1
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Unnikrishnan VB, Sabatino V, Amorim F, Estrada MF, Navo CD, Jimenez-Oses G, Fior R, Bernardes GJL. Gold(III)-Induced Amide Bond Cleavage In Vivo: A Dual Release Strategy via π-Acid Mediated Allyl Substitution. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23240-23251. [PMID: 39113488 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Selective cleavage of amide bonds holds prominent significance by facilitating precise manipulation of biomolecules, with implications spanning from basic research to therapeutic interventions. However, achieving selective cleavage of amide bonds via mild synthetic chemistry routes poses a critical challenge. Here, we report a novel amide bond-cleavage reaction triggered by Na[AuCl4] in mild aqueous conditions, where a crucial cyclization step leads to the formation of a 5-membered ring intermediate that rapidly hydrolyses to release the free amine in high yields. Notably, the reaction exhibits remarkable site-specificity to cleave peptide bonds at the C-terminus of allyl-glycine. The strategic introduction of a leaving group at the allyl position facilitated a dual-release approach through π-acid catalyzed substitution. This reaction was employed for the targeted release of the cytotoxic drug monomethyl auristatin E in combination with an antibody-drug conjugate in cancer cells. Finally, Au-mediated prodrug activation was shown in a colorectal zebrafish xenograft model, leading to a significant increase in apoptosis and tumor shrinkage. Our findings reveal a novel metal-based cleavable reaction expanding the utility of Au complexes beyond catalysis to encompass bond-cleavage reactions for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Unnikrishnan
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Valerio Sabatino
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Filipa Amorim
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisboa 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Marta F Estrada
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisboa 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Claudio D Navo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGune), Building 800, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jimenez-Oses
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGune), Building 800, Derio 48160, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Sciencep, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Rita Fior
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisboa 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
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2
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Paroi B, Pegu C, Mane MV, Patil NT. Gold-Catalyzed Arylative Cope Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406936. [PMID: 38769939 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Cope rearrangements have garnered significant attention owing to their ability to undergo structural reorganization in stereoselective manner. While substantial advances have been achieved over decades, these rearrangements remained applicable exclusively to parent 1,5-hexadienes. Herein, we disclose the gold-catalyzed arylative Cope rearrangement of 1,6-heptadienes via a cyclization-induced [3,3]-rearrangement employing ligand-enabled gold redox catalysis. Detailed mechanistic investigations including several control experiments, cross-over experiment, HRMS analysis, 31P NMR and DFT studies have been performed to underpin the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Paroi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Chayanika Pegu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Manoj V Mane
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus Kanakapura, Bangalore, Karnataka-, 562112, India
| | - Nitin T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
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3
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Chen K, Shi H. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Halobenzenes and Phenols with Catalysis by Arenophilic π Acids. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:2194-2206. [PMID: 39042917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusLewis π acids, particularly high-valent transition metals with vacant orbitals, can coordinate with unsaturated compounds such as alkynes and alkenes by means of π-bonding. The coordination enhances the electrophilicity of the bound compounds, thereby facilitating reactions─such as nucleophilic addition─that take place at the ligated carbon-carbon multiple bonds. This activation phenomenon occurs at the ligand rather than at the metal atom, and it has been extensively utilized in the development of catalytic methods. In addition to alkynes and alkenes, aromatic compounds featuring a phenyl ring can be activated by an electrophilic transition-metal unit (e.g., Cr(CO)3, [Mn(CO)3]+, [CpFe]+, or [CpRu]+, where Cp = cyclopentadienyl) through π coordination. Over the past several decades, remarkable advances have been achieved in the development of reactions occurring on bound arenes, capitalizing on the highly electron-withdrawing nature of these transition-metal units and on the thermodynamic stability of η6-arene complexes. A prime example is the extension of nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions to electron-neutral and -rich halobenzenes. Such arenes, which are normally inert to classical SNAr, can undergo sequences involving complex formation, substitution, and complex decomposition. Despite the successes achieved through the utilization of preformed complexes, the application of reversible arene coordination to catalytic systems has seen only limited progress. Consequently, in π-coordination activation, transition-metal units are commonly considered to be components of bound arene complexes rather than π-acid catalysts.In this Account, we summarize our recent research on catalytic SNAr reactions of halobenzenes and phenols enabled by reversible π-coordination of the arenes with electrophilic Ru or Rh catalysts, which we refer to as arenophilic π-acids. First, we developed a method for SNAr amination of fluorobenzenes with catalysis by a Ru(II) complex with a hemilabile P,O-bidentate ligand. The use of the hemilabile ligand significantly enhanced catalytic efficiency, allowing electron-rich and -neutral arenes to undergo amination without the need of excess fluorobenzenes. In a subsequent study of hydroxylation and alkoxylation reactions, we found that Rh(III) catalysts bearing a Cp-type ligand had a substantial activating effect. In addition, by isolating an η5 complex as the reaction intermediate, we obtained evidence in support of the long-standing hypothesis that SNAr of η6-arene complexes proceeds via a stepwise mechanism. Next, we extended the Rh-catalyzed SNAr to chloro- and bromobenzenes, which are abundant and readily available but are less reactive than corresponding fluorides toward SNAr. When the weakly nucleophilic alcohol hexafluoroisopropanol was used as a reaction partner, we were able to synthesize hexafluoroisopropyl aryl ethers, which are challenging to obtain by means of conventional approaches. Beyond halobenzenes, we successfully applied π-coordination strategy to achieve umpolung substitution reactions of phenols, which are typically nucleophilic. We found that an arenophilic Rh or Ru catalyst activated the phenol ring by π coordination instead of κ-O coordination, generating transient η5-phenoxo complexes that subsequently underwent carbonyl-amine condensation to produce anilines without the need for an exogenous oxidant or reductant. We anticipate that our research on catalyst development and reactions involving π-coordination activation will facilitate further advances in the application of arenophilic π acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
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4
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Pérez-Sánchez JC, Herrera RP, Gimeno MC. The Potential of Self-Activating Au(I) Complexes in Gold Catalysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401825. [PMID: 38818661 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Gold catalysis has emerged as a groundbreaking field in synthetic chemistry, revolutionizing numerous organic transformations. Despite the significant achieved advancements, the mechanistic understanding behind many gold-catalyzed reactions remains elusive. This Concept article covers the so-called "self-activating" Au(I) complexes, sorting out their pivotal role in gold catalysis. We comment on how Au(I) complexes can undergo self-activation, triggering diverse catalytic transformations without the need for external additives. The most important examples reported so far that underlie the catalytic activity of these species are discussed. This intrinsic reactivity represents a paradigm shift in gold catalysis, offering new avenues for the design of efficient and sustainable catalytic systems. Furthermore, we explore the factors influencing the stability, reactivity, and selectivity of these Au(I) complexes, providing insights into their synthetic utility and potential applications. This area of research not only advances our fundamental understanding of gold catalysis but also paves the way for the development of novel catalytic strategies with broad implications in organic synthesis and the chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Pérez-Sánchez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Raquel P Herrera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
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5
