1
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Rivera ME, Li L, Kolisetti A, Chi N, Dai M. 9-Step synthesis of (-)-larikaempferic acid methyl ester enabled by skeletal rearrangement. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7164-7167. [PMID: 38912670 PMCID: PMC11232478 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01462f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
We report here a concise synthesis of the anti-tumor-promoting (-)-larikaempferic acid methyl ester, a novel and rearranged abietane-type diterpene natural product containing a unique tetracyclic skeleton with a trans-hydrindane, an oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, and six stereogenic centers. Our synthesis starts with the cheap and abundant abietic acid and features an oxidative C-C bond cleavage followed by a transannular aldol reaction to skeletally rearrange the 6-6-6 tricyclic carbon skeleton of abietic acid to the desired 6-5-7 tricyclic carbon skeleton and an intramolecular oxa-Michael addition to form the oxa bridge. This skeletal rearrangement strategy enabled us to synthesize (-)-larikaempferic acid methyl ester in 9 steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario E Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30022, USA.
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30022, USA.
| | - Aditya Kolisetti
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30022, USA.
| | - Nina Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30022, USA.
| | - Mingji Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30022, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30022, USA
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2
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Bakanas I, Lusi RF, Wiesler S, Hayward Cooke J, Sarpong R. Strategic application of C-H oxidation in natural product total synthesis. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:783-799. [PMID: 37730908 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00534-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of unactivated C-H bonds has emerged as an effective tactic in natural product synthesis and has altered how chemists approach the synthesis of complex molecules. The use of C-H oxidation methods has simplified the process of synthesis planning by expanding the choice of starting materials, limiting functional group interconversion and protecting group manipulations, and enabling late-stage diversification. In this Review, we propose classifications for C-H oxidations on the basis of their strategic purpose: type 1, which installs functionality that is used to establish the carbon skeleton of the target; type 2, which is used to construct a heterocyclic ring; and type 3, which installs peripheral functional groups. The reactions are further divided based on whether they are directed or undirected. For each classification, examples from recent literature are analysed. Finally, we provide two case studies of syntheses from our laboratory that were streamlined by the judicious use of C-H oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Bakanas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert F Lusi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Wiesler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jack Hayward Cooke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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3
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Kang Q, Mu Y, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Jin S, Wang C, Li Y. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.3.0]octenones by Copper-Catalyzed Transannular Ring-Closing Reaction. Org Lett 2022; 24:5924-5928. [PMID: 35930708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient copper-catalyzed transannular ring-closing reaction of eight-membered rings has been developed that provides a straightforward way to synthesize bicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivatives in good yields. Mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction pathway might involve chlorination followed by the Kornblum reaction. Readily accessible starting materials and good functional group tolerance make this procedure attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongwen Kang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuanyang Mu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuxin Jin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chengyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Yanzhong Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
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4
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Huffman BJ, Chu T, Hanaki Y, Wong JJ, Chen S, Houk KN, Shenvi RA. Stereodivergent Attached‐Ring Synthesis via Non‐Covalent Interactions: A Short Formal Synthesis of Merrilactone A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Huffman
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Tiffany Chu
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Yusuke Hanaki
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Jonathan J. Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry UCLA: University of California Los Angeles 619 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Oberlin College 119 Woodland Street Oberlin OH 44074 USA
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry UCLA: University of California Los Angeles 619 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Ryan A. Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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5
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Huffman BJ, Chu T, Hanaki Y, Wong JJ, Chen S, Houk KN, Shenvi RA. Stereodivergent Attached-Ring Synthesis via Non-Covalent Interactions: A Short Formal Synthesis of Merrilactone A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114514. [PMID: 34820990 PMCID: PMC8748398 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A strategy to control the diastereoselectivity of bond formation at a prochiral attached-ring bridgehead is reported. An unusual stereodivergent Michael reaction relies on basic vs. Lewis acidic conditions and non-covalent interactions to control re- vs. si- facial selectivity en route to fully substituted attached-rings. This divergency reflects differential engagement of one rotational isomer of the attached-ring system. The successful synthesis of an erythro subtarget diastereomer ultimately leads to a short formal synthesis of merrilactone A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Huffman
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tiffany Chu
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yusuke Hanaki
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jonathan J. Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 619 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 619 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ryan A. Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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6
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Oeser P, Edlová T, Čubiňák M, Tobrman T. Transition‐Metal‐Free Ring‐Opening Reaction of 2‐Halocyclobutanols through Ring Contraction. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Oeser
