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Yanai H, Kawazoe T, Ishii N, Witulski B, Matsumoto T. Regioselective Synthesis of 4-Aryl-1,3-dihydroxy-2-naphthoates through 1,2-Aryl-Migrative Ring Rearrangement Reaction and their Photoluminescence Properties. Chemistry 2021; 27:11442-11449. [PMID: 34018653 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
4-Aryl-1,3-dihydroxy-2-naphthoates having the less accessible 1,2,3,4-tetrasubstituted naphthalene scaffold and that show photoluminescence emission from solid state as well as in solutions, were selectively synthesized from brominated lactol silyl ethers through the 1,2-aryl-migrative ring rearrangement reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Yanai
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Teru Kawazoe
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ishii
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Bernhard Witulski
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-organique, CNRS UMR 6507, ENSICAEN & UNICaen, Normandie Univ., 6 Bvd Maréchal Juin, Caen, 14050, France
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
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2
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Hüttel W, Müller M. Regio- and stereoselective intermolecular phenol coupling enzymes in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:1011-1043. [PMID: 33196733 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00010h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2005 to 2020Phenol coupling is a key reaction in the biosynthesis of important biopolymers such as lignin and melanin and of a plethora of biarylic secondary metabolites. The reaction usually leads to several different regioisomeric products due to the delocalization of a radical in the reaction intermediates. If axial chirality is involved, stereoisomeric products are obtained provided no external factor influences the selectivity. Hence, in non-enzymatic organic synthesis it is notoriously difficult to control the selectivity of the reaction, in particular if the coupling is intermolecular. From biosynthesis, it is known that especially fungi, plants, and bacteria produce biarylic compounds regio- and stereoselectively. Nonetheless, the involved enzymes long evaded discovery. First progress was made in the late 1990s; however, the breakthrough came only with the genomic era and, in particular, in the last few years the number of relevant publications has dramatically increased. The discoveries reviewed in this article reveal a remarkable diversity of enzymes that catalyze oxidative intermolecular phenol coupling, including various classes of laccases, cytochrome P450 enzymes, and heme peroxidases. Particularly in the case of laccases, the catalytic systems are often complex and additional proteins, substrates, or reaction conditions have a strong influence on activity and regio- and atroposelectivity. Although the field of (selective) enzymatic phenol coupling is still in its infancy, the diversity of enzymes identified recently could make it easier to select suitable candidates for biotechnological development and to approach this challenging reaction through biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Hüttel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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3
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Hubbell AK, LaPointe AM, Lamb JR, Coates GW. Regioselective Carbonylation of 2,2-Disubstituted Epoxides: An Alternative Route to Ketone-Based Aldol Products. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2474-2480. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aran K. Hubbell
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Anne M. LaPointe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Jessica R. Lamb
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Geoffrey W. Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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4
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Wu X, Iwata T, Scharf A, Qin T, Reichl KD, Porco JA. Asymmetric Synthesis of Gonytolide A: Strategic Use of an Aryl Halide Blocking Group for Oxidative Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5969-5975. [PMID: 29658717 PMCID: PMC5943148 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The first synthesis of the chromanone lactone dimer gonytolide A has been achieved employing vanadium(V)-mediated oxidative coupling of the monomer gonytolide C. An o-bromine blocking group strategy was employed to favor para- para coupling and to enable kinetic resolution of (±)-gonytolide C. Asymmetric conjugate reduction enabled practical kinetic resolution of a chiral, racemic precursor and the asymmetric synthesis of (+)-gonytolide A and its atropisomer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam Scharf
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD),
Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD),
Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Kyle D. Reichl
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD),
Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD),
Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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5
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Abstract
Since many synthetic targets in organic chemistry are larger, more functionalized, and more oxidized than the starting inputs used, methods that unite fragments with an increase in oxidation state possess inherent efficiencies. Thus, the potential for complexity building transforms by union of activated or unactivated C-H, N-H, or O-H centers is considerable, and the challenge lies in how to obtain selective reactions from any two of these centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa C. Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry,
Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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6
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Abstract
Transition metal-mediated C-H bond activation and functionalization represent one of the most straightforward and powerful tools in modern organic synthetic chemistry. Bi(hetero)aryls are privileged π-conjugated structural cores in biologically active molecules, organic functional materials, ligands, and organic synthetic intermediates. The oxidative C-H/C-H coupling reactions between two (hetero)arenes through 2-fold C-H activation offer a valuable opportunity for rapid assembly of diverse bi(hetero)aryls and further exploitation of their applications in pharmaceutical and material sciences. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals and applications of transition metal-mediated/catalyzed oxidative C-H/C-H coupling reactions between two (hetero)arenes. The substrate scope, limitation, reaction mechanism, regioselectivity, and chemoselectivity, as well as related control strategies of these reactions are discussed. Additionally, the applications of these established methods in the synthesis of natural products and exploitation of new organic functional materials are exemplified. In the last section, a short introduction on oxidant- or Lewis acid-mediated oxidative Ar-H/Ar-H coupling reactions is presented, considering that it is a very powerful method for the construction of biaryl units and polycylic arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jingbo Lan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
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7
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Loxq P, Manoury E, Poli R, Deydier E, Labande A. Synthesis of axially chiral biaryl compounds by asymmetric catalytic reactions with transition metals. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Kim JH, Lee S, Kim S. Biomimetic Total Synthesis of (−)-Penibruguieramine A Using Memory of Chirality and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10875-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Kim JH, Lee S, Kim S. Biomimetic Total Synthesis of (−)-Penibruguieramine A Using Memory of Chirality and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Abstract
The total synthesis of both oridamycin A and oridamycin B was accomplished starting from a common synthetic intermediate readily prepared from geranyl acetate. The sequence utilizes an oxidative radical cyclization to construct the trans-decalin ring system, setting three of four contiguous stereocenters in one operation. The carbazole nucleus was forged through a one-pot process entailing acid-promoted dehydration followed by 6π-electrocyclization/aromatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Trotta
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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11
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Prause F, Arensmeyer B, Fröhlich B, Breuning M. In-depth structure–selectivity investigations on asymmetric, copper-catalyzed oxidative biaryl coupling in the presence of 5-cis-substituted prolinamines. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy01676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper complexes of 5-cis-substituted prolinamines provided up to 87% ee in the enantioselective oxidative biaryl coupling of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Prause
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Bayreuth
- 95447 Bayreuth
- Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Fröhlich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Matthias Breuning
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Bayreuth
- 95447 Bayreuth
- Germany
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12
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Wezeman T, Masters KS, Bräse S. Doppelt genäht hält besser - die Kunst der Synthese chiraler dimerer Naturstoffe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Wezeman T, Masters KS, Bräse S. Double trouble--the art of synthesis of chiral dimeric natural products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4524-6. [PMID: 24700517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Double or nothing! Recently the total synthesis of secalonic acids A and D was reported. This work and other natural product syntheses with a dimerization step as a common feature are featured in this Highlight. The significant biological activity of the secalonic acids and the fact that their synthesis has fascinated synthetic chemists for the past forty years make this work a milestone in natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wezeman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany)
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14
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Abstract
Important biomimetic steps in natural product synthesis have been promoted by transition metals, as exemplified by this beautiful ruthenium-catalyzed rearrangement of an endoperoxide into elysiapyrone A. Such reactions are supposed to occur during the biosynthesis, yet under different catalysis conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Wen Li
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Unité “Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes” (UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN)
- 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bastien Nay
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Unité “Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes” (UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN)
- 75005 Paris, France
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15
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Allen SE, Walvoord RR, Padilla-Salinas R, Kozlowski MC. Aerobic copper-catalyzed organic reactions. Chem Rev 2013; 113:6234-458. [PMID: 23786461 PMCID: PMC3818381 DOI: 10.1021/cr300527g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1228] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott E. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ryan R. Walvoord