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Furigay MH, Vincenzini BD, Gu J, Gau MR, Schelter EJ. Synthesis and Luminescence Studies of a Tethered, Trigonal, Silver(I) Tris(alkyne) Complex. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14290-14295. [PMID: 39047225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a tris(alkyne) ligand, tris[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl-4-tert-butylbenzyl]amine (1), and its silver(I) hexafluorophosphate complex, 1-Ag, are reported. The solid-state structure and luminescence properties of 1-Ag indicate relatively strong silver(I)-alkyne interactions between the metal cation and 1. No significant changes in the bond angles or lengths were observed upon metalation of 1 with Ag+, indicating a relatively unstrained ligand-metal motif. The luminescence properties of 1 and 1-Ag are also disclosed, showing attenuation in the luminescence intensity upon Ag+ metalation, with Stokes shifts of ∼3700 and ∼3200 cm-1 for 1 and 1-Ag, respectively. The lifetimes of 1-Ag (τ1 = 8.383 ± 0.053 ns and τ2 = 4.665 ± 0.061 ns) were longer than those of 1 (τ1 = 6.708 ± 0.085 ns and τ2 = 3.689 ± 0.025 ns), possibly indicating multiple conformers of 1-Ag in solution. This new silver alkyne platform has potential applications in studies of catalysis, luminescent compounds, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell H Furigay
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brett D Vincenzini
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jun Gu
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael R Gau
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eric J Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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6
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Sekar P, Gupta A, English LE, Rabbitt CE, Male L, Jupp AR, Davies PW. Regiodivergent Synthesis of 4- and 5-Sulfenyl Oxazoles from Alkynyl Thioethers. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401465. [PMID: 38743746 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The regiodivergent synthesis of 4- and 5-sulfenyl oxazoles from 1,4,2-dioxazoles and alkynyl thioethers has been achieved. Gold-catalysed conditions are used to favour the formation of 5-sulfenyl oxazoles via β-selective attack of the nitrenoid relative to the sulfenyl group. In contrast, 4-sulfenyl oxazoles are formed by α-selective reaction under Brønsted acid conditions from the same substrates. The nature of stabilising gold-sulfur interactions have been investigated by natural bond orbital analysis, showing that the S→Au interactions are significantly stronger in the intermediate that favours the 5-sulfenyl oxazoles. A kinetic survey identifies catalyst inhibition processes. This study into the regiodivergent methods includes the development of telescoped annulation-oxidation protocols for regioselective access to oxazole sulfoxides and sulfones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Sekar
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Aniket Gupta
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Laura E English
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Clare E Rabbitt
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Louise Male
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew R Jupp
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul W Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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7
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Hess SN, Fürstner A. An Efficient and Scalable "Second Generation" Total Synthesis of the Marine Polyketide Limaol Endowed with Antiparasitic Activity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401429. [PMID: 38716817 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The cluster of four skipped exo-methylene substituents on the "northern" wing of limaol renders this dinoflagellate-derived marine natural product unique in structural terms. This arguably non-thermodynamic array gains kinetic stability by virtue of populating local conformations which impede isomerization to a partly or fully conjugated polyene. This analysis suggested that the difficulties encountered during the late stages of our first total synthesis of this polyketide had not been caused by an overly fragile character of this unusual substructure; rather, an unfavorable steric microenvironment about the spirotricyclic core was identified as the likely cause. To remedy the issue, the protecting groups on this central fragment were changed; in effect, this amendment allowed all strategic and practical problems to be addressed. As a result, the overall yield over the longest linear sequence was multiplied by a factor of almost five and the material throughput increased more than eighty-fold per run. Key-to-success was a gold-catalyzed spirocyclization reaction; the reasons why a Brønsted acid cocatalyst is needed and the origin of the excellent levels of selectivity were delineated. The change of the protecting groups also allowed for much improved fragment coupling processes; most notably, the sequence of a substrate-controlled carbonyl addition reaction followed by Mitsunobu inversion that had originally been necessary to affix the southern tail to the core could be replaced by a reagent controlled asymmetric allylation. Finally, a much-improved route to the "northern" sector was established by leveraging the power of asymmetric hydrogenation of a 2-pyrone derivative. Limaol was found to combine appreciable antiparasitic activity with very modest cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan N Hess
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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8
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Liu LC, Lin S, Xu K, Qian J, Wu R, Li Q, Wang H. NHC-Au-Catalyzed Isomerization of Propargylic B(MIDA)s to Allenes and Double Isomerization of Alkynes to 1,3-Dienes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308710. [PMID: 38477453 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of allenyl boronates is an important yet challenging topic in organic synthesis. Reported herein is an NHC-gold-catalyzed 1,3-H shift toward allenyl boronates synthesis from simple propargylic B(MIDA)s. Mechanistic studies suggest dual roles of the boryl moiety in the reaction: to activate the substrate for isomerization and at the same time, to prevent the allene product from further isomerization. These effects should be a result of α-anion stabilization and α-cation destabilization conferred by the B(MIDA) moiety, respectively. The NHC-Au catalyst, which is commercially available, is also found to be reactive in alkyne-to-1,3-diene isomerization reactions in an atom-economic and base-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Cai Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shuang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kangwei Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiasheng Qian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruibo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Honggen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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9
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Ževart T, Pinter B, Lozinšek M, Urankar D, Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Košmrlj J. Towards structurally versatile mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefin ligands and their coordination to palladium, gold, and boron hydride. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8915-8925. [PMID: 38590282 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00195h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
We have developed an efficient and versatile approach for the synthesis of a family of 1,2,3-triazole-based mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefin (mNHO) ligands and investigated their coordination to palladium, gold, and boron hydride experimentally and computationally. We reacted mNHOs obtained through deprotonation of the corresponding methylated and ethylated 1,3,4-triaryl-1,2,3-triazolium salts with [Pd(allyl)Cl]2 to give the corresponding [Pd(η3-allyl)Cl(mNHO)] coordination complexes. 13C NMR data revealed the strong σ-donor character of the mNHO ligands, consistent with the calculated bond orders and atom-condensed charges. Furthermore, we also synthesized [AuCl(mNHO)] and a BH3-mNHO adduct by reacting the triazolium salts with AuCl(SMe2) and BH3·THF, respectively. The BH3-mNHO adduct was tested in the reduction of select aldehydes and ketones to alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tisa Ževart
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Balazs Pinter
- The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Matic Lozinšek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijana Urankar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ross D Jansen-van Vuuren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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10
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Zhao H, Yao L, Gu Y, Niu Y, Han B, Huang W, Zhan G. Cooperative Gold(I)/DMAP Catalysis Enabled (2 + 3) Cycloadditions of Yne-Enones with Oxindole-Derived MBH Carbonates. Org Lett 2024; 26:3790-3795. [PMID: 38666755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
A cooperative gold(I)/DMAP system catalyzes the (2 + 3) cycloadditions of yne-enones with oxindole-derived Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) carbonates, yielding diverse bispiro-cyclopentene oxindole products. The mild, scalable protocol demonstrates broad substrate scope and excellent chemo- and diastereoselectivity. Mechanistic study reveals pivotal roles of both catalysts in the unique (2 + 3) cycloaddition. This strategy showcases superiority in achieving transformation with unique chemoselectivity and excellent diastereoselectivity, unattainable through traditional monocatalytic methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China
| | - Laiping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China
| | - Yiqiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China
