecific hydrogen bonds between neighboring molecules. In this study, we mainly focus on a special ACA, terephthalic acid (TPA), which is almost insoluble in water, making the assembly of this molecule from aqueous solution challenging. Depending on the applied electric field, TPA molecules form distinctly different, highly ordered adlayers on Au(111) triggered by directional intermolecular hydrogen bonds. At low electrochemical potentials, TPA molecules are planar oriented, forming a potentially infinite hydrogen-bonded adlayer without any observed domain boundaries. The increase of the electrode potential triggers the deprotonation of one carboxylic acid functional group of TPA; additionally, this is accompanied by an orientation change of molecules from planar to perpendicular. In contrast, structural "defects" and multiple domain boundaries were found at this positively charged surface. The assembled nanostructures of TPA are compared with other ACAs (trimesic acid, benzoic acid, and isophthalic acid), and corresponding adsorption models were built for all molecular adlayers, showing that intermolecular hydrogen-bonding plays a determining role in the formation of two-dimensional ACA nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Leasor
- Department of Chemistry , Ball State University , Muncie , Indiana 47306 , United States
| | - Kelsi Goshinsky
- Department of Chemistry , Ball State University , Muncie , Indiana 47306 , United States
| | - Kuo-Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Ball State University , Muncie , Indiana 47306 , United States
| | - Zhihai Li
- Department of Chemistry , Ball State University , Muncie , Indiana 47306 , United States
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12
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Duan J, Li Y, Pan Y, Behera N, Jin W. Metal-organic framework nanosheets: An emerging family of multifunctional 2D materials. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Hurtado Salinas D, Sarasola A, Stel B, Cometto FP, Kern K, Arnau A, Lingenfelder M. Reactivity of Bioinspired Magnesium-Organic Networks under CO 2 and O 2 Exposure. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9850-9859. [PMID: 31460076 PMCID: PMC6649272 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the model system for energy conversion. It uses CO2 as a starting reactant to convert solar energy into chemical energy, i.e., organic molecules or biomass. The first and rate-determining step of this cycle is the immobilization and activation of CO2, catalyzed by RuBisCO enzyme, the most abundant protein on earth. Here, we propose a strategy to develop novel biomimetic two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures for CO2 adsorption at room temperature by reductionist mimicking of the Mg-carboxylate RuBisCO active site. We present a method to synthesize a 2D surface-supported system based on Mg2+ centers stabilized by a carboxylate environment and track their structural dynamics and reactivity under either CO2 or O2 exposure at room temperature. The CO2 molecules adsorb temporarily on the Mg2+ centers, producing a charge imbalance that catalyzes a phase transition into a different configuration, whereas O2 adsorbs on the Mg2+ center, giving rise to a distortion in the metal-organic bonds that eventually leads to the collapse of the structure. The combination of bioinspired synthesis and surface reactivity studies demonstrated here for Mg-based 2D ionic networks holds promise for the development of new catalysts that can work at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
E. Hurtado Salinas
- Max
Planck-EPFL Laboratory for Molecular Nanoscience, EPFL SB CMNT NL-CMNT, CH 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institut
de Physique, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ane Sarasola
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada I, UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Bart Stel
- Max
Planck-EPFL Laboratory for Molecular Nanoscience, EPFL SB CMNT NL-CMNT, CH 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institut
de Physique, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fernando P. Cometto
- Max
Planck-EPFL Laboratory for Molecular Nanoscience, EPFL SB CMNT NL-CMNT, CH 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institut
de Physique, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Departamento
de Fisicoquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica
de Córdoba, INFIQC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Klaus Kern
- Institut
de Physique, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Festkörperforschung, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrés Arnau
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CFM) CSIC-UPV/EHU, Materials Physics
Center MPC, Paseo Manuel
de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Magalí Lingenfelder
- Max
Planck-EPFL Laboratory for Molecular Nanoscience, EPFL SB CMNT NL-CMNT, CH 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institut
de Physique, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Abyazisani M, Bradford J, Motta N, Lipton-Duffin J, MacLeod J. Adsorption, Deprotonation, and Decarboxylation of Isophthalic Acid on Cu(111). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7112-7120. [PMID: 31117744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The surface-assisted reaction of rationally designed organic precursors is an emerging approach toward fabricating atomically precise nanostructures. Recently, on-surface decarboxylation has attracted attention due to its volatile by-products, which tend to leave the surface during the reaction means only the desired products are retained on the surface. However, in addition to acting as the reactive site, the carboxylic acid groups play a vital role in the adsorption configuration of small-molecule molecular precursors and therefore in the reaction pathways. Here, scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy (SRPES), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy have been employed to characterize the monodeprotonated, fully deprotonated, and decarboxylated products of isophthalic acid (IPA) on Cu(111). IPA is partially reacted (monodeprotonated) upon adsorption on Cu(111) at room temperature. Angular-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that IPA initially anchors to the surface via the carboxylate group. After annealing, the molecule fully deprotonates and reorients so that it anchors to the surface via both carboxylate groups in a bipodal configuration. NEXAFS confirms that the molecule is tilted upon adsorption and after full deprotonation. Following decarboxylation, the flat-lying molecule forms into oligomeric motifs on the surface. This work demonstrates the importance of molecular adsorption geometry for on-surface reactions.
