1
|
Mahler L, Niehs SP, Martin K, Weber T, Scherlach K, Hertweck C, Roth M, Rosenbaum MA. Highly parallelized droplet cultivation and prioritization of antibiotic producers from natural microbial communities. eLife 2021; 10:64774. [PMID: 33764297 PMCID: PMC8081529 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics from few culturable microorganisms have saved millions of lives since the 20th century. But with resistance formation, these compounds become increasingly ineffective, while the majority of microbial and with that chemical compound diversity remains inaccessible for cultivation and exploration. Culturing recalcitrant bacteria is a stochastic process. But conventional methods are limited to low throughput. By increasing (i) throughput and (ii) sensitivity by miniaturization, we innovate microbiological cultivation to comply with biological stochasticity. Here, we introduce a droplet-based microscale cultivation system, which is directly coupled to a high-throughput screening for antimicrobial activity prior to strain isolation. We demonstrate that highly parallelized in-droplet cultivation starting from single cells results in the cultivation of yet uncultured species and a significantly higher bacterial diversity than standard agar plate cultivation. Strains able to inhibit intact reporter strains were isolated from the system. A variety of antimicrobial compounds were detected for a selected potent antibiotic producer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mahler
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Sarah P Niehs
- Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Karin Martin
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Weber
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Kirstin Scherlach
- Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.,Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Roth
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Miriam A Rosenbaum
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maezono SMB, Park GE, Lee YR. Regiospecific construction of diverse and polyfunctionalized γ-pyrone cores by indium(iii)-catalyzed annulation of diazodicarbonyls with active methylenes, 4-hydroxycoumarins, or 4-hydroxyquinolinone. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01006d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and novel annulation protocol for the construction of diverse and polyfunctionalized γ-pyrones via an InBr3-catalyzed reaction is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ga Eul Park
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan 712-749
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan 712-749
- Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Niehs SP, Scherlach K, Hertweck C. Genomics-driven discovery of a linear lipopeptide promoting host colonization by endofungal bacteria. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8345-8352. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01515e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The linear lipopeptide holrhizin is an important mediator of the Burkholderia-Rhizopus interaction that promotes bacterial colonization of the fungal host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P. Niehs
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI)
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Kirstin Scherlach
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI)
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI)
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park K, Li N, Kwak Y, Srnec M, Bell CB, Liu LV, Wong SD, Yoda Y, Kitao S, Seto M, Hu M, Zhao J, Krebs C, Bollinger JM, Solomon EI. Peroxide Activation for Electrophilic Reactivity by the Binuclear Non-heme Iron Enzyme AurF. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7062-7070. [PMID: 28457126 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Binuclear non-heme iron enzymes activate O2 for diverse chemistries that include oxygenation of organic substrates and hydrogen atom abstraction. This process often involves the formation of peroxo-bridged biferric intermediates, only some of which can perform electrophilic reactions. To elucidate the geometric and electronic structural requirements to activate peroxo reactivity, the active peroxo intermediate in 4-aminobenzoate N-oxygenase (AurF) has been characterized spectroscopically and computationally. A magnetic circular dichroism study of reduced AurF shows that its electronic and geometric structures are poised to react rapidly with O2. Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopic definition of the peroxo intermediate formed in this reaction shows that the active intermediate has a protonated peroxo bridge. Density functional theory computations on the structure established here show that the protonation activates peroxide for electrophilic/single-electron-transfer reactivity. This activation of peroxide by protonation is likely also relevant to the reactive peroxo intermediates in other binuclear non-heme iron enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States.,Department of Chemistry, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Yeonju Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Martin Srnec
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Caleb B Bell
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Lei V Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Shaun D Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | | | - Shinji Kitao
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University , Kumatori-cho, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Makoto Seto
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University , Kumatori-cho, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Michael Hu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jiyong Zhao
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Carsten Krebs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - J Martin Bollinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States.,Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford, California 94309, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
In search of antiparasitic agents, we here identify arylmethylamino steroids as potent compounds and characterize more than 60 derivatives. The lead compound 1o is fast acting and highly active against intraerythrocytic stages of chloroquine-sensitive and resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites (IC50 1–5 nM) as well as against gametocytes. In P. berghei-infected mice, oral administration of 1o drastically reduces parasitaemia and cures the animals. Furthermore, 1o efficiently blocks parasite transmission from mice to mosquitoes. The steroid compounds show low cytotoxicity in mammalian cells and do not induce acute toxicity symptoms in mice. Moreover, 1o has a remarkable activity against the blood-feeding trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni. The steroid and the hydroxyarylmethylamino moieties are essential for antimalarial activity supporting a chelate-based quinone methide mechanism involving metal or haem bioactivation. This study identifies chemical scaffolds that are rapidly internalized into blood-feeding parasites. Steroid units can facilitate membrane permeation and bioavailability in drugs. Here, using a medicinal chemistry program, Krieg et al. identify an arylmethylamino steroid that kills Plasmodium parasites, likely through a chelate-based quinone methide mechanism, and has activity against Schistosoma mansoni.
