1
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Kolagkis PX, Serviou SK, Stini NA, Demertzidou VP, Poursaitidis ET, Galathri EM, Mountanea OG, Skolia E, Kokotos CG. Deciphering the Knoevenagel condensation: towards a catalyst-free and water-mediated process. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39302224 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01420k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
The Knoevenagel condensation constitutes one of the most well-studied and crucial transformations in organic chemistry, since it facilitates the synthesis of numerous valuable compounds. With the advent of green chemistry, several alternative protocols for the Knoevenagel reaction have been introduced and catalyst-free approaches to the Knoevenagel condensation have also been mentioned, however the harsh temperatures employed and the limited substrate scope restricted their application. Herein, we have performed an extensive study on the catalyst-free and water-mediated Knoevenagel reaction, with specific focus on optimising the green parameters and metrics of our methodology. Additionally, we directly compared our approach with previous catalyst-free methods, while providing a fast assembly of multiple compounds in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periklis X Kolagkis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Stamatis K Serviou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Naya A Stini
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Vera P Demertzidou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Efthymios T Poursaitidis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Eirini M Galathri
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Olga G Mountanea
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Elpida Skolia
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
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2
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Versteeg FG, Picchioni F. Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer Polymerization in Supercritical CO 2: A Review. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400514. [PMID: 39259254 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The development of cleaner, more environmentally friendly processes in polymerization technology is crucial due to the prevalent use of volatile organic solvents (VOCs), which are harmful and toxic. Future regulations are likely to limit or ban VOCs. This review explores the use of supercritical solvents, specifically supercritical CO2 (scCO2), in polymerization processes. The study focuses on reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) induced homo-polymerization of various monomers using specific chain transfer agents (CTAs) in scCO2. RAFT polymerization, a reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) polymerization, relies heavily on the choice of CTA, which significantly influences the dispersity and molar mass of the resulting polymers. Stabilizers are also crucial in controlling product specifications for polymerizations in supercritical CO2, except for fluor-based polymers, although they must be removed and preferably recycled to ensure product purity and sustainability. The review notes that achieving high molar mass through RAFT polymerization in scCO2 is challenging due to solubility limits, which lead to polymer precipitation. Despite this, RAFT polymerization in scCO2 shows promise for sustainable, circular production of low molar mass polymers, although these cannot yet be fully considered green products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friso G Versteeg
- Department of Chemical Engineering - Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Department of Chemical Engineering - Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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3
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Hisada T, Osada R, Kitanosono T, Yamashita Y, Kobayashi S. Vigorously stirred La 2O 3 suspensions for Michael additions in water. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9994-9996. [PMID: 39176444 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02343a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the effectiveness of vigorously stirred lanthanum oxide (La2O3) suspensions in catalyzing Michael additions in water. These surfactant-free suspensions offer a counterintuitive yet highly efficient approach compared to traditional methods. Notably, the reactions are ineffective in the absence of water, suggesting a crucial role for the aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Hisada
- Deparment of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Rina Osada
- Deparment of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Taku Kitanosono
- Deparment of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Yamashita
- Deparment of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shū Kobayashi
- Deparment of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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4
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Kim S, Lee SB, Park JH, Kim DH, Kim SB, Bae HY. Highly Functionalized SuFEx-able Hub Bearing All-Carbon Quaternary Center via Rapid Brønsted Superbase Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:7352-7356. [PMID: 39177181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
A rapid Brønsted superbase catalysis for highly functionalized sulfur(VI)-fluoride exchange (SuFEx) hubs bearing all-carbon quaternary centers was developed. Remarkable functional group tolerance toward esters and nitriles was achieved by Michael addition of cyanoacetate derivatives to ethenesulfonyl fluoride with low catalyst loadings (∼0.5 mol %) within a short reaction time (0.5-30 min). Gram-scalability, water tolerance, and compatibility in polymeric catalysis showcase its unique practicability. SuFEx click conjugations were demonstrated using various amines, including DNA-tethered biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Bu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Yong Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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5
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Heitland J, Lee JC, Ban L, Abma GL, Fortune WG, Fielding HH, Yoder BL, Signorell R. Valence Electronic Structure of Interfacial Phenol in Water Droplets. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:7396-7406. [PMID: 39182189 PMCID: PMC11382284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c04269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Biochemistry and a large part of atmospheric chemistry occur in aqueous environments or at aqueous interfaces, where (photo)chemical reaction rates can be increased by up to several orders of magnitude. The key to understanding the chemistry and photoresponse of molecules in and "on" water lies in their valence electronic structure, with a sensitive probe being photoelectron spectroscopy. This work reports velocity-map photoelectron imaging of submicrometer-sized aqueous phenol droplets in the valence region after nonresonant (288 nm) and resonance-enhanced (274 nm) two-photon ionization with femtosecond ultraviolet light, complementing previous liquid microjet studies. For nonresonant photoionization, our concentration-dependent study reveals a systematic decrease in the vertical binding energy (VBE) of aqueous phenol from 8.0 ± 0.1 eV at low concentration (0.01 M) to 7.6 ± 0.1 eV at high concentration (0.8 M). We attribute this shift to a systematic lowering of the energy of the lowest cationic state with increasing concentration caused by the phenol dimer and aggregate formation at the droplet surface. Contrary to nonresonant photoionization, no significant concentration dependence of the VBE was observed for resonance-enhanced photoionization. We explain the concentration-independent VBE of ∼8.1 eV observed upon resonant ionization by ultrafast intermediate state relaxation and changes in the accessible Franck-Condon region as a consequence of the lowering of the intermediate state potential energy due to the formation of phenol excimers and excited phenol aggregates. Correcting for the influence of electron transport scattering in the droplets reduced the measured VBEs by 0.1-0.2 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Heitland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jong Chan Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Loren Ban
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Grite L Abma
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - William G Fortune
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, WC1H 0AJ London, U.K
| | - Helen H Fielding
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, WC1H 0AJ London, U.K
| | - Bruce L Yoder
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Kosmalski T, Kołodziejska R, Przybysz M, Szeleszczuk Ł, Pawluk H, Mądra-Gackowska K, Studzińska R. The Application of Green Solvents in the Synthesis of S-Heterocyclic Compounds-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9474. [PMID: 39273421 PMCID: PMC11395059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclic organic compounds containing sulfur atoms constitute a large group, and they play an important role in the chemistry of heterocyclic compounds. They are valuable intermediates for the synthesis of other compounds or biologically active compounds themselves. The synthesis of heterocyclic compounds poses a major challenge for organic chemists, especially in the context of applying the principles of "green chemistry". This work is a review of the methods of synthesis of various S-heterocyclic compounds using green solvents such as water, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, glycerol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and sabinene. The syntheses of five-, six-, and seven-membered heterocyclic compounds containing a sulfur atom or atoms, as well as those with other heteroatoms and fused-ring systems, are described. It is shown that using green solvents determines the attractiveness of conditions for many reactions; for others, such use constitutes a real compromise between efficiency and mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kosmalski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 2 Jurasza Str., 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Renata Kołodziejska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza Str., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Monika Przybysz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 2 Jurasza Str., 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Pawluk