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Edlová
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Marek Čubiňák
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Tobrman
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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7
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Frontier AJ, Sinclair PP. Merging Strategy, Improvisation, and Conversation to Solve Problems in Target Synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1817-1829. [PMID: 33705115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Total synthesis has long been depicted as the quest to conquer the structures created by nature, requiring an unflinching, single-minded devotion to the task. The goal is achieved by chemists with grit, strength of will, and a competitive spirit. While there is some truth to this viewpoint, it does not fully capture the rich experiences gained in this research realm. In our lab, strategic planning, improvisation, and conversation have worked in concert to enable progress. This Account summarizes our efforts to synthesize four different bioactive targets: merrilactone A, rocaglamide, phomactin A, and tetrapetalone A. Certain missteps were integral to success in these synthetic projects. As such, we include the hiccups, and their roles in the evolution of the strategies, along with the results that aligned with our expectations.Two of these projects (merrilactone A and rocaglamide) culminated in the total synthesis of the targets. The challenges presented by merrilactone A spawned a new design strategy for pentannulation using Nazarov cyclization chemistry. This work demonstrated that Lewis acid catalysis is often a viable electrocyclization strategy in activated, polarized pentadienyl cation intermediates. We sought to apply the same logic to the rocaglamide target, but precursors we prepared did not behave according to plan. This situation pushed us to adapt our approach to match the innate reactivity of the substrate, resulting in an on-the-spot improvisation that was not only integral to the success of the project but also expanded our understanding of pentadienyl cation chemistry. In the other two projects (phomactin A and tetrapetalone A), we did not complete a total synthesis but did build the polycyclic core of the target. Even though the hetero [4 + 2] cycloaddition plan for assembling the macrocyclic oxadecalin ring system of phomactin A failed, the original experimental design still enabled us to solve the problem. Through a wholly unanticipated series of events, our focus on the oxadecalin ring system primed us for the discovery of a sequential iodoaldol/oxa-Michael sequence, using the original [4 + 2] building blocks. Then, the bridging ring present in phomactin A demanded we implement this sequence in a transannular fashion. Finally, our successful synthesis of the tetrapetalone core was enabled by consultations with others in the community. Each bond formation seemed to require different expertise, and in three separate instances (C-N cross-coupling, diastereoselective ring-closing metathesis, and oxidative dearomatization) synthetic challenges were overcome through conversation and collaboration.In our experience, the amount of creative power we summon during a target synthesis project correlates directly with the magnitude of the structural challenges we face. When reactivity surprises us, we analyze the problem anew, consult with colleagues, and improvise with the tools at hand. The inevitable misbehavior of a complex system is a strong motivating force, and one that has helped to shape our research program for nearly two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Frontier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester New York 14611, United States
| | - Paul P. Sinclair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester New York 14611, United States
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8
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Li H, Zhang J, She X. The Total Synthesis of Diquinane-Containing Natural Products. Chemistry 2021; 27:4839-4858. [PMID: 32955141 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diquinane or bicyclo[3.3.0]octane is a conspicuous structural unit existing in the carbo-frameworks of a wide range of natural products such as alkaloids and terpenoids. These diquinane-containing molecules not merely exhibit intriguing architectures, but also showcase a broad spectrum of significant bioactivities, which draw widespread attention from the global synthetic community. During the past decade, with an aim to accomplish the total syntheses of such specified cornucopias of natural products, a variety of elegant strategies for construction of the diquinane ring system have been disclosed. In this Minireview, the achievements on this subject in the timeline from 2010 to June 2020 are demonstrated and it is discussed how the diquinane unit is strategically forged in the context of the specific target structure. In addition, impacts of the selected works to the field of natural product total synthesis is highlighted and the particular outlook of diquinane-containing natural product synthesis is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xuegong She
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
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9
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Shen Y, Li L, Xiao X, Yang S, Hua Y, Wang Y, Zhang YW, Zhang Y. Site-Specific Photochemical Desaturation Enables Divergent Syntheses of Illicium Sesquiterpenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3256-3263. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Linbin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Sihan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yinglu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yun-wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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10
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Abstract
Four carbon ring systems are frequently present in natural products with remarkable biological activities such as terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids. The development of new strategies for the assembly of these structures in a rapid and efficient manner has attracted the interest of synthetic chemists for a long time. The current research is focused mainly on the development of synthetic methods that can be performed under mild reaction conditions with a high tolerance to functional groups. In recent years, gold complexes have turned into excellent candidates for this aim, owing to their high reactivity, and are thus capable of promoting a wide range of transformations under mild conditions. Their remarkable efficiency has been thoroughly demonstrated in the synthesis of complex organic molecules from simple starting materials. This review summarizes the main synthetic strategies described for gold-catalyzed four-carbon ring formation, as well as their application in the synthesis of natural products.
