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Yamanoi Y. Recent Progress on the Synthesis of Bipyridine Derivatives. Molecules 2024; 29:576. [PMID: 38338319 PMCID: PMC10856230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bipyridine and related compounds are starting materials or precursors for a variety of valuable substances such as biologically active molecules, ligands for catalysts, photosensitizers, viologens, and supramolecular architectures. Thus, it is important to classify their synthesis methods and understand their characteristics. Representative examples include methods using homo and heterocoupling of pyridine derivatives in the presence of a catalyst. Because bipyridine compounds strongly coordinate with metal centers, a decrease in catalytic activity and yield is often observed in the reaction system. To address this issue, this review provides insights into advances over the last ~30 years in bipyridine synthesis using metal complexes under both homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. Moreover, strategies for bipyridine synthesis involving sulfur and phosphorous compounds are examined. These alternative pathways offer promising avenues for overcoming the challenges associated with traditional catalysis methods, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the synthesis landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Yamanoi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmundo G. Percástegui
- Instituto de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5, Toluca Estado de México 50200 México
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Cai LX, Yan DN, Cheng PM, Xuan JJ, Li SC, Zhou LP, Tian CB, Sun QF. Controlled Self-Assembly and Multistimuli-Responsive Interconversions of Three Conjoined Twin-Cages. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2016-2024. [PMID: 33471998 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive structural transformations between discrete coordination supramolecular architectures not only are essential to construct smart functional materials but also provide a versatile molecular-level platform to mimic the biological transformation process. We report here the controlled self-assembly of three topologically unprecedented conjoined twin-cages, i.e., one stapled interlocked Pd12L6 cage (2) and two helically isomeric Pd6L3 cages (3 and 4) made from the same cis-blocked palladium corners and a new bis-bidentate ligand (1). While cage 2 features three mechanically coupled cavities, cages 3 and 4 are topologically isomeric helicate-based twin-cages based on the same metal/ligand stoichiometry. Sole formation of cage 2 or a dynamic mixture of cages 3 and 4 can be controlled by changing the solvents employed during the self-assembly. Structural conversions between cages 3 and 4 can be triggered by changes in both temperature/solvent and induced-fit guest encapsulations. Well-controlled interconversion between such topologically complex superstructures may lay a solid foundation for achieving a variety of functions within a switchable system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Dan-Ni Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Pei-Ming Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Jin-Jin Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Shao-Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Li-Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Chong-Bin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Qing-Fu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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Kieffer M, Bilbeisi RA, Thoburn JD, Clegg JK, Nitschke JR. Guest Binding Drives Host Redistribution in Libraries of Co II 4 L 4 Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11369-11373. [PMID: 32243707 PMCID: PMC7383889 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two CoII 4 L4 tetrahedral cages prepared from similar building blocks showed contrasting host-guest properties. One cage did not bind guests, whereas the second encapsulated a series of anions, due to electronic and geometric effects. When the building blocks of both cages were present during self-assembly, a library of five CoII LA x LB 4-x cages was formed in a statistical ratio in the absence of guests. Upon incorporation of anions able to interact preferentially with some library members, the products obtained were redistributed in favor of the best anion binders. To quantify the magnitudes of these templation effects, ESI-MS was used to gauge the effect of each template upon library redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Kieffer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Rana A. Bilbeisi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringAmerican University of BeirutBeirutLebanon
| | - John D. Thoburn
- Department of ChemistryRandolph-Macon CollegeAshlandVA23005USA
| | - Jack K. Clegg
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