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza Str., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mądra-Gackowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 Skłodowskiej Curie Str., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Renata Studzińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 2 Jurasza Str., 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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7
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Hong P, Zhu X, Chen F, Huang M, Wan Y. CuSO 4/ N-(9 H-carbazol-9-yl)picolinamide-Catalyzed C-O Coupling of (Hetero)Aryl Chlorides with Phenols on Water. Org Lett 2024; 26:7202-7206. [PMID: 39167722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
A Cu-catalyzed C-O coupling of (hetero)aryl chlorides with phenols at 120 °C on water was developed with a designed ligand, N-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)picolinamide (L2). This method features a good substrate scope (both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing), low catalyst/ligand loadings (down to 1 mol %), and excellent scalability and practicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and Their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Xinhai Zhu
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and Their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
- Instrument Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Fu Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Manna Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and Their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Yiqian Wan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and Their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
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8
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Ni F, Wang Z, Feng X. On-Water Surface Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Polymer Membranes for Sustainable Energy Devices. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:2414-2427. [PMID: 39126386 PMCID: PMC11339920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusIon-selective membranes are key components for sustainable energy devices, including osmotic power generators, electrolyzers, fuel cells, and batteries. These membranes facilitate the flow of desired ions (permeability) while efficiently blocking unwanted ions (selectivity), which forms the basis for energy conversion and storage technologies. To improve the performance of energy devices, the pursuit of high-quality membranes has garnered substantial interest, which has led to the exploration of numerous candidates, such as polymeric membranes (e.g., polyamide and polyelectrolyte), laminar membranes (e.g., transition metal carbide (MXene) and graphene oxide (GO)) and nanoporous 2D membranes (e.g., single-layer MoS2 and porous graphene). Despite impressive progress, the trade-off effect between ion permeability and selectivity remains a major scientific and technological challenge for these membranes, impeding the efficiency and stability of the resulting energy devices.Two-dimensional polymers (2DPs), which represent monolayer to few-layer covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with periodicity in two directions, have emerged as a new candidate for ion-selective membranes. The crystalline 2DP membranes (2DPMs) are typically fabricated either by bulk crystal exfoliation followed by filtration or by direct interfacial synthesis. Recently, the development of surfactant-monolayer-assisted interfacial synthesis (SMAIS) method by our group has been pivotal, enabling the synthesis of various highly crystalline and large-area 2DPMs with tunable thicknesses (1 to 100 nm) and large crystalline domain sizes (up to 120 μm2). Compared to other membranes, 2DPMs exhibit well-defined one-dimensional (1D) channels, customizable surface charge, ultrahigh porosity, and ultrathin thickness, enabling them to overcome the permeability-selectivity trade-off challenge. Leveraging these attributes, 2DPMs have established their critical roles in diverse energy devices, including osmotic power generators and metal ion batteries, opening the door for next-generation technology aimed at sustainability with a low carbon footprint.In this Account, we review our achievements in synthesizing 2DPMs through the SMAIS method and highlight their selective-ion-transport properties and applications in sustainable energy devices. We initially provide an overview of the SMAIS method for producing highly crystalline 2DPMs by utilizing the programmable assembly and enhanced reactivity/selectivity on the water surface. Subsequently, we discuss the critical structural parameters of 2DPMs, including pore sizes, charged sites, crystallinity, and thickness, to elucidate their roles in selective ion transport. Furthermore, we present the burgeoning landscape of energy device applications for 2DPMs, including their use in osmotic power generators and as electrode coating in metal ion batteries. Finally, we conclude persistent challenges and future prospects encountered in synthetic chemistry, material science, and energy device applications within this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ni
- Department
of Synthetic Materials and Functional Devices, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department
of Synthetic Materials and Functional Devices, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry
and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Department
of Synthetic Materials and Functional Devices, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry
and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
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9
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Verbeke R, Linden GM, Dreier P, Kampf C, Frey H. Polymerization of Epoxides at a Static Oil-Alkaline Water Interface. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400423. [PMID: 39141847 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
'On-water' catalysis entails the significant enhancement of a chemical reaction by water, even when those reactions are known to be water-sensitive. Here, the findings about the anionic ring opening polymerization of epoxides at the static interface between oil and alkaline water are shared. Unexpectedly, high molar mass fractions are observed with the interfacial system presented herein, albeit at very low conversions (< 5%). Styrene oxide, a notably unreactive epoxide, is chosen as the model compound to investigate the influence of several reaction parameters (i.e., pH, type of the initiator salt, polymerization time, interfacial area, solvent, shaking) on the polymerization. Poly(styrene oxide) (PSO) with an Mn of 5300 g mol-1 is observed via MALDI-ToF MS, with species of at least 8000 g mol-1. The feasibility of expanding the system to (cyclic) aliphatic and aromatic epoxides, and glycidyl ethers is also explored. The system appears to promote polymerization of epoxides that position at the interface, in such a way that initiation and propagation can occur. A mechanistic interpretation of the interfacial polymerization is suggested. The surprising results obtained in this work urge to revisit the role of water in ionic polymerizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Verbeke
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Membrane Technology Group, Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Gregor M Linden
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Dreier
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christopher Kampf
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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10
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Martins-Costa MTC, Ruiz-López MF. The Structure of Carbon Dioxide at the Air-Water Interface and its Chemical Implications. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400825. [PMID: 38838064 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The efficient reduction of CO2 into valuable products is a challenging task in an international context marked by the climate change crisis and the need to move away from fossil fuels. Recently, the use of water microdroplets has emerged as an interesting reaction media where many redox processes which do not occur in conventional solutions take place spontaneously. Indeed, several experimental studies in microdroplets have already been devoted to study the reduction of CO2 with promising results. The increased reactivity in microdroplets is thought to be linked to unique electrostatic solvation effects at the air-water interface. In the present work, we report a theoretical investigation on this issue for CO2 using first-principles molecular dynamics simulations. We show that CO2 is stabilized at the interface, where it can accumulate, and that compared to bulk water solution, its electron capture ability is larger. Our results suggest that reduction of CO2 might be easier in interface-rich systems such as water microdroplets, which is in line with early experimental data and indicate directions for future laboratory studies. The effect of other relevant factors which could play a role in CO2 reduction potential is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia T C Martins-Costa