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11
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Tong J, Liu C, Wang B. Synthesis of A-B-C-ring Tricyclic Core of iso-Merrilactone A. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-9064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Hung K, Condakes ML, Novaes LFT, Harwood SJ, Morikawa T, Yang Z, Maimone TJ. Development of a Terpene Feedstock-Based Oxidative Synthetic Approach to the Illicium Sesquiterpenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3083-3099. [PMID: 30698435 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Illicium sesquiterpenes are a family of natural products containing over 100 highly oxidized and structurally complex members, many of which display interesting biological activities. This comprehensive account chronicles the evolution of a semisynthetic strategy toward these molecules from (+)-cedrol, seeking to emulate key aspects of their presumed biosynthesis. An initial route generated lower oxidation state analogs but failed in delivering a crucial hydroxy group in the final step. Insight gathered during these studies, however, ultimately led to a synthesis of the pseudoanisatinoids along with the allo-cedrane natural product 11- O-debenzoyltashironin. A second-generation strategy was then developed to access the more highly oxidized majucinoid compounds including jiadifenolide and majucin itself. Overall, one dozen natural products can be accessed from an abundant and inexpensive terpene feedstock. A multitude of general observations regarding site-selective C(sp3)-H bond functionalization reactions in complex polycyclic architectures are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hung
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , 826 Latimer Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Matthew L Condakes
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , 826 Latimer Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Luiz F T Novaes
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , 826 Latimer Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Stephen J Harwood
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , 826 Latimer Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Takahiro Morikawa
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , 826 Latimer Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , 826 Latimer Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Thomas J Maimone
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , 826 Latimer Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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13
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Richter MJR, Schneider M, Brandstätter M, Krautwald S, Carreira EM. Total Synthesis of (-)-Mitrephorone A. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16704-16710. [PMID: 30412398 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The first synthesis of (-)-mitrephorone A is disclosed along with discussion and study of synthetic strategies. The natural product includes a highly congested hexacyclic ent-trachylobane diterpenoid framework featuring a rare, embedded oxetane. The synthetic analysis presented dissects a number of approaches for the synthesis of the central oxetane, including carbonyl-olefin photocycloadditions, Prins-type cyclizations, and oxidative ring closures. In the successful route, three [4 + 2] cycloadditions enable rapid construction of all carbocycles. A novel late-stage oxidative cyclization of a hydroxy diosphenol with Koser's reagent furnishes the pivotal oxetane moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simon Krautwald
- ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
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14
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Liu W, Wang B. Stereoselective Synthesis of a Common 3-Oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one Core Building Block Toward Illicium Sesquiterpenes via Desymmetrization. Chem Res Chin Univ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-018-8229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Liu W, Wang B. Synthesis of (±)-Merrilactone A by a Desymmetrization Strategy. Chemistry 2018; 24:16511-16515. [PMID: 30144188 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A concise synthesis of (±)-merrilactone A has been accomplished featuring desymmetrization of a Cs -symmetric dilactone, RhI -catalyzed intramolecular hydroacylation of a 4-alkynal, and TiIII -mediated reductive radical cyclization of epoxy-allene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentan Liu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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16
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Schmiedel VM, Hong YJ, Lentz D, Tantillo DJ, Christmann M. Synthesis and Structure Revision of Dichrocephones A and B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2419-2422. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Volker M. Schmiedel
- Freie Universität Berlin; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Young J. Hong
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Freie Universität Berlin; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Freie Universität Berlin; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
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17
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Schmiedel VM, Hong YJ, Lentz D, Tantillo DJ, Christmann M. Synthesis and Structure Revision of Dichrocephones A and B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Volker M. Schmiedel
- Freie Universität Berlin; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Young J. Hong
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Freie Universität Berlin; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Freie Universität Berlin; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
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18
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Park KH(K, Chen DYK. A desymmetrization-based approach to morphinans: application in the total synthesis of oxycodone. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13018-13021. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07667g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a total synthesis of the pharmacologically significant morphinan alkaloid, oxycodone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Y.-K. Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- South Korea
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19