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15
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Uphoff M, Michelitsch GS, Hellwig R, Reuter K, Brune H, Klappenberger F, Barth JV. Assembly of Robust Holmium-Directed 2D Metal-Organic Coordination Complexes and Networks on the Ag(100) Surface. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11552-11560. [PMID: 30296056 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe the formation of lanthanide-organic coordination networks and complexes under ultra-high-vacuum conditions on a clean Ag(100) surface. The structures comprise single Ho atoms as coordination centers and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (from terephtalic acid, TPA) as molecular linkers. Using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, we find two different chiral phases of surface-supported metal-organic structures incorporating Ho atoms. Density functional theory calculations can explain the structure of both binding motifs and give possible reasons for their varying formation under the respective Ho/TPA ratios, as well as deposition and annealing temperatures. Metal-ligand interactions drive the formation of cloverleaf-shaped mononuclear Ho-TPA4 complexes establishing supramolecular arrays stabilized through hydrogen bonding. A 2D lanthanide-organic reticulation is observed when changing the stoichiometry between the two building blocks. The combined insights from scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory reveal the relative stability, charge transfer, and bonding environment of both motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Uphoff
- Department of Physics (E20) , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Georg S Michelitsch
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Raphael Hellwig
- Department of Physics (E20) , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Harald Brune
- Institute of Physics , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 3 , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Florian Klappenberger
- Department of Physics (E20) , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Department of Physics (E20) , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
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16
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Svane KL, Baviloliaei MS, Hammer B, Diekhöner L. An extended chiral surface coordination network based on Ag7-clusters. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:164710. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5051510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine L. Svane
- iNANO, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mahdi S. Baviloliaei
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bjørk Hammer
- iNANO, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lars Diekhöner
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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17
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Wei S, Wang Z, Jin J, Xu H, Lu Y, Wang L. Assembling fullerene into nanostructures over micrometer scale with atomic precision. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:395301. [PMID: 29989565 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad25a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Assembling large organic molecules into predesigned structures for nanoscale devices is a long-standing challenge. Here, we present the atom-scale precise repositions of individual fullerene molecules and molecule transportation over the micrometer scale on a Si(111) surface via reproducible and reversible vertical manipulation by a scanning tunneling microscopy tip. A two-rod abacus consisting of ten fullerene molecules was used to perform arithmetic operations with double digits. This opens the door for the use of larger organic molecules displaying intrinsic characteristics as complex molecular devices with novel functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wei
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China. School of Materials and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
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18
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Lipton-Duffin J, Abyazisani M, MacLeod J. Periodic and nonperiodic chiral self-assembled networks from 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid on Ag(111). Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8316-8319. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04380a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An activated reaction can lead to a diversity of intermolecular bonding motifs through partially-reacted molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lipton-Duffin
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Institute for Future Environments
| | - Maryam Abyazisani
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Jennifer MacLeod
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Institute for Future Environments
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19
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Geng YF, Li P, Li JZ, Zhang XM, Zeng QD, Wang C. STM probing the supramolecular coordination chemistry on solid surface: Structure, dynamic, and reactivity. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Zhang C, Wang L, Xie L, Ding Y, Xu W. On-Surface Dual-Response Structural Transformations of Guanine Molecules and Fe Atoms. Chemistry 2017; 23:2356-2362. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Caoan Road 4800 Shanghai 201804 P.R. China
| | - Likun Wang
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Caoan Road 4800 Shanghai 201804 P.R. China
| | - Lei Xie
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Caoan Road 4800 Shanghai 201804 P.R. China
| | - Yuanqi Ding
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Caoan Road 4800 Shanghai 201804 P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Caoan Road 4800 Shanghai 201804 P.R. China