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Manuel F Ruiz-López
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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11
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Mori M, Sugai H, Sato K, Okada A, Matsuo T, Kinbara K. A bioinspired bifunctional catalyst: an amphiphilic organometallic catalyst for ring-closing metathesis forming liquid droplets in aqueous media. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7979-7982. [PMID: 38976255 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01117a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by phase-separated biopolymers with enzymatic activity, we developed an amphiphilic catalyst consisting of alternating hydrophilic oligo(ethylene glycol) and hydrophobic aromatic units bearing a Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst center (MAHGII). MAHGII served as both a droplet-forming scaffold and a catalyst for ring-closing metathesis reactions, providing a new biomimetic system that promotes organic reactions in an aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Mori
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroka Sugai
- Research Center for Autonomous Systems Materialogy (ASMat), Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Sato
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Asuki Okada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kazushi Kinbara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
- Research Center for Autonomous Systems Materialogy (ASMat), Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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12
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Lee K, Cho Y, Kim JC, Choi C, Kim J, Lee JK, Li S, Kwak SK, Choi SQ. Catalyst-free selective oxidation of C(sp 3)-H bonds in toluene on water. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6127. [PMID: 39033208 PMCID: PMC11271591 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The anisotropic water interfaces provide an environment to drive various chemical reactions not seen in bulk solutions. However, catalytic reactions by the aqueous interfaces are still in their infancy, with the emphasis being on the reaction rate acceleration on water. Here, we report that the oil-water interface activates and oxidizes C(sp3)-H bonds in toluene, yielding benzaldehyde with high selectivity (>99%) and conversion (>99%) under mild, catalyst-free conditions. Collision at the interface between oil-dissolved toluene and hydroxyl radicals spontaneously generated near the water-side interfaces is responsible for the unexpectedly high selectivity. Protrusion of free OH groups from interfacial water destabilizes the transition state of the OH-addition by forming π-hydrogen bonds with toluene, while the H-abstraction remains unchanged to effectively activate C(sp3)-H bonds. Moreover, the exposed free OH groups form hydrogen bonds with the produced benzaldehyde, suppressing it from being overoxidized. Our investigation shows that the oil-water interface has considerable promise for chemoselective redox reactions on water without any catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungmun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiyoung Choi
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyoo Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kwak
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Siyoung Q Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Liu X, Zhu R, Yang Y, Xue Y, Xu D. Theoretical insights into enantioselective [2 + 1] cyclopropanation reactions of diazo compounds with electron-deficient olefins. J Mol Model 2024; 30:274. [PMID: 39023638 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The cyclopropane skeleton plays a significant role in bioactive molecules due to its distinctive structural properties. This has sparked keen interest and in-depth exploration in the field of stereoselective synthesis of cyclopropane derivatives. In the present study, the mechanism and the origin of stereoselectivity of diastereodivergent synthesis of cyclopropane derivatives via the catalyst-free [2 + 1]-cyclopropanation reactions of 3-diazo-N-methylindole (R1) with two types of electron-deficient olefins (R2 and R3) in both aqueous and toluene media have been studied using the DFT calculations. The findings indicate that these [2 + 1] cycloaddition reactions proceed in two stages, where the first step is not only the rate-determining step but also critically dictates the stereoselectivity of the product. The calculated diastereomeric ratios are in agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, by utilizing non-covalent interaction (NCI) analysis and energy decomposition analysis based on molecular force fields (EDA-FF), we elucidated that the electrostatic interactions between reactant fragments in the transition state TS1s for the first step are the predominant factors determining the stereoselectivity, as opposed to the experimentally hypothesized steric hindrance and π-π stacking interactions. METHODS The geometrical structures of all minima and transition states on the potential energy surface (PES) in solvents water and toluene were fully optimized using the DFT method at the M06-2X(D3)/SMD/6-31 + G(d,p) level of theory. Single-point energy calculations were carried out based on the optimized geometries in the solution at the M06-2X(D3)/6-311 + G(d,p) level. All the DFT calculations were performed using the Gaussian 09 software. The optimized molecular structures were visualized using CYLview software. NCI analysis was performed using the Multiwfn and VMD softwares. The Multiwfn program was also used for CDFT and EDA-FF analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Liu
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyu Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xue
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dingguo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
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14
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Gunji YP, Adamatzky A. Computation Implemented by the Interaction of Chemical Reaction, Clustering, and De-Clustering of Molecules. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:432. [PMID: 39056873 PMCID: PMC11274543 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9070432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A chemical reaction and its reaction environment are intrinsically linked, especially within the confines of narrow cellular spaces. Traditional models of chemical reactions often use differential equations with concentration as the primary variable, neglecting the density heterogeneity in the solution and the interaction between the reaction and its environment. We model the interaction between a chemical reaction and its environment within a geometrically confined space, such as inside a cell, by representing the environment through the size of molecular clusters. In the absence of fluctuations, the interplay between cluster size changes and the activation and inactivation of molecules induces oscillations. However, in unstable environments, the system reaches a fluctuating steady state. When an enzyme is introduced to this steady state, oscillations akin to action potential spike trains emerge. We examine the behavior of these spike trains and demonstrate that they can be used to implement logic gates. We discuss the oscillations and computations that arise from the interaction between a chemical reaction and its environment, exploring their potential for contributing to chemical intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Pegio Gunji
- Department of Intermedia Art and Science, School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Waseda University, Ohkubo 3-4-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Andrew Adamatzky
- Unconventional Computing Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;
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15
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Sun Q, Chen YN, Liu YZ. The Effects of External Interfaces on Hydrophobic Interactions I: Smooth Surface. Molecules 2024; 29:3128. [PMID: 38999080 PMCID: PMC11243484 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
External interfaces, such as the air-water and solid-liquid interfaces, are ubiquitous in nature. Hydrophobic interactions are considered the fundamental driving force in many physical and chemical processes occurring in aqueous solutions. It is important to understand the effects of external interfaces on hydrophobic interactions. According to the structural studies on liquid water and the air-water interface, the external interface primarily affects the structure of the topmost water layer (interfacial water). Therefore, an external interface may affect hydrophobic interactions. The effects of interfaces on hydrophobicity are related not only to surface molecular polarity but also to the geometric characteristics of the external interface, such as shape and surface roughness. This study is devoted to understanding the effects of a smooth interface on hydrophobicity. Due to hydrophobic interactions, the solutes tend to accumulate at external interfaces to maximize the hydrogen bonding of water. Additionally, these can be demonstrated by the calculated potential mean forces (PMFs) using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, The School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (Y.-Z.L.)