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Belot V, Farran D, Jean M, Albalat M, Vanthuyne N, Roussel C. Steric Scale of Common Substituents from Rotational Barriers of N-(o-Substituted aryl)thiazoline-2-thione Atropisomers. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10188-10200. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Belot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Farran
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Jean
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Muriel Albalat
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Roussel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille,
iSm2, Marseille, France
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20
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Bai J, Yan D, Zhang T, Guo Y, Liu Y, Zou Y, Tang M, Liu B, Wu Q, Yu S, Tang Y, Hu Y. A Cascade of Redox Reactions Generates Complexity in the Biosynthesis of the Protein Phosphatase-2 Inhibitor Rubratoxin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4782-4786. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Daojiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yongzhi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yunbao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Mancheng Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Bingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Shishan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Youcai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
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21
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Bai J, Yan D, Zhang T, Guo Y, Liu Y, Zou Y, Tang M, Liu B, Wu Q, Yu S, Tang Y, Hu Y. A Cascade of Redox Reactions Generates Complexity in the Biosynthesis of the Protein Phosphatase-2 Inhibitor Rubratoxin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Daojiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yongzhi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yunbao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Mancheng Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Bingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Shishan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Youcai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
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22
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Richers J, Pöthig A, Herdtweck E, Sippel C, Hausch F, Tiefenbacher K. Synthesis and Neurotrophic Activity Studies of Illicium
Sesquiterpene Natural Product Analogues. Chemistry 2017; 23:3178-3183. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Richers
- Department Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Catalysis Research Center; Technical University of Munich; Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Eberhardt Herdtweck
- Catalysis Research Center; Technical University of Munich; Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Claudia Sippel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry; Kraepelinstrasse 2-10 80804 Munich Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering; ETH Zurich; Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel Switzerland
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23
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24
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Bull JA, Croft RA, Davis OA, Doran R, Morgan KF. Oxetanes: Recent Advances in Synthesis, Reactivity, and Medicinal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2016; 116:12150-12233. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary A. Croft
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Owen A. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Doran
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kate F. Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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25
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Kärkäs M, Porco JA, Stephenson CRJ. Photochemical Approaches to Complex Chemotypes: Applications in Natural Product Synthesis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9683-747. [PMID: 27120289 PMCID: PMC5025835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 674] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of photochemical transformations is a powerful strategy that allows for the formation of a high degree of molecular complexity from relatively simple building blocks in a single step. A central feature of all light-promoted transformations is the involvement of electronically excited states, generated upon absorption of photons. This produces transient reactive intermediates and significantly alters the reactivity of a chemical compound. The input of energy provided by light thus offers a means to produce strained and unique target compounds that cannot be assembled using thermal protocols. This review aims at highlighting photochemical transformations as a tool for rapidly accessing structurally and stereochemically diverse scaffolds. Synthetic designs based on photochemical transformations have the potential to afford complex polycyclic carbon skeletons with impressive efficiency, which are of high value in total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus
D. Kärkäs
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - John A. Porco
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Corey R. J. Stephenson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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26
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Poplata S, Tröster A, Zou YQ, Bach T. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Cyclobutanes by Olefin [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Reactions. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9748-815. [PMID: 27018601 PMCID: PMC5025837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 661] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The [2 + 2] photocycloaddition is undisputedly the most important and most frequently used photochemical reaction. In this review, it is attempted to cover all recent aspects of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition chemistry with an emphasis on synthetically relevant, regio-, and stereoselective reactions. The review aims to comprehensively discuss relevant work, which was done in the field in the last 20 years (i.e., from 1995 to 2015). Organization of the data follows a subdivision according to mechanism and substrate classes. Cu(I) and PET (photoinduced electron transfer) catalysis are treated separately in sections 2 and 4 , whereas the vast majority of photocycloaddition reactions which occur by direct excitation or sensitization are divided within section 3 into individual subsections according to the photochemically excited olefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saner Poplata
