1
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Zarandi MA, Pathak P, Beltrami N, Walker JN, Zhang F, Brodbelt JS, Schmehl R, Jayawickramarajah J. Heteromeric guanosine (G)-quadruplex derived antenna modules with directional energy transfer. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:19069-19073. [PMID: 37990645 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04086k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
A heteromeric guanosine (G)-quadruplex centered self-assembly approach is developed to prepare compact light-harvesting antenna modules featuring multiple donor dyes and a single toehold region. Due to the mix-and-match nature of our approach, the number and placement of donor dyes can be readily fine-tuned via quadruplex assembly. Moreover, hybridization of the toehold with an acceptor containing sequence results in directional energy transfer ensembles with effective absorption coefficients in the 105 M-1 cm-1 range. These compact antennas exhibit system efficiencies that are comparable to much larger and elaborate DNA architectures containing numerous DNA strands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pravin Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
| | - Noah Beltrami
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
| | - Jada N Walker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Fengqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
| | - Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Russell Schmehl
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
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2
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Hu C, Jin Y, Yang P, Zhou R, Xia L, Du L, Chen J, Cheng N, Hou X. Biomolecule-guided co-localization of intermolecular G-rich strands for the construction of a tetramolecular G-quadruplex sensing strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6914-6917. [PMID: 35621922 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01587k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We herein introduce the principle of proximity assay into tetramolecular G-quadruplexes guided by various biomolecules for the construction of a sensing strategy. Our strategy is based on the co-localization of intermolecular G-rich strands guided by a recognition event of a specific biomolecule to its corresponding affinity ligand. In such case, the local concentration among intermolecular strands is significantly increased to trigger the following self-assembly that served as the peroxidase-mimicking activity. This strategy is versatile, homogenous and adaptable to different types of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjia Hu
- Biliary Surgical Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China. .,Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yanwen Jin
- Biliary Surgical Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China.
| | - Peng Yang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Rongxing Zhou
- Biliary Surgical Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China.
| | - Lingying Xia
- Biliary Surgical Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China. .,Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Lijie Du
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Junbo Chen
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Nansheng Cheng
- Biliary Surgical Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China.
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
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3
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Busschaert N, Maity D, Samanta PK, English NJ, Hamilton AD. Improving structural stability and anticoagulant activity of a thrombin binding aptamer by aromatic modifications. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100670. [PMID: 34985829 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) is a 15-mer DNA oligonucleotide (5'-GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG-3'), that can form a stable intramolecular antiparallel chair-like G-quadruplex structure. This aptamer shows anticoagulant properties by interacting with one of the two anion binding sites of thrombin, namely the fibrinogen-recognition exosite. Here, we demonstrate that terminal modification of TBA with aromatic fragments such as coumarin, pyrene and perylene diimide (PDI), improves the G-quadruplex stability. The large aromatic surface of these dyes can π-π stack to the G-quadruplex or to each other, thereby stabilizing the aptamer. With respect to the original TBA, monoPDI-functionalized TBA exhibited the most remarkable improvement in melting temperature (ΔT m ≈ +18 °C) and displayed enhanced anticoagulant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Busschaert
- Tulane University, Department of Chemistry, 6400 Freret St, 70118, New Orleans, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Pralok K Samanta
- University College Dublin, School of Chemical and Bioprocess engineering, IRELAND
| | - Niall J English
- University College Dublin, School of chemical and Bioprocess engineering, IRELAND
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4
