1
|
Liu J, Wang Y, Qiu N, Liu X, Li Q, Li Y, Wu XY, Li C. Aromatic Ring-Fused Dipyrrins: Programmed [4 + 2]-Cycloaddition Pathway with Regio-selectivity upon Alkylamino-Substitution. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38055052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfolenodipyrrins are employed as building blocks to concisely and efficiently construct aromatic rings (e.g., naphthoquinone, anthraquinone, fullerenes, and phthalimide) from fused dipyrrins by programmed [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions. Notably, alkylamino-substitution at the α-position not only enhances the reactivity of sulfolenodipyrrins but also results in the regio-selectivity of the cycloaddition reactions. Theoretical calculations in terms of frontier orbitals of dienes, energy of dienes, steric hindrance, and aromaticity have been conducted to understand the reason in depth. Additionally, the fusion of aromatic groups enables bathochromic absorption with up to ∼130 nm for the monoadducts and to ∼200 nm for the bis-adducts. The phthalimide annulation dipyrrin displays red emission, while the other mono- or bis-adducts do not, owing to the presence of typical acceptors such as quinone analogs or fullerene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ning Qiu
- Shanghai Starriver Bilingual School, No. 2588, Jindu Road, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Xiujun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Function Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xin-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moss A, Nevonen DE, Hu Y, Nesterov VN, Nemykin VN, Wang H. Unsymmetric Pentacene- and Pentacenequinone-Fused Porphyrins: Understanding the Effect of Cross- and Linear-Conjugation. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2022; 2:468-481. [PMID: 36855607 PMCID: PMC9955193 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Unsymmetric pentacenequinone-fused (cross-conjugated) and pentacene-fused (linear-conjugated) porphyrins were designed and synthesized. The cross-conjugated (AM 1 -AM 3 ) and linear-conjugated (AM 5 -AM 7 ) porphyrins displayed strikingly different sets of optical and electronic properties, both of which are unusual and nontypical of porphyrins. MCD, DFT, and TDDFT calculations suggest that multiple charge transfer states exist in both π-conjugated systems, which contributes to the complex absorption and MCD spectra of these molecular systems. The general Gouterman's four-orbital model used to explain porphyrin spectroscopy led to contradicting theoretical and experimental data, and is thus not applicable for these molecular systems. The "2 + 4" and "3 + 3" active spaces have been deduced and have proven effective to interpret the absorption and MCD spectra of the pentacenequinone-fused (cross-conjugated) and pentacene-fused (linear-conjugated) porphyrins, respectively. Spectroelectrochemistry of AM 5 -AM 7 revealed broad and intense IR absorptions in the range of 1500-2500 nm, illustrating the exceptional ability of these pentacene-fused systems to accommodate positive charges. A pronounced metal effect was observed for pentacene-fused porphyrins. While pentacene-fused Ni(II) porphyrin (AM6 ) demonstrated an abnormal ability to stabilize pentacene with a half-life of >28.3 days, the half-life of the free base and Zn(II) counterparts were normal, similar to those of pentacene analogues. This work provides important and useful information on guiding new material designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austen Moss
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Dustin E. Nevonen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Yi Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Vladimir N. Nesterov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada,Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 552 Buehler Hall, 1420 Circle Dr., Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States,
| | - Hong Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cao G, Baryshnikov G, Chen C, Chen L, Zhao T, Fu S, Jiang Z, Liu X, Li Q, Xie Y, Li C. Porphyrindiene-Based Tandem Diels-Alder Reaction for Preparing Low-Symmetry π-Extended Porphyrins with Push-Pull Skeletons. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9001-9010. [PMID: 35748309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tandem Diels-Alder reactions of masked porphyrindienes (i.e., sulfolenoporphyrins) with benzoquinones and stilbenes, followed by aromatization, have been developed to load porphyrin with mixed annulation units (i.e., terphenyl and naphthoquinone), furnishing the low-symmetry π-extended porphyrins (DxAy) with push-pull skeletons. All low-symmetrical chromophores display panchromatic absorption spectra, which look like a spectral combination of symmetrical congeners (D4/A4) in a certain ratio. Among them, tD2A2 with trans-arrangement of push/pull units possesses the largest maximum centered at 766 nm with the onset around 900 nm. The fusion of the electron-deficient naphthoquinone moiety on the porphyrin core results in the approximately quantitative regulation of the Eox1 and HOMOs (i.e., 0.10-0.13 V increase for the Eox1 and 0.14-0.16 eV decrease for the HOMOs per naphthoquinone unit). In brief, this work provides a new way to construct low-symmetry π-extended porphyrins with tunable properties resorting to the ratios and locations of the annulated push-pull units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanyue Cao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tengjiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shuyi Fu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenhui Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiujun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xue R, Zhou Y, Lin Q, Zhang L, Li C, Chen Y, Xie Y, Liu X. Loading Phlorins with Fullerenes by a [4 + 2]-Cycloaddition Reaction: Regulation of the Regioselectivity by Pyrrole Linkage Modes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2758-2766. [PMID: 35166524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfolenopyrrole-based normal and N-confused phlorins have been constructed to address the seldom touched phlorin functionalization