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Tröster
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - You-Quan Zou
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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Abstract
Terpenoids are a very prominent class of natural compounds produced in diverse genera of plants, fungi, algae and sponges. They gained significant pharmaceutical value since prehistoric times, due to their broad spectrum of medical applications. The fragrant leaves of Eucalyptus trees are a rich source of terpenoids. Therefore this review starts by summarizing the main terpenoid compounds present in Eucalyptus globulus, E. citriodora, E. radiata and E. resinifera and describing their biosynthetic pathways. Of the enormous number of pharmaceutically important terpenoids, this paper also reviews some well established and recently discovered examples and discusses their medical applications. In this context, the synthetic processes for (–)-menthol, (–)- cis-carveol, (+)-artemisinine, (+)-merrilactone A and (–)-sclareol are presented. The tricyclic sesquiterpene (–)-englerin A isolated from the stem bark of the Phyllanthus engleri plant ( Euphorbiaceae) is highly active against certain renal cancer cell lines. In addition, recent studies showed that englerin A is also a potent and selective activator of TRPC4 and TRPC5 calcium channels. These important findings were the motivation for several renowned research labs to achieve a total synthesis of (–)-englerin A. Two prominent examples – Christmann and Metz – are compared and discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Jaeger
- Formerly Institute of Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn-Platz, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Eckehard Cuny
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt Technical University, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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28
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Cheng X, Micalizio GC. Synthesis of Neurotrophic Seco-prezizaane Sesquiterpenes (1R,10S)-2-Oxo-3,4-dehydroneomajucin, (2S)-Hydroxy-3,4-dehydroneomajucin, and (-)-Jiadifenin. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1150-3. [PMID: 26785051 PMCID: PMC4879688 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric approach to the synthesis of neurotrophic seco-prezizaane sesquiterpenes is described that is based on the strategic application of a hydroxyl-directed metallacycle-mediated [2 + 2 + 2] annulation and an intramolecular radical cyclization cascade. Targets prepared are among the most potent members of the natural product class and include (1R,10S)-2-oxo-3,4-dehydroneomajucin, (2S)-hydroxy-3,4-dehydroneomajucin, and (-)-jiadifenin. In addition to representing the first application of the alkoxide-directed metallacycle-mediated hydrindane-forming annulation reaction in natural product synthesis and the first total synthesis of (2S)-hydroxy-3,4-dehydroneomajucin, these pursuits have resulted in the elucidation of a complex radical cascade process for installation of the C5 quaternary center common to the natural product class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayun Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Glenn C. Micalizio
- Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
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29
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HIRAMA M. Total synthesis and related studies of large, strained, and bioactive natural products. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2016; 92:290-329. [PMID: 27725470 PMCID: PMC5243947 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.92.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Our chemical syntheses and related scientific investigations of natural products with complex architectures and powerful biological activities are described, focusing on the very large 3 nm-long polycyclic ethers called the ciguatoxins, highly strained and labile chromoprotein antitumor antibiotics featuring nine-membered enediyne cores, and extremely potent anthelmintic macrolides called the avermectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro HIRAMA
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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30
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Mahal A. Oxetanes as versatile building blocks in the total synthesis of natural products: An overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.6.3.357-366.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Hu H, Meng C, Dong Y, Li X, Ye J. Catalytic Asymmetric Formal Aza-Diels–Alder Reactions of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones and 3H-Indoles. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Hu
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process
Chemistry,
Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy and ‡Shanghai Key Laboratory of New
Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chunna Meng
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process
Chemistry,
Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy and ‡Shanghai Key Laboratory of New
Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yun Dong
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process
Chemistry,
Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy and ‡Shanghai Key Laboratory of New
Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process
Chemistry,
Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy and ‡Shanghai Key Laboratory of New
Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jinxing Ye
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process
Chemistry,
Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy and ‡Shanghai Key Laboratory of New
Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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32
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Long R, Huang J, Gong J, Yang Z. Direct construction of vicinal all-carbon quaternary stereocenters in natural product synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:1584-601. [DOI: 10.1039/c5np00046g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Molecules containing vicinal all-carbon quaternary stereocenters are found in many secondary metabolites, and they exhibit a variety of biological and pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Long
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Jun Huang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Jianxian Gong
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
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34