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21
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Morchutt C, Björk J, Straßer C, Starke U, Gutzler R, Kern K. Interplay of Chemical and Electronic Structure on the Single-Molecule Level in 2D Polymerization. ACS NANO 2016; 10:11511-11518. [PMID: 28024333 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Single layers of covalently linked organic materials in the form of two-dimensional (2D) polymers constitute structures complementary to inorganic 2D materials. The electronic properties of 2D polymers may be manipulated through a deliberate choice of the organic precursors. Here we address the changes in electronic structure-from precursor molecule to oligomer-by scanning tunneling spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. For this purpose, we introduce the polymerization reaction of 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene via decarboxylation on Cu(111), which is thoroughly characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. We present a comprehensive study of a contamination-free on-surface coupling scheme and study how dehydrogenation, decarboxylation, and polymerization affect the electronic structure on the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius Morchutt
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University , Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Carola Straßer
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Ulrich Starke
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Rico Gutzler
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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22
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Zhang H, Chi L. Gold-Organic Hybrids: On-Surface Synthesis and Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:10492-10498. [PMID: 27628247 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gold-organic hybrids can be prepared on gold substrates by on-surface dehalogenation of molecular precursors with multiple halogen substituents. Various contact geometries of covalent arylAu bonds are achieved by changing the halogen substituents in the bay or peri regions. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) investigations allow a better understanding of the structure/property relationships in various gold-aryl contacts. Recent progress on the synthesis, large-scale alignment, and STS measurement of gold-organic hybrids is described, ending with an emphasis on potential future applications, e.g., as precursors (intermediates) for the synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) on insulating surfaces, and as a model system to investigate the role of covalent arylAu bonds in electron transport through gold-GNR contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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23
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Bischoff F, He Y, Seufert K, Stassen D, Bonifazi D, Barth JV, Auwärter W. Tailoring Large Pores of Porphyrin Networks on Ag(111) by Metal-Organic Coordination. Chemistry 2016; 22:15298-15306. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bischoff
- Physik Department E20; Technische Universität München; 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Yuanqin He
- Physik Department E20; Technische Universität München; 85748 Garching Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study; Technische Universität München; 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physik Department E20; Technische Universität München; 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Daphné Stassen
- Department of Chemistry and Namur Research College; University of Namur; Belgium
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Department of Chemistry and Namur Research College; University of Namur; Belgium
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physik Department E20; Technische Universität München; 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physik Department E20; Technische Universität München; 85748 Garching Germany
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24
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Della Pia A, Riello M, Lawrence J, Stassen D, Jones TS, Bonifazi D, De Vita A, Costantini G. Two-Dimensional Ketone-Driven Metal-Organic Coordination on Cu(111). Chemistry 2016; 22:8105-12. [PMID: 27071489 PMCID: PMC5074249 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional metal-organic nanostructures based on the binding of ketone groups and metal atoms were fabricated by depositing pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone (PTO) molecules on a Cu(111) surface. The strongly electronegative ketone moieties bind to either copper adatoms from the substrate or codeposited iron atoms. In the former case, scanning tunnelling microscopy images reveal the development of an extended metal-organic supramolecular structure. Each copper adatom coordinates to two ketone ligands of two neighbouring PTO molecules, forming chains that are linked together into large islands through secondary van der Waals interactions. Deposition of iron atoms leads to a transformation of this assembly resulting from the substitution of the metal centres. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the driving force for the metal substitution is primarily determined by the strength of the ketone-metal bond, which is higher for Fe than for Cu. This second class of nanostructures displays a structural dependence on the rate of iron deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Della Pia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Massimo Riello
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - James Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Daphne Stassen
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Namur (UNamur), 5000, Belgium
| | - Tim S Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Namur (UNamur), 5000, Belgium.