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16
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de la Puente M, Laage D. Impact of interfacial curvature on molecular properties of aqueous interfaces. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:234504. [PMID: 38888129 DOI: 10.1063/5.0210884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The curvature of soft interfaces plays a crucial role in determining their mechanical and thermodynamic properties, both at macroscopic and microscopic scales. In the case of air/water interfaces, particular attention has recently focused on water microdroplets, due to their distinctive chemical reactivity. However, the specific impact of curvature on the molecular properties of interfacial water and interfacial reactivity has so far remained elusive. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to determine the effect of curvature on a broad range of structural, dynamical, and thermodynamical properties of the interface. For a droplet, a flat interface, and a cavity, we successively examine the structure of the hydrogen-bond network and its relation to vibrational spectroscopy, the dynamics of water translation, rotation, and hydrogen-bond exchanges, and the thermodynamics of ion solvation and ion-pair dissociation. Our simulations show that curvature predominantly impacts the hydrogen-bond structure through the fraction of dangling OH groups and the dynamics of interfacial water molecules. In contrast, curvature has a limited effect on solvation and ion-pair dissociation thermodynamics. For water microdroplets, this suggests that the curvature alone cannot fully account for the distinctive reactivity measured in these systems, which are of great importance for catalysis and atmospheric chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M de la Puente
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - D Laage
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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17
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Kawka A, Koenig H, Nowak D, Pospieszny T. Quasi-Podands with 1,2,3-Triazole Rings from Bile Acid Derivatives: Synthesis, and Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7561-7572. [PMID: 38743871 PMCID: PMC11165584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
An innovative approach to producing derivatives of bile acids has been devised, utilizing the principles of "click" chemistry. By employing intermolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition between the newly developed acyl propiolic esters of bile acids and the azide groups of 1,3,5-tris(azidomethyl)benzene, a novel class of quasi-podands featuring 1,2,3-triazole rings has been synthesized. Identifying and characterizing these six compounds involved comprehensive analysis through spectral techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR), mass spectrometry, and the PM5 semiempirical method. The synthesized compounds' pharmacotherapeutic potential has been evaluated, employing the Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) methodology. Additionally, molecular docking was performed for all molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kawka
- Department
of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hanna Koenig
- Department
of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Damian Nowak
- Department
of Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pospieszny
- Department
of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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18
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Judd KD, Parsons SW, Eremin DB, Fokin VV, Dawlaty JM. Visualizing partial solvation at the air-water interface. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8346-8354. [PMID: 38846382 PMCID: PMC11151832 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01311e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant research, the mechanistic nuances of unusual reactivity at the air-water interface, especially in microdroplets, remain elusive. The likely contributors include electric fields and partial solvation at the interface. To reveal these intricacies, we measure the frequency shift of a well-defined azide vibrational probe at the air-water interface, while independently controlling the surface charge density by introducing surfactants. First, we establish the response of the probe in the bulk and demonstrate that it is sensitive to both electrostatics and hydrogen bonding. From interfacial spectroscopy we infer that the azide is neither fully hydrated nor in a completely aprotic dielectric environment; instead, it experiences an intermediate environment. In the presence of hydrogen bond-accepting sulphate surfactants, competition arises for interfacial water with the azide. However, the dominant influence stems from the electrostatic effect of their negative heads, resulting in a significant blue-shift. Conversely, for the positive ammonium surfactants, our data indicate a balanced interplay between electrostatics and hydrogen bonding, leading to a minimal shift in the probe. Our results demonstrate partial solvation at the interface and highlights that both hydrogen bonding and electrostatics may assist or oppose each other in polarizing a reactant, intermediate, or product at the interface, which is important for understanding and tuning interfacial reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Judd
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Sean W Parsons
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Dmitry B Eremin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Valery V Fokin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Jahan M Dawlaty
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
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19
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Pollet R, Andronaco M, Biswal HS. Onset of Nitriles Hydration with an Environmentally Benign Catalyst: in-Water versus on-Water Conditions. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400108. [PMID: 38426263 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The reaction yield of nitriles hydration using a catalyst depends on the aqueous medium. Using ab initio molecular dynamics, we probed whether "in-water" (in bulk medium) or "on-water" (at the interface with vacuum) conditions can change the onset of the reaction. Investigating a hydrogen-bond mediated mechanism, the lifetimes of the intermolecular interaction between benzonitrile and choline in the two protocols were compared, and the diffusion of the hydroxide anion around the cyano group was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Pollet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mathilde Andronaco
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Himansu S Biswal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), 752050, Bhubaneswar, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, 400094, Mumbai, India
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20
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Tangyen N, Natongchai W, D’Elia V. Catalytic Strategies for the Cycloaddition of CO 2 to Epoxides in Aqueous Media to Enhance the Activity and Recyclability of Molecular Organocatalysts. Molecules 2024; 29:2307. [PMID: 38792168 PMCID: PMC11124216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides to afford versatile and useful cyclic carbonate compounds is a highly investigated method for the nonreductive upcycling of CO2. One of the main focuses of the current research in this area is the discovery of readily available, sustainable, and inexpensive catalysts, and of catalytic methodologies that allow their seamless solvent-free recycling. Water, often regarded as an undesirable pollutant in the cycloaddition process, is progressively emerging as a helpful reaction component. On the one hand, it serves as an inexpensive hydrogen bond donor (HBD) to enhance the performance of ionic compounds; on the other hand, aqueous media allow the development of diverse catalytic protocols that can boost catalytic performance or ease the recycling of molecular catalysts. An overview of the advances in the use of aqueous and biphasic aqueous systems for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides is provided in this work along with recommendations for possible future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valerio D’Elia
- VISTEC Advanced Laboratory for Environment-Related Inorganic and Organic Syntheses, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Wangchan, Thailand; (N.T.); (W.N.)
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21
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Kim SB, Kim DH, Bae HY. "On-Water" accelerated dearomative cycloaddition via aquaphotocatalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3876. [PMID: 38719834 PMCID: PMC11079013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47861-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) has emerged as an innovative click chemistry to harness the pivotal connectivity of sulfonyl fluorides. Synthesizing such alkylated S(VI) molecules through a straightforward process is of paramount importance, and their water-compatibility opens the door to a plethora of applications in biorelevant and materials chemistry. Prior aquatic endeavors have primarily focused on delivering catalysts involving ionic mechanisms, studies regarding visible-light photocatalytic transformation are unprecedented. Herein we report an on-water accelerated dearomative aquaphotocatalysis for heterocyclic alkyl SuFEx hubs. Notably, water exerts a pronounced accelerating effect on the [2 + 2] cycloaddition between (hetero)arylated ethenesulfonyl fluorides and inert heteroaromatics. This phenomenon is likely due to the high-pressure-like reactivity amplification at the water-oil interface. Conventional solvents proved totally ineffective, leading to the isomerization of the starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Bok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Yong Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Niu K, Wang HF, Marcus RA. Sum rule comparison of narrowband and broadband sum frequency generation spectra and comparison with theory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402550121. [PMID: 38691590 PMCID: PMC11087750 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402550121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Earlier sum frequency generation (SFG) experiments involve one infrared and one visible laser, and a measurement of the intensity of the response, yielding data on the surface sensitive properties of the sample. Recently, both the real and imaginary components of the susceptibility were measured in two different sets of experiments. In one set, a broadband infrared laser was used, permitting observations at very short times, while in another set the infrared laser was narrowband, permitting higher spectral resolution. The differences in the spectrum obtained by the two will be most evident in studying narrow absorption bands, e.g., the band due to dangling OH bonds at a water interface. The direct comparisons in the integrated amplitude (sum rule) of the imaginary part of the dangling OH bond region differ by a factor of 3. Due to variations in experimental setup and data processing, corrections were made for the quartz reference, Fresnel factors, and the incident visible laser wavelength. After the corrections, the agreement differs now by the factors of 1.1 within broadband and narrowband groups and the two groups now differ by a factor of 1.5. The 1.5 factor may arise from the extra heating of the more powerful broadband laser system on the water surface. The convolution from the narrowband SFG spectrum to the broadband SFG spectrum is also investigated and it does not affect the sum rule. Theory and narrowband experiments are compared using the sum rule and agree to a factor of 1.3 with no adjustable parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Niu