| | - Yadi Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China
| | - Gu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China
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11
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Watson BT, Dias HVR. Going for gold - the chemistry of structurally authenticated gold(I)-ethylene complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4872-4889. [PMID: 38567496 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00676c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Gold coordination chemistry and catalysis involving unsaturated hydrocarbons such as olefins have experienced a remarkable growth during the last few decades. Despite the importance, isolable and well-characterized molecules with ethylene, the simplest and the most widely produced olefin, on gold are still limited. This review aims to cover features of, and strategies utilized to stabilize, gold-ethylene complexes and their diverse use in chemical transformations and homogeneous catalytic processes. Isolable and well-authenticated gold-ethylene complexes are important not only for structural, spectroscopic, and bonding studies but also as models for likely intermediates in gold mediated reactions of alkenes and gold-alkene species observed in the gas phase. There has also been development on AuI/III catalytic cycles. Nitrogen based ligands have been the most widely utilized ligand supports thus far for the successful stabilization of gold-ethylene adducts. Gold has a bright future in olefin chemistry and with ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon T Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
| | - H V Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
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12
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Fan P, Li L, Qian D. Catalytic asymmetric construction of helicenes via transformation of biaryls. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3186-3197. [PMID: 38591656 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
This review showcases a systematic overview of the available tools for the catalytic asymmetric transformation of biaryl substrates toward the construction of challenging enantioenriched helicenes and the conceptual aspects associated with each type of transformation. Depending on the properties of the biaryl and the nature of the process, several methodologies have been developed, including olefin metathesis, hydroarylation of alkynes, C-X (X = C, O, N) coupling, and C-H functionalization. Pioneering studies and an array of representative reactions are discussed to underscore the potential of these synthetic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiling Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China.
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Lun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China.
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Deyun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China.
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
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13
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García-Padilla E, Escofet I, Maseras F, Echavarren AM. Puzzling Structure of the Key Intermediates in Gold(I)-catalyzed Cyclization Reactions of Enynes and Allenenes. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300502. [PMID: 37987142 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
We identify the dominant structures of the intermediates of gold(I)-catalyzed cyclizations of 1,5-enynes and 1,5-allenenes through computational analysis as gold(I) cyclopropylcarbenes, endocyclic vinylgold complexes and previously unreported non-classical carbocationic minima. In contrast to 1,6-enynes, the exocyclic carbocations are found to be less stable. Cyclopropylcarbene structures are consistently favoured as the most stable intermediates for all studied substitution patterns. We validate the computational methods used by using DLPNO-CCSD(T) energies as a benchmark, indicating that the B3LYP-D3 and M06-D3 functionals are most accurate for energy determination, while NPA charges are mostly insensitive to functional. The evolution of a 1,6-enyne in a single-cleavage or double-cleavage rearrangement is attributed to the barrierless evolution of a common cyclopropyl-gold(I) carbocation non-stationary geometry. Our findings provide insights into reaction pathways and substrate dependence of the cycloisomerization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo García-Padilla
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química, Orgànica Universitat, Rovira i Virgili (URV) C/Marcel⋅lí, Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Imma Escofet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química, Orgànica Universitat, Rovira i Virgili (URV) C/Marcel⋅lí, Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química, Orgànica Universitat, Rovira i Virgili (URV) C/Marcel⋅lí, Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química, Orgànica Universitat, Rovira i Virgili (URV) C/Marcel⋅lí, Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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14
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Gillie AD, Wakeling MG, Greene BL, Male L, Davies PW. A laterally-fused N-heterocyclic carbene framework from polysubstituted aminoimidazo[5,1- b]oxazol-6-ium salts. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:621-627. [PMID: 38533470 PMCID: PMC10964033 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A polysubstituted 3-aminoimidazo[5,1-b]oxazol-6-ium framework has been accessed from a new nitrenoid reagent by a two-step ynamide annulation and imidazolium ring-formation sequence. Metalation with Au(I), Cu(I) and Ir(I) at the C2 position provides an L-shaped NHC ligand scaffold that has been validated in gold-catalysed alkyne hydration and arylative cyclisation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Gillie
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Bethan L Greene
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Louise Male
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul W Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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15
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Chen ZC, Ouyang Q, Du W, Chen YC. Palladium(0) π-Lewis Base Catalysis: Concept and Development. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6422-6437. [PMID: 38426858 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of a new catalytic strategy plays a vital role in modern organic chemistry since it permits bond formation in an unprecedented and more efficient manner. Although the application of preformed metal complexes as π-base-activated reagents have enabled diverse transformations elegantly, the concept and strategy by directly utilizing transition metals as efficient π-Lewis base catalysts remain underdeveloped, especially in the field of asymmetric catalysis. Here, we outline our perspective on the discovery of palladium(0) as an efficient π-Lewis base catalyst, which is capable of increasing the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy of both electron-neutral and electron-deficient 1,3-dienes and 1,3-enynes upon flexible η2-complexes formed in situ and resultant π-backdonation. Thus, fruitful carbon-carbon-forming reactions with diverse electrophiles can be achieved enantioselectively in a vinylogous addition pattern, which is conceptually different from the classical oxidative cyclization mechanism. Emphasis will be given to the concept and mechanism elucidation, catalytic features, and reaction design together with perspective on the further development of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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16
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Phearman AS, Ardon Y, Goldberg KI. Insertion of Molecular Oxygen into a Gold(III)-Hydride Bond. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4045-4059. [PMID: 38290523 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The use of molecular oxygen as an oxidant in chemical synthesis has significant environmental and economic benefits, and it is widely used as such in large-scale industrial processes. However, its adoption in highly selective homogeneous catalytic transformations, particularly to produce oxygenated organics, has been hindered by our limited understanding of the mechanisms by which O2 reacts with transition metals. Of particular relevance are the mechanisms of the reactions of oxygen with late transition metal hydrides as these metal centers are better poised to release oxygenated products. Homogeneous catalysis with gold complexes has markedly increased, and herein we report the synthesis and full characterization of a rare AuIII-H, supported by a diphosphine pincer ligand (tBuPCP = 2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)benzene). [(tBuPCP)AuIII-H]+ was found to cleanly react with molecular oxygen to yield a stable AuIII-OOH complex that was also fully characterized. Extensive kinetic studies on the reaction via variable temperature NMR spectroscopy have been completed, and the results are consistent with an autoaccelerating radical chain mechanism. The observed kinetic behavior exhibits similarities to that of previously reported PdII-H and PtIV-H reactions with O2 but is not fully consistent with any known O2 insertion mechanism. As such, this study contributes to the nascent fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of aerobic oxidation of late metal hydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Phearman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yotam Ardon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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17