Collapse
|
6
|
Franke J, Hertweck C. Biomimetic Thioesters as Probes for Enzymatic Assembly Lines: Synthesis, Applications, and Challenges. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:1179-1192. [PMID: 27693058 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thioesters play essential roles in many biosynthetic pathways to fatty acids, esters, polyketides, and non-ribosomal peptides. Coenzyme A (CoA) and related phosphopantetheine thioesters are typically employed as activated acyl units for diverse C-C, C-O, and C-N coupling reactions. To study and control these enzymatic assembly lines in vitro and in vivo structurally simplified analogs such as N-acetylcysteamine (NAC) thioesters have been developed. This review gives an overview on experimental strategies enabled by synthetic NAC thioesters, such as the elucidation of complex biosynthetic pathways and enzyme mechanisms as well as precursor-directed biosynthesis and mutasynthesis. The review also summarizes synthetic protocols and protection group strategies to access these versatile synthetic tools, which are reactive and often unstable compounds. In addition, alternative phosphopantetheine thioester mimics are presented that can be used as protein tags or suicide inhibitors for protein crosslinking and off-loading probes to elucidate polyketide intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Franke
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Solomon EI, Park K. Structure/function correlations over binuclear non-heme iron active sites. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:575-88. [PMID: 27369780 PMCID: PMC5010389 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Binuclear non-heme iron enzymes activate O2 to perform diverse chemistries. Three different structural mechanisms of O2 binding to a coupled binuclear iron site have been identified utilizing variable-temperature, variable-field magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy (VTVH MCD). For the μ-OH-bridged Fe(II)2 site in hemerythrin, O2 binds terminally to a five-coordinate Fe(II) center as hydroperoxide with the proton deriving from the μ-OH bridge and the second electron transferring through the resulting μ-oxo superexchange pathway from the second coordinatively saturated Fe(II) center in a proton-coupled electron transfer process. For carboxylate-only-bridged Fe(II)2 sites, O2 binding as a bridged peroxide requires both Fe(II) centers to be coordinatively unsaturated and has good frontier orbital overlap with the two orthogonal O2 π* orbitals to form peroxo-bridged Fe(III)2 intermediates. Alternatively, carboxylate-only-bridged Fe(II)2 sites with only a single open coordination position on an Fe(II) enable the one-electron formation of Fe(III)-O2 (-) or Fe(III)-NO(-) species. Finally, for the peroxo-bridged Fe(III)2 intermediates, further activation is necessary for their reactivities in one-electron reduction and electrophilic aromatic substitution, and a strategy consistent with existing spectral data is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5080, USA.
| | - Kiyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dong S, Fang C, Tang W, Lu T, Du D. Alkynyl Acylammoniums as Electrophilic 3C Synthons in a Formal [3 + 3] Annulation: Access to Functionalized 4H-Pyran-4-ones. Org Lett 2016; 18:3882-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuding Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Chao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Weifang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ding Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Reetz MT. What are the Limitations of Enzymes in Synthetic Organic Chemistry? CHEM REC 2016; 16:2449-2459. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T. Reetz
- Fachbereich Chemie (15) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein Straße; 35032 Marburg Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Thornburg CK, Wortas-Strom S, Nosrati M, Geiger JH, Walker KD. Kinetically and Crystallographically Guided Mutations of a Benzoate CoA Ligase (BadA) Elucidate Mechanism and Expand Substrate Permissivity. Biochemistry 2015; 54:6230-42. [PMID: 26378464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A benzoate CoA ligase (BadA), isolated from the bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris, catalyzes the conversion of benzoate to benzoyl CoA on the catabolic pathway of aromatic carboxylic acids. Herein, apparent Michaelis constants K(app)cat and K(app)M were determined for an expanded array of 31 substrates chosen to systematically probe the active site architecture of the enzyme and provide a baseline for expansion of wild-type substrate specificity. Acyl CoA products were observed for 25 of the 31 substrates; in general, BadA converted ortho-substituted substrates better than the corresponding meta and para regioisomers, and the turnover number was more affected by steric rather than electronic effects. The kinetic data are interpreted in relation to six crystal structures of BadA in complex with several substrates and a benzoyl-AMP reaction intermediate. In contrast to other known natural substrate-bound benzoate ligase structures, all substrate-bound BadA structures adopted the thiolation conformation instead of the adenylation conformation. We also observed all the aryl carboxylates to be uniquely oriented within the active site, relative to other structures. Together, the kinetics and structural data suggested a mechanism that involves substrate binding in the thiolation conformation, followed by substrate rotation to an active orientation upon the transition to the adenylation conformation. On the basis of this hypothesis and the structural data, sterically demanding active site residues were mutated, and the substrate specificity was expanded substantially versus that of BadA. Novel activities were seen for substrates with larger substituents, including phenyl acetate. Additionally, the mutant Lys427Ala identified this nonconserved residue as essential for the thiolation step of BadA, but not adenylation. These variously acylated CoAs can serve as novel substrates of acyl CoA-dependent acyltransferases in coupled enzyme assays to produce analogues of bioactive natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea K Thornburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Susan Wortas-Strom
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Meisam Nosrati
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - James H Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Kevin D Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tyagi C, Bathke J, Goyal S, Fischer M, Dahse HM, Chacko S, Becker K, Grover A. Targeting the intersubunit cavity of Plasmodium falciparum glutathione reductase by a novel natural inhibitor: Computational and experimental evidence. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 61:72-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
12
|
Sugimoto Y, Ishida K, Traitcheva N, Busch B, Dahse HM, Hertweck C. Freedom and Constraint in Engineered Noncolinear Polyketide Assembly Lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:229-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
13
|
Hermane J, Bułyszko I, Eichner S, Sasse F, Collisi W, Poso A, Schax E, Walter JG, Scheper T, Kock K, Herrmann C, Aliuos P, Reuter G, Zeilinger C, Kirschning A. New, non-quinone fluorogeldanamycin derivatives strongly inhibit Hsp90. Chembiochem 2015; 16:302-11. [PMID: 25572106 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces hygroscopicus is a natural producer of geldanamycin. Mutasynthetic supplementation of an AHBA-blocked mutant with all possible monofluoro 3-aminobenzoic acids provided new fluorogeldanamycins. These showed strong antiproliferative activity and inhibitory effects on human heat shock protein Hsp90. Binding to Hsp90 in the low nanomolar range was determined from molecular modelling, AFM analysis and by calorimetric studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jekaterina Hermane
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover (Germany)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pidot S, Ishida K, Cyrulies M, Hertweck C. Discovery of Clostrubin, an Exceptional Polyphenolic Polyketide Antibiotic from a Strictly Anaerobic Bacterium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7856-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
15
|
Pidot S, Ishida K, Cyrulies M, Hertweck C. Discovery of Clostrubin, an Exceptional Polyphenolic Polyketide Antibiotic from a Strictly Anaerobic Bacterium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
16
|