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Bardhan D, Chand DK. Palladium(II)-Based Self-Assembled Heteroleptic Coordination Architectures: A Growing Family. Chemistry 2019; 25:12241-12269. [PMID: 31158303 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-driven self-assembly is one of the most effective approaches to lucidly design a large range of discrete 2D and 3D coordination architectures/complexes. Palladium(II)-based self-assembled coordination architectures are usually prepared by using suitable metal components, in either a partially protected form (PdL') or typical form (Pd; charges are not shown), and designed ligand components. The self-assembled molecules prepared by using a metal component and only one type of bi- or polydentate ligand (L) can be classified in the homoleptic series of complexes. On the other hand, the less explored heteroleptic series of complexes are obtained by using a metal component and at least two different types of non-chelating bi- or polydentate ligands (such as La and Lb ). Methods that allow the controlled generation of single, discrete heteroleptic complexes are less understood. A survey of palladium(II)-based self-assembled coordination cages that are heteroleptic has been made. This review article illustrates a systematic collection of such architectures and credible justification of their formation, along with reported functional aspects of the complexes. The collected heteroleptic assemblies are classified here into three sections: 1) [(PdL')m (La )x (Lb )y ]-type complexes, in which the denticity of La and Lb is equal; 2) [(PdL')m (La )x (Lb )y ]-type complexes, in which the denticity of La and Lb is different; and 3) [Pdm (La )x (Lb )y ]-type complexes, in which the denticity of La and Lb is equal. Representative examples of some important homoleptic architectures are also provided, wherever possible, to set a background for a better understanding of the related heteroleptic versions. The purpose of this review is to pave the way for the construction of several unique heteroleptic coordination assemblies that might exhibit emergent supramolecular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devjanee Bardhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennnai, 600036, India
| | - Dillip Kumar Chand
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennnai, 600036, India
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Preston D, Findlay JA, Crowley JD. Recognition Properties and Self‐assembly of Planar [M(2‐pyridyl‐1,2,3‐triazole)2]2+Metallo‐ligands. Chem Asian J 2018; 14:1136-1142. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Preston
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - James A. Findlay
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology New Zealand
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Roberts DA, Pilgrim BS, Sirvinskaite G, Ronson TK, Nitschke JR. Covalent Post-assembly Modification Triggers Multiple Structural Transformations of a Tetrazine-Edged Fe4L6 Tetrahedron. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9616-9623. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Derrick A. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ben S. Pilgrim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giedre Sirvinskaite
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Vasdev RAS, Preston D, Crowley JD. Multicavity Metallosupramolecular Architectures. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2513-2523. [PMID: 28755432 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Discrete metallosupramolecular systems are often macrocyclic or cage-like architectures with an accessible internal cavity. Guest molecules can reside within these cavities and much of the interest in these systems is derived from these fascinating host-guest interactions. A range of potential applications stem from the ability of these metallosupramolecular architectures to encapsulate guests. These applications include catalysis or acting as molecular reaction flasks, the molecular scavenging of pollutants, storage of reactive species, and drug delivery. Multicavity metallosupramolecular architectures combine the ability of large hollow assemblies to bind multiple guests concurrently with the binding specificity associated with small cages. A variety of different approaches to generating separate compartments within a single metallosupramolecular assembly have emerged. These include interpenetrated cages, cages with polytopic ligands that have a long backbone, and molecules that have two or more clefts. This review examines these approaches, and highlights key contributions to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roan A S Vasdev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dan Preston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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10
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Stadler AM, Ramírez J, Lehn JM, Vincent B. Supramolecular reactions of metallo-architectures: Ag 2-double-helicate/Zn 4-grid, Pb 4-grid/Zn 4-grid interconversions, and Ag 2-double-helicate fusion. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3689-3693. [PMID: 30008998 PMCID: PMC6008726 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04403k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular reactions are of importance in many fields. We report herein three examples where complexes of hydrazone-based ligands are involved. A Ag2-double-helicate was converted, by treatment with Zn(OTf)2, into a Zn4-grid (exchange of metal ions and change of the nature of the initial complex). A Pb4-grid was converted, upon reaction with ZnCl2 or ZnBr2, into a Zn4-grid (exchange of metal ions, but conservation of the nature of the initial complex). The reverse conversions were also achieved. The fusion of a Ag2-double-helicate with another Ag2-double-helicate was performed (exchange of ligands, but conservation of the nature of the complexes) and resulted in a mixture of three helicates (two homostranded ones and one heterostranded one).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian-Mihail Stadler
- Université de Strasbourg , CNRS , UMR 7006 , ISIS , 8 Allée G. Monge , Strasbourg , France .