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Pathak P, Zarandi MA, Zhou X, Jayawickramarajah J. Synthesis and Applications of Porphyrin-Biomacromolecule Conjugates. Front Chem 2021; 9:764137. [PMID: 34820357 PMCID: PMC8606752 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.764137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With potential applications in materials and especially in light-responsive biomedicine that targets cancer tissue selectively, much research has focused on developing covalent conjugation techniques to tether porphyrinoid units to various biomacromolecules. This review details the key synthetic approaches that have been employed in the recent decades to conjugate porphyrinoids with oligonucleotides and peptides/proteins. In addition, we provide succinct discussions on the subsequent applications of such hybrid systems and also give a brief overview of the rapidly progressing field of porphyrin-antibody conjugates. Since nucleic acid and peptide systems vary in structure, connectivity, functional group availability and placement, as well as stability and solubility, tailored synthetic approaches are needed for conjugating to each of these biomacromolecule types. In terms of tethering to ONs, porphyrins are typically attached by employing bioorthogonal chemistry (e.g., using phosphoramidites) that drive solid-phase ON synthesis or by conducting post-synthesis modifications and subsequent reactions (such as amide couplings, hydrazide-carbonyl reactions, and click chemistry). In contrast, peptides and proteins are typically conjugated to porphyrinoids using their native functional groups, especially the thiol and amine side chains. However, bioorthogonal reactions (e.g., Staudinger ligations, and copper or strain promoted alkyne-azide cycloadditions) that utilize de novo introduced functional groups onto peptides/proteins have seen vigorous development, especially for site-specific peptide-porphyrin tethering. While the ON-porphyrin conjugates have largely been explored for programmed nanostructure self-assembly and artificial light-harvesting applications, there are some reports of ON-porphyrin systems targeting clinically translational applications (e.g., antimicrobial biomaterials and site-specific nucleic acid cleavage). Conjugates of porphyrins with proteinaceous moieties, on the other hand, have been predominantly used for therapeutic and diagnostic applications (especially in photodynamic therapy, photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy, and photothermal therapy). The advancement of the field of porphyrinoid-bioconjugation chemistry from basic academic research to more clinically targeted applications require continuous fine-tuning in terms of synthetic strategies and hence there will continue to be much exciting work on porphyrinoid-biomacromolecule conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Janarthanan Jayawickramarajah
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
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5
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Podder A, Lee HJ, Kim BH. Fluorescent Nucleic Acid Systems for Biosensors. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arup Podder
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Ha Jung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Byeang Hyean Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
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6
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Li C, Wu B, Chen S, Hao K, Yang J, Cao H, Yang S, Wu ZS, Shen Z. Structural requirement of G-quadruplex/aptamer-combined DNA macromolecule serving as efficient drug carrier for cancer-targeted drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 159:221-227. [PMID: 33253890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a clinical cancer treatment method has been used to treat carcinomas in different organs, and G-quadruplex-based DNA nanocompartments serving as the carriers of cationic porphyrin photosensitizers, especially combined with cell-targeting aptamers, is considered to offer new opportunities for future cancer treatment. However, the structural features of G-quadruplex/aptamer complexes suitable for the capsulation of photosensitizers and target cell recognition is unexplored so far. In this study, unimolecular (UM), bimolecular (BM) and tetramolecular (TM) G-quadruplex structures were used as the drug loading compartments and grafted onto tumor cell-targeting aptamer Sgc8, constructing several targeting drug delivery vehicles (T-GMVs). Besides the binding affinity of resulting DNA architectures for target cells and cell recognition specificity were explored in a comparative fashion, the drug loading capability and cancer therapy efficacy were evaluated using TMPyP4 as the model porphyrin-based drug. The experimental results show that only TM G-quadruplex structure is suitable to combine with Sgc8 for the development of drug delivery vehicle and the as-prepared T-GMV- TMPyP4 complexes display the desirable cancer therapy efficacy, holding the potential application in the future cancer therapy. More importantly, T-GMV- TMPyP4 is expected to lay the scientific groundwork for the successful development of G-quadruplex-based photosensitizer drug delivery carriers for the targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Biting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Kaixuan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hongwen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shulin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zai-Sheng Wu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Zhifa Shen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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7
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Xiao T, Zhong W, Yang W, Qi L, Gao Y, Sue ACH, Li ZY, Sun XQ, Lin C, Wang L. Reversible hydrogen-bonded polymerization regulated by allosteric metal templation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14385-14388. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A stable quadruple hydrogen bonded cyclic dimer assisted by metal templation was successfully self-assembled and its reversible transformation to supramolecular polymer was investigated.