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Wang M, Wang Y. Advances for Triangular and Sandwich-Shaped All-Metal Aromatics. Molecules 2024; 29:763. [PMID: 38398515 PMCID: PMC10892378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Much experimental work has been contributed to all-metal σ, π and δ-aromaticity among transition metals, semimetallics and other metals in the past two decades. Before our focused investigations on the properties of triangular and sandwich-shaped all-metal aromatics, A. I. Boldyrev presented general discussions on the concepts of all-metal σ-aromaticity and σ-antiaromaticity for metallo-clusters. Schleyer illustrated that Nucleus-Independent Chemical Shifts (NICS) were among the most authoritative criteria for aromaticity. Ugalde discussed the earlier developments of all-metal aromatic compounds with all possible shapes. Besides the theoretical predictions, many stable all-metal aromatic trinuclear clusters have been isolated as the metallic analogues of either the σ-aromatic molecule's [H3]+ ion or the π-aromatic molecule's [C3H3]+ ion. Different from Hoffman's opinion on all-metal aromaticity, triangular all-metal aromatics were found to hold great potential in applications in coordination chemistry, catalysis, and material science. Triangular all-metal aromatics, which were theoretically proved to conform to the Hückel (4n + 2) rule and possess the smallest aromatic ring, could also play roles as stable ligands during the formation of all-metal sandwiches. The triangular and sandwich-shaped all-metal aromatics have not yet been specifically summarized despite their diversity of existence, puissant developments and various interesting applications. These findings are different from the public opinion that all-metal aromatics would be limited to further applications due to their overstated difficulties in synthesis and uncertain stabilities. Our review will specifically focus on the summarization of theoretical predictions, feasible syntheses and isolations, and multiple applications of triangular and sandwich shaped all-metal aromatics. The appropriateness and necessities of this review will emphasize and disseminate their importance and applications forcefully and in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanlan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China;
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18
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Wu X, Zhao K, Quintanilla CD, Zhang L. Chiral Bifunctional Phosphine Ligand Enables Asymmetric Trapping of Catalytic Vinyl Gold Carbene Species. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2308-2312. [PMID: 38237566 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Bifunctional ligand-enabled cooperative gold catalysis accelerates nucleophilic attacks and offers a versatile strategy to achieve asymmetric gold catalysis. Distinct from the prior studies employing alkyne/allene as the electrophilic site, this work engages an in situ-generated alkenyl/acyl gold carbene in a ligand-facilitated attack by an alcoholic nucleophile. With an amide-functionalized chiral binaphthylphosphine ligand, γ-alkoxy-α,β-unsaturated imides are formed with excellent enantiomeric excesses. The intermediacy of a carbene species is supported by its alternative access via dediazotization. The reaction tolerates a broad range of alcohols and can accommodate dienynamide substrates, in addition to arylenynamides. This work avails a versatile strategy to enrich gold chemistry and achieve challenging enantioselective gold catalysis via ligand-facilitated enantioselective trapping of reactive intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States
| | - Carlos D Quintanilla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States
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19
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Sutro JL, Fürstner A. Total Synthesis of the Allenic Macrolide (+)-Archangiumide. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2345-2350. [PMID: 38241031 PMCID: PMC10835656 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Archangiumide is the first known macrolide natural product comprising an endocyclic allene. For the ring strain that this linear substructure might entail, it was planned to unveil the allene at a very late stage of the projected total synthesis; in actual fact, this was achieved as the last step of the longest linear sequence by using an otherwise globally deprotected substrate. This unconventional timing was made possible by a gold catalyzed rearrangement of a macrocyclic propargyl benzyl ether derivative that uses a -PMB group as latent hydride source to unveil the signature cycloallene; the protecting group therefore gains a strategic role beyond its mere safeguarding function. Although the gold catalyzed reaction per se is stereoablative, the macrocyclic frame of the target was found to impose high selectivity and a stereoconvergent character on the transformation. The required substrate was formed by ring closing alkyne metathesis (RCAM) with the aid of a new air-stable molybdenum alkylidyne catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L. Sutro
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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20
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Zhao K, Yang Z, Yang J, Li X, Quintanilla CD, Zhang L. Desymmetrization and Parallel Kinetic Resolution of 1-Ethynylcyclobutanols via Asymmetric Cooperative Gold Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27205-27210. [PMID: 38064639 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective gold catalysis remains a challenging area of research. By harnessing gold-ligand cooperation in the presence of a chiral bifunctional phosphine ligand featuring a novel 3'-phosphine oxide moiety, highly enantioselective desymmetrization of 1-ethynylcyclobutanols is achieved, permitting access to chiral α-methylenecyclopentanones featuring a diverse array of chiral quaternary and tertiary centers. This cooperative gold catalysis also enables parallel kinetic resolution in gold catalysis, delivering cyclopentanone regioisomers with excellent enantiomeric excesses. DFT calculations of the transition states support the distinct mechanism of asymmetric induction via controlling the conformation of the bound substrate and hence dictating the ring bond undergoing migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States
| | - Ziguang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States
| | - Jielin Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States
| | - Carlos D Quintanilla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States
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21
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Su Z, Amin PM, Wang S. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Ring-Closing Alkyne-Carbonyl Metathesis for the Synthesis of Butenolides. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302044. [PMID: 37652895 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Alkyne-carbonyl metathesis is a type of carbon-carbon forming reaction involving the construction a carbon-carbon double bond and a carbonyl group in one transformation. Herein, a Au(I)-catalyzed ring-closing alkyne-carbonyl metathesis protocol has been developed to make densely substituted γ-butenolides from propargyl α-ketoesters. It features 100 % atom economy, excellent substrate flexibility and benign functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the coordinative interaction between the gold catalyst and the alkyne might initiate the transfer of an oxygen atom and the formation of the carbon-carbon double bond. By using this gold-catalyzed ring-closing alkyne-carbonyl metathesis as a key step reaction, four naturally occurring butenolide-type compounds including decumbic acid (45 % yield for 3 steps), deoxyisosporothric acid (32 % yield for 5 steps), lichesterinic acid (34 % yield for 5 steps) and isomuronic acid (6 % yield for 8 steps) have been synthesized starting from commercially available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Pathan Mosim Amin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Shaozhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
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22
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Peeters M, Decaens J, Fürstner A. Taming of Furfurylidenes by Chiral Bismuth-Rhodium Paddlewheel Catalysts. Preparation and Functionalization of Optically Active 1,1-Disubstituted (Trifluoromethyl)cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311598. [PMID: 37698240 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Although 2-furyl-carbenes (furfurylidenes) are prone to instantaneous electrocyclic ring opening, chiral [BiRh]-paddlewheel complexes empowered by London dispersion allow (trifluoromethyl)furfurylidene metal complexes to be generated from a bench-stable triftosylhydrazone precursor. These reactive intermediates engage in asymmetric [2+1] cycloadditions and hence open entry into valuable trifluoromethylated cyclopropane or -cyclopropene derivatives in optically active form, which are important building blocks for medicinal chemistry but difficult to make otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Peeters
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, RuhrMülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jonathan Decaens
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, RuhrMülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, RuhrMülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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23