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Tang Y, Liu JT, Chen P, Lv MC, Wang ZZ, Huang YK. Protecting-Group-Free Total Synthesis of Aplykurodinone-1. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11729-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501684k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Ji-tian Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Ming-can Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Zhen-zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yi-kun Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
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35
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Studies in symmetry-driven synthesis of ryanodol: application of nucleophilic alkynylation for regio- and stereoselective desymmetrization. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Xu J, Lacoske MH, Theodorakis EA. Neurotrophic natural products: chemistry and biology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:956-87. [PMID: 24353244 PMCID: PMC3945720 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and spinal cord injury affect approximately 50 million people worldwide, bringing the total healthcare cost to over 600 billion dollars per year. Nervous system growth factors, that is, neurotrophins, are a potential solution to these disorders, since they could promote nerve regeneration. An average of 500 publications per year attests to the significance of neurotrophins in biomedical sciences and underlines their potential for therapeutic applications. Nonetheless, the poor pharmacokinetic profile of neurotrophins severely restricts their clinical use. On the other hand, small molecules that modulate neurotrophic activity offer a promising therapeutic approach against neurological disorders. Nature has provided an impressive array of natural products that have potent neurotrophic activities. This Review highlights the current synthetic strategies toward these compounds and summarizes their ability to induce neuronal growth and rehabilitation. It is anticipated that neurotrophic natural products could be used not only as starting points in drug design but also as tools to study the next frontier in biomedical sciences: the brain activity map project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358 (USA), Homepage: http://theodorakisgroup.ucsd.edu
| | - Michelle H. Lacoske
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358 (USA), Homepage: http://theodorakisgroup.ucsd.edu
| | - Emmanuel A. Theodorakis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358 (USA), Homepage: http://theodorakisgroup.ucsd.edu
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37
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Xu J, Lacoske MH, Theodorakis EA. Neurotrophe Naturstoffe - ihre Chemie und Biologie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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38
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Ignatenko VA, Han Y, Tochtrop GP. Direct access to 6/5/7/5- and 6/7/5/5-fused tetracyclic triterpenoids via divergent transannular aldol reaction of lanosterol-derived diketone. J Org Chem 2013; 78:12229-35. [PMID: 24161022 PMCID: PMC3903653 DOI: 10.1021/jo402005b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to access biologically relevant chemical space, a complex natural product derived nonsymmetrical diketone was prepared as a substrate for divergent transannular aldol reactions. The use of common aldol conditions resulted in predominant syn-addition via pathway a, while the use of alumina provided access to the anti-adduct. Screening of a range of Lewis acids of varying strength unexpectedly resulted in the formation of aldol products with 6/7/5/5-fused molecular skeleton via pathway b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A. Ignatenko
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Gregory P. Tochtrop
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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39
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Abstract
Highly enantio- and diastereoselective transannular ketone-ene reactions are catalyzed by a new chromium(III) triflate tridentate Schiff base complex. Electronically unactivated keto-olefins undergo heteroene reactions at ambient temperature to afford enantioenriched bicyclic alcohols, common structural motifs in natural products. The kinetic resolution of a configurationally stable planar-chiral cyclodecenone is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi S. Rajapaksa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Eric N. Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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40
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Trzoss L, Xu J, Lacoske MH, Mobley WC, Theodorakis EA. Illicium sesquiterpenes: divergent synthetic strategy and neurotrophic activity studies. Chemistry 2013; 19:6398-408. [PMID: 23526661 PMCID: PMC3875175 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Majucin-type sesquiterpenes from Illicium sp., such as jiadifenolide (2), jiadifenin (3), and (1R,10S)-2-oxo-3,4-dehydroxyneomajucin (4, ODNM), possess a complex caged chemical architecture and remarkable neurotrophic activities. As such, they represent attractive small-molecule leads against various neurodegenerative diseases. We present an efficient, enantioselective, and unified synthesis of 2, 3, and 4 and designed analogues that diverge from tetracyclic key intermediate 7. The synthesis of 7 is highlighted by the use of an enantioselective Robinson annulation reaction (construction of the AB rings), a Pd-mediated carbomethoxylation reaction (construction of the C ring), and a one-pot oxidative reaction cascade (construction of the D ring). Evaluation of the neurotrophic activity of these compounds led to the identification of several highly potent small molecules that significantly enhanced the activity of nerve growth factor (NGF) in PC-12 cells. Moreover, efforts to define the common pharmacophoric motif suggest that substitution at the C-10 center significantly affects bioactivity, while the hemiketal moiety of 2 and 3 and the C-1 substitution might not be critical to the neurotrophic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnie Trzoss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA, Fax: (+)1-858-822-0386
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA, Fax: (+)1-858-822-0386
| | - Michelle H. Lacoske
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA, Fax: (+)1-858-822-0386
| | - William C. Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0752, USA
| | - Emmanuel A. Theodorakis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA, Fax: (+)1-858-822-0386