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8
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Pathak P, Yao W, Hook KD, Vik R, Winnerdy FR, Brown JQ, Gibb BC, Pursell ZF, Phan AT, Jayawickramarajah J. Bright G-Quadruplex Nanostructures Functionalized with Porphyrin Lanterns. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12582-12591. [PMID: 31322869 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The intricate arrangement of numerous and closely placed chromophores on nanoscale scaffolds can lead to key photonic applications ranging from optical waveguides and antennas to signal-enhanced fluorescent sensors. In this regard, the self-assembly of dye-appended DNA sequences into programmed photonic architectures is promising. However, the dense packing of dyes can result in not only compromised DNA assembly (leading to ill-defined structures and precipitates) but also to essentially nonfluorescent systems (due to π-π aggregation). Here, we introduce a two-step "tether and mask" strategy wherein large porphyrin dyes are first attached to short G-quadruplex-forming sequences and then reacted with per-O-methylated β-cyclodextrin (PMβCD) caps, to form supramolecular synthons featuring the porphyrin fluor fixed into a masked porphyrin lantern (PL) state, due to intramolecular host-guest interactions in water. The PL-DNA sequences can then be self-assembled into cyclic architectures or unprecedented G-wires tethered with hundreds of porphyrin dyes. Importantly, despite the closely arrayed PL units (∼2 nm), the dyes behave as bright chromophores (up to 180-fold brighter than the analogues lacking the PMβCD masks). Since other self-assembling scaffolds, dyes, and host molecules can be used in this modular approach, this work lays out a general strategy for the bottom-up aqueous self-assembly of bright nanomaterials containing densely packed dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Pathak
- Department of Chemistry , Tulane University , 2015 Percival Stern Hall , New Orleans , Louisiana 70118 , United States
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Chemistry , Tulane University , 2015 Percival Stern Hall , New Orleans , Louisiana 70118 , United States
| | - Katherine Delaney Hook
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Tulane University , New Orleans , Louisiana 70112 , United States
| | - Ryan Vik
- Department of Chemistry , Tulane University , 2015 Percival Stern Hall , New Orleans , Louisiana 70118 , United States
| | - Fernaldo Richtia Winnerdy
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Jonathon Quincy Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tulane University , New Orleans , Louisiana 70118 , United States
| | - Bruce C Gibb
- Department of Chemistry , Tulane University , 2015 Percival Stern Hall , New Orleans , Louisiana 70118 , United States
| | - Zachary F Pursell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Tulane University , New Orleans , Louisiana 70112 , United States
| | - Anh Tuân Phan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Janarthanan Jayawickramarajah
- Department of Chemistry , Tulane University , 2015 Percival Stern Hall , New Orleans , Louisiana 70118 , United States
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9
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Zhu L, Zhou J, Xu G, Li C, Ling P, Liu B, Ju H, Lei J. DNA quadruplexes as molecular scaffolds for controlled assembly of fluorogens with aggregation-induced emission. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2559-2566. [PMID: 29732135 PMCID: PMC5911820 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00001h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) can be generated due to the restriction of intramolecular motions. The controllable assembly of fluorogens with AIE properties (AIEgens) is able to provide a new opportunity for precise manipulation of fluorescent signal transduction. Here, a tetrapod DNA quadruplex (TP-G4) was designed as a molecular scaffold for assembly and precise modulation of light emission of an oligonucleotide-grafted fluorogen with aggregation-induced emission (Oligo-AIEgen). The Oligo-AIEgen was synthesized by attaching the AIEgen to the 3'-terminus of the oligonucleotide through a dibenzylcyclooctyne mediated coupling reaction. The AIEgen emitted no detectable fluorescence in the context of a double-stranded structure. When hybridized to the parallel-stranded TP-G4, several AIEgens were located in close proximity to generate fluorescence. The fluorescence intensity has been precisely regulated by manipulation of the spacer length between the core structure of the scaffold and AIEgen, as well as by altering the quartet number of the G-quadruplex. Similar control of fluorescence was also demonstrated using tetramolecular and bimolecular i-motif quadruplex structures as the scaffolds. These scaffolds provide a proof of concept on the manipulation of molecular interactions, which forms a universal molecular tool for the design of new biosensing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China . ;
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China . ;
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China
| | - Conggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China
| | - Pinghua Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China . ;
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Science Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 , Singapore .
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China . ;
| | - Jianping Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China . ;
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10
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Abstract
![]()
DNA is well-known as bearer of the genetic code.