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Sun Q, Hüßler C, Kahle J, Mackenroth AV, Rudolph M, Krämer P, Oeser T, Hashmi ASK. Cascade Reactions of Aryl-Substituted Terminal Alkynes Involving in Situ-Generated α-Imino Gold Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202313738. [PMID: 37882411 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, highly selective and divergent synthetic method to construct 2-substituted indoles and aryl-annulated carbazoles via the intermolecular generation of α-imino gold carbenes from terminal alkynes or diynes in combination with sulfilimines is disclosed. Importantly, the tandem reaction is proposed to proceed through an intermolecular gold carbene generation/C-H annulation followed by the activation of a second alkyne leading to 6-endo-dig cyclization, which is significantly different from previous dual activation or 1,6-carbene shift approaches for diyne systems. In the case of ortho-alkynylaniline as starting material, an unexpected regioselective formation of the indole moiety via the intermolecular path, instead of intramolecular hydroamination was discovered. This reactivity paved the way for a one-pot synthesis of the 11H-indolo [3,2-c] quinoline scaffold by exploiting the formed amino indole for a subsequent Pictet-Spengler reaction with aldehydes. The photophysical properties of the carbazoles indicated good violet-blue emission with quantum yields up to 40 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Sun
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Hüßler
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justin Kahle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra V Mackenroth
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Oeser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Pang Y, Zhao Z, Wang Y. Activation of alkynes by chalcogen bonding: a Se⋯π interaction catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of 1,6-diynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12278-12281. [PMID: 37751221 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The activation of the triple bond of alkynes was dominated by transition metals, while it is difficult for organocatalysts to play an effective role in this realm. Herein, we describe the activation of alkynes by chalcogen bonding, and the weak Se⋯π interaction was capable of catalyzing the intramolecular cyclization of 1,6-diynes, thus adding a new capability in the list of supramolecular catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanling Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhiguo Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.
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25
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Li X, Hu L, Lu G, Wang Y. Carbon-Bonding Metal Catalysis (CBMC): A Supramolecular Complex Directs Structural-Isomer Selection in Gold-Catalyzed Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21554-21561. [PMID: 37668596 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon is a primary element to constitute organic molecules, while metal catalysis is a basic tool in organic synthesis. The establishment of a link between the ubiquitous carbon bonding and metal catalysis is thus a fundamentally important problem. However, there is yet no experimental example to introduce the role of carbon bonding in a metal catalysis process. Herein, we merged the topics of carbon bonding and metal catalysis together and demonstrated that a supramolecular carbon-bonding metal complex can not only give rise to catalytic activity but, more remarkably, direct structural-isomer selection events in gold-catalyzed reactions. The experimental results unveil the fact that the imposing of weak carbon-bonding interactions on a gold complex can alter the carbene as well as the Lewis acid property of these catalysts. These results illustrate a non-negligible role of weak carbon-bonding interactions in the modulation of metal catalysis. As such, carbon-bonding metal catalysis is suggested to be used as a routine tool not only in the development of reactions but more frequently in analyzing reaction processes in metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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26
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Sreenivasulu G, Sridhar B, Karunakar GV. Dual gold-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of benzofulvenes via 5- endo dig cyclization. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7799-7807. [PMID: 37712351 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
An efficient dual gold-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of benzofulvenes has been developed from substituted allyloxy 1,5-diynes via 5-endo dig cyclization. In this intramolecular organic transformation a new C-C bond formation occurs and moderate to very good yields are obtained in one pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gottam Sreenivasulu
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Balasubramanian Sridhar
- Center for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Galla V Karunakar
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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27
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García-Padilla E, Maseras F, Echavarren AM. Gold(I)-Catalyzed 1,6-Enyne Single-Cleavage Rearrangements: The Complete Picture. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2023; 3:312-320. [PMID: 37810414 PMCID: PMC10557124 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
We identify the factors that rule the selectivity in single-cleavage skeletal rearrangements promoted by gold(I) catalysts. We find that stereoconvergence is enabled by a rotational equilibrium when electron-rich substituents are used. The anomalous Z-selective skeletal rearrangement is found to be due to electronic factors, whereas endo-selectivity depends on both steric and electronic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo García-Padilla
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo
s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo
s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo
s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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28
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Zhang XQ, Zhang C, Hu Z, Wang Y. Gold-Catalyzed Divergent N/ O-Vinylations of trans-2-Butene-1,4-amino Alcohols with Alkynes and the Cascade Rearrangements/Cyclizations to Dihydropyrroles and Dihydrofurans. Org Lett 2023; 25:5800-5805. [PMID: 37498148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Although the transition-metal-catalyzed vinylations of amines and alcohols via the additions to alkynes have been well developed, the selective vinylations of amino alcohols have been merely investigated. Herein, we report the gold-catalyzed divergent additions of trans-2-butene-1,4-amino alcohols' N-H and O-H groups to alkynes. The allyl enamine and allyl vinyl ether adducts then underwent a cascade (Aza-) Claisen rearrangement/cyclization sequence, furnishing the functionalized dihydropyrrole and dihydrofuran products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Zhang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Congdi Zhang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhiyou Hu
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Youliang Wang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi'an 710049, China
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29
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Deiana L, Badali E, Rafi AA, Tai CW, Bäckvall JE, Córdova A. Cellulose-Supported Heterogeneous Gold-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reactions of Alkynoic Acids and Allenynamides. ACS Catal 2023; 13:10418-10424. [PMID: 37560186 PMCID: PMC10407851 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe efficient nanogold-catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions of alkynoic acids and allenynamides to enol lactones and dihydropyrroles, respectively (the latter via an Alder-ene reaction). The gold nanoparticles were immobilized on thiol-functionalized microcrystalline cellulose and characterized by electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and by XPS. The thiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au0) were obtained in the size range 1.5-6 nm at the cellulose surface. The robust and sustainable cellulose-supported gold nanocatalyst can be recycled for multiple cycles without losing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Deiana
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, SE-85179 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Elham Badali
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, SE-85179 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Abdolrahim A. Rafi
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, SE-85179 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Cheuk-Wai Tai
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-E Bäckvall
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, SE-85179 Sundsvall, Sweden
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Armando Córdova
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, SE-85179 Sundsvall, Sweden
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30
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Martí À, Ogalla G, Echavarren AM. Hydrogen-Bonded Matched Ion Pair Gold(I) Catalysis. ACS Catal 2023; 13:10217-10223. [PMID: 37560194 PMCID: PMC10407850 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective reaction of 1,6-enynes with O-, N-, and C-nucleophiles has been developed by matched ion pair gold(I) catalysis in which the chiral gold(I) cation and anion are H-bonded through a urea group. Very high levels of enantiocontrol are achieved (up to >99:1 er) for a broad scope of substrates. DFT studies demonstrate the importance of the H-bond donor group in anchoring the matched chiral cation- and anion-favoring additional noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àlex Martí
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia
(ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and
Technology (BIST), Av.
Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica
i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i
Virgili (URV), C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gala Ogalla
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia
(ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and
Technology (BIST), Av.
Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica
i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i
Virgili (URV), C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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31
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Wei J, Xing Y, Ye X, Nguyen B, Wojtas L, Hong X, Shi X. Gold-Catalyzed Amine Cascade Addition to Diyne-Ene: Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,2-Dihydropyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305409. [PMID: 37167070 PMCID: PMC10524696 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
With the well-documented chemical and biological applications, piperidine and pyridine are among the most important N-heterocycles, and a new synthetic strategy, especially one with an alternative bond-forming design, is of general interest. Using the gold-catalyzed intermolecular condensation of amine and diyne-ene, we report herein the first example of enantioselective 1,2-dihydropyridine synthesis through a formal [3+2+1] fashion (up to 95 % yield, up to 99 % e.e.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, FL 33620, Tampa, USA
| | - Yangyang Xing
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, FL 33620, Tampa, USA
| | - Bao Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, FL 33620, Tampa, USA
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, FL 33620, Tampa, USA
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, FL 33620, Tampa, USA
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32
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Wu X, Sun Y, Zeng Y, Li X. Mechanistic Insights into Oxazolone Synthesis by Bimetallic Au-Pd-Catalyzed Catalysis and Catalyst Design: DFT Investigations. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37449782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic synergistic catalysis is one of the most effective and powerful strategies for the synthesis of oxazolones, an important species in organic synthesis. In this work, the mechanism of AuCl(PMe3)/AgOTf-Pd(0) ([Au-Pd]) bimetallic catalyst-catalyzed oxazolone synthesis using N-alkynyl carbamates as precursors was studied in detail by DFT calculations and the catalytic performances of a series of bimetallic catalysts were evaluated. The results show that the reaction begins from the [Au]-catalyzed cycloisomerization of N-alkynyl carbamates. After the five-membered intermediate is formed, the [Pd(0)]-catalyzed cycle starts, which contains three steps: oxidation addition, transmetalation, and reductive elimination. The whole reaction belongs to a catalyzed catalysis, and the reductive elimination is the rate-determining step. In the transmetalation process, both the [Pd(0)] catalyst and the ionic bridge are necessary. For the [Au-Pd]-catalyzed process, it is Cl- as the bridge, not OTf-. The cheaper metal compound, AgCl(PMe3), can serve as the alternative of AuCl(PMe3) to co-catalyze with the [Pd(0)] catalyst for the title reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueju Wu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Inorganic and Nano-Materials, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Inorganic and Nano-Materials, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Inorganic and Nano-Materials, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Inorganic and Nano-Materials, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P. R. China
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33
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Zuccarello G, Nannini LJ, Arroyo-Bondía A, Fincias N, Arranz I, Pérez-Jimeno AH, Peeters M, Martín-Torres I, Sadurní A, García-Vázquez V, Wang Y, Kirillova MS, Montesinos-Magraner M, Caniparoli U, Núñez GD, Maseras F, Besora M, Escofet I, Echavarren AM. Enantioselective Catalysis with Pyrrolidinyl Gold(I) Complexes: DFT and NEST Analysis of the Chiral Binding Pocket. JACS AU 2023; 3:1742-1754. [PMID: 37388697 PMCID: PMC10301678 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
A new generation of chiral gold(I) catalysts based on variations of complexes with JohnPhos-type ligands with a remote C2-symmetric 2,5-diarylpyrrolidine have been synthesized with different substitutions at the top and bottom aryl rings: from replacing the phosphine by a N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) to increasing the steric hindrance with bis- or tris-biphenylphosphine scaffolds, or by directly attaching the C2-chiral pyrrolidine in the ortho-position of the dialkylphenyl phosphine. The new chiral gold(I) catalysts have been tested in the intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition of arylalkynes with alkenes and in the atroposelective synthesis of 2-arylindoles. Interestingly, simpler catalysts with the C2-chiral pyrrolidine in the ortho-position of the dialkylphenyl phosphine led to the formation of opposite enantiomers. The chiral binding pockets of the new catalysts have been analyzed by DFT calculations. As revealed by non-covalent interaction plots, attractive non-covalent interactions between substrates and catalysts direct specific enantioselective folding. Furthermore, we have introduced the open-source tool NEST, specifically designed to account for steric effects in cylindrical-shaped complexes, which allows predicting experimental enantioselectivities in our systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Zuccarello
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Leonardo J. Nannini
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Ana Arroyo-Bondía
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Departament
de Química Orgànica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Nicolás Fincias
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Isabel Arranz
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Departament
de Química Orgànica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Alba H. Pérez-Jimeno
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Departament
de Química Orgànica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Matthias Peeters
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Martín-Torres
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Anna Sadurní
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Víctor García-Vázquez
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Yufei Wang
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Mariia S. Kirillova
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Marc Montesinos-Magraner
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Ulysse Caniparoli
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Departament
de Química Orgànica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Gonzalo D. Núñez
- Departament
de Química Orgànica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Departament
de Química Orgànica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Maria Besora
- Departament
de Química Orgànica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Imma Escofet
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Departament
de Química Orgànica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Departament
de Química Orgànica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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34
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Ambegave SB, More TR, Patil NT. Gold-based enantioselective bimetallic catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37285287 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01966g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multimetallic catalysis is a powerful strategy to access complex molecular scaffolds efficiently from easily available starting materials. Numerous reports in the literature have demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach, particularly for capitalizing on enantioselective transformations. Interestingly, gold joined the race of transition metals very late making its use in multimetallic catalysis unthinkable. Recent literature revealed that there is an urgent need to develop gold-based multicatalytic systems based on the combination of gold with other metals for enabling enantioselective transformations that are not possible to capitalize with the use of a single catalyst alone. This review article highlights the progress made in the field of enantioselective gold-based bimetallic catalysis highlighting the power of multicatalysis for accessing new reactivities and selectivities which are beyond the reach of individual catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivhar B Ambegave
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, India.
| | - Tushar R More
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, India.
| | - Nitin T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, India.