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Alessandro De Vita
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Giovanni Costantini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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25
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Müller K, Enache M, Stöhr M. Confinement properties of 2D porous molecular networks on metal surfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:153003. [PMID: 26982214 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/15/153003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantum effects that arise from confinement of electronic states have been extensively studied for the surface states of noble metals. Utilizing small artificial structures for confinement allows tailoring of the surface properties and offers unique opportunities for applications. So far, examples of surface state confinement include thin films, artificial nanoscale structures, vacancy and adatom islands, self-assembled 1D chains, vicinal surfaces, quantum dots and quantum corrals. In this review we summarize recent achievements in changing the electronic structure of surfaces by adsorption of nanoporous networks whose design principles are based on the concepts of supramolecular chemistry. Already in 1993, it was shown that quantum corrals made from Fe atoms on a Cu(1 1 1) surface using single atom manipulation with a scanning tunnelling microscope confine the Shockley surface state. However, since the atom manipulation technique for the construction of corral structures is a relatively time consuming process, the fabrication of periodic two-dimensional (2D) corral structures is practically impossible. On the other side, by using molecular self-assembly extended 2D porous structures can be achieved in a parallel process, i.e. all pores are formed at the same time. The molecular building blocks are usually held together by non-covalent interactions like hydrogen bonding, metal coordination or dipolar coupling. Due to the reversibility of the bond formation defect-free and long-range ordered networks can be achieved. However, recently also examples of porous networks formed by covalent coupling on the surface have been reported. By the choice of the molecular building blocks, the dimensions of the network (pore size and pore to pore distance) can be controlled. In this way, the confinement properties of the individual pores can be tuned. In addition, the effect of the confined state on the hosting properties of the pores will be discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Müller
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands. Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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26
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Cirera B, Đorđević L, Otero R, Gallego JM, Bonifazi D, Miranda R, Ecija D. Dysprosium-carboxylate nanomeshes with tunable cavity size and assembly motif through ionic interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11227-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04874a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tunability of cavity size and assembly motif of dysprosium-directed nanomeshes through ionic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Đorđević
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences and INSTM UdR Trieste
- University of Trieste
- Trieste 34127
- Italy
| | - R. Otero
- IMDEA Nanoscience
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
| | - J. M. Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid
- CSIC
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - D. Bonifazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences and INSTM UdR Trieste
- University of Trieste
- Trieste 34127
- Italy
- School of Chemistry
| | - R. Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
| | - D. Ecija
- IMDEA Nanoscience
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
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27
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Dai J, Fan Q, Wang T, Kuttner J, Hilt G, Gottfried JM, Zhu J. The role of the substrate structure in the on-surface synthesis of organometallic and covalent oligophenylene chains. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:20627-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03551e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Depending on the substrate temperature, the deposition of DMTP molecules on a Cu(110) surface can result in the formation of either organometallic or oligophenylene zigzag chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Dai
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Qitang Fan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Julian Kuttner
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Gerhard Hilt
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | | | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
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28
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Urgel JI, Cirera B, Wang Y, Auwärter W, Otero R, Gallego JM, Alcamí M, Klyatskaya S, Ruben M, Martín F, Miranda R, Ecija D, Barth JV. Surface-Supported Robust 2D Lanthanide-Carboxylate Coordination Networks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:6358-6364. [PMID: 26524215 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-based metal-organic compounds and architectures are promising systems for sensing, heterogeneous catalysis, photoluminescence, and magnetism. Herein, the fabrication of interfacial 2D lanthanide-carboxylate networks is introduced. This study combines low- and variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations addressing their design and electronic properties. The bonding of ditopic linear linkers to Gd centers on a Cu(111) surface gives rise to extended nanoporous grids, comprising mononuclear nodes featuring eightfold lateral coordination. XPS and DFT elucidate the nature of the bond, indicating ionic characteristics, which is also manifest in appreciable thermal stability. This study introduces a new generation of robust low-dimensional metallosupramolecular systems incorporating the functionalities of the f-block elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- José I Urgel
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Yang Wang
- IMDEA Nanoscience, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Roberto Otero
- IMDEA Nanoscience, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Gallego
- IMDEA Nanoscience, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, ,28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Alcamí
- IMDEA Nanoscience, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Svetlana Klyatskaya
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- IPCMS-CNRS UMR 7504, Université de Strasbourg, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Fernando Martín
- IMDEA Nanoscience, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Ecija
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
- IMDEA Nanoscience, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
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29
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Müller K, Moreno-López JC, Gottardi S, Meinhardt U, Yildirim H, Kara A, Kivala M, Stöhr M. Cyano-Functionalized Triarylamines on Coinage Metal Surfaces: Interplay of Intermolecular and Molecule-Substrate Interactions. Chemistry 2015; 22:581-9. [PMID: 26636437 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of cyano-functionalized triarylamine derivatives on Cu(111), Ag(111) and Au(111) was studied by means of scanning tunnelling microscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. Different bonding motifs, such as antiparallel dipolar coupling, hydrogen bonding and metal coordination, were observed. Whereas on Ag(111) only one hexagonally close-packed pattern stabilized by hydrogen bonding is observed, on Au(111) two different partially porous phases are present at submonolayer coverage, stabilized by dipolar coupling, hydrogen bonding and metal coordination. In contrast to the self-assembly on Ag(111) and Au(111), for which large islands are formed, on Cu(111), only small patches of hexagonally close-packed networks stabilized by metal coordination and areas of disordered molecules are found. The significant variety in the molecular self-assembly of the cyano-functionalized triarylamine derivatives on these coinage metal surfaces is explained by differences in molecular mobility and the subtle interplay between intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Müller
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen (The Netherlands), Fax: (+31) 503637208. .,Current Address: Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany).
| | - Juan Carlos Moreno-López
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen (The Netherlands), Fax: (+31) 503637208
| | - Stefano Gottardi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen (The Netherlands), Fax: (+31) 503637208
| | - Ute Meinhardt
- Chair of Organic Chemistry 1, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 9131-8526865
| | - Handan Yildirim
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816 (USA)
| | - Abdelkader Kara
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816 (USA)
| | - Milan Kivala
- Chair of Organic Chemistry 1, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 9131-8526865.