Since its structure
elucidation nearly seven decades ago by Watson, Crick, Wilkins, and
Franklin, much has been learned about its detailed structure, function,
and genetic coding. The development of automated solid-phase synthesis,
and with it the availability of synthetic DNA with any desired sequence
in lengths of up to hundreds of bases in the best case, has contributed
much to the advancement of the field of DNA research. In addition,
classic organic synthesis has allowed introduction of a very large
number of modifications in the DNA in a sequence specific manner,
which have initially been targeted at altering the biological function
of DNA. However, in recent years DNA has become a very attractive
scaffold in supramolecular chemistry, where DNA is taken out of its
biological role and serves as both stick and glue molecule to assemble
novel functional structures with nanometer precision. The attachment
of functionalities to DNA has led to the creation of supramolecular
systems with applications in light harvesting, energy and electron
transfer, sensing, and catalysis. Functional DNA is clearly having
a significant impact in the field of bioinspired nanosystems. Of particular interest is the use of porphyrins in supramolecular
chemistry and bionanotechnology, because they are excellent functional
groups due to their electronic properties that can be tailored through
chemical modifications of the aromatic core or through insertion of
almost any metal of the periodic table into the central cavity. The
porphyrins can be attached either to the nucleobase, to the phosphate
group, or to the ribose moiety. Additionally, noncovalent templating
through Watson–Crick base pairing forms an alternative and
attractive approach. With this, the combination of two seemingly simple
molecules gives rise to a highly complex system with unprecedented
possibilities for modulation of function, and with it applications,
particularly when combined with other functional groups. Here, an
overview is given on the developments of using porphyrin modified
DNA for the construction of functional assemblies. Strategies for
the synthesis and characterization are presented alongside selected
applications where the porphyrin modification has proven to be particularly
useful and superior to other modifiers but also has revealed its limitations.
We also discuss implications on properties and behavior of the porphyrin–DNA,
where similar issues could arise when using other hydrophobic and
bulky substituents on DNA. This includes particularly problems regarding
synthesis of the building blocks, DNA synthesis, yields, solubility,
and intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Stulz
- School of Chemistry & Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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11
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Mutsamwira S, Ainscough EW, Partridge AC, Derrick PJ, Filichev VV. G-Quadruplex Supramolecular Assemblies in Photochemical Upconversion. Chemistry 2016; 22:10376-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saymore Mutsamwira
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences; Massey University; Private Bag 11 222 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
| | - Eric W. Ainscough
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences; Massey University; Private Bag 11 222 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
| | - Ashton C. Partridge
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences; Massey University; Private Bag 11 222 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
- Department of Physics and School of Engineering; The University of Auckland; 20 Symonds Street Auckland New Zealand
| | - Peter J. Derrick
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences; Massey University; Private Bag 11 222 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
- Department of Physics and School of Engineering; The University of Auckland; 20 Symonds Street Auckland New Zealand
| | - Vyacheslav V. Filichev
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences; Massey University; Private Bag 11 222 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
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12
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Yao D, Lin Z, Wu J. Near-Infrared Fluorogenic Probes with Polarity-Sensitive Emission for in Vivo Imaging of an Ovarian Cancer Biomarker. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:5847-5856. [PMID: 26910257 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, cutoff values ≥ 1.5 μM) is an effective biomarker for early stage ovarian cancer. The development of selective probes for LPA detection is therefore critical for early clinical diagnosis. Although current methods have been developed for the detection of LPA in solution, they cannot be used for tracking LPA in vivo. Here, we report a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe that can selectively respond to LPA based on polarity-sensitive emission at a very low detection limit of 0.5 μM in situ. This probe exhibits a marked increase of fluorescence at 720 nm upon binding to LPA, allowing the direct visualization of LPA in vitro and in vivo without interference from other biomolecules. Moreover, the probe containing two arginine-glycine-aspartic acid units can be efficiently taken up by cancer cells based on an αvβ3 integrin receptor targeting mechanism. It also exhibits excellent biocompatibility and high pH stability in live cells and in vivo. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometric imaging of SKOV-3 cells have confirmed that our probe can be used to image LPA in live cells. In particular, its NIR turn-on fluorescence can be used to effectively monitor LPA imaging in a SKOV-3 tumor-bearing mouse model. Our probe may pave the way for the detection of cancer-related biomarkers and even for early stage cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defan Yao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junchen Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