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Ignatenko VA, Han Y, Tochtrop GP. Molecular library synthesis using complex substrates: expanding the framework of triterpenoids. J Org Chem 2013; 78:410-8. [PMID: 23245400 PMCID: PMC3903665 DOI: 10.1021/jo302211f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The remodeling of a natural product core framework by means of diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) is a valuable approach to access diverse/biologically relevant chemical space and to overcome the limitations of combinatorial-type compounds. Here we provide proof of principle and a thorough conformational analysis for a general strategy whereby the inherent complexity of a starting material is used to define the regio- and stereochemical outcomes of reactions in chemical library construction. This is in contrast to the traditional DOS logic employing reaction development and catalysis to drive library diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A. Ignatenko
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Gregory P. Tochtrop
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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42
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Urabe D, Nagatomo M, Hagiwara K, Masuda K, Inoue M. Symmetry-driven synthesis of 9-demethyl-10,15-dideoxyryanodol. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc00023k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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43
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Zhang JJ, Yan CS, Peng Y, Luo ZB, Xu XB, Wang YW. Total synthesis of (±)-sacidumlignans D and A through Ueno–Stork radical cyclization reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2498-513. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob00053b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Nazef N, Davies RDM, Greaney MF. Formal synthesis of merrilactone A using a domino cyanide 1,4-addition-aldol cyclization. Org Lett 2012; 14:3720-3. [PMID: 22770228 DOI: 10.1021/ol301513h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A formal synthesis of merrilactone A has been completed using a domino 1,4-addition-aldol process as the key step. Both iodo- and cyano-1,4-addition-aldol cyclizations were productive in forming the highly hindered C1-C9 bond linking vic-quaternary and tertiary stereocenters. The latter method was used to complete a formal total synthesis of the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Nazef
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K., and AstraZeneca , Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
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45
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Logan AW, Parker JS, Hallside MS, Burton JW. Manganese(III) Acetate Mediated Oxidative Radical Cyclizations. Toward Vicinal All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters. Org Lett 2012; 14:2940-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300625u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angus W.J. Logan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., and AstraZeneca, Pharmaceutical Development, Charter Way, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Jeremy S. Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., and AstraZeneca, Pharmaceutical Development, Charter Way, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Michal S. Hallside
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., and AstraZeneca, Pharmaceutical Development, Charter Way, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Jonathan W. Burton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., and AstraZeneca, Pharmaceutical Development, Charter Way, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 2NA, U.K
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46
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Zhu H, Wang L, Ji K, Liu X, Liang Y. Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihalogenated Furan‐2‐(5
H
)‐ones by Electrophilic Cyclization of 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐alkynoates. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:1862-6. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Tao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China), Fax: (+86) 931‐8915557
| | - Li‐Jing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China), Fax: (+86) 931‐8915557
| | - Ke‐Gong Ji
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China), Fax: (+86) 931‐8915557
| | - Xue‐Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China), Fax: (+86) 931‐8915557
| | - Yong‐Min Liang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China), Fax: (+86) 931‐8915557
- Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science
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47
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Chen J, Gao P, Yu F, Yang Y, Zhu S, Zhai H. Total Synthesis of (±)-Merrilactone A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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Chen J, Gao P, Yu F, Yang Y, Zhu S, Zhai H. Total synthesis of (±)-merrilactone A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5897-9. [PMID: 22565358 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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49
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Shi L, Meyer K, Greaney MF. Synthesis of (±)-merrilactone A and (±)-anislactone A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 49:9250-3. [PMID: 20967815 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ UK
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50
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Bach T, Hehn JP. Photochemical reactions as key steps in natural product synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:1000-45. [PMID: 21246702 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions contribute in a significant way to the existing repertoire of carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions by allowing access to exceptional molecular structures that cannot be obtained by conventional means. In this Review, the most important photochemical transformations that have been employed in natural product synthesis are presented. Selected total syntheses are discussed as examples, with particular attention given to the photochemical key step and its stereoselectivity. The structural relationship between the photochemically generated molecule and the natural product is shown, and, where necessary, the consecutive reactions in the synthesis are illustrated and classified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Bach
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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