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technolgoy (KIT) , 76344 , Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Juan Ramírez
- Institut Pasteur Paris , 28 Rue du Docteur Roux , 75015 Paris , France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Université de Strasbourg , CNRS , UMR 7006 , ISIS , 8 Allée G. Monge , Strasbourg , France .
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Service de RMN , Faculté de Chimie , 1 Rue B. Pascal , Strasbourg , France
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11
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Wang W, Wang YX, Yang HB. Supramolecular transformations within discrete coordination-driven supramolecular architectures. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:2656-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00301f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this review, a comprehensive summary of supramolecular transformations within discrete coordination-driven supramolecular architectures, including helices, metallacycles, metallacages, etc., is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
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12
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Sinha N, Roelfes F, Hepp A, Mejuto C, Peris E, Hahn FE. Synthesis of Nanometer-Sized Cylinder-Like Structures from a 1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene-Bridged Tris-NHC Ligand and AgI, AuI, and CuI. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500973b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Sinha
- Institut für
Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Roelfes
- Institut für
Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für
Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Carmen Mejuto
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica
y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica
y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - F. Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für
Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Torres-Huerta A, Rodríguez-Molina B, Höpfl H, Garcia-Garibay MA. Synthesis and Solid-State Characterization of Self-Assembled Macrocyclic Molecular Rotors of Bis(dithiocarbamate) Ligands with Diorganotin(IV). Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om401094d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aarón Torres-Huerta
- Centro
de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, México
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Braulio Rodríguez-Molina
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Herbert Höpfl
- Centro
de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Miguel A. Garcia-Garibay
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Stojaković J, Whitis AM, MacGillivray LR. Discrete Double-to-Quadruple Aromatic Stacks: Stepwise Integration of Face-to-Face Geometries in Cocrystals Based on Indolocarbazole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12127-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Stojaković J, Whitis AM, MacGillivray LR. Discrete Double-to-Quadruple Aromatic Stacks: Stepwise Integration of Face-to-Face Geometries in Cocrystals Based on Indolocarbazole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cîrcu M, Soran A, Hădade ND, Rednic M, Terec A, Grosu I. Cryptands with 1,3,5-tris(1',3'-dioxan-2'-yl)-benzene units: synthesis and structural investigations. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8722-9. [PMID: 23924384 DOI: 10.1021/jo401432y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various cryptands based on 1,3-dioxane decorated 1,3,5-trisubstituted-benzene building blocks, connected by different chains (exhibiting ester, ether, or triazol groups) to several units with C3 symmetry, are reported. The structure of the compounds was investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR, and MS. The role of the 1,3-dioxane units was targeted to ensure the preorganization of the substrate for the macrocyclization reactions on one side, and for easier NMR assignment of the structure of the cryptands on the other side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cîrcu
- Center of Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry, Cluj-Napoca, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos str., 400028, Cluj-Napoca, România
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Hu WJ, Liu LQ, Ma ML, Zhao XL, Liu YA, Mi XQ, Jiang B, Wen K. A Trigonal Prismatic Ligand in the Metal-Mediated Self-Assembly of One- and Two-Dimensional Metallosupramolecular Polymers. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:9309-19. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400751n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Hu
- Sustainable Technology Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
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18