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35
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Holst DE, Dorval C, Winter CK, Guzei IA, Wickens ZK. Regiospecific Alkene Aminofunctionalization via an Electrogenerated Dielectrophile. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37023348 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Modular strategies to rapidly increase molecular complexity have proven immensely synthetically valuable. In principle, transformation of an alkene into a dielectrophile presents an opportunity to deliver two unique nucleophiles across an alkene. Unfortunately, the selectivity profiles of known dielectrophiles have largely precluded this deceptively simple synthetic approach. Herein, we demonstrate that dicationic adducts generated through electrolysis of alkenes and thianthrene possess a unique selectivity profile relative to more conventional dielectrophiles. Specifically, these species undergo a single and perfectly regioselective substitution reaction with phthalimide salts. This observation unlocks an appealing new platform for aminofunctionalization reactions. As an illustrative example, we implement this new reactivity paradigm to address a longstanding synthetic challenge: alkene diamination with two distinct nitrogen nucleophiles. Studies into the mechanism of this process reveal a key alkenyl thianthrenium salt intermediate that controls the exquisite regioselectivity of the process and highlight the importance of proton sources in controlling the reactivity of alkenyl sulfonium salt electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan E Holst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Céline Dorval
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Casey K Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zachary K Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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36
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Kim DK, Keum M, Yun H, Kim I, Joo JM, Lee C. Carbofunctionalization of Terminal Alkynes via Rhodium Catalysis Enabling Formations of Four Different Bonds. Org Lett 2023; 25:2024-2029. [PMID: 36930814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Described here is the oxygenative carbofunctionalization of terminal alkynes mediated by combined rhodium catalysis that enables regioselective quadruple formation of C-C, C-H, C-O, and C-heteroatom bonds. Mechanistic studies suggest that a disubstituted rhodium vinylidene complex is generated upon C-C bond formation at the terminal alkyne with tethered electrophiles such as alkyl halides, aldehydes, imines, and Michael acceptors. Subsequent intermolecular transfer oxygenation of the rhodium vinylidene with pyridine N-oxide generates a rhodium-complexed ketene intermediate that reacts with a variety of heteroatom nucleophiles to give rise to cyclic carboxylic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Kwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Keum
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heekyung Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Insu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulbom Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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37
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Fürstner A. How to Break the Law:
trans
‐Hydroboration and
gem
‐Hydroboration of Alkynes. Isr J Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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38
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Ghosh T, Bhakta S. Advancements in Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions to Access Carbocycles and Heterocycles: An Overview. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200225. [PMID: 36543388 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments (from 2006 to 2022) in numerous important and efficient carbo- and heterocycle generations using gold-catalyzed cascade protocols. Herein, methodologies involve selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and ease of product formation being controlled by the ligand as well as the counter anion, catalyst, substrate, and reaction conditions. Gold-catalyzed cascade reactions covered different strategies through the compilation of various approaches such as cyclization, hydroarylation, intermolecular and intramolecular cascade reactions, etc. This entitled reaction is also useful for the synthesis of spiro, fused, bridged carbo- and heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, Haringhata-741249, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - S Bhakta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, Haringhata-741249, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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39
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Zhong K, Liu S, He X, Ni H, Lai W, Gong W, Shan C, Zhao Z, Lan Y, Bai R. Oxidative cyclopalladation triggers the hydroalkylation of alkynes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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40
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Rapid Microwave Heating and Fast Quenching for the Highly Efficient Production of Long-term Stable Supported Ag Nanoclusters. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.114081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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41
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Bobylev EO, Ruijter J, Poole DA, Mathew S, de Bruin B, Reek JNH. Effector Regulated Catalytic Cyclization of Alkynoic Acids Using Pt 2 L 4 Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218162. [PMID: 36779628 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic pathways are highly regulated by effector molecules that influences the rate of enzymatic reactions. Inspired by the catalytic regulation found in living cells, we report a Pt2 L4 cage of which the activity can be controlled by effectors that bind inside the cage. The cage shows catalytic activity in the lactonization of alkynoic acids, with the reaction rates dependent on the effector guest bound in the cage. Some effector guests enhance the rate of the lactonization by up to 19-fold, whereas one decreases it by 5-fold. When mixtures of specific substrates are used, both starting materials and products act as guests for the Pt2 L4 cage, enhancing its catalytic activity for one substrate while reducing its activity for the other. The reported regulatory behavior obtained by the addition of effector molecules paves the way to the development of more complex, metabolic-like catalyst systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard O Bobylev
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Ruijter
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David A Poole
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Mathew
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N H Reek
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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42
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Lan L, Zhang T, Wang H, Hu H, Shi Z, Li G. Synthesis and Full Characterization of One Organometallic Polyoxometalate-Based Copper(I)-Alkene Complex. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1377-1382. [PMID: 36657984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An alkene-bridged thioether ligand (L) was designed and used for its first study within a polyoxometalate (POM) hybrid system, and a POM-based copper(I)-alkene compound [(CuIL)2(PVMoVI12O40)]·(CuIL) (1) was isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallography. A unique alkene-coordinating N(η2-C═C)N mode of L is observed, and the Cu centers are captured by σ2,π-L in a pocket fashion, giving birth to discrete [CuIL]+ cations and [(CuIL)2(PVMoVI12)]- anions. The ionic crystal exhibits solubility in aprotic polar solvents, and the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is used to explore the nature of species present in the solution. It is found that the whole cluster [PVMoVI12]3- is completely present, and all the main peaks can be assigned to different charged fragments of the same parent cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Lan
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Big Data, School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Big Data, School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Huanjiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Big Data, School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Hailiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Big Data, School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China
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43
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Zachmann R, Yahata K, Holzheimer M, Jarret M, Wirtz C, Fürstner A. Total Syntheses of Nominal and Actual Prorocentin. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2584-2595. [PMID: 36652728 PMCID: PMC9896551 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate-derived polyether prorocentin is a co-metabolite of the archetypical serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid. Whereas a structural relationship cannot be missed and a biosynthetic link was proposed, it is currently unknown whether there is any parallel in the bioactivity profile of these natural products. However, it was insinuated in the past that the structure assigned to prorocentin might need to be revised. Indeed, re-examination of the published spectra cast doubts as to the constitution of the fused/spirotricyclic BCD-ring system in the core. To clarify this issue, a flexible synthesis blueprint was devised that allowed us to obtain the originally proposed structure as well as the most plausible amended structure. The key to success was late-stage gold-catalyzed spirocyclization reactions that furnished the isomeric central segments with excellent selectivity. The lexicon of catalytic transformations used to make the required cyclization precursors comprised a titanium-mediated ester methylenation/metathesis cascade, a rare example of a gold-catalyzed allylic substitution, and chain extensions via organocatalytic asymmetric aldehyde propargylation. A wing sector to be attached to the isomeric cores was obtained by Krische allylation, followed by a superbly selective cobalt-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of the resulting di-unsaturated alcohol with the formation of a 2,5-trans-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran; the remaining terminal alkene was elaborated into an appropriate handle for fragment coupling by platinum-catalyzed asymmetric diboration/oxidation. The assembly of the different building blocks to the envisaged isomeric target compounds proved that the structure of prorocentin needs to be revised as disclosed herein.