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Rosaura Padilla-Salinas
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Marisa C. Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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16
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17
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Dickstein JS, Curto JM, Gutierrez O, Mulrooney CA, Kozlowski MC. Mild aromatic palladium-catalyzed protodecarboxylation: kinetic assessment of the decarboxylative palladation and the protodepalladation steps. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4744-61. [PMID: 23590518 DOI: 10.1021/jo400222c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanism studies of a mild palladium-catalyzed decarboxylation of aromatic carboxylic acids are described. In particular, reaction orders and activation parameters for the two stages of the transformation were determined. These studies guided development of a catalytic system capable of turnover. Further evidence reinforces that the second stage, protonation of the arylpalladium intermediate, is the rate-determining step of the reaction. The first step, decarboxylative palladation, is proposed to occur through an intramolecular electrophilic palladation pathway, which is supported by computational and mechanism studies. In contrast to the reverse reaction (C-H insertion), the data support an electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism involving a stepwise intramolecular protonation sequence for the protodepalladation portion of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Dickstein
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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18
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Mulrooey CA, O'Brien EM, Morgan BJ, Kozlowski MC. Perylenequinones: Isolation, Synthesis, and Biological Activity. European J Org Chem 2012; 2012:3887-3904. [PMID: 24039544 PMCID: PMC3770481 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The perylenequinones are a novel class of natural products characterized by pentacyclic conjugated chromophore giving rise to photoactivity. Potentially useful light-activated biological activity, targeting protein kinase C (PKC), has been identified for several of the natural products. Recently discovered new members of this class of compound, as well as several related phenanthroperylenequinones, are reviewed. Natural product modifications that improve biological profiles, and avenues for the total synthesis of analogs, which are not available from the natural product series, are outlined. An overview of structure/function relationships is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Mulrooey
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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19
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Podlesny EE, Kozlowski MC. Structural reassignment of a marine metabolite from a binaphthalenetetrol to a tetrabrominated diphenyl ether. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:1125-9. [PMID: 22690692 PMCID: PMC3399761 DOI: 10.1021/np300141t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The structure of a reported natural product isolate has been revised from (S)-2,2'-dimethoxy-[1,1'-binaphthalene]-5,5',6,6'-tetraol to a known tetrabrominated diphenyl ether. After total synthesis of the reported binaphthalenetetrol was accomplished via a key reduction of a binaphtho-ortho-quinone, comparison of the physical properties and NMR spectroscopic data of the synthetic material indicated that the structure of the natural product isolate was incorrect. Evaluation of the authentic natural product suggested the structure is a tetrabrominated diphenyl ether, likely 3,5-dibromo-2-(3,5-dibromo-2-methoxyphenoxy)phenol.
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20
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Podlesny EE, Kozlowski MC. Enantioselective total synthesis of (S)-bisoranjidiol, an axially chiral bisanthraquinone. Org Lett 2012; 14:1408-11. [PMID: 22360604 DOI: 10.1021/ol3001365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective total synthesis of the bisanthraquinone (S)-bisoranjidiol and an unnatural regioisomer has been accomplished. Key features of the synthesis include the asymmetric oxidative biaryl coupling of a hindered 8-substituted 2-naphthol, selective para-quinone formation, and regioselective tandem Diels-Alder/aromatization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Podlesny
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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21
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Seo S, Taylor JB, Greaney MF. Protodecarboxylation of benzoic acids under radical conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8270-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc33306f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Nanoparticle catalysis has emerged as an active topic in organic synthesis. Of particular interest is the development of enabling methodologies to efficiently assemble complex molecules using nanoparticle catalysis. This Viewpoint highlights recent developments and discusses future perspectives in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cong
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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23
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Ghosn MW, Wolf C. Synthesis, Conformational Stability, and Asymmetric Transformation of Atropisomeric 1,8-Bisphenolnaphthalenes. J Org Chem 2011; 76:3888-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200309g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwan W. Ghosn