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin300222, China
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Hong-fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou310030, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou310024, China
| | - Rudolph A. Marcus
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
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23
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Parra-Cadenas B, Fernández I, Carrillo-Hermosilla F, García-Álvarez J, Elorriaga D. Addition of allyl Grignard to nitriles in air and at room temperature: experimental and computational mechanistic insights in pH-switchable synthesis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5929-5937. [PMID: 38665519 PMCID: PMC11040652 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06403d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A straightforward and selective conversion of nitriles into highly substituted tetrahydropyridines, aminoketones or enamines by using allylmagnesium bromide as an addition partner (under neat conditions) and subsequent treatment with different aqueous-based hydrolysis protocols is reported. Refuting the conventional wisdom of the incompatibility of Grignard reagents with air and moisture, we herein report that the presence of water allows us to promote the chemoselective formation of the target tetrahydropyridines over other competing products (even in the case of highly challenging aliphatic nitriles). Moreover, the careful tuning of both the reaction media employed (acid or basic aqueous solutions for the hydrolysis protocol) and the electronic properties of the starting nitriles allowed us to design a multi-task system capable of producing either β-aminoketones or enamines in a totally selective manner. Importantly, and for the first time in the chemistry of main-group polar organometallic reagents in non-conventional protic solvents (e.g., water), both experimental and computational studies showed that the excellent efficiency and selectivity observed in aqueous media cannot be replicated by using standard dry volatile organic solvents (VOCs) under inert atmosphere conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Parra-Cadenas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Fernando Carrillo-Hermosilla
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo E33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - David Elorriaga
- Group of Bioorganometallic Chemistry and Catalysis (BIOMCAT), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo E33071 Oviedo Spain
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24
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Rodríguez-Álvarez MJ, Ríos-Lombardía N, García-Garrido SE, Concellón C, del Amo V, Capriati V, García-Álvarez J. Recent Advancements in the Utilization of s-Block Organometallic Reagents in Organic Synthesis with Sustainable Solvents. Molecules 2024; 29:1422. [PMID: 38611702 PMCID: PMC11012548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This mini-review offers a comprehensive overview of the advancements made over the last three years in utilizing highly polar s-block organometallic reagents (specifically, RLi, RNa and RMgX compounds) in organic synthesis run under bench-type reaction conditions. These conditions involve exposure to air/moisture and are carried out at room temperature, with the use of sustainable solvents as reaction media. In the examples provided, the adoption of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) or even water as non-conventional and protic reaction media has not only replicated the traditional chemistry of these organometallic reagents in conventional and toxic volatile organic compounds under Schlenk-type reaction conditions (typically involving low temperatures of -78 °C to 0 °C and a protective atmosphere of N2 or Ar), but has also resulted in higher conversions and selectivities within remarkably short reaction times (measured in s/min). Furthermore, the application of the aforementioned polar organometallics under bench-type reaction conditions (at room temperature/under air) has been extended to other environmentally responsible reaction media, such as more sustainable ethereal solvents (e.g., CPME or 2-MeTHF). Notably, this innovative approach contributes to enhancing the overall sustainability of s-block-metal-mediated organic processes, thereby aligning with several key principles of Green Chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Dipartimento di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale “Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi” (C.I.N.M.P.I.S.), Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicolás Ríos-Lombardía
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sergio E. García-Garrido
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Concellón
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vicente del Amo
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale “Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi” (C.I.N.M.P.I.S.), Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
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25
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de la Puente M, Gomez A, Laage D. Neural Network-Based Sum-Frequency Generation Spectra of Pure and Acidified Water Interfaces with Air. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3096-3102. [PMID: 38470065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The affinity of hydronium ions (H3O+) for the air-water interface is a crucial question in environmental chemistry. While sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy has been instrumental in indicating the preference of H3O+ for the interface, key questions persist regarding the molecular origin of the SFG spectral changes in acidified water. Here we combine nanosecond long neural network (NN) reactive simulations of pure and acidified water slabs with NN predictions of molecular dipoles and polarizabilities to calculate SFG spectra of long reactive trajectories including proton transfer events. Our simulations show that H3O+ ions cause two distinct changes in phase-resolved SFG spectra: first, a low-frequency tail due to the vibrations of H3O+ and its first hydration shell, analogous to the bulk proton continuum, and second, an enhanced hydrogen-bonded band due to the ion-induced static field polarizing molecules in deeper layers. Our calculations confirm that changes in the SFG spectra of acidic solutions are caused by hydronium ions preferentially residing at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de la Puente
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieur, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Axel Gomez
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieur, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Damien Laage
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieur, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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26
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Galembeck F, Santos LP, Burgo TAL, Galembeck A. The emerging chemistry of self-electrified water interfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2578-2602. [PMID: 38305696 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00763d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Water is known for dissipating electrostatic charges, but it is also a universal agent of matter electrification, creating charged domains in any material contacting or containing it. This new role of water was discovered during the current century. It is proven in a fast-growing number of publications reporting direct experimental measurements of excess charge and electric potential. It is indirectly verified by its success in explaining surprising phenomena in chemical synthesis, electric power generation, metastability, and phase transition kinetics. Additionally, electrification by water is opening the way for developing green technologies that are fully compatible with the environment and have great potential to contribute to sustainability. Electrification by water shows that polyphasic matter is a charge mosaic, converging with the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars effect, which was discovered one century ago but is still often ignored. Electrified sites in a real system are niches showing various local electrochemical potentials for the charged species. Thus, the electrified mosaics display variable chemical reactivity and mass transfer patterns. Water contributes to interfacial electrification from its singular structural, electric, mixing, adsorption, and absorption properties. A long list of previously unexpected consequences of interfacial electrification includes: "on-water" reactions of chemicals dispersed in water that defy current chemical wisdom; reactions in electrified water microdroplets that do not occur in bulk water, transforming the droplets in microreactors; and lowered surface tension of water, modifying wetting, spreading, adhesion, cohesion, and other properties of matter. Asymmetric capacitors charged by moisture and water are now promising alternative equipment for simultaneously producing electric power and green hydrogen, requiring only ambient thermal energy. Changing surface tension by interfacial electrification also modifies phase-change kinetics, eliminating metastability that is the root of catastrophic electric discharges and destructive explosions. It also changes crystal habits, producing needles and dendrites that shorten battery life. These recent findings derive from a single factor, water's ability to electrify matter, touching on the most relevant aspects of chemistry. They create tremendous scientific opportunities to understand the matter better, and a new chemistry based on electrified interfaces is now emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Galembeck
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, 13083-872, Campinas, Brazil.