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen (The Netherlands), Fax: (+31) 503637208.
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30
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Meyer J, Nickel A, Ohmann R, Lokamani, Toher C, Ryndyk DA, Garmshausen Y, Hecht S, Moresco F, Cuniberti G. Tuning the formation of discrete coordination nanostructures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12621-4. [PMID: 26158490 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02723c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Novel surface coordination nanostructures based on cyanosexiphenyl molecules are assembled on a gold surface and investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory. Their formation can be tuned by varying the surface temperature during deposition. Diffusing gold adatoms act as coordination centers for the cyano groups present on one end of the nonsymmetrical molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Meyer
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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31
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Zhang C, Xie L, Wang L, Kong H, Tan Q, Xu W. Atomic-Scale Insight into Tautomeric Recognition, Separation, and Interconversion of Guanine Molecular Networks on Au(111). J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11795-800. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research
Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road
4800, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Xie
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research
Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road
4800, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
| | - Likun Wang
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research
Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road
4800, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihui Kong
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research
Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road
4800, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinggang Tan
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research
Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road
4800, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research
Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road
4800, Shanghai 201804, People’s Republic of China
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32
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Rodríguez-Fernández J, Lauwaet K, Herranz MÁ, Martín N, Gallego JM, Miranda R, Otero R. Temperature-controlled metal/ligand stoichiometric ratio in Ag-TCNE coordination networks. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:101930. [PMID: 25770519 DOI: 10.1063/1.4913326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The deposition of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) on Ag(111), both at Room Temperature (RT, 300 K) and low temperatures (150 K), leads to the formation of coordination networks involving silver adatoms, as revealed by Variable-Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. Our results indicate that TCNE molecules etch away material from the step edges and possibly also from the terraces, which facilitates the formation of the observed coordination networks. Moreover, such process is temperature dependent, which allows for different stoichiometric ratios between Ag and TCNE just by adjusting the deposition temperature. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory calculations reveal that charge-transfer from the surface to the molecule and the concomitant geometrical distortions at both sides of the organic/inorganic interface might facilitate the extraction of silver atoms from the step-edges and, thus, its incorporation into the observed TCNE coordination networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Rodríguez-Fernández
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience, c∖Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Herranz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- IMDEA Nanoscience, c∖Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Gallego
- IMDEA Nanoscience, c∖Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Otero
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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33
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Gutzler R, Stepanow S, Grumelli D, Lingenfelder M, Kern K. Mimicking enzymatic active sites on surfaces for energy conversion chemistry. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:2132-9. [PMID: 26121410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic supramolecular chemistry on surfaces has matured to a point where its underlying growth mechanisms are well understood and structures of defined coordination environments of metal atoms can be synthesized in a controlled and reproducible procedure. With surface-confined molecular self-assembly, scientists have a tool box at hand which can be used to prepare structures with desired properties, as for example a defined oxidation number and spin state of the transition metal atoms within the organic matrix. From a structural point of view, these coordination sites in the supramolecular structure resemble the catalytically active sites of metallo-enzymes, both characterized by metal centers coordinated to organic ligands. Several chemical reactions take place at these embedded metal ions in enzymes and the question arises whether these reactions also take place using metal-organic networks as catalysts. Mimicking the active site of metal atoms and organic ligands of enzymes in artificial systems is the key to understanding the selectivity and efficiency of enzymatic reactions. Their catalytic activity depends on various parameters including the charge and spin configuration in the metal ion, but also on the organic environment, which can stabilize intermediate reaction products, inhibits catalytic deactivation, and serves mostly as a transport channel for the reactants and products and therefore ensures the selectivity of the enzyme. Charge and spin on the transition metal in enzymes depend on the one hand on the specific metal element, and on the other hand on its organic coordination environment. These two parameters can carefully be adjusted in surface confined metal-organic networks, which can be synthesized by virtue of combinatorial mixing of building synthons. Different organic ligands with varying functional groups can be combined with several transition metals and spontaneously assemble into ordered networks. The catalytically active metal centers are adequately separated by the linking molecules and constitute promising candiates for heterogeneous catalysts. Recent advances in synthesis, characterization, and catalytic performance of metal-organic networks are highlighted in this Account. Experimental results like structure determination of the networks, charge and spin distribution in the metal centers, and catalytic mechanisms for electrochemical reactions are presented. In particular, we describe the activity of two networks for the oxygen reduction reaction in a combined scanning tunneling microscopy and electrochemical study. The similarities and differences of the networks compared to metallo-enzymes will be discussed, such as the metal surface that operates as a geometric template and concomitantly functions as an electron reservoir, and how this leads to a new class of bioinspired catalysts. The possibility to create functional two-dimensional coordination complexes at surfaces taking inspiration from nature opens up a new route for the design of potent nanocatalyst materials for energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Gutzler