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Ahamed BN, Dutta R, Ghosh P. Role of Wingtip Substituents on Benzene-Platform-Based Tetrapodal Ligands toward the Formation of a Self-Assembled Silver Carbene Cage. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:4269-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ic302184h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Nisar Ahamed
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja
S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja
S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja
S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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19
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Stadler AM, Burg C, Ramírez J, Lehn JM. Grid–double-helicate interconversion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5733-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc38580a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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20
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Pop F, Socaci C, Terec A, Condamine E, Varga RA, Raţ CI, Roncali J, Grosu I. Cryptands and bismacrocycles with cyanuric and isocyanuric units: synthesis and structural investigations. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Self-assembled coordination complexes from various palladium(II) components and bidentate or polydentate ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Ahamed BN, Arunachalam M, Ghosh P. Mercaptothiazolinyl Functionalized Hexapodal and Tripodal Receptors on Benzene Platform: Formation of Silver Ion Assisted Hexanuclear Metallocage vs Metal–Organic Polymer. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:4772-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ic102363y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Nisar Ahamed
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Klosterman JK, Yamauchi Y, Fujita M. Engineering discrete stacks of aromatic molecules. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:1714-25. [DOI: 10.1039/b901261n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Coordination-driven self-assembly via the directional-bonding approach utilizes rigid transition metal acceptors and electron-rich donors to allow for complex, nanoscale 2D polygons and 3D polyhedra to be prepared under mild conditions and in high yields. To ensure proper rigidity and directionality, many acceptor and donor precursors contain largely carbon-rich aromatic and/or acetylenic moieties. This article introduces self-assembly as an alternative means of synthesizing carbon-rich materials and discusses the development, design, synthesis, and applications of carbon-rich supramolecular metallacycles and metallacages as well as the self-assembly of new diastereomeric carbon-rich supramolecular triangles.
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Yan L, Wang Z, Chen MT, Wu N, Lan J, Gao X, You J, Gau HM, Chen CT. Preferential Formation of Homochiral Helical Sandwich-Shaped Architectures through the Metal-Mediated Assembly of Tris(imidazoline) Ligands with a Set of d3-d10 Transition-Metal Ions. Chemistry 2008; 14:11601-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Pastor A, Martínez-Viviente E. NMR spectroscopy in coordination supramolecular chemistry: A unique and powerful methodology. Coord Chem Rev 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Govindaswamy P, Furrer J, Süss-Fink G, Therrien B. Encapsulation of Triphenylene Derivatives in the Hexanuclear Arene Ruthenium Metallo-Prismatic Cage [Ru6(p-PriC6H4Me)6(tpt)2(dhbq)3]6+ (tpt = 2,4,6-tri(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, dhbq = 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinonato). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200800068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Therrien B, Süss-Fink G, Govindaswamy P, Renfrew A, Dyson P. The “Complex-in-a-Complex” Cations [(acac)2M⊂Ru6(p-iPrC6H4Me)6(tpt)2(dhbq)3]6+: A Trojan Horse for Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:3773-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Therrien B, Süss-Fink G, Govindaswamy P, Renfrew A, Dyson P. The “Complex-in-a-Complex” Cations [(acac)2M⊂Ru6(p-iPrC6H4Me)6(tpt)2(dhbq)3]6+: A Trojan Horse for Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Shieh D, Lin Y, Shiu K, Lin J. Orientation and Arrangement of Octaruthenium Supramolecules with Alkyl Chains on Graphite. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200700757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Lin Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 1, Ta Hsueh Road, Tainan, Taiwan 701, Republic of China, Fax: +886‐6‐2740552
| | - Yi‐Shiue Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 1, Ta Hsueh Road, Tainan, Taiwan 701, Republic of China, Fax: +886‐6‐2740552
| | - Kom‐Bei Shiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 1, Ta Hsueh Road, Tainan, Taiwan 701, Republic of China, Fax: +886‐6‐2740552
| | - Jong‐Liang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 1, Ta Hsueh Road, Tainan, Taiwan 701, Republic of China, Fax: +886‐6‐2740552