Ongley SE, Bian X, Neilan BA, Müller R. Recent advances in the heterologous expression of microbial natural product biosynthetic pathways. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:1121-38. [PMID: 23832108 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70034h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The heterologous expression of microbial natural product biosynthetic pathways coupled with advanced DNA engineering enables optimisation of product yields, functional elucidation of cryptic gene clusters, and generation of novel derivatives. This review summarises the recent advances in cloning and maintenance of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters for heterologous expression and the efforts fundamental for discovering novel natural products in the post-genomics era, with a focus on polyketide synthases (PKSs) and non-ribosomal polypeptide synthetases (NRPS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Ongley
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ueberschaar N, Dahse HM, Bretschneider T, Hertweck C. Rational Design of an Apoptosis-Inducing Photoreactive DNA Intercalator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
18
|
Ueberschaar N, Dahse HM, Bretschneider T, Hertweck C. Rational Design of an Apoptosis-Inducing Photoreactive DNA Intercalator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6185-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
19
|
Busch B, Ueberschaar N, Behnken S, Sugimoto Y, Werneburg M, Traitcheva N, He J, Hertweck C. Multifactorial Control of Iteration Events in a Modular Polyketide Assembly Line. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5285-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
20
|
Busch B, Ueberschaar N, Behnken S, Sugimoto Y, Werneburg M, Traitcheva N, He J, Hertweck C. Multifactorial Control of Iteration Events in a Modular Polyketide Assembly Line. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
21
|
Galm U, Shen B. Expression of biosynthetic gene clusters in heterologous hosts for natural product production and combinatorial biosynthesis. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 1:409-37. [PMID: 23495943 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.1.5.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Expression of biosynthetic gene clusters in heterologous hosts for natural product production and combinatorial biosynthesis is playing an increasingly important role in natural product-based drug discovery and development programmes. This review highlights the requirements and challenges associated with this conceptually simple strategy of using surrogate hosts for the production of natural products in good yields and for the generation of novel analogues by combinatorial biosynthesis methods, taking advantage of the recombinant DNA technologies and tools available in the model hosts. Specific topics addressed include: i) the mobilisation of biosynthetic gene clusters using different vector systems; ii) the selection of suitable model heterologous hosts; iii) the requirement of post-translational protein modifications and precursor supply within the model hosts; iv) the influence of promoters and pathway regulators; and v) the choice of suitable fermentation conditions. Lastly, the use of heterologous expression in combinatorial biosynthesis is addressed. Future directions for model heterologous host engineering and the optimisation of natural product biosynthetic gene cluster expression in heterologous hosts are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ute Galm
- Divison of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ivanova V, Laatsch H, Kolarova M, Aleksieva K. Structure elucidation of a new natural diketopiperazine from a Microbispora aerata strain isolated from Livingston Island, Antarctica. Nat Prod Res 2012; 27:164-70. [PMID: 22420410 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.665911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A new natural diketopiperazine (1) was obtained from the culture broth of Microbispora aerata strain imbas-11A, isolated from penguin excrements collected on the Antarctic Livingston Island. Compound 1 was purified consecutively by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The structure of the compound was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments and mass spectrometric investigations. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was determined by amino acid analysis and NOESY correlations. A low antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect of trans-cyclo-(D-tryptophanyl-L-tyrosyl) (1) was determined with L-929 mouse fibroblast cells, K-562 human leukemia cells and HeLa human cervix carcinoma. Trans-cyclo-(D-tryptophanyl-L-tyrosyl) (1) did not show antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 50 µg per disc against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptomyces viridochromogenes, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Mucor miehei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veneta Ivanova
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G.Bonchev-str., Bl. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Taft F, Harmrolfs K, Nickeleit I, Heutling A, Kiene M, Malek N, Sasse F, Kirschning A. Combined Muta- and Semisynthesis: A Powerful Synthetic Hybrid Approach to Access Target Specific Antitumor Agents Based on Ansamitocin P3. Chemistry 2011; 18:880-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
24
|
Eichner S, Knobloch T, Floss HG, Fohrer J, Harmrolfs K, Hermane J, Schulz A, Sasse F, Spiteller P, Taft F, Kirschning A. The interplay between mutasynthesis and semisynthesis: generation and evaluation of an ansamitocin library. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:752-7. [PMID: 22135226 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Eichner