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13
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Sun N, Xiao X, Liu C, Chen C, Jiang J. An unprecedented porphyrin-pillar[5]arene hybrid ditopic receptor. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05913e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A porphyrin-pillar[5]arene hybrid host compound with a ditopic receptor nature was synthesized for the first time, which combines a neutral 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl)butane guest by means of its two active centers to form a stable supramolecular complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- China
| | - Chao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- China
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14
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Doluca O, Withers JM, Loo TS, Edwards PJB, González C, Filichev VV. Interdependence of pyrene interactions and tetramolecular G4-DNA assembly. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3742-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02499k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Our results demonstrate the expanded capabilities of G-quadruplex DNAs for directed chromophore arrangements and show new perspectives in the design of G-quadruplexes governed by non-guanine moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Doluca
- College of Sciences
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- 4442 Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | - Jamie M. Withers
- College of Sciences
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- 4442 Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | - Trevor S. Loo
- College of Sciences
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- 4442 Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | - Patrick J. B. Edwards
- College of Sciences
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- 4442 Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | | | - Vyacheslav V. Filichev
- College of Sciences
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- 4442 Palmerston North
- New Zealand
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15
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DNA duplex as a scaffold for a ground state complex formation between a zinc cationic porphyrin and phenylethynylpyren-1-yl. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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16
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Ramsay WJ, Nitschke JR. Two Distinct Allosteric Active Sites Regulate Guest Binding Within a Fe8Mo1216+ Cubic Receptor. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7038-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ja501809s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William J. Ramsay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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17
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Romanucci V, Milardi D, Campagna T, Gaglione M, Messere A, D'Urso A, Crisafi E, La Rosa C, Zarrelli A, Balzarini J, Di Fabio G. Synthesis, biophysical characterization and anti-HIV activity of d(TG3AG) Quadruplexes bearing hydrophobic tails at the 5'-end. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:960-6. [PMID: 24433967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Novel conjugated G-quadruplex-forming d(TG3AG) oligonucleotides, linked to hydrophobic groups through phosphodiester bonds at 5'-end, have been synthesized as potential anti-HIV aptamers, via a fully automated, online phosphoramidite-based solid-phase strategy. Conjugated quadruplexes showed pronounced anti-HIV activity with some preference for HIV-1, with inhibitory activity invariably in the low micromolar range. The CD and DSC monitored thermal denaturation studies on the resulting quadruplexes, indicated the insertion of lipophilic residue at the 5'-end, conferring always improved stability to the quadruplex complex (20<ΔTm<40°C). The data suggest no direct functional relationship between the thermal stability and anti-HIV activity of the folded conjugated G-quartets. It would appear that the nature of the residue at 5' end of the d(TG3AG) quadruplexes plays an important role in the thermodynamic stabilization but a minor influence on the anti-HIV activity. Moreover, a detailed CD and DSC analyses indicate a monophasic behaviour for sequences I and V, while for ODNs (II-IV) clearly show that these quadruplex structures deviate from simple two-state melting, supporting the hypothesis that intermediate states along the dissociation pathway may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Romanucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Danilo Milardi
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-Catania, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Tiziana Campagna
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-Catania, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Gaglione
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università̀ di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Anna Messere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università̀ di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Urso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuela Crisafi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Di Fabio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
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18