- Galembetech Consultores e Tecnologia, 13080-661, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leandra P Santos
- Galembetech Consultores e Tecnologia, 13080-661, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thiago A L Burgo
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Andre Galembeck
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-560, Recife, Brazil
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27
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Patamia V, Saccullo E, Zagni C, Tomarchio R, Quattrocchi G, Floresta G, Rescifina A. γ-Cyclodextrins as Supramolecular Reactors for the Three-component Aza-Darzens Reaction in Water. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303984. [PMID: 38127103 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, many efforts have been devoted to studying reactions catalyzed in nanoconfined spaces. The most impressive aspect of catalysis in nanoconfined spaces is that the reactivity of the molecules can be smartly driven to disobey classical behavior. A green and efficient three-component aza-Darzens (TCAD) reaction using a catalytic amount of γ-cyclodextrins (CDs) in water has been developed to synthesize N-phenylaziridines. CDs effectively performed this reaction in an environmentally friendly setting, achieving good yields. The same reaction was then performed using polymeric γ-CD such as a γ-cyclodextrin polymer crosslinked (GCDPC) with epichlorohydrin, a sponge-like macroporous γ-cyclodextrin-based cryogel (GCDC), and a γ-cyclodextrin-based hydrogel (GCDH). The homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst recovery was then studied, and it was proved to be easily recycled several times without relevant activity loss. Water, as a unique and eco-friendly reaction medium, has been utilized for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in this reaction. The inclusion of the reagents in CDs has been studied and rationalized by NMR spectroscopy experiments and molecular modeling calculations. The credit of the presented protocol includes good yields and catalyst reusability and precludes the use of organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Patamia
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Erika Saccullo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (Biometec), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Zagni
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Tomarchio
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Quattrocchi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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28
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Virdi J, Dusunge A, Handa S. Aqueous Micelles as Solvent, Ligand, and Reaction Promoter in Catalysis. JACS AU 2024; 4:301-317. [PMID: 38425936 PMCID: PMC10900500 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Water is considered to be the most sustainable and safest solvent. Micellar catalysis is a significant contributor to the chemistry in water. It promotes pathways involving water-sensitive intermediates and transient catalytic species under micelles' shielding effect while also replacing costly ligands and dipolar-aprotic solvents. However, there is a lack of critical information about micellar catalysis. This includes why it works better than traditional catalysis in organic solvents, why specific rules in micellar catalysis differ from those of conventional catalysis, and how the limitations of micellar catalysis can be addressed in the future. This Perspective aims to highlight the current gaps in our understanding of micellar catalysis and provide an analysis of designer surfactants' origin and essential components. This will also provide a fundamental understanding of micellar catalysis, including how aqueous micelles can simultaneously perform multiple functions such as solvent, ligand, and reaction promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep
K. Virdi
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Ashish Dusunge
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Sachin Handa
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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29
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Hasani L, Ezzatzadeh E, Hossaini Z. Green synthesis and investigation of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of new derivatives of chromenoazepines employing CuO/TiO 2@MWCNTs. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-023-10803-7. [PMID: 38403738 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10803-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel, high-yield derivatives of chromenoazepine was investigated in this work. CuO/TiO2@MWCNTs was used as a nanocatalyst in a multicomponent reaction involving 4-aminocumarine, activated acetylenic chemicals, and alkyl bromide in room temperature water to create these novel compounds. Using MCRs of 4-aminocumarine, isothiocyanate, and alkyl bromide in the presence of CuO/TiO2@MWCNTs as nanocatalysts in room-temperature water, chromenothiazepines were synthesized under comparable conditions. The freshly synthesized azepine exhibits antioxidant activity since its NH group has undergone two evaluation processes. Additionally, using two types of Gram-negative bacteria in a disk distribution procedure, the antibacterial activity of recently developed azepines was evaluated, and these compounds also inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. This method's benefits include quick reaction times, large product yields, and straightforward catalyst and product separation through easy steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hasani
- Department of Chemistry, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Elham Ezzatzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.
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30
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Vannoy KJ, Dick JE. The shocking story of the plastic bead that fixes nitrogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322425121. [PMID: 38324605 PMCID: PMC10895278 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322425121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey E. Dick
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, West Lafayette, IN47907
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31
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Tian YM, Silva W, Gschwind RM, König B. Accelerated photochemical reactions at oil-water interface exploiting melting point depression. Science 2024; 383:750-756. [PMID: 38359135 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Water can accelerate a variety of organic reactions far beyond the rates observed in classical organic solvents. However, using pure water as a solvent introduces solubility constraints that have limited the applicability of efficient photochemistry in particular. We report here the formation of aggregates between pairs of arenes, heteroarenes, enamines, or esters with different electron affinities in an aqueous medium, leading to an oil-water phase boundary through substrate melting point depression. The active hydrogen atoms in the reactants engage in hydrogen bonds with water, thereby accelerating photochemical reactions. This methodology realizes appealingly simple conditions for aqueous coupling reactions of complex solid molecules, including complex drug molecules that are poorly soluble in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ming Tian
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wagner Silva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ruth M Gschwind
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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32
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Liu J, Yang Z, Yan Z, Duan S, Chen X, Cui D, Cao D, Kuang T, Ma X, Wang W. Chemical Micromotors Move Faster at Oil-Water Interfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4221-4233. [PMID: 38305127 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Many real-world scenarios involve interfaces, particularly liquid-liquid interfaces, that can fundamentally alter the dynamics of colloids. This is poorly understood for chemically active colloids that release chemicals into their environment. We report here the surprising discovery that chemical micromotors─colloids that convert chemical fuels into self-propulsion─move significantly faster at an oil-water interface than on a glass substrate. Typical speed increases ranged from 3 to 6 times up to an order of magnitude and were observed for different types of chemical motors and interfaces made with different oils. Such speed increases are likely caused by faster chemical reactions at an oil-water interface than at a glass-water interface, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. Our results provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between chemical micromotors and their environments, which are important for applications in the human body or in the removal of organic pollutants from water. In addition, this study also suggests that chemical reactions occur faster at an oil-water interface and that micromotors can serve as a probe for such an effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zuyao Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shifang Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Donghao Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dezhou Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ting Kuang
- Education Center of Experiments and Innovations, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xing Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
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33
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Martins-Costa MTC, Ruiz-López MF. Reactivity of Monoethanolamine at the Air-Water Interface and Implications for CO 2 Capture. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1289-1297. [PMID: 38279927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The development of CO2-capture technologies is key to mitigating climate change due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. These cover a number of technologies designed to reduce the level of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere or to eliminate CO2 from ambient air. In this context, amine-based sorbents in aqueous solutions are broadly used in most advanced separation techniques currently implemented in industrial applications. It has been reported that the gas/liquid interface plays an important role in the early stages of the capture process, but how the interface influences the chemistry is still a matter of debate. With the help of first-principles molecular dynamics simulations, we show that monoethanolamine (MEA), a prototypical sorbent molecule, has a weak affinity for the air-water interface, where in addition it exhibits a lower nucleophilicity compared to bulk solution. The change in reactivity is due to the combination of structural and electronic factors, namely, the shift of the conformational equilibrium and the stabilization of the N-atom lone pair. Based on these results, strategies for improving the efficiency of alkanolamine sorbents are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia T C Martins-Costa
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Manuel F Ruiz-López
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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34
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Chatgilialoglu C, Barata-Vallejo S, Gimisis T. Radical Reactions in Organic Synthesis: Exploring in-, on-, and with-Water Methods. Molecules 2024; 29:569. [PMID: 38338314 PMCID: PMC10856544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Radical reactions in water or aqueous media are important for organic synthesis, realizing high-yielding processes under non-toxic and environmentally friendly conditions. This overview includes (i) a general introduction to organic chemistry in water and aqueous media, (ii) synthetic approaches in, on, and with water as well as in heterogeneous phases, (iii) reactions of carbon-centered radicals with water (or deuterium oxide) activated through coordination with various Lewis acids, (iv) photocatalysis in water and aqueous media, and (v) synthetic applications bioinspired by naturally occurring processes. A wide range of chemical processes and synthetic strategies under different experimental conditions have been reviewed that lead to important functional group translocation and transformation reactions, leading to the preparation of complex molecules. These results reveal how water as a solvent/medium/reagent in radical chemistry has matured over the last two decades, with further discoveries anticipated in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Center of Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland
| | - Sebastian Barata-Vallejo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 954, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Thanasis Gimisis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
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35
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Wang C, Chu Y, Xiong D, Wang H, Hu M, Wang Q, Xu J, Deng F. Water-Induced Micro-Hydrophobic Effect Regulates Benzene Methylation in Zeolite. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313974. [PMID: 37934010 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Water is a ubiquitous component in heterogeneous catalysis over zeolites and can significantly influence the catalyst performance. However, the detailed mechanism insights into zeolite-catalyzed reactions under microscale aqueous environment remain elusive. Here, using multiple dimensional solid-state NMR experiments coupled with ultrahigh magic angle spinning technique and theoretical simulations, we establish a fundamental understanding of the role of water in benzene methylation over ZSM-5 zeolite under water vapor conditions. We show that water competes with benzene for the active sites of zeolite and facilitates the bimolecular reaction mechanism. The growth of water clusters induces a micro-hydrophobic effect in zeolite pores, which reorients benzene molecules and drives their interactions with surface methoxy species (SMS) on zeolite. We identify the formation and evolution of active SMS-Benzene complexes in a microscale aqueous environment and demonstrate that their accumulation in zeolite pores boosts benzene conversion and methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yueying Chu
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Danfeng Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis and Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China) + These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis and Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China) + These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Min Hu
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Deng
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
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36
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Hashidoko A, Kitanosono T, Yamashita Y, Kobayashi S. Water vs. Organic Solvents: Water-Controlled Divergent Reactivity of 2-Substituted Indoles. Chem Asian J 2024:e202301045. [PMID: 38217396 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Water is not a good solvent for most organic compounds, yet water can offer many benefits to some organic reactions, hence enriching organic chemistry. Herein, the unique divergent reactivity of 2-substituted indoles with ⋅NO sources is presented. The amount of water solvent was harnessed for a scalable, benign, and expedient synthesis of indolenine oximes, albeit with water's inability to dissolve the reactants. 2-Methoxyethyl nitrite, which has been tailored for reactions in water, empowered this protocol by enhancing the product selectivity. We further report on chemoselective transformations of the products that rely on their structural features. Our findings are expected to offer access to an underexplored chemical space. The platform is also applicable to oximinomalonate synthesis. Mechanistic studies revealed the important role of water in the reversal of stability between oxime and nitroso compounds, promoting the proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airu Hashidoko
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taku Kitanosono
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shū Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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37
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Shah TA, Sarkar T, Kar S, Maharana PK, Talukdar K, Punniyamurthy T. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Directed C-H Functionalization in/on Water. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300815. [PMID: 37932013 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Directing group assisted C-H bond functionalization using transition-metal-catalysis has emerged as a reliable synthetic tool for the construction of regioselective carbon-carbon/heteroatom bonds. Off late, "in/on water directed transition-metal-catalysis", though still underdeveloped, has appeared as one of the prominent themes in sustainable organic chemistry. This article covers the advancements, mechanistic insights and application of the sustainable directed C-H bond functionalization of (hetero)arenes in/on water in the presence of transition-metal-catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Material Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University, PO Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E
| | - Tanumay Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Subhradeep Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Maharana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Kangkan Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
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38
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Lu SM, Vannoy KJ, Dick JE, Long YT. Multiphase Chemistry under Nanoconfinement: An Electrochemical Perspective. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25043-25055. [PMID: 37934860 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Most relevant systems of interest to modern chemists rarely consist of a single phase. Real-world problems that require a rigorous understanding of chemical reactivity in multiple phases include the development of wearable and implantable biosensors, efficient fuel cells, single cell metabolic characterization techniques, and solar energy conversion devices. Within all of these systems, confinement effects at the nanoscale influence the chemical reaction coordinate. Thus, a fundamental understanding of the nanoconfinement effects of chemistry in multiphase environments is paramount. Electrochemistry is inherently a multiphase measurement tool reporting on a charged species traversing a phase boundary. Over the past 50 years, electrochemistry has witnessed astounding growth. Subpicoampere current measurements are routine, as is the study of single molecules and nanoparticles. This Perspective focuses on three nanoelectrochemical techniques to study multiphase chemistry under nanoconfinement: stochastic collision electrochemistry, single nanodroplet electrochemistry, and nanopore electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Kathryn J Vannoy
- Department of Chemistry, Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
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39
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Qiu L, Saha M, Kraft S, Dziekonski ET, Welch CJ, Dai Y, Kaerner A, Cooks RG. Quantitative Determination of Water in Organic Liquids by Ambient Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310884. [PMID: 37740943 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
This study uses a rapid tandem mass-spectrometry method to determine water content in complex organic solutions. Emphasis is placed on trace-water analysis by a fast and accurate alternative to the Karl-Fischer method. In this new method, water is captured by a charge-labeled molecular probe. Water binds strongly with high specificity to the strongly electrophilic aldehyde site in a charge-labelled molecule (N-methylpyridinium); competitive binding by other analytes is effectively discriminated against in the mass-measurement step. Quantitative determinations are made over a wide concentration range, 0.001 % (10 ppm) to 99 %, with better than 10 % relative standard deviation, along with short (1 min) analysis times using small sample volumes (several μL). Applications include water measurement in simple organic solvents, for example, deuterated solvents, as well as in complex mixtures, for example, organic reaction mixtures. Additionally, this method allows for water monitoring in levitated droplets. Mechanistic investigations into the impact of water on important chemical processes in organic synthesis and environmental science are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mousumi Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Eric T Dziekonski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Christopher J Welch
- Indiana Consortium for Analytical Science & Engineering (ICASE), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yumin Dai
- Department of Analytical Development, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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40
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Hajdaś G, Kawka A, Koenig H, Kułaga D, Sosnowska K, Mrówczyńska L, Pospieszny T. Click chemistry as a method for the synthesis of steroid bioconjugates of bile acids derivatives and sterols. Steroids 2023; 199:109282. [PMID: 37482327 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Six steroid conjugates of bile acids and sterol derivatives have been synthesized using the click chemistry method. The azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition of the propionyl ester of lithocholic, deoxycholic and cholic acid with azide derivatives of cholesterol and cholestanol gave new bile acid-sterol conjugates linked with a 1,2,3-triazole ring. Previously, sterols were converted to bromoacetate substituted derivatives by reaction with bromoacetic acid bromide in anhydrous dichloromethane. These compounds were then converted to azide derivatives using sodium azide. The propiolic esters of lithocholic, deoxycholic and cholic acids were obtained by reaction with propiolic acid in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid. Additionally, two of these steroids: methyl 3α-propynoyloxy-12α-acetoxy-5β-cholane-24-oate and methyl 3α-propynoyloxy-7 α,12α-diacetoxy-5β-cholane-24-oate were also obtained and characterized for the first time. All conjugates were obtained in good yields using an efficient synthesis method. The structures of all conjugates and the four substrates were confirmed by spectral (1H- and 13C NMR, FT-IR) analysis, mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and PM5 semiempirical methods. The pharmacotherapeutic potential of the synthesized compounds was estimated based on the in silico Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) method. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was in vitro evaluated in a hemolytic assay using human erythrocytes as a cell model. The in silico and in vitro study results indicate that the selected compound possesses an interesting biological activity and can be considered as potential drug design agent. Additionally, molecular docking was performed for the selected conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Hajdaś
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Kawka
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hanna Koenig
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Damian Kułaga
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sosnowska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lucyna Mrówczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pospieszny
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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41