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Eichner S, Knobloch T, Floss HG, Fohrer J, Harmrolfs K, Hermane J, Schulz A, Sasse F, Spiteller P, Taft F, Kirschning A. The Interplay between Mutasynthesis and Semisynthesis: Generation and Evaluation of an Ansamitocin Library. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
26
|
Werneburg M, Busch B, He J, Richter ME, Xiang L, Moore BS, Roth M, Dahse HM, Hertweck C. Exploiting enzymatic promiscuity to engineer a focused library of highly selective antifungal and antiproliferative aureothin analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:10407-13. [PMID: 20662518 PMCID: PMC2925430 DOI: 10.1021/ja102751h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aureothin is a shikimate-polyketide hybrid metabolite from Streptomyces thioluteus with a rare nitroaryl moiety, a chiral tetrahydrofuran ring, and an O-methylated pyrone ring. The antimicrobial and antitumor activities of aureothin have caught our interest in modulating its structure as well as its bioactivity profile. In an integrated approach using mutasynthesis, biotransformation, and combinatorial biosynthesis, a defined library of aureothin analogues was generated. The promiscuity of the polyketide synthase assembly line toward different starter units and the plasticity of the pyrone and tetrahydrofuran ring formation were exploited. A selection of 15 new aureothin analogues with modifications at the aryl residue, the pyrone ring, and the oxygenated backbone was produced on a preparative scale and fully characterized. Remarkably, various new aureothin derivatives are less cytotoxic than aureothin but have improved antiproliferative activities. Furthermore, we found that the THF ring is crucial for the remarkably selective activity of aureothin analogues against certain pathogenic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Werneburg
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology,
HKI, Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany,
and the Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany, and the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California,
92093-0204 U.S.A
| | - Benjamin Busch
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology,
HKI, Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany,
and the Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany, and the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California,
92093-0204 U.S.A
| | - Jing He
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology,
HKI, Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany,
and the Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany, and the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California,
92093-0204 U.S.A
| | - Martin E.A. Richter
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology,
HKI, Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany,
and the Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany, and the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California,
92093-0204 U.S.A
| | - Longkuan Xiang
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology,
HKI, Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany,
and the Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany, and the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California,
92093-0204 U.S.A
| | - Bradley S. Moore
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology,
HKI, Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany,
and the Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany, and the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California,
92093-0204 U.S.A
| | - Martin Roth
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology,
HKI, Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany,
and the Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany, and the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California,
92093-0204 U.S.A
| | - Hans-Martin Dahse
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology,
HKI, Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany,
and the Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany, and the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California,
92093-0204 U.S.A
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology,
HKI, Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany,
and the Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany, and the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California,
92093-0204 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Rohm B, Scherlach K, Hertweck C. Biosynthesis of the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ATPase) inhibitor bongkrekic acid in Burkholderia gladioli. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:1520-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b925483h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
29
|
Busch B, Hertweck C. Evolution of metabolic diversity in polyketide-derived pyrones: using the non-colinear aureothin assembly line as a model system. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:1833-1840. [PMID: 19651421 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyketide-derived pyrones are structurally diverse secondary metabolites that are represented in all three kingdoms of life and are endowed with various biological functions. The aureothin family of Streptomyces metabolites was chosen as a model to study the factors governing structural diversity and the evolutionary processes involved. This review highlights recent insights into the non-colinear aureothin and neoaureothin modular type I polyketide synthase (PKS), aromatic starter unit biosynthesis, polyketide tailoring reactions, and a non-enzymatic polyene splicing cascade. Pyrone biosynthesis in bacteria, fungi, and plants is compared. Finally, various strategies to increase metabolic diversity of aureothin derivatives through mutasynthesis, pathway engineering, and biotransformation are presented. The unusual aureothin and neoaureothin assembly lines thus not only represent a model for PKS evolution, but provided important insights into non-canonical enzymatic processes that could be employed for the production of antitumor and antifungal agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Busch