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Walmsley JA, Zhu S, Matilla A, Donowick TG, Cramp JE, Tercero JM, Dalrymple T. Cyclic tetranuclear and hexanuclear palladium(II) complexes and their host-guest chemistry. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:9945-53. [PMID: 17924617 PMCID: PMC2713930 DOI: 10.1021/ic700830v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic tetrameric complexes have been prepared by the reaction of Pd(en)Cl2 or Pd(dapol)Cl2, or their nitrato analogues, with Na2(5'GMP) in aqueous solution, where en=1,2-diaminoethane, dapol=1,3-diamino-2-propanol, and 5'GMP=guanosine 5'-monophosphate. Addition of certain small molecules containing hydrophobic groups resulted in the expansion of the tetramer to a cyclic hexamer with strong bonding of one guest per hexameric host. At pH 5-6, the guest molecule can be a cation, anion, or neutral, and those species containing trimetylsilyl and t-butyl groups bonded the most strongly. The size of the central cavity of the [Pd(en)(5'GMP)]6 host has been estimated to be 5.2 A. Formation of the host-guest complex caused a large upfield shift (Deltadelta) of 2.5-2.9 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum of the most highly affected guest protons, which were those in closest proximity to the guanine nucleobases. NOESY spectra were used to determine the interaction sites between the host and the guest. Apparent association constants determined at 26 degrees C and pD 5.4 for the [Pd(en)(5'GMP)]6-DSS and [Pd(en)(5'GMP)]6-t-butanol systems, where DSS is 3-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propanesulfonate anion, were 1.36+/-0.11x10(4) and 2.74+/-0.95x10(4) M(-3/2), respectively. The Pd(dapol)-5'GMP system forms hexameric host-guest complexes, similar in nature to those of the Pd(en)-5'GMP system. The molecular and crystal structures of Pd(dapol)Cl2 are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Walmsley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA.
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Jude H, Sinclair DJ, Das N, Sherburn MS, Stang PJ. Self-assembly of supramolecular platinum complexes with bis-4-pyridyl cavitands. J Org Chem 2007; 71:4155-63. [PMID: 16709055 DOI: 10.1021/jo060133o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The design and self-assembly of six new supramolecular complexes (four triangles and two 2+2 assemblies) are described. These assemblies incorporate two new bispyridyl cavitand building blocks and were prepared in excellent yields (85-95%). The assemblies and building blocks were characterized with multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Isotopically resolved mass spectrometry along with NMR data confirms the existence of the six assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hershel Jude
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry in water is a constantly growing research area because noncovalent interactions in aqueous media are important for obtaining a better understanding and control of the major processes in nature. This Review offers an overview of recent advances in the area of water-soluble synthetic receptors as well as self-assembly and molecular recognition in water, through consideration of the functionalities that are used to increase the water solubility, as well as the supramolecular interactions and approaches used for effective recognition of a guest and self-assembly in water. The special features and applications of supramolecular entities in aqueous media are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady V Oshovsky
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Ferrer M, Gutiérrez A, Mounir M, Rossell O, Ruiz E, Rang A, Engeser M. Self-Assembly Reactions between the Cis-Protected Metal Corners (N−N)MII (N−N = Ethylenediamine, 4,4‘-Substituted 2,2‘-Bipyridine; M = Pd, Pt) and the Fluorinated Edge 1,4-Bis(4-pyridyl)tetrafluorobenzene. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:3395-406. [PMID: 17358054 DOI: 10.1021/ic062373s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly reactions between the fluorinated ditopic ligand 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)tetrafluorobenzene (A) and different nitrogen-protected palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes have been investigated. While dynamic equilibria between molecular triangles and squares were observed when the diimine compounds 4,4'-R2bipy (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine; R = H, Me, t-Bu) were employed as ancillary ligands, only square species were obtained from ethylenediamine (en) derivatives. Characterization of the obtained metallomacrocycles was accomplished by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy in combination with electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR). Molecular dynamics simulations (UFF) have been performed to interpret the influence of the fluorinated ring on the square/triangle relative stability. Density functional calculations using the GIAO method have been employed for the interpretation of the chemical shift assignments. The study of the ability of these compounds to act as hosts of electron-rich aromatic guests has shown that the palladium ethylenediamine square is capable of establishing this type of intermolecular interaction exclusively in aqueous media. The host-guest stoichiometry and association constants have been determinated by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Ferrer
