1
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Tang X, Gambier C, López-Gálvez N, Padilla S, Rapp VH, Russell ML, Klivansky LM, Mayorga R, Perrino C, Gundel LA, Hoh E, Dodder NG, Hammond SK, Zhang H, Matt GE, Quintana PJE, Destaillats H. Remediation of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke with Ozone: Probing Deep Reservoirs in Carpets. Environ Sci Technol 2023. [PMID: 37366549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the efficacy of ozonation as an indoor remediation strategy by evaluating how a carpet serves as a sink and long-term source of thirdhand tobacco smoke (THS) while protecting contaminants absorbed in deep reservoirs by scavenging ozone. Specimens from unused carpet that was exposed to smoke in the lab ("fresh THS") and contaminated carpets retrieved from smokers' homes ("aged THS") were treated with 1000 ppb ozone in bench-scale tests. Nicotine was partially removed from fresh THS specimens by volatilization and oxidation, but it was not significantly eliminated from aged THS samples. By contrast, most of the 24 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons detected in both samples were partially removed by ozone. One of the home-aged carpets was installed in an 18 m3 room-sized chamber, where its nicotine emission rate was 950 ng day-1 m-2. In a typical home, such daily emissions could amount to a non-negligible fraction of the nicotine released by smoking one cigarette. The operation of a commercial ozone generator for a total duration of 156 min, reaching concentrations up to 10,000 ppb, did not significantly reduce the carpet nicotine loading (26-122 mg m-2). Ozone reacted primarily with carpet fibers, rather than with THS, leading to short-term emissions of aldehydes and aerosol particles. Hence, by being absorbed deeply into carpet fibers, THS constituents can be partially shielded from ozonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Tang
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Clément Gambier
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nicolás López-Gálvez
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Samuel Padilla
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Vi H Rapp
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marion L Russell
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Liana M Klivansky
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Raphael Mayorga
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Charles Perrino
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lara A Gundel
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eunha Hoh
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Nathan G Dodder
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - S Katharine Hammond
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - George E Matt
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Penelope J E Quintana
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Hugo Destaillats
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Li H, Chang BS, Kim H, Xie Z, Lainé A, Ma L, Xu T, Yang C, Kwon J, Shelton SW, Klivansky LM, Altoé V, Gao B, Schwartzberg AM, Peng Z, Ritchie RO, Xu T, Salmeron M, Ruiz R, Sharpless KB, Wu P, Liu Y. High-performing polysulfate dielectrics for electrostatic energy storage under harsh conditions. Joule 2023; 7:95-111. [PMID: 37034575 PMCID: PMC10078921 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
High capacity polymer dielectrics that operate with high efficiencies under harsh electrification conditions are essential components for advanced electronics and power systems. It is, however, fundamentally challenging to design polymer dielectrics that can reliably withstand demanding temperatures and electric fields, which necessitate the balance of key electronic, electrical and thermal parameters. Herein, we demonstrate that polysulfates, synthesized by sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) catalysis, another near-perfect click chemistry reaction, serve as high-performing dielectric polymers that overcome such bottlenecks. Free-standing polysulfate thin films from convenient solution processes exhibit superior insulating properties and dielectric stability at elevated temperatures, which are further enhanced when ultrathin (~5 nm) oxide coatings are deposited by atomic layer deposition. The corresponding electrostatic film capacitors display high breakdown strength (>700 MV m-1) and discharged energy density of 8.64 J cm-3 at 150 °C, outperforming state-of-the-art free-standing capacitor films based on commercial and synthetic dielectric polymers and nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Boyce S. Chang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- These authors contributed equally
- Present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Hyunseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zongliang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Antione Lainé
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