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70176 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stepanow
- Department
of Materials, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Hönggerbergring 64, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Doris Grumelli
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas
(INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET - Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Magalı́ Lingenfelder
- Max Planck-EPFL
Laboratory for Molecular Nanoscience, EPFL SB CMNT NL-CMNT, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institut
de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70176 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institut
de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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34
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Li Y, Cheng L, Liu C, Liu W, Fan Y, Fan X, Zeng Q. On-Surface Observation of the Formation of Organometallic Complex in a Supramolecular Network. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10972. [PMID: 26061532 PMCID: PMC4462016 DOI: 10.1038/srep10972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The on-surface formation of organometallic monomers or oligomers, especially in supramolecular network, attracts an extensive interest for chemists and material scientist. In this work, we have investigated metal coordination between zinc (II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and 1, 3-di (4-pyridyl) propane (dipy-pra) in the 2, 6, 11-tricarboxydecyloxy-3, 7, 10-triundecyloxy triphenylene (asym-TTT) supramolecular template by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate under ambient conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that every two ZnPc molecules in one nano-reactor connect with each other through one dipy-pra molecule by metal-coordination interaction. In this coordinating process, the template of asym-TTT supramolecular networks plays a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibao Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Linxiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Yulan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- 1] Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China [2] Material and Chemical Engineering Department, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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35
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Urgel JI, Ecija D, Auwärter W, Stassen D, Bonifazi D, Barth JV. Orthogonal insertion of lanthanide and transition-metal atoms in metal-organic networks on surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6163-7. [PMID: 25832804 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The orthogonal coordinative properties of tetrapyrrole macrocycles and nitrile ligands have been used in a multistep procedure towards interfacial d-f hetero-bimetallic nanoarchitectures based on a free-base porphyrin derivative functionalized with meso-cyanobiphenylene substituents. Molecular-level scanning tunneling microscopy studies reveal that the porphyrin module alone self-assembles on Ag(111) in a close-packed layer with a square unit cell. Upon co-deposition of Gd atoms, a square-planar motif is formed that reflects the fourfold coordination of CN ligands to the rare-earth centers. The resulting nanoporous network morphology is retained following exposure to a beam of Co atoms, which induces selective porphyrin metalation and ultimately yields a gridlike 2D metallosupramolecular architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- José I Urgel
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, München (Germany)
| | - David Ecija
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, München (Germany). .,IMDEA Nanoscience, 28049 Madrid (Spain).
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, München (Germany).
| | - Daphné Stassen
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000 (Belgium)
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000 (Belgium). .,Department of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences and INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, Trieste 34127 (Italy).
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, München (Germany)
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36
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Urgel JI, Ecija D, Auwärter W, Stassen D, Bonifazi D, Barth JV. Orthogonal Insertion of Lanthanide and Transition-Metal Atoms in Metal-Organic Networks on Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Palma CA, Björk J, Klappenberger F, Arras E, Kühne D, Stafström S, Barth JV. Visualization and thermodynamic encoding of single-molecule partition function projections. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6210. [PMID: 25703681 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensemble averaging of molecular states is fundamental for the experimental determination of thermodynamic quantities. A special case occurs for single-molecule investigations under equilibrium conditions, for which free energy, entropy and enthalpy at finite temperatures are challenging to determine with ensemble averaging alone. Here we report a method to directly record time-averaged equilibrium probability distributions by confining an individual molecule to a nanoscopic pore of a two-dimensional metal-organic nanomesh, using temperature-controlled scanning tunnelling microscopy. We associate these distributions with partition function projections to assess real-space-projected thermodynamic quantities, aided by computational modelling. The presented molecular dynamics-based analysis is able to reproduce experimentally observed projected microstates with high accuracy. By an in silico customized energy landscape, we demonstrate that distinct probability distributions can be encrypted at different temperatures. Such modulation provides means to encode and decode information into position-temperature space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos-Andres Palma
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | | | - Emmanuel Arras
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dirk Kühne