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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24
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Silva, Jr. LF, Olofsson B. Hypervalent iodine reagents in the total synthesis of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:1722-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c1np00028d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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25
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Bringmann G, Gulder T, Gulder TAM, Breuning M. Atroposelective Total Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryl Natural Products. Chem Rev 2010; 111:563-639. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100155e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 909] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Gulder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias A. M. Gulder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Breuning
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Mulrooney CA, Morgan BJ, Li X, Kozlowski MC. Perylenequinone natural products: enantioselective synthesis of the oxidized pentacyclic core. J Org Chem 2010; 75:16-29. [PMID: 19894746 DOI: 10.1021/jo9013832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective approach to the perylenequinone core found in the mold perylenequinone natural products is outlined. Specifically, the first asymmetric syntheses of helical chiral perylenequinones absent any additional stereogenic centers are described. Key elements of the synthetic venture include a catalytic enantioselective biaryl coupling, a PIFA-induced naphthalene hydroxylation, and a palladium-mediated aromatic decarboxylation. Transfer of the binaphthalene axial stereochemistry to the perylenequinone helical stereochemistry proceeded with good fidelity. Furthermore, the resultant perylenequinones were shown to possess sufficient atropisomeric stability to be viable intermediates in the biogenesis of the perylenequinone natural products. This stability supports the use of the helical axis as a stereochemical relay in synthesis of the natural products containing additional stereochemical centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Mulrooney
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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28
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O'Brien EM, Morgan BJ, Mulrooney CA, Carroll PJ, Kozlowski MC. Perylenequinone natural products: total synthesis of hypocrellin A. J Org Chem 2010; 75:57-68. [PMID: 19894741 DOI: 10.1021/jo901386d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and stereoselective total synthesis of the perylenequinone natural product hypocrellin A (1) is described. The key features include a potentially biomimetic 1,8-diketone aldol cyclization to set the centrochiral C7,C7'-stereochemistry, bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene mediated oxygenation, a palladium-catalyzed decarboxylation, and an enantioselective catalytic oxidative 2-naphthol coupling to establish the biaryl axial chirality. The helical stereochemistry is formed from an axial chiral intermediate and is then utilized in a dynamic stereochemical transfer to dictate the stereochemistry of the C7,C7'-seven membered ring formed during the aldol cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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29
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O'Brien EM, Li J, Carroll PJ, Kozlowski MC. Synthesis of the cores of hypocrellin and shiraiachrome: diastereoselective 1,8-diketone aldol cyclization. J Org Chem 2010; 75:69-73. [PMID: 19894740 DOI: 10.1021/jo9018914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular 1,8-diketone aldol reactions were studied as a tool for the construction of the seven-membered rings of hypocrellin and shiraiachrome. Conditions were identified to obtain the relative stereochemistries present in the two natural products with excellent diastereoselectivity. In addition, a nine-membered ring congener, which has yet to be observed in nature, formed with high selectivity when a hindered amine was used in conjunction with silazide bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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30
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Morgan BJ, Mulrooney CA, Kozlowski MC. Perylenequinone natural products: evolution of the total synthesis of cercosporin. J Org Chem 2010; 75:44-56. [PMID: 19894744 DOI: 10.1021/jo9013854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the first total synthesis of perylenequinone cercosporin is described. The key features developed during these efforts include a biscuprate epoxide alkylation, installation of the methylidene acetal, palladium-catalyzed O-arylation, and C3,C3'-decarbonylation. Due to the rapid atropisomerization of the helical axis of cercosporin (at 37 degrees C), the sequencing of these transformations was critical. To this end, the developed protocol enabled the formation of a key advanced intermediate on preparative scale absent any atropisomerization. Furthermore, the O-arylation proved to be general, and the strategy was used in an improved synthesis of a helical chiral perylenequinone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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Morgan BJ, Mulrooney CA, O’Brien EM, Kozlowski MC. Perylenequinone natural products: total syntheses of the diastereomers (+)-phleichrome and (+)-calphostin D by assembly of centrochiral and axial chiral fragments. J Org Chem 2010; 75:30-43. [PMID: 19894745 PMCID: PMC2798900 DOI: 10.1021/jo901384h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of (+)-calphostin D and the total synthesis of (+)-phleichrome are outlined. The convergent syntheses utilize an enantiopure biaryl common intermediate, which is formed via an enantioselective catalytic biaryl coupling. The established axial chirality is transferred to the perylenequinone helical stereochemistry with good fidelity. Additionally, efforts focused on the installation of the stereogenic C7,C7'-2-hydroxypropyl groups. Three routes were evaluated to establish the C7,C7'-stereochemistry, in which the successful route involved a double epoxide alkylation with a complex axial chiral biscuprate. This strategy not only allowed the synthesis of the unnatural isomers of calphostin D and phleichrome for assessment in biological systems but also provided valuable information for the syntheses of the more complex cercosporin and hypocrellin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J. Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Carol A. Mulrooney