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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37
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Wei KJ, Ni J, Xie YS, Liu Y, Liu QL. Self-assembled hetero-bimetallic coordination cage and cation-clusters with µ2-Cl bridging using a flexible two-arm ferrocene amide linker. Dalton Trans 2007:3390-7. [PMID: 17664975 DOI: 10.1039/b703363j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One flexible, discrete coordination cage [Cu(2)(3-BPFA)(4)(H(2)O)(2)](ClO(4))(4).4CH(3)OH (), and two cation-clusters with micro(2)-Cl bridging [Ni(2)(micro-Cl)(3-BPFA)(4)(H(2)O)(2)](ClO(4))(3) () and [Co(2)(micro-Cl)(3-BPFA)(4)(H(2)O)(2)](ClO(4))(4).4CH(3)OH (), containing the ferrocenyl functionality were prepared via coordination-driven self-assembly and Cl-anion template from Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) salts and a flexible two-arm molecule 1,1-bis[(3-pyridylamino)carbonyl]ferrocene (3-BPFA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ju Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Brown AM, Ovchinnikov MV, Stern CL, Mirkin CA. Tetrametallic rectangular box complexes assembled from heteroligated macrocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:4386-8. [PMID: 17057852 DOI: 10.1039/b609931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a heteroligated Rh(I) bimetallic macrocycle with rigid ditopic ligands (1,4-dicyanobenzene, 4-4'-dicyanobiphenyl, or dipyridyl terminated salen ligand 5) results in the formation of tetrametallic rectangular box complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Brown
- Department of Chemistry and the International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Yoshizawa M, Nakagawa J, Kumazawa K, Nagao M, Kawano M, Ozeki T, Fujita M. Discrete stacking of large aromatic molecules within organic-pillared coordination cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:1810-3. [PMID: 15714451 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200462171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michito Yoshizawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Tashiro S, Tominaga M, Yamaguchi Y, Kato K, Fujita M. Peptide Recognition: Encapsulation and α-Helical Folding of a Nine-Residue Peptide within a Hydrophobic Dimeric Capsule of a Bowl-Shaped Host. Chemistry 2006; 12:3211-7. [PMID: 16470884 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A dimeric capsule of coordination bowl 1 encapsulated a nine-residue peptide (Trp-Ala-Glu-Ala-Ala-Ala-Glu-Ala-Trp; 2) within the large hydrophobic cavity in water, and stabilized the alpha-helical conformation of bound 2. An NMR titration experiment revealed that monomeric bowl 1 recognized two Trp residues at the both terminals of 2 through 1/2 = 1:1 to 2:1 complexation. The 1:1 and 2:1 species exist in equilibrium even in the presence of excess 1. It was found that the formation of the 2:1 complex, in which two bowls of 1 wrapped the whole of 2, became dominant by the addition of NaNO3 due to the fact that the enhanced ion strength increased the hydrophobic interaction between Trp residues and the cavity of 1. The alpha-helical conformation of 2 within the dimeric capsule of 1 was elucidated from detailed NOESY analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tashiro
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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41
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Das N, Ghosh A, Singh OM, Stang PJ. Facile Synthesis of Enantiopure Chiral Molecular Rectangles Exhibiting Induced Circular Dichroism. Org Lett 2006; 8:1701-4. [PMID: 16597145 DOI: 10.1021/ol060365+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] The facile syntheses of enantiopure molecular rectangles using 1,8-bis(trans-Pt(PEt(3))(2)(NO(3)))anthracene and optically pure d- or l-tartrate are reported in high yields. These self-assembled macrocycles are unique examples where the phenomenon of induced chiral dichroism (ICD) has been observed in chiral metallosupramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeladri Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S, 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Das N, Stang PJ, Arif AM, Campana CF. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Carborane-Containing Neutral, Self-Assembled Pt-Metallacycles. J Org Chem 2005; 70:10440-6. [PMID: 16323855 DOI: 10.1021/jo0517085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] We have combined carborane chemistry with the newly developed directional bonding strategy to synthesize neutral macrocycles. The m- and p-carborane dicarboxylates were utilized as the donor linkers in conjunction with 1,8-bis[trans-Pt(PEt3)2NO3]anthracene 3, 2,9-bis[trans-Pt(PEt3)2NO3]phenanthrene 5, and cis-Pt(PEt3)2(NO3)2 unit 6. Three new platinum-based macrocycles, 4, 7, and 8, were thus synthesized. 31P{1H} NMR as well as the X-ray characterization of Pt-metallacycles reveal the formation of single highly symmetrical neutral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeladri Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Yuan QH, Wan LJ, Jude H, Stang PJ. Self-Organization of a Self-Assembled Supramolecular Rectangle, Square, and Three-Dimensional Cage on Au(111) Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:16279-86. [PMID: 16287321 DOI: 10.1021/ja0549300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structure and conformation of three self-assembled supramolecular species, a rectangle, a square, and a three-dimensional cage, on Au111 surfaces were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. These supramolecular assemblies adsorb on Au111 surfaces and self-organize to form highly ordered adlayers with distinct conformations that are consistent with their chemical structures. The faces of the supramolecular rectangle and square lie flat on the surface, preserving their rectangle and square conformations, respectively. The three-dimensional cage also forms well-ordered adlayers on the gold surface, forming regular molecular rows of assemblies. When the rectangle and cage were mixed together, the assemblies separated into individual domains, and no mixed adlayers were observed. These results provide direct evidence of the noncrystalline solid-state structures of these assemblies and information about how they self-organize on Au111 surfaces, which is of importance in the potential manufacturing of functional nanostructures and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Hui Yuan
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100080
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44
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Jude H, Disteldorf H, Fischer S, Wedge T, Hawkridge AM, Arif AM, Hawthorne MF, Muddiman DC, Stang PJ. Coordination-Driven Self-Assemblies with a Carborane Backbone. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:12131-9. [PMID: 16117555 DOI: 10.1021/ja053050i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The design and self-assembly of five new supramolecular complexes (a rectangle, a triangle, a hexagon, and two squares) are described. These assemblies incorporate carborane building blocks and were prepared in excellent yields (>85%). The assemblies and building blocks were characterized with multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Isotopically resolved mass spectrometry data confirm the existence of the rectangle, triangle, and hexagon, and NMR data are consistent with the formation of all five assemblies. The X-ray structures of two linear carborane building blocks, 1,12-(4-CC(C(5)H(4)N)(2)-p-C(2)B(10)H(10) (1) and 1,12-(trans-(Pt(PEt(3))(2)I)CC)(2)-p-C(2)B(10)H(10) (2), are reported: 1 is monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 10.6791(4) A, b = 8.0091(14) A, c = 11.6796(4) A, beta = 107.8461(15) degrees , V = 950.89(5) A(3), Z = 2; 2 is monoclinic, C2/c, a = 62.1128(10) A, b = 22.0071(3) A, c = 14.0494(2) A, beta = 89.9411(8) degrees , V = 19204.4(5) A(3), Z = 16. Crystals of the linear linker 1 exhibit close pi-pi pyridine and pyridine-B(carborane) interactions, which are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hershel Jude
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Fujita M, Tominaga M, Hori A, Therrien B. Coordination assemblies from a Pd(II)-cornered square complex. Acc Chem Res 2005; 38:369-78. [PMID: 15835883 DOI: 10.1021/ar040153h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1716] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The [enPd(II)]2+ (en = ethylenediamine) unit has emerged as a versatile building block in molecular self-assembly. In particular, the 90 degrees coordination angle of the metal has been judiciously used in the design of new discrete two- and three-dimensional structures. Our last 15 years of work with the Pd(II)-cornered unit is summarized in this Account, from the spontaneous formation of a Pd4 square metal complex to a family of architectures such as cages, bowls, boxes, tubes, catenanes, and spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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46
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Discrete Stacking of Large Aromatic Molecules within Organic-Pillared Coordination Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200462171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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