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Yang S, Zhou T, Yu X, Szostak M. Ag-NHC Complexes in the π-Activation of Alkynes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030950. [PMID: 36770617 PMCID: PMC9920927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver-NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes play a special role in the field of transition-metal complexes due to (1) their prominent biological activity, and (2) their critical role as transfer reagents for the synthesis of metal-NHC complexes by transmetalation. However, the application of silver-NHCs in catalysis is underdeveloped, particularly when compared to their group 11 counterparts, gold-NHCs (Au-NHC) and copper-NHCs (Cu-NHC). In this Special Issue on Featured Reviews in Organometallic Chemistry, we present a comprehensive overview of the application of silver-NHC complexes in the p-activation of alkynes. The functionalization of alkynes is one of the most important processes in chemistry, and it is at the bedrock of organic synthesis. Recent studies show the significant promise of silver-NHC complexes as unique and highly selective catalysts in this class of reactions. The review covers p-activation reactions catalyzed by Ag-NHCs since 2005 (the first example of p-activation in catalysis by Ag-NHCs) through December 2022. The review focuses on the structure of NHC ligands and p-functionalization methods, covering the following broadly defined topics: (1) intramolecular cyclizations; (2) CO2 fixation; and (3) hydrofunctionalization reactions. By discussing the role of Ag-NHC complexes in the p-functionalization of alkynes, the reader is provided with an overview of this important area of research and the role of Ag-NHCs to promote reactions that are beyond other group 11 metal-NHC complexes.
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Greiner LC, Arichi N, Inuki S, Ohno H. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Benzylic C(sp 3 )-H Functionalizations: Divergent Synthesis of Indole[a]- and [b]-Fused Polycycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213653. [PMID: 36255174 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Phenyl azides substituted by an (alkylphenyl)ethynyl group facilitate benzylic sp3 (C-H) functionalization in the presence of a JohnPhosAu catalyst, resulting in indole-fused tetra- and pentacycles via divergent N- or C-cyclization. The chemoselectivity is influenced depending on the counter-anion, the electron density of the α-imino gold(I) carbene, and the alkyl groups stabilizing the benzylic carbocation originating from a 1,5-hydride shift. An isotopic labeling experiment demonstrates the involvement of an indolylgold(I) species resulting from a tautomerization that is much faster than the deauration. The formation of a benzylic sp3 (C-H) functionalization leading to an indole-fused seven-membered ring is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca C Greiner
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Norihito Arichi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Su S, Wu T, Xia Y, Wink DJ, Lee D. Cycloisomerization of Alkyne-Tethered N-Acyloxycarbamates to 2-(3H)Oxazolones through Nitrenoid-Mediated Carboxyamidation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203371. [PMID: 36628950 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The cycloisomerization of alkyne-tethered N-benzoyloxycarbamates to 2-(3H)oxazolones is described. Two catalytic systems are tailored for intramolecular 5-exo-alkyne carboxyamidation and concomitant alkene isomerization. PtCl2 /CO (5 mol%, toluene, 100 °C) promotes both carboxyamidation and alkene isomerization but has a limited substrate scope. On the other hand, FeCl3 (5 mol%, CH3 CN, 100 °C) promotes carboxyamidation effectively but a cocatalyst is required for the exocyclic alkene isomerization. Thus, a two-step one-pot protocol has been developed for a broader reaction scope, which involves FeCl3 -catalyzed carboxyamidation and base-induced alkene isomerization. Crossover experiments suggest that these reactions proceed mainly through a mechanism involving acylnitrenoid intermediates rather than carbenoid intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois, 60607, USA
| | - Tongtong Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Donald J Wink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois, 60607, USA
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois, 60607, USA
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47
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Tathe AG, Saswade SS, Patil NT. Gold-catalyzed multicomponent reactions. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3qo00272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have emerged as an important branch in organic synthesis for the creation of complex molecular structures. This review is focused on gold-catalyzed MCRs with a special emphasis on the recent developments.
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48
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Tanpure SD, Kardile RD, Liu RS. Relay Zn( ii)- and Au( i)-catalyzed aziridination/cyclization/ring expansion sequence to form 3-benzazepine derivatives. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3qo00134b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 3H-benzo[d]azepine-2-carboxylates from 2-alkynylphenyl aldimines and α-diazo esters using Zn(ii) and Au(i) catalysts is described.
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49
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Recyclable gold(I)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of 1,4-diyn-3-ols leading to highly substituted 3-formylfurans. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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50
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Wu J, Wei C, Zhao F, Du W, Geng Z, Xia Z. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization/Hydroarylation of o-Alkynylphenols with Haloalkynes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14374-14383. [PMID: 36194643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A convenient and mild protocol for the gold-catalyzed intermolecular coupling of o-alkynylphenols with haloalkynes to give vinyl benzofurans is reported. In this work, the gold catalyst SIPrAuCl and the co-catalyst NaBARF would corporately promote the intramolecular cyclization of the o-alkynylphenol to benzofuran, and then a selective hydroarylation of benzofuran to haloalkyne was catalyzed by the same catalysts. Computational studies suggest that the hydroarylation process takes place via a concerted nucleophilic attack pathway of the benzofuran to the C2 carbon of the activated haloalkyne, and reveal the original driving force of this hydroarylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cunbo Wei
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fen Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Yuehua Street, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wenqian Du
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhishuai Geng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhonghua Xia
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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