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Erin M. O’Brien
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Marisa C. Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
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Dohi T, Ito M, Yamaoka N, Morimoto K, Fujioka H, Kita Y. Hypervalent iodine(III): selective and efficient single-electron-transfer (SET) oxidizing agent. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lu P, Sanchez C, Cornella J, Larrosa I. Silver-Catalyzed Protodecarboxylation of Heteroaromatic Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2009; 11:5710-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol902482p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Lu
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Joseph Priestley Building, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, U.K
| | - Carolina Sanchez
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Joseph Priestley Building, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, U.K
| | - Josep Cornella
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Joseph Priestley Building, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, U.K
| | - Igor Larrosa
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Joseph Priestley Building, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, U.K
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Cornella J, Sanchez C, Banawa D, Larrosa I. Silver-catalysed protodecarboxylation of ortho-substituted benzoic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:7176-8. [PMID: 19921021 DOI: 10.1039/b916646g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic amounts of Ag(I) salts in DMSO have been found to promote the protodecarboxylation of a wide variety of ortho-substituted benzoic acids under mild conditions and in excellent yields, highlighting a possible role for silver in decarboxylative cross-couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Cornella
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Joseph Priestley Building, Mile End Road, London, UK E1 4NS
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Morgan BJ, Dey S, Johnson SW, Kozlowski MC. Design, synthesis, and investigation of protein kinase C inhibitors: total syntheses of (+)-calphostin D, (+)-phleichrome, cercosporin, and new photoactive perylenequinones. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:9413-25. [PMID: 19489582 DOI: 10.1021/ja902324j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The total syntheses of the PKC inhibitors (+)-calphostin D, (+)-phleichrome, cercosporin, and 10 novel perylenequinones are detailed. The highly convergent and flexible strategy developed employed an enantioselective oxidative biaryl coupling and a double cuprate epoxide opening, allowing the selective syntheses of all the possible stereoisomers in pure form. In addition, this strategy permitted rapid access to a broad range of analogues, including those not accessible from the natural products. These compounds provided a powerful means for evaluation of the perylenequinone structural features necessary to PKC activity. Simpler analogues were discovered with superior PKC inhibitory properties and superior photopotentiation in cancer cell lines relative to the more complex natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Kozlowski MC, Morgan BJ, Linton EC. Total synthesis of chiral biaryl natural products by asymmetric biaryl coupling. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:3193-207. [PMID: 19847351 DOI: 10.1039/b821092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 654] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review highlights the use of catalytic asymmetric 2-naphthol couplings in total synthesis. The types of chirality, chiral biaryl natural products, prior approaches to chiral biaryl natural products, and other catalytic asymmetric biaryl couplings are outlined. The three main categories of chiral catalysts for 2-naphthol coupling (Cu, V, Fe) are described with discussion of their limitations and advantages. Applications of the copper catalyzed couplings in biomimetic syntheses are discussed including nigerone, hypocrellin, calphostin D, phleichrome, and cercosporin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa C Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratoies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA.
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Vital P, Hosseini M, Shanmugham MS, Gotfredsen CH, Harris P, Tanner D. Polycyclic alkaloids via transannular Mannich reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1888-90. [DOI: 10.1039/b822955d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang Y, Xie J, Zhang L, Li C, Chen H, Gu Y, Zhao J. A novel elsinochrome A derivative: a study of drug delivery and photodynamic activity. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:1676-82. [DOI: 10.1039/b9pp00046a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Liang YH, Yi PG, Peng HL. Theoretical study of structure, energetic and intramolecular hydrogen transfer of hypocrellin A. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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