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Kim KT, Kim BH. A fluorescent probe for the 3'-overhang of telomeric DNA based on competition between two interstrand G-quadruplexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1717-9. [PMID: 23344213 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc37504h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A 6-mer oligonucleotide containing a fluorescent (Bod)U moiety has been used as a novel fluorescent probe for the 3'-overhang of telomeric DNA based on competition between non-fluorescent tetramolecular and fluorescent (3+1) intermolecular G-quadruplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, BK School of Molecular Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
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19
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20
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Doluca O, Withers JM, Filichev VV. Molecular engineering of guanine-rich sequences: Z-DNA, DNA triplexes, and G-quadruplexes. Chem Rev 2013; 113:3044-83. [PMID: 23391174 DOI: 10.1021/cr300225q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Osman Doluca
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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21
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Gómez-Pinto I, Vengut-Climent E, Lucas R, Aviñó A, Eritja R, González C, Morales JC. Carbohydrate-DNA interactions at G-quadruplexes: folding and stability changes by attaching sugars at the 5'-end. Chemistry 2013; 19:1920-7. [PMID: 23315826 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Quadruplex DNA structures are attracting an enormous interest in many areas of chemistry, ranging from chemical biology, supramolecular chemistry to nanoscience. We have prepared carbohydrate-DNA conjugates containing the oligonucleotide sequences of G-quadruplexes (thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) and human telomere (TEL)), measured their thermal stability and studied their structure in solution by using NMR and molecular dynamics. The solution structure of a fucose-TBA conjugate shows stacking interactions between the carbohydrate and the DNA G-tetrad in addition to hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic contacts. We have also shown that attaching carbohydrates at the 5'-end of a quadruplex telomeric sequence can alter its folding topology. These results suggest the possibility of modulating the folding of the G-quadruplex by linking carbohydrates and have clear implications in molecular recognition and the design of new G-quadruplex ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gómez-Pinto
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Vinodh M, Alipour FH, Mohamod AA, Al-Azemi TF. Molecular assemblies of porphyrins and macrocyclic receptors: recent developments in their synthesis and applications. Molecules 2012; 17:11763-99. [PMID: 23047480 PMCID: PMC6268645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171011763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalloporphyrins which form the core of many bioenzymes and natural light harvesting or electron transport systems, exhibit a variety of selective functional properties depending on the state and surroundings with which they exist in biological systems. The specificity and ease with which they function in each of their bio-functions appear to be largely governed by the nature and disposition of the protein globule around the porphyrin reaction center. Synthetic porphyrin frameworks confined within or around a pre-organized molecular entity like the protein network in natural systems have attracted considerable attraction, especially in the field of biomimetic reactions. At the same time a large number of macrocyclic oligomers such as calixarenes, resorcinarenes, spherands, cyclodextrins and crown ethers have been investigated in detail as efficient molecular receptors. These molecular receptors are synthetic host molecules with enclosed interiors, which are designed three dimensionally to ensure strong and precise molecular encapsulation/recognition. Due to their complex structures, enclosed guest molecules reside in an environment isolated from the outside and as a consequence, physical properties and chemical reactions specific to that environment in these guest species can be identified. The facile incorporation of such molecular receptors into the highly photoactive and catalytically efficient porphyrin framework allows for convenient design of useful molecular systems with unique structural and functional properties. Such systems have provided over the years attractive model systems for the study of various biological and chemical processes, and the design of new materials and molecular devices. This review focuses on the recent developments in the synthesis of porphyrin assemblies associated with cyclodextrins, calixarenes and resorcinarenes and their potential applications in the fields of molecular encapsulation/recognition, and chemical catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Talal F. Al-Azemi
- Chemistry Department, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
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23