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Jena, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Eichner S, Floss HG, Sasse F, Kirschning A. New, Highly Active Nonbenzoquinone Geldanamycin Derivatives by Using Mutasynthesis. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1801-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
31
|
|
32
|
|
33
|
Wilk W, Waldmann H, Kaiser M. γ-Pyrone natural products—A privileged compound class provided by nature. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:2304-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Revised: 11/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
34
|
Magarvey NA, Fortin PD, Thomas PM, Kelleher NL, Walsh CT. Gatekeeping versus promiscuity in the early stages of the andrimid biosynthetic assembly line. ACS Chem Biol 2008; 3:542-54. [PMID: 18652473 DOI: 10.1021/cb800085g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The antibiotic andrimid, a nanomolar inhibitor of bacterial acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, is generated on an unusual polyketide/nonribosomal peptide enzyme assembly line in that all thiolation (T) domains/small-molecule building stations are on separate proteins. In addition, a transglutaminase homologue is used to condense andrimid building blocks together on the andrimid assembly line. The first two modules of the andrimid assembly line yields an octatrienoyl-beta-Phe-thioester tethered to the AdmI T domain, with amide bond formation carried out by a free-standing transglutaminase homologue AdmF. Analysis of the aminomutase AdmH reveals its specific conversion from l-Phe to (S)-beta-Phe, which in turn is activated by AdmJ and ATP to form (S)-beta-Phe-aminoacyl-AMP. AdmJ then transfers the (S)-beta-Phe moiety to one of the free-standing T domains, AdmI, but not AdmA, which instead gets loaded with an octatrienoyl group by other enzymes. AdmF, the amide synthase, will accept a variety of acyl groups in place of the octatrienoyl donor if presented on either AdmA or AdmI. AdmF will also use either stereoisomer of phenylalanine or beta-Phe when presented on AdmA and AdmI, but not when placed on noncognate T domains. Further, we show the polyketide synthase proteins responsible for the polyunsaturated acyl cap can be bypassed in vitro with N-acetylcysteamine as a low-molecular-weight acyl donor to AdmF and also in vivo in an Escherichia coli strain bearing the andrimid biosynthetic gene cluster with a knockout in admA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Magarvey
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Pascal D. Fortin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Paul M. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana−Champaign, Illinois 61801
| | - Neil L. Kelleher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana−Champaign, Illinois 61801
| | - Christopher T. Walsh
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Werneburg M, Hertweck C. Chemoenzymatic Total Synthesis of the Antiproliferative Polyketide (+)-(R)-Aureothin. Chembiochem 2008; 9:2064-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
36
|
Taft F, Brünjes M, Floss HG, Czempinski N, Grond S, Sasse F, Kirschning A. Highly active ansamitocin derivatives: mutasynthesis using an AHBA-blocked mutant. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1057-60. [PMID: 18381586 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Taft
- Zentrum für Biomolekulare Wirkstoffe (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wangun HVK, Dahse HM, Hertweck C. Epicoccamides B-D, glycosylated tetramic acid derivatives from an Epicoccum sp. associated with the tree fungus Pholiota squarrosa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:1800-1803. [PMID: 17966985 DOI: 10.1021/np070245q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Three new tetramic acid derivatives, epicoccamides B-D, together with the known epicoccamide, were isolated from an Epicoccum sp. associated with the tree fungus Pholiota squarrosa. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their physical data and chemical degradation. The epicoccamides differ in substitution pattern and in the size of the central carbon chain. The derivative with the longest chain, epicoccamide D, induces morphogenesis and pigment formation in surface cultures of the fungus Phoma destructiva at a concentration of 1.7 mM. Moreover, it exhibits weak to moderate cytotoxicity to HeLa cell lines (CC50 17.0 microM) and antiproliferative effects toward mouse fibroplast (L-929) and human leukemia cell lines (K-562) with growth inhibition (GI50) of 50.5 and 33.3 microM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilaire V Kemami Wangun