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sven Stafström
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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38
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Hirsch BE, McDonald KP, Qiao B, Flood AH, Tait SL. Selective anion-induced crystal switching and binding in surface monolayers modulated by electric fields from scanning probes. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10858-10869. [PMID: 25257197 DOI: 10.1021/nn504685t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anion-selective (Br(-) and I(-)) and voltage-driven crystal switching between two differently packed phases (α ⇆ β) was observed in 2D crystalline monolayers of aryl-triazole receptors ordered at solution-graphite interfaces. Addition of Br(-) and I(-) was found to stimulate the α → β phase transformation and to produce ion binding to the β phase assembly, while Cl(-) and BF4(-) addition retained the α phase. Unlike all other surface assemblies of either charged molecules or ion-templated 2D crystallization of metal-ligand or receptor-based adsorbates, the polarity of the electric field between the localized scanning tip and the graphite substrate was found to correlate with phase switching: β → α is driven at -1.5 V, while α → β occurs at +1.1 V. Ion-pairing between the countercations and the guest anions was also observed. These observations are supported by control studies including variation of anion species, relative anion concentration, surface temperature, tip voltage, and scanning time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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39
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Haq S, Hanke F, Sharp J, Persson M, Amabilino DB, Raval R. Versatile bottom-up construction of diverse macromolecules on a surface observed by scanning tunneling microscopy. ACS NANO 2014; 8:8856-8870. [PMID: 25191836 DOI: 10.1021/nn502388u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The heterocoupling of organic building blocks to give complex multicomponent macromolecules directly at a surface holds the key to creating advanced molecular devices. While "on-surface" synthesis with prefunctionalized molecules has recently led to specific one- and two- component products, a central challenge is to discover universal connection strategies that are applicable to a wide range of molecules. Here, we show that direct activation of C-H bonds intrinsic to π-functional molecules is a highly generic route for connecting different building blocks on a copper surface. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) reveals that covalent π-functional macromolecular heterostructures, displaying diverse compositions, structures and topologies, are created with ease from seven distinct building blocks (including porphyrins, pentacene and perylene). By exploiting differences in C-H bond reactivity in the deposition and heating protocols we also demonstrate controlled synthesis of specific products, such as block copolymers. Further, the symmetry and geometry of the molecules and the surface also play a critical role in determining the outcome of the covalent bond forming reactions. Our "pick-mix-and-link" strategy opens up the capability to generate libraries of multivariate macromolecules directly at a surface, which in conjunction with nanoscale probing techniques could accelerate the discovery of functional interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Haq
- Surface Science Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , L69 3BX, Liverpool, U.K
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40
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Bebensee F, Svane K, Bombis C, Masini F, Klyatskaya S, Besenbacher F, Ruben M, Hammer B, Linderoth TR. Ein Metall-organisches Netzwerk auf Basis von Cu-Adatom- Trimeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Bebensee F, Svane K, Bombis C, Masini F, Klyatskaya S, Besenbacher F, Ruben M, Hammer B, Linderoth TR. A Surface Coordination Network Based on Copper Adatom Trimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12955-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Iancu V, Braun KF, Schouteden K, Van Haesendonck C. Inducing magnetism in pure organic molecules by single magnetic atom doping. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:106102. [PMID: 25238370 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.106102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on in situ chemical reactions between an organic trimesic acid (TMA) ligand and a Co atom center. By varying the substrate temperature, we are able to explore the Co-TMA interactions and create novel magnetic complexes that preserve the chemical structure of the ligands. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy combined with density functional theory calculations, we elucidate the structure and the properties of the newly synthesized complex at atomic or molecular size level. Hybridization between the atomic orbitals of the Co and the π orbitals of the ligand results in a delocalized spin distribution onto the TMA. The here demonstrated possibility to conveniently magnetize such versatile molecules opens up new potential applications for TMAs in molecular spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Iancu
- Laboratory of Solid-State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Koen Schouteden
- Laboratory of Solid-State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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43
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Shchyrba A, Wäckerlin C, Nowakowski J, Nowakowska S, Björk J, Fatayer S, Girovsky J, Nijs T, Martens SC, Kleibert A, Stöhr M, Ballav N, Jung TA, Gade LH. Controlling the Dimensionality of On-Surface Coordination Polymers via Endo- or Exoligation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9355-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aneliia Shchyrba
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Laboratory
for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jan Nowakowski
- Laboratory
for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Sylwia Nowakowska
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics,
Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Shadi Fatayer
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Girovsky
- Laboratory
for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Nijs
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne C. Martens
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Armin Kleibert
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nirmalya Ballav
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Thomas A. Jung
- Laboratory