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Franceschin M, Borbone N, Oliviero G, Casagrande V, Scuotto M, Coppola T, Borioni S, Mayol L, Ortaggi G, Bianco A, Amato J, Varra M. Synthesis of a dibromoperylene phosphoramidite building block and its incorporation at the 5' end of a G-quadruplex forming oligonucleotide: spectroscopic properties and structural studies of the resulting dibromoperylene conjugate. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:1309-19. [PMID: 21688831 DOI: 10.1021/bc100526q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that some perylene bisimide derivatives can drive the assembly of DNA G-quadruplexes, thus suggesting the possible advantage in the adoption of perylene-conjugated G-rich oligonucleotides in biological and biotechnological applications. Nevertheless, the typical poor solubility of perylene bisimides strongly limits the number of suitable chemical strategies to prepare perylene-conjugated oligonucleotides. In order to overcome these difficulties, we employed the earlier described core twisted perylene derivatives possessing unique optical and electronic properties, besides good solubility in common solvents. As a first result, the large-scale synthesis of a new dibromoperylene derivative (PEOEBr) phosphoramidite building block is herein reported. Furthermore, the structural behavior of the conjugated PEOEBr-GGGTTAGGG (HTRp2) human telomeric repeat was investigated by using CD, UV, fluorescence, and gel electrophoresis techniques in desalted water and in K(+)- and Na(+)-containing buffers. We observed that the peculiar property of PEOEBr moieties to form dimers instead of extended aggregates drives the HTRp2 strands toward dimerization and mainly promotes the formation of quadruplex species having both the 5'-ends located at the same side of the structures. However, the counterions present in solutions (K(+) or Na(+)) as well as the strand concentration, also contribute to influence the topology and the stoichiometry of formed structures. Furthermore, unlike the unmodified sequence GGGTTAGGG (HTR2), HTRp2 strands quickly associate into G-quadruplexes even in desalted water, as assessed by CD experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Franceschin
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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24
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Saha S, Cai J, Eiler D, Hamilton AD. Programing the formation of DNA and PNA quadruplexes by pi-pi-stacking interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:1685-7. [PMID: 20177616 PMCID: PMC3186060 DOI: 10.1039/b915955j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Guanine (G) rich G(4)T(4)G(4) DNA and homologous PNA strands tend to form antiparallel dimeric quadruplexes. In contrast, the same DNA strands carrying planar aromatic 5'-residues preferentially form parallel DNA quadruplex. Conformation and composition of the DNA quadruplexes can be programed by pi-pi-stacking interaction exerted by the 5'-residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA. Fax: (+1) 203-432-3221; Tel: (+1) 203-432-5570;
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA. Fax: (+1) 203-432-3221; Tel: (+1) 203-432-5570;
| | - Daniel Eiler
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA. Fax: (+1) 203-432-3221; Tel: (+1) 203-432-5570;
| | - Andrew D. Hamilton
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA. Fax: (+1) 203-432-3221; Tel: (+1) 203-432-5570;
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25
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Masson E, Lu X, Ling X, Patchell DL. Kinetic vs Thermodynamic Self-Sorting of Cucurbit[6]uril, Cucurbit[7]uril, and a Spermine Derivative. Org Lett 2009; 11:3798-801. [DOI: 10.1021/ol901237p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Masson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
| | - Xiaoyong Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
| | - Xiaoxi Ling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
| | - Devin L. Patchell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
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26
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Cai J, Shapiro EM, Hamilton AD. Self-assembling DNA quadruplex conjugated to MRI contrast agents. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:205-8. [PMID: 19125646 DOI: 10.1021/bc8004182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the preparation and magnetic resonance (MR) characterization of new MRI contrast agents based on gadolinium complexes conjugated to a self-assembling DNA quadruplex scaffold. As a single gadolinium-DOTA chelated DNA strand, the r(1) molar relaxivity is 6.4 mM(-1) s(-1) per Gd and increases to 11.7 mM(-1) s(-1) per Gd upon formation of a DNA quadruplex. Similar results were obtained when a gadolinium-DOTA dendrimer was conjugated to DNA, with the r(1) molar relaxivity increasing to 12.9 mM(-1) s(-1) per Gd upon the formation of DNA quadruplex, compared to that of 6.0 mM(-1) s(-1) for a single strand of gadolinium-DOTA dendrimer chelate. This yields an r(1) molar relaxivity of 154.8 and 46.8 mM(-1) s(-1) per DNA quadruplex based on DOTA dendrimer or monomer, respectively. Importantly, the DNA quadruplex scaffold is approximately 2.5 nm(3) in size, potentially enabling this type of contrast agent to be used for targeted delivery in vivo to detect specific cells or tissues, even behind intact blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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27
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Margulies D, Hamilton A. Protein Recognition by an Ensemble of Fluorescent DNA G-Quadruplexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200804887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Margulies D, Hamilton A. Protein Recognition by an Ensemble of Fluorescent DNA G-Quadruplexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:1771-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200804887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Brotherhood P, Luck I, Blake I, Jensen P, Turner P, Crossley M. Regioselective Reactivity of an Asymmetric Tetravalent Di[dihydroxotin(IV)] Bis-Porphyrin Host Driven by Hydrogen-Bond Templation. Chemistry 2008; 14:10967-77. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Cai J, Rosenzweig B, Hamilton A. Inhibition of Chymotrypsin by a Self-Assembled DNA Quadruplex Functionalized with Cyclic Peptide Binding Fragments. Chemistry 2008; 15:328-32. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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31
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