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Traitcheva N, Jenke-Kodama H, He J, Dittmann E, Hertweck C. Non-Colinear Polyketide Biosynthesis in the Aureothin and Neoaureothin Pathways: An Evolutionary Perspective. Chembiochem 2007; 8:1841-9. [PMID: 17763486 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aureothin and neoaureothin (spectinabilin) represent rare nitroaryl-substituted polyketide metabolites from Streptomyces thioluteus and Streptomyces orinoci, respectively, which only differ in the lengths of the polyene backbones. Cloning and sequencing of the 39 kb neoaureothin (nor) biosynthesis gene cluster and its comparison with the aureothin (aur) pathway genes revealed that both polyketide synthase (PKS) assembly lines are remarkably similar. In both cases the module architecture breaks with the principle of colinearity, as individual PKS modules are used in an iterative fashion. Parsimony and neighbour-joining phylogenetic studies provided insights into the evolutionary process that led to the programming of these unusual type I PKS systems and to prediction of which modules act iteratively. The iterative function of the first module in the neoaureothin pathway, NorA, was confirmed by a successful cross-complementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Traitcheva
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Winkler
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI) Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ivanova V, Kolarova M, Aleksieva K, Dornberger KJ, Haertl A, Moellmann U, Dahse HM, Chipev N. Sanionins: Anti‐Inflammatory and Antibacterial Agents with Weak Cytotoxicity from the Antarctic MossSanionia georgico‐uncinata. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 37:343-52. [PMID: 17849289 DOI: 10.1080/10826060701593241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sanionins A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the moss Sanionia georgico-uncinata, collected on the Antarctic Livingston Island. The compounds 1 and 2 were purified by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography, and preparative HPLC, consecutively. The structures of the both compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments and mass spectrometric investigations. These compounds showed activity against important Gram-positive pathogens, such as mycobacteria, multiresistant staphylococci, and vancomycin resistant enterococci. This activity is combined with antiinflammatoric activity and low cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veneta Ivanova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Winkler R, Richter MEA, Knüpfer U, Merten D, Hertweck C. Regio- and Chemoselective Enzymatic N-Oxygenation In Vivo, In Vitro, and in Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:8016-8. [PMID: 17080472 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200603060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Winkler
- Abteilung Biomolekulare Chemie, Leibniz-Institut für Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Winkler R, Richter MEA, Knüpfer U, Merten D, Hertweck C. Regio- and Chemoselective Enzymatic N-Oxygenation In Vivo, In Vitro, and in Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200603060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
43
|
Müller M, Kusebauch B, Liang G, Beaudry CM, Trauner D, Hertweck C. Photochemische Herkunft der Immunsuppressiva SNF4435C/D und Bildung von Orinocin durch “Polyen-Splicing”. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200602840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
44
|
Müller M, Kusebauch B, Liang G, Beaudry CM, Trauner D, Hertweck C. Photochemical Origin of the Immunosuppressive SNF4435C/D and Formation of Orinocin through “Polyene Splicing”. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:7835-8. [PMID: 17066387 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Müller
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Maison W. Natural Products Research: Renaissance with Strengthened Integration of Biology and Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:3000-2. [PMID: 16642512 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200601297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Maison
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Maison W. Naturstoff-Forschung – Renaissance mit verstärkter Integration von Biologie und Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200601297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Müller
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Products Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bode HB, Müller R. Der Einfluss bakterieller Genomik auf die Naturstoff-Forschung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
49
|
Abstract
"There's life in the old dog yet!" This adage also holds true for natural product research. After the era of natural products was declared to be over, because of the introduction of combinatorial synthesis techniques, natural product research has taken a surprising turn back towards a major field of pharmaceutical research. Current challenges, such as emerging multidrug-resistant bacteria, might be overcome by developments which combine genomic knowledge with applied biology and chemistry to identify, produce, and alter the structure of new lead compounds. Significant biological activity is reported much less frequently for synthetic compounds, a fact reflected in the large proportion of natural products and their derivatives in clinical use. This Review describes the impact of microbial genomics on natural products research, in particularly the search for new lead structures and their optimization. The limitations of this research are also discussed, thus allowing a look into future developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helge B Bode
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biotechnologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Postfach 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Winkler R, Hertweck C. Sequenzielle enzymatische Oxidation von Aminoarenen zu Nitroarenen über Hydroxylamine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200500365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|