and simultaneously explore the effect of the pyrrole linkage modes (αα, αβ) on the [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. The common sulfolenophlorin 1 contains two sulfolenopyrroles with the same reactivity upon tautomerization and undergoes stepwise [4 + 2]-cycloaddition with fullerene to furnish monoadduct 1-C60 and bisadduct 1-2C60 with a total yield up to 76%. By contrast, the presence of the confused pyrrole in 2 fixes the π-system owing to the low tendency to tautomerize and enables the two sulfolenopyrroles to exhibit in different fashions (i.e., normal NH-type and imino-type). Notably, under milder conditions (120 °C), the monofullerenoadduct 2-C60 forms rapidly and has been isolated from the [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of 2 and fullerene as the predominant fraction, accompanied by a trace amount of bisadduct 2-2C60. Raising the temperature to 140 °C did not improve the yield of 2-2C60. The structural analysis of 2-C60 indicates the attachment of fullerene at the iminopyrrole part. The high regioselectivity in the [4 + 2] cycloaddition of the imino-type sulfolenopyrrole unit has been rationalized thermodynamically by the DFT calculation on the relative energy of the two diene intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongchao Xue
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yongzhu Zhou
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Qianghao Lin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiujun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ishida M. Synthesis of Near-Infrared Light-responsive Dyes Based on N-Confused Porphyrinoids. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prakoso SP, Sun SS, Saleh R, Tao YT, Wang CL. Tailoring Photophysical Properties of Diketopyrrolopyrrole Small Molecules with Electron-Withdrawing Moieties for Efficient Solar Steam Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38365-38374. [PMID: 34351125 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of photothermal materials (PTMs) for solar steam generation (SSG) has gained tremendous attention in response to the global clean water scarcity issue. However, the investigation in employing organic small-molecule PTMs for SSG applications is rarely found due to their narrow optical absorption range to harvest solar energy and insufficient photostability for long-term use. Herein, we employ a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) core unit together with electron-withdrawing (EW) endcaps and siloxane side chains to introduce stronger intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristics as well as the hydrophobic character. The enhanced ICT characteristics of DPP derivatives render a broad optical absorption range, less emission, and a high nonradiative decay rate for efficient solar energy harvesting and photothermal effects. Meanwhile, the hydrophobic nature of these DPP derivatives allows the facile fabrication of novel Janus photothermal membranes for effective water vaporization and solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency. By embedding DPP derivatives to the SSG device, we showed that the solar-to-vapor efficiency can reach up to 71.8% under relatively low visible light power (∼700 W m-2), which is, on average, 2.66 times higher than that of bulk water of similar dimension. Moreover, this report demonstrates the great potential of conjugated small molecules for photothermal applications, owing to their versatility and flexibility in structural engineering and its diminishing radiative decay properties. This may inspire more innovation and advancement in SSG applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhendro Purbo Prakoso
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Shue Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chiao Tung University, 128 Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Rosari Saleh
- Departemen Fisika, Fakultas MIPA-Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Yu-Tai Tao
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lung Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Shue Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Urbańska K, Farinone M, Pawlicki M. Changes in porphyrin’s conjugation based on synthetic and post-synthetic modifications. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Porphyrins or more broadly defined porphyrinoids are the structures where the extended π-cloud can be significantly modified by several factors. The broad range of introduced structural motifs has shown a possibility of modification of conjugation by a controlled synthetic approach, leading to expected optical or magnetic behaviour, and also by post-synthetic modifications (i.e. redox or protonation/deprotonation), Both approaches lead to noticeab changes in observed properties but also open a potential for further utilization. Thus, this already constituted big family of macrocyclic structures with specific highly extended π-delocalization shows a significant contribution in several fields from fundamental studies, leading to understanding behaviour of skeletons like that with a substantial influence on biological studies and material science. The presented material focuses on the most significant examples of modifications of porphyrinoids skeleton leading to drastic changes in optical response and magnetic properties. Through the presentation, the focus will be placed on the changes leading to the most red-shifted transition as the parameter indicating extending the π-delocalization. Significantly different magnetic character will be also discussed based on the switching between aromatic/antiaromatic character assigned to macrocyclic structures that will be included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Urbańska
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Marco Farinone
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen C, Li D, Cao G, Qin Z, Xu Y, Liu X, Li Q, Xie Y, Li C. Solvent-regulated biomorphs from the intense π,π-mediated assemblies of tetracenequinone fused porphyrin. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01173a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tetracenequninone fused porphyrin exhibits remarkable π,π-stacking, which can be regulated by solvents to afford various biomorphs or cubic-shaped architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanyue Cao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghe Qin
- Shanghai World Foreign Language Academy, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Shanghai World Foreign Language Academy, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Faustova M, Nikolskaya E, Sokol M, Fomicheva M, Petrov R, Yabbarov N. Metalloporphyrins in Medicine: From History to Recent Trends. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8146-8171. [PMID: 35019597 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The history of metalloporphyrins dates back more than 200 years ago. Metalloporphyrins are excellent catalysts, capable of forming supramolecular systems, participate in oxygen photosynthesis, transport, and used as contrast agents or superoxide dismutase mimetics. Today, metalloporphyrins represent complexes of conjugated π-electron system and metals from the entire periodic system. However, the effect of these compounds on living systems has not been fully understood, and researchers are exploring the properties of metalloporphyrins thereby extending their further application. This review provides an overview of the variety of metalloporphyrins that are currently used in different medicine fields and how metalloporphyrins became the subject of scientists' interest. Currently, metalloporphyrins utilization has expanded significantly, which gave us an opprotunuty to summarize recent progress in metalloporphyrins derivatives and prospects of their application in the treatment and diagnosis of different diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Faustova
- MIREA-Russian Technological University, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, 119454 Moscow, Russia.,N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Nikolskaya
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Sokol
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow Russia
| | - Margarita Fomicheva
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow Russia
| | - Rem Petrov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Nikita Yabbarov
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hiroto S. Development of synthetic protocols for porphyrins and their analogs based on distorted structures — a SPP/JPP Young Investigator Award paper. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Creation of novel [Formula: see text]-conjugated molecules is an important research topic. I describe in this account an approach to this aim that is based on the use of the distorted conformation of porphyrins. Planarization of distorted molecules enables the synthesis of heteroatom-containing porphyrin derivatives. Furthermore, dearomatization reaction proves effective to construct distorted conformations from planar [Formula: see text]-conjugated molecules under mild reaction conditions. According to this protocol, we have succeeded in the synthesis of heteroatom-containing curved-[Formula: see text] conjugated molecules that had never been achieved by conventional protocols. In particular, a nitrogen-embedded buckybowl is the first example of a buckybowl having a heteroatom in its central position, which exhibits unique properties due to the incorporation of the heteroatom in its curved [Formula: see text]-surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hiroto
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Nihonmatsu-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sulfikarali T, Ajay J, Suresh CH, Bijina PV, Gokulnath S. Synthesis, Structure, and Optical Properties of Di- m-benzihexaphyrins (1.1.0.0.0.0) and Di- m-benziheptaphyrins (1.0.1.0.0.0.0): Blackening of m-Phenylene-Linked Dicarbaporphyrinoids by Simple π-Expansion. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8021-8028. [PMID: 32390421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acid-catalyzed condensation of a newly prepared di-m-benzipentapyrrane with appropriate mono- and diheterocyclic dialcohols selectively produced stable di-m-benzihexaphyrins and di-m-benziheptaphyrins with only two meso-carbon bridges. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal planar conformation with slight distortion of bridged phenylene rings. Despite the presence of m-phenylene units interrupting the global delocalization, the presence of bithiophene units in di-m-benziheptaphyrins 3a-b exhibits altered optical features covering the entire visible region (ca. 250-720 nm), exhibiting a black dye property as a "metal-free" porphyrinoid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thondikkal Sulfikarali
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Jayaprakash Ajay
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H Suresh
- Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Padinjare V Bijina
- Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Sabapathi Gokulnath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Photoacoustic Imaging Probes Based on Tetrapyrroles and Related Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093082. [PMID: 32349297 PMCID: PMC7247687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a rapidly evolving field in molecular imaging that enables imaging in the depths of ultrasound and with the sensitivity of optical modalities. PAI bases on the photoexcitation of a chromophore, which converts the absorbed light into thermal energy, causing an acoustic pressure wave that can be captured with ultrasound transducers, in generating an image. For in vivo imaging, chromophores strongly absorbing in the near-infrared range (NIR; > 680 nm) are required. As tetrapyrroles have a long history in biomedical applications, novel tetrapyrroles and inspired mimics have been pursued as potentially suitable contrast agents for PAI. The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of the art in PAI applications using tetrapyrroles and related macrocycles inspired by it, highlighting those compounds exhibiting strong NIR-absorption. Furthermore, we discuss the current developments of other absorbers for in vivo photoacoustic (PA) applications.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Y, Kai H, Ishida M, Gokulnath S, Mori S, Murayama T, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Yasutake Y, Fukatsu S, Notsuka Y, Yamaoka Y, Hanafusa M, Yoshizawa M, Kim G, Kim D, Furuta H. Synthesis of a Black Dye with Absorption Capabilities Across the Visible-to-Near-Infrared Region: A MO-Mixing Approach via Heterometal Coordination of Expanded Porphyrinoid. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6807-6813. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sabapathi Gokulnath
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES), Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Murayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuhsuke Yasutake
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Susumu Fukatsu
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yusuke Notsuka
- Graduate School of Advanced Health Sciences, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Advanced Health Sciences, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Mamiko Hanafusa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Gakhyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shukla J, Ajayakumar MR, Mukhopadhyay P. Buchwald-Hartwig Coupling at the Naphthalenediimide Core: Access to Dendritic, Panchromatic NIR Absorbers with Exceptionally Low Band Gap. Org Lett 2018; 20:7864-7868. [PMID: 30499673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The first successful Buchwald-Hartwig reaction at the naphthalenediimide core is reported, leading to the coupling of diverse secondary aromatic amines including dendritic donors. The G1-dendrimer-based donor exhibit blackish color, providing access to black absorbing systems. λonset values up to 1070 nm was achieved, which is the maximum from a single NDI scaffold. These dyes also manifest multielectron reservoir properties. A total of eight-redox states with a band gap of ∼0.95 eV was accomplished.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Shukla
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India
| | - M R Ajayakumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li C, Liu X, Shao J, Su G, Xie Y. Synthesis of a doubly SO2-fused phlorin: Tuning the structure and properties by the SO2 groups. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618500657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A doubly SO2-fused phlorin 4 has been synthesized by the [2 + 2] condensation of dipyrromethanecarbinol 2 and SO2-fused dipyrromenthane 3 in the presence of TFA, followed by DDQ oxidation. The SO2-fused phlorin 4 has been characterized by absorption, fluorescence, mass and NMR spectra, as well as X-ray analysis. Compared to the [Formula: see text]-unsubstituted phlorin 5, the SO2-fused phlorin 4 exhibits a red-shifted absorption spectrum (around 12 nm), a more distorted molecular conformation, as well as nice photostability even with an electron-donating meso-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl group. The titration of 4 and 5 with TBAF has been monitored by absorption spectroscopy. The deprotonated phlorin 4 shows a peak at 870 nm which is red shifted by 26 nm compared to that of deprotonated 5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujun Liu
- Research Center of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiewei Shao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Guangxian Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237 Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li C, Wurst K, Kräutler B. A Dipyrrin Programmed for Covalent Loading with Fullerenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:10032-10037. [PMID: 29802661 PMCID: PMC6099335 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe here a di-(β,β'-sulfoleno)pyrrin programmed for efficient and specific β,β'-functionalization via [4+2] cycloaddition reactions. At 120 °C and in the presence of an excess of C60 -fullerene the di-(β,β'-sulfoleno)pyrrin decomposed cleanly, furnishing a di-(β,β'-fullereno)pyrrin and the corresponding monofullereno-dipyrrin in an overall yield of 96 %. Hence, relatively mild thermolysis of the di-(β,β'-sulfoleno)pyrrin induced stepwise extrusion of two equivalents of SO2 , producing highly reactive dipyrrin-β,β'-diene intermediates readily, providing a very effective path to [4+2]-cycloadducts. As presented here by the example of the covalent attachment of C60 -fullerene units, a convenient general methodology for the efficient synthesis of covalent dipyrrin β,β'-cycloadducts is made available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Li
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of InnsbruckInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry & Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science & TechnologyMeilong Rd 130200237ShanghaiChina
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic & Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of InnsbruckInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of InnsbruckInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Saegusa Y, Ishizuka T, Kojima T. Substituent Effects at the β-Positions of the Nonfused Pyrroles in a Quadruply Fused Porphyrin on the Structure and Optical and Electrochemical Properties. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1106-1115. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Saegusa
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Saegusa Y, Ishizuka T, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Kojima T. NH Tautomerism of a Quadruply Fused Porphyrin: Rigid Fused Structure Delays the Proton Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:316-327. [PMID: 29224345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report herein NH tautomerism of a freebase derivative of a quadruply fused porphyrin (H2QFP-Mes, 3), which has one mesityl group at one of the β-positions of the nonfused pyrroles to lower the structural symmetry, allowing us to observe the NH tautomerism with 1H NMR spectroscopy. Compound 3 was revealed to have the two inner NH protons on the two nonfused pyrroles, and the NH tautomerism of 3 was evidenced by variable-temperature (VT) 1H NMR experiments in various deuterated solvents. The VT-NMR studies revealed that the activation barrier for the NH tautomerism of 3 was larger than that of tetraphenylporphyrin. The positive activation entropy (ΔS‡ = 89 J mol-1 K-1), determined for the NH tautomerism, can be explained by dissociation of the π-π stacked dimer structure of 3 in the ground state, as evidenced by the crystal structure and NMR measurements. On the basis of the kinetic studies and density functional theory calculations, the stability of intermediates in the NH tautomerism of 3 and the transition states have been discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Saegusa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University , Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University , Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Miao J, Meng B, Liu J, Wang L. An A-D-A'-D-A type small molecule acceptor with a broad absorption spectrum for organic solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:303-306. [PMID: 29239415 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08497h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organic molecules with wide absorption spectra exhibit great sunlight harvesting capability and are critically important for solar cell applications. In this manuscript, we develop an A-D-A'-D-A type small molecule acceptor (IID-IC) using isoindigo (IID) as the electron-deficient core unit (A'), thiophene as the electron-rich bridging units (D) and 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (IC) as the electron-deficient endcapping groups (A). IID-IC shows a wide absorption spectrum with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 190 nm, which is almost twice that of a typical A-D-A type molecule acceptor. The wide absorption spectrum of IID-IC is possibly due to the partially suppressed intramolecular charge transfer effect with the additional electron-deficient core unit. An organic solar cell (OSC) device based on IID-IC exhibits the power conversion efficiency of 2.82% with broad photoresponse from 320 nm to 780 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Banala S, Fokong S, Brand C, Andreou C, Kräutler B, Rueping M, Kiessling F. Quinone-fused porphyrins as contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6176-6181. [PMID: 28989649 PMCID: PMC5628350 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01369h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging non-invasive diagnostic modality with many potential clinical applications in oncology, rheumatology and the cardiovascular field. For this purpose, there is a high demand for exogenous contrast agents with high absorption coefficients in the optical window for tissue imaging, i.e. the near infrared (NIR) range between 680 and 950 nm. We herein report the photoacoustic properties of quinone-fused porphyrins inserted with different transition metals as new highly promising candidates. These dyes exhibit intense NIR absorption, a lack of fluorescence emission, and PA sensitivity in concentrations below 3 nmol mL-1. In this context, the highest PA signal was obtained with a Zn(ii) inserted dye. Furthermore, this dye was stable in blood serum and free thiol solution and exhibited negligible cell toxicity. Additionally, the Zn(ii) probe could be detected with an up to 3.2 fold higher PA intensity compared to the clinically most commonly used PA agent, ICG. Thus, further exploration of the 'quinone-fusing' approach to other chromophores may be an efficient way to generate highly potent PA agents that do not fluoresce and shift their absorption into the NIR range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Banala
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging , University Clinic , RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelstraße 30 , D-52074 Aachen , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 241 8085566
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , D-52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Stanley Fokong
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging , University Clinic , RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelstraße 30 , D-52074 Aachen , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 241 8085566
| | - Christian Brand
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue , New York , NY 10065 , USA
| | - Chrysafis Andreou
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue , New York , NY 10065 , USA
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82 , A6020 , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , D-52074 Aachen , Germany
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging , University Clinic , RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelstraße 30 , D-52074 Aachen , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 241 8085566
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xiong R, Bornhof A, Arkhypchuk AI, Orthaber A, Borbas KE. Furan- and Thiophene-Based Auxochromes Red-shift Chlorin Absorptions and Enable Oxidative Chlorin Polymerizations. Chemistry 2017; 23:4089-4095. [PMID: 27859811 PMCID: PMC5396321 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The de novo syntheses of chemically stable chlorins with five-membered heterocyclic (furane, thiophene, formylfurane and formylthiophene) substituents in selected meso- and β-positions are reported. Heterocycle incorporation in the 3- and 13-positions shifted the chlorin absorption and emission to the red (up to λem =680 nm), thus these readily incorporated substituents function analogously to auxochromes present in chlorophylls, for example, formyl and vinyl groups. Photophysical, theoretical and X-ray crystallographic experiments revealed small but significant differences between the behavior of the furan- and the thiophene-based auxochromes. Four regioisomeric bis-thienylchlorins (3,10; 3,13, 3,15 and 10,15) were oxidatively electropolymerized; the chlorin monomer geometry had a profound impact on the polymerization efficiency and the electrochemical properties of the resulting material. Chemical co-polymerization of 3,13-bis-thienylchlorin with 3-hexylthiophene yielded an organic-soluble red-emitting polymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruisheng Xiong
- Department of ChemistryÅngström LaboratoryUppsala University, Box 52375120UppsalaSweden
| | - Anna‐Bea Bornhof
- Department of ChemistryÅngström LaboratoryUppsala University, Box 52375120UppsalaSweden
| | - Anna I. Arkhypchuk
- Department of ChemistryÅngström LaboratoryUppsala University, Box 52375120UppsalaSweden
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of ChemistryÅngström LaboratoryUppsala University, Box 52375120UppsalaSweden
| | - K. Eszter Borbas
- Department of ChemistryÅngström LaboratoryUppsala University, Box 52375120UppsalaSweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Saegusa Y, Ishizuka T, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Kojima T. Acid–Base Properties of a Freebase Form of a Quadruply Ring-Fused Porphyrin—Stepwise Protonation Induced by Rigid Ring-Fused Structure. J Org Chem 2016; 82:322-330. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Saegusa
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-Ku,
Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-Ku,
Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kinoshita Y, Kitagawa Y, Tamiaki H. Enhancement of Light Absorption Ability of Synthetic Chlorophyll Derivatives by Conjugation with a Difluoroboron Diketonate Group. Chemistry 2016; 22:9996-10001. [PMID: 27304201 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of the light absorption ability of synthetic chlorophyll derivatives is demonstrated. Chlorophyll derivatives directly conjugated with a difluoroboron 1,3-diketonate group at the C3 position were synthesized from methyl pyropheophorbide-d through Barbier acylmethylation of the C3-formyl moiety, oxidation of the C3-carbinol, and difluoroboron complexation of the diketonate. Electronic absorption spectra in a diluted solution showed that the synthetic conjugates gave an absorption band at λ=400-500 nm, with a Qy band shifted to a longer wavelength of λ≈700 nm. DFT calculations demonstrated that the absorption bands and redshifts were ascribable to the coupling of the LUMO of chlorin with that of the difluoroboron diketonate moiety. The introduction of a pyrenyl group at the C3(3) -position of the conjugate afforded an additional charge-transfer band over λ=500 nm, producing a pigment that bridged the green gap in standard chlorophylls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitagawa
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13 West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Akhigbe J, Yang M, Luciano M, Brückner C. Quinoline-annulated chlorins and chlorin-analogs. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616500036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The OsO4-mediated dihydroxylation of quinoline-annulated porphyrin generates a quinoline-annulated dihydroxychlorin in a regioselective fashion. Its dihydroxypyrroline moiety, located at the opposite of the annulated pyrrole, is susceptible to the same functional group interconversions we previously demonstrated for non-annulated dihydroxychlorins: oxidations to the corresponding dione, lactone, and dialkoxymorpholine derivatives. The quinoline-annulated chlorin and derivatives are all characterized by absorption spectra that are much broadened and between 130 and 220 nm red-shifted compared to their non-annulated analogs. Absorbance maxima in the NIR up to well above 800 nm were recorded. We attribute the bathochromic shift to their extended [Formula: see text]-systems and inferred non-planarity, highlighting that quinoline-annulation is a particularly effective and simple strategy to red-shift the absorption spectra of chlorins and chlorin analogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Akhigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, USA
| | - Mengxi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, USA
| | - Michael Luciano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, USA
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Banala S, Wurst K, Kräutler B. Panchromatic π-Extended Porphyrins from Conjugation with Quinones. Chempluschem 2016; 81:477-488. [PMID: 31968777 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Typical porphyrins are coloured compounds due to their characteristic wavelength-selective visible light absorptions. An exceptional "blackened" ZnII -porphyrin was recently obtained from fusing the β,β'-positions of the porphyrin core with four quinone units. Here, studies with metal-free and NiII -containing analogues are reported. These quinone-fused porphyrins were prepared from the corresponding β,β'-tetrasulfolenoporphyrins via thermally generated porphyrindienes, which were trapped by [4+2] cycloaddition as benzoquinone cycloadducts, which were subsequently oxidised. By using this strategy, metal-free and NiII -containing porphyrins with one, two, three or four conjugated naphthoquinone moieties were prepared efficiently. The presence of the π-conjugated naphthoquinone moieties changed the porphyrin chromophores profoundly, giving broadly absorbing "blackened" pigments. The influence of coordinated NiII ions, or of the absence of a metal ion in the modified porphyrin core, on their structural and spectroscopic properties was explored. Blackened quinone-conjugated porphyrins might be pigments suitable for solar energy conversion. With their unique peripheral functional groups they are also a set of porphyrins "programmed" for further covalent extension. Thus, they are building blocks for the preparation of supra-porphyrinoid assemblies that might be useful in optoelectronics and in the nanosciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Banala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institutes of Organic Chemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH University Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
He B, Zherebetskyy D, Wang H, Kolaczkowski MA, Klivansky LM, Tan T, Wang L, Liu Y. Rational tuning of high-energy visible light absorption for panchromatic small molecules by a two-dimensional conjugation approach. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3857-3861. [PMID: 30155029 PMCID: PMC6013794 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00428h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated a rational two-dimensional (2D) conjugation approach towards achieving panchromatic absorption of small molecules. By extending the conjugation on two orthogonal axes of an electron acceptor, namely, bay-annulated indigo (BAI), the optical absorptions could be tuned independently in both high- and low-energy regions. The unconventional modulation of the high-energy absorption is rationalized by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Such a 2D tuning strategy provides novel guidelines for the design of molecular materials with tailored optoelectronic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
| | - Danylo Zherebetskyy
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess , College of Life Science and Technology , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Matthew A Kolaczkowski
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
| | - Liana M Klivansky
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess , College of Life Science and Technology , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Linwang Wang
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cardoso MFDC, Forezi LDSM, da Silva FDC, Pinto ÂC, Neves MGPMS, Ferreira VF, Cavaleiro JAS. Synthetic methodologies leading to porphyrin-quinone conjugates. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616300093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on synthetic strategies that have been established for the preparation of porphyrin-quinone conjugates of potential biological significance and as donor–acceptor compounds for electron transfer processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana F. do C. Cardoso
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana da S. M. Forezi
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando de C. da Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - Ângelo C. Pinto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Ilha da Cidade, Universitária, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Vitor F. Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - José A. S. Cavaleiro
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shigeno A, Matsuno T, Hiroto S, Shinokubo H. Indolylindolinone: Easily Accessible, Tunable, and Wide-range Absorbing Dyes. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ami Shigeno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
| | - Takashi Matsuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
| | - Satoru Hiroto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Singh DK, Nath M. Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of β-triazoloporphyrin-xanthone dyads. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1434-40. [PMID: 26425199 PMCID: PMC4578393 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of β-triazoloporphyrin-xanthone conjugates and xanthone-bridged β-triazoloporphyrin dyads has been synthesized in moderate to good yields through Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of copper(II) 2-azido-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin or zinc(II) 2-azidomethyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin with various alkyne derivatives of xanthones in DMF containing CuSO4 and ascorbic acid at 80 °C. Furthermore, these metalloporphyrins underwent demetalation under acidic conditions to afford the corresponding free-base porphyrins in good to excellent yields. After successful spectroscopic characterization, these porphyrins have been evaluated for their photophysical properties. The preliminary results revealed a bathochromic shift in the UV-vis and fluorescence spectra of these porphyrin-xanthone dyads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahendra Nath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Samankumara LP, Dorazio SJ, Akhigbe J, Li R, Nimthong-Roldán A, Zeller M, Brückner C. Indachlorins: Nonplanar Indanone-Annulated Chlorin Analogues with Panchromatic Absorption Spectra between 300 and 900 nm. Chemistry 2015; 21:11118-28. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
31
|
Saegusa Y, Ishizuka T, Komamura K, Shimizu S, Kotani H, Kobayashi N, Kojima T. Ring-fused porphyrins: extension of π-conjugation significantly affects the aromaticity and optical properties of the porphyrin π-systems and the Lewis acidity of the central metal ions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:15001-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01420d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The ring fusion with five-membered rings causes not only the narrowed HOMO–LUMO gaps but also the contribution of anti-aromatic resonance forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Saegusa
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Keiyu Komamura
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Soji Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kotani
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Filatov MA, Heinrich E, Landfester K, Baluschev S. meso-Tetraphenylporphyrin with a pi-system extended by fusion with anthraquinone. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6977-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00884k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fusion of a porphyrin with anthraquinone through the synthesis of a suitably substituted pyrrole that can be cyclotetramerized and the optical properties of the resulting molecular system are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A. Filatov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Institute of Polymers
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
| | | | | | - Stanislav Baluschev
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Optics and Spectroscopy Department
- Faculty of Physics
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Akhigbe J, Luciano M, Zeller M, Brückner C. Mono- and Bisquinoline-Annulated Porphyrins from Porphyrin β,β'-Dione Oximes. J Org Chem 2014; 80:499-511. [PMID: 25470653 DOI: 10.1021/jo502511j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An acid-induced reaction of meso-tetraphenyl-2-hydroxyimino-3-oxoporphyrin leads, with concomitant loss of water, to a formal electrophilic aromatic substitution of the ortho-position of the phenyl group adjacent to the oxime, forming a quinoline moiety. Owing in part to the presence of a π-extended chromophore, the resulting meso-triphenylmonoquinoline-annulated porphyrin (λmax = 750 nm) possesses a much altered optical spectrum from that of the starting oxime (λmax = 667 nm). An oxidative DDQ-induced ring-closure process is also possible, generating the corresponding meso-triphenylmonoquinoline-annulated porphyrin quinoline N-oxide, possessing a slightly shifted and sharpened UV-vis spectrum (λmax = 737 nm). The connectivity of the chromophores was conclusively shown by NMR spectroscopy. Both ketone functionalities in meso-tetraphenyl-2,3-dioxoporphyrin can be converted, via the oxime and using the acid- or oxidant-induced reaction pathways, either in one step or in a stepwise fashion, to bisquinoline-annulated porphyrin (λmax = 775 nm) and its N-oxide (λmax = 779 nm), respectively. This process is complementary to a previously established pathway toward bisquinoline-annulated porphyrins. Their zinc(II), nickel(II), and palladium(II) complexes are also described. Several examples of the quinoline-annulated porphyrins were crystallographically characterized, proving their connectivity and showing their conformations that are extremely distorted from planarity. The work presents a full account on the synthesis, structure, and spectroscopic properties of these classes of NIR-absorbing dyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Akhigbe
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Michael Luciano
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, One University Plaza, Youngstown, Ohio 44555-3663, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jiang L, Engle JT, Zaenglein RA, Matus A, Ziegler CJ, Wang H, Stillman MJ. Pentacene-fused diporphyrins. Chemistry 2014; 20:13865-70. [PMID: 25185525 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and theoretical analysis of a linearly conjugated pentacene-fused porphyrin dimer and cross-conjugated quinone-fused dinaphtho[2,3]porphyrins. These multichromophoric systems display non-typical UV-visible absorptions of either porphyrins or pentacenes/quinones. UV-visible, emission and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy suggest strong electronic interactions among the multichromophores in the system. DFT calculations revealed the delocalization of the HOMOs and LUMOs spanning the entire dimer and linker assembly. The pentacene-fused porphyrin dimer is significantly more stable than both the corresponding pentacene and the heptacene derivatives. The availability of these huge π-extended and electronically highly interactive multichromophoric systems promises unprecedented electronic and photophysical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056 (USA)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Banala S, Wurst K, Kräutler B. Symmetrical tetra-β″-sulfoleno-meso-aryl-porphyrins — synthesis, spectroscopy and structural characterization. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424613501204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report here the preparation (in "one-pot") of a tetra-β″-sulfoleno-meso-aryl-porphyrin in about 80% yield by using an optimized modification of Lindsey's variant of the Adler–Longo approach. The Zn ( II )-, Cu ( II )- and Ni ( II )-complexes of the symmetrical porphyrin were prepared and characterized spectroscopically. Crystal structures of the fluorescent Zn ( II )- and of the non-fluorescent Ni ( II )-tetra-β″-sulfoleno-meso-aryl-porphyrinates showed the highly substituted porphyrin ligands to be nearly perfectly planar. The Zn ( II )-complex of this porphyrin has been used as a thermal precursor of a reactive diene, and — formally — of lateral and diagonal bis-dienes, of a tris-diene and of a tetra-diene, which all underwent [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions in situ with a range of dienophiles. Thus, the tetra-β″-sulfoleno-meso-aryl-porphyrin and its metal complexes represent reactive building blocks, "programmed" for the syntheses of symmetrical and highly functionalized porphyrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Banala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Carvalho CMB, Brocksom TJ, de Oliveira KT. Tetrabenzoporphyrins: synthetic developments and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:3302-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35500d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
37
|
Filatov MA, Baluschev S, Ilieva IZ, Enkelmann V, Miteva T, Landfester K, Aleshchenkov SE, Cheprakov AV. Tetraaryltetraanthra[2,3]porphyrins: synthesis, structure, and optical properties. J Org Chem 2012. [PMID: 23205621 DOI: 10.1021/jo302135q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic route to symmetrical tetraaryltetraanthra[2,3]porphyrins (Ar(4)TAPs) was developed. Ar(4)TAPs bearing various substituents in meso-phenyls and anthracene residues were prepared from the corresponding pyrrolic precursors. The synthesized porphyrins possess high solubility and exhibit remarkably strong absorption bands in the near-infrared region (790-950 nm). The scope of the method, selection of the peripheral substituents, choice of the metal, and their influence on the optical properties are discussed together with the first X-ray crystallographic data for anthraporphyrin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Filatov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Banala S, Sintic P, Kräutler B. A Functionalized Spiro[chlorin-porphyrin]-Type ‘Dimer’ Dizinc Complex from Rapid [4+2] Self-cycloaddition of a Conjugated [β,β′-Bis(methylene)porphyrinato]zinc. Helv Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
39
|
Banala S, Huber RG, Müller T, Fechtel M, Liedl KR, Kräutler B. Porphyrin-LEGO®: synthesis of a hexafullereno-diporphyrin using porphyrins programmed for [4+2]-cycloaddition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4359-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31218b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
40
|
Banala S, Wurst K, Kräutler B. 3,5-Dihydro-2H-thieno[2,3-c]pyrrole 1,1-Dioxide - A New Simple Pyrrole Unit. Preliminary Communication. Helv Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200900362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|