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Rao Z, Fang YG, Pan Y, Yu W, Chen B, Francisco JS, Zhu C, Chu C. Accelerated Photolysis of H 2O 2 at the Air-Water Interface of a Microdroplet. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37914533 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical homolysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) occurs widely in nature and is a key source of hydroxyl radicals (·OH). The kinetics of H2O2 photolysis play a pivotal role in determining the efficiency of ·OH production, which is currently mainly investigated in bulk systems. Here, we report considerably accelerated H2O2 photolysis at the air-water interface of microdroplets, with a rate 1.9 × 103 times faster than that in bulk water. Our simulations show that due to the trans quasiplanar conformational preference of H2O2 at the air-water interface compared to the bulk or gas phase, the absorption peak in the spectrum of H2O2 is significantly redshifted by 45 nm, corresponding to greater absorbance of photons in the sunlight spectrum and faster photolysis of H2O2. This discovery has great potential to solve current problems associated with ·OH-centered heterogeneous photochemical processes in aerosols. For instance, we show that accelerated H2O2 photolysis in microdroplets could lead to markedly enhanced oxidation of SO2 and volatile organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Rao
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ye-Guang Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 China
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yishuai Pan
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wanchao Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 China
| | - Chiheng Chu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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42
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Kopyt M, Tryniszewski M, Barbasiewicz M, Kwiatkowski P. Enantioselective Addition of Dialkyl Malonates to β-Arylethenesulfonyl Fluorides under High-Pressure Conditions. Org Lett 2023; 25:6818-6822. [PMID: 37655810 PMCID: PMC10521026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Application of high-pressure conditions enables enantioselective Michael-type addition of dialkyl malonates to β-arylethenesulfonyl fluorides. The reaction is efficiently catalyzed with 5 mol % of tertiary amino-thiourea at 9 kbar. Chiral alkanesulfonyl fluorides are formed in yields of up to 96% and enantioselectivities of up to 92%. Functionalization of the adducts via sulfur fluoride exchange (SuFEx) reaction and desulfonylative cyclization is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kopyt
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, University
of Warsaw, Żwirki
i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Tryniszewski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Barbasiewicz
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Kwiatkowski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, University
of Warsaw, Żwirki
i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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43
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Wei D, Lu HY, Miao HZ, Feng CG, Lin GQ, Liu Y. Pd-catalyzed intermolecular consecutive double Heck reaction "on water" under air: facile synthesis of substituted indenes. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19312-19316. [PMID: 37377870 PMCID: PMC10291873 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03510g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient and environmentally benign method for the preparation of substituted indene derivatives has been developed by using water as the sole solvent. This reaction proceeded under air, tolerated a wide range of functional-groups and was easily scaled up. Bioactive natural products like indriline were synthesized via the developed protocol. Preliminary results demonstrate that the enantioselective variant can also be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200127 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200092 China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Han-Yu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Han-Zhe Miao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chen-Guo Feng
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200127 China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200127 China
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44
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Vincent CA, Ripak A, Troian-Gautier L, Tambar UK. Photocatalytic conversion of aryl diazonium salts to sulfonyl fluorides. Tetrahedron 2023; 139:133364. [PMID: 38404686 PMCID: PMC10887421 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Sulfonyl fluorides have emerged as powerful tools in chemical biology for the selective labelling of proteins. A photocatalytic method is described for the conversion of aryl diazonium salts to aryl sulfonyl fluorides. The diazonium substrates are easily obtained in one step from functionalized anilines. We present the optimization of this mild method for the synthesis of sulfonyl fluorides, the scope of the transformation with a series of functionalized diazonium salts, and we discuss photophysical measurements that provide detailed information about the mechanism of the photochemical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cooper A. Vincent
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9038, United States
| | - Alexia Ripak
- Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Uttam K. Tambar
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9038, United States
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45
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Maltby K, Sharma K, Short MAS, Farooque S, Hamill R, Blacker AJ, Kapur N, Willans CE, Nguyen BN. Rationalizing and Adapting Water-Accelerated Reactions for Sustainable Flow Organic Processes. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:8675-8684. [PMID: 37323809 PMCID: PMC10265699 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Water-accelerated reactions, wherein at least one organic reactant is not soluble in water, are an important class of organic reactions, with a potentially pivotal impact on sustainability of chemical manufacturing processes. However, mechanistic understanding of the factors controlling the acceleration effect has been limited, due to the complex and varied physical and chemical nature of these processes. In this study, a theoretical framework has been established to calculate the rate acceleration of known water-accelerated reactions, giving computational estimations of the change to ΔG‡ which correlate with experimental data. In-depth study of a Henry reaction between N-methylisatin and nitromethane using our framework led to rationalization of the reaction kinetics, its lack of dependence on mixing, kinetic isotope effect, and different salt effects with NaCl and Na2SO4. Based on these findings, a multiphase flow process which includes continuous phase separation and recycling of the aqueous phase was developed, and its superior green metrics (PMI-reaction = 4 and STY = 0.64 kg L-1 h-1) were demonstrated. These findings form the essential basis for further in silico discovery and development of water-accelerated reactions for sustainable manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna
A. Maltby
- Institute
of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Krishna Sharma
- Institute
of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Marc A. S. Short
- Institute
of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Sannia Farooque
- Institute
of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Rosalie Hamill
- Institute
of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - A. John Blacker
- Institute
of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Nikil Kapur
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Charlotte E. Willans
- Institute
of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Bao N. Nguyen
- Institute
of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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46
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Malgaretti P, Bafile U, Vallauri R, Jedlovszky P, Sega M. Surface viscosity in simple liquids. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:114705. [PMID: 36948818 DOI: 10.1063/5.0141971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of Newtonian liquids to small perturbations is usually considered to be fully described by homogeneous transport coefficients like shear and dilatational viscosity. However, the presence of strong density gradients at the liquid/vapor boundary of fluids hints at the possible existence of an inhomogeneous viscosity. Here, we show that a surface viscosity emerges from the collective dynamics of interfacial layers in molecular simulations of simple liquids. We estimate the surface viscosity to be 8-16 times smaller than that of the bulk fluid at the thermodynamic point considered. This result can have important implications for reactions at liquid surfaces in atmospheric chemistry and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Malgaretti
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstr.1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ubaldo Bafile
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara," I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Renzo Vallauri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara," I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Pál Jedlovszky
- Department of Chemistry, Eszterházy Károly University, Leányka u. 6, H-3300 Eger, Hungary
| | - Marcello Sega
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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47
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Sattari F, Srinivasan K, Puliyanda A, Prasad V. Data Fusion-Based Approach for the Investigation of Reaction Networks in Hydrous Pyrolysis of Biomass. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Sattari
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Karthik Srinivasan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Anjana Puliyanda
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Vinay Prasad
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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48
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Martins-Costa MTC, Ruiz-López MF. Probing solvation electrostatics at the air–water interface. Theor Chem Acc 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-023-02969-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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49
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Pang Q, Zuo WF, Zhang Y, Li X, Han B. Recent Advances on Direct Functionalization of Indoles in Aqueous Media. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200289. [PMID: 36722727 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Indoles and their derivatives have dominated a significant proportion of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and play an essential role in synthetic and medicinal chemistry, pesticides, and advanced materials. Compared with conventional synthetic strategies, direct functionalization of indoles provides straightforward access to construct diverse indole scaffolds. As we enter an era emphasizing green and sustainable chemistry, utilizing environment-friendly solvents represented by water demonstrates great potential in synthesizing valuable indole derivatives. This review aims to depict the critical aspects of aqueous-mediated indoles functionalization over the past decade and discusses the future challenges and prospects in this fast-growing field. For the convenience of readers, this review is classified into three parts according to the bonding modes (C-C, C-N, and C-S bonds), which focus on the diversity of indole derivatives, the prominent role of water in the chemical process, and the types of catalyst systems and mechanisms. We hope this review can promote the sustainable development of the direct functionalization of indoles and their derivatives and the discovery of novel and practical organic methods in aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wei-Fang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
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50
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Mass spectrometry in materials synthesis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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