for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Zhang H, Franke JH, Zhong D, Li Y, Timmer A, Arado OD, Mönig H, Wang H, Chi L, Wang Z, Müllen K, Fuchs H. Surface supported gold-organic hybrids: on-surface synthesis and surface directed orientation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:1361-1368. [PMID: 24227765 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The surface-assisted synthesis of gold-organic hybrids on Au (111) and Au (100) surfaces is repotred by thermally initiated dehalogenation of chloro-substituted perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bisimides (PBIs). Structures and surface-directed alignment of the Au-PBI chains are investigated by scanning tunnelling microscopy in ultra high vacuum conditions. Using dichloro-PBI as a model system, the mechanism for the formation of Au-PBI dimer is revealed with scanning tunnelling microscopy studies and density functional theory calculations. A PBI radical generated from the homolytic C-Cl bond dissociation can covalently bind a surface gold atom and partially pull it out of the surface to form stable PBI-Au hybrid species, which also gives rise to the surface-directed alignment of the Au-PBI chains on reconstructed Au (100) surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhang
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemmstrasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany, Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
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45
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Fan Q, Wang C, Han Y, Zhu J, Kuttner J, Hilt G, Gottfried JM. Surface-assisted formation, assembly, and dynamics of planar organometallic macrocycles and zigzag shaped polymer chains with C-Cu-C bonds. ACS NANO 2014; 8:709-718. [PMID: 24328267 DOI: 10.1021/nn405370s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The formation, structure, and dynamics of planar organometallic macrocycles (meta-terphenyl-Cu)n and zigzag-shaped one-dimensional organometallic polymers on a Cu(111) surface were studied with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Vapor deposition of 4,4″-dibromo-meta-terphenyl (DMTP) onto Cu(111) at 300 K leads to C-Br bond scission and formation of C-Cu-C bonds, which connect neighboring meta-terphenyl fragments such that room-temperature stable macrocycles and zigzag chains are formed. The chains self-assemble to form islands, which are elongated in the direction of the chains. If DMTP is deposited onto Cu(111) held at 440 K, the island size is drastically increased (>200 × 200 nm(2)). STM sequences show the formation of ordered structures through reversible scission and reformation of the C-Cu-C bonds. The cyclic organometallic species such as the hexamer (meta-terphenyl-Cu)6 may represent intermediates in the surface-confined Ullmann synthesis of hydrocarbon macrocycles such as the recently discovered hyperbenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitang Fan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029, P.R. China
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Abstract
Prochiral molecules locally induce a chiral restructuring of the Cu(110) surface that persists after removal of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Karageorgaki
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
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Beniwal S, Chen S, Kunkel DA, Hooper J, Simpson S, Zurek E, Zeng XC, Enders A. Kagome-like lattice of π–π stacked 3-hydroxyphenalenone on Cu(111). Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:8659-62. [PMID: 24957918 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03523b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional arrangement of 3-HPLN on a 2D surface, involving π–π stacking and perpendicular molecule attachment, results in a Kagome lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Beniwal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln
- Lincoln, USA
| | - S. Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln
- , USA
- Nebraska Center of Materials and Nanoscience
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln
| | - D. A. Kunkel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln
- Lincoln, USA
| | - J. Hooper
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jagiellonion University
- 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - S. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry
- State University of New York at Buffalo
- Buffalo, USA
| | - E. Zurek
- Department of Chemistry
- State University of New York at Buffalo
- Buffalo, USA
| | - X. C. Zeng
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln
- , USA
- Nebraska Center of Materials and Nanoscience
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln
| | - A. Enders
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln
- Lincoln, USA
- Nebraska Center of Materials and Nanoscience
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln
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48
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Grumelli D, Wurster B, Stepanow S, Kern K. Bio-inspired nanocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2904. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Vijayaraghavan S, Ecija D, Auwärter W, Joshi S, Seufert K, Drach M, Nieckarz D, Szabelski P, Aurisicchio C, Bonifazi D, Barth JV. Supramolecular Assembly of Interfacial Nanoporous Networks with Simultaneous Expression of Metal-Organic and Organic-Bonding Motifs. Chemistry 2013; 19:14143-50. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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50
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MacLeod JM, Ben Chaouch Z, Perepichka DF, Rosei F. Two-dimensional self-assembly of a symmetry-reduced tricarboxylic acid. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:7318-7324. [PMID: 23327627 DOI: 10.1021/la3047593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of the self-assembly of simple molecules at the solution/solid interface can provide useful insight into the general principles governing supramolecular chemistry in two dimensions. Here, we report on the assembly of 3,4',5-biphenyl tricarboxylic acid (H3BHTC), a small hydrogen bonding unit related to the much-studied 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (trimesic acid, TMA), which we investigate using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. STM images show that H3BHTC assembles by itself into an offset zigzag chain structure that maximizes the surface molecular density in favor of maximizing the number density of strong cyclic hydrogen bonds between the carboxylic groups. The offset geometry creates "sticky" pores that promote solvent coadsorption. Adding coronene to the molecular solution produces a transformation to a high-symmetry host-guest lattice stabilized by a dimeric/trimeric hydrogen bonding motif similar to the TMA flower structure. Finally, we show that the H3BHTC lattice firmly immobilizes the guest coronene molecules, allowing for high-resolution imaging of the coronene structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M MacLeod
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux, Télécommunications, Varennes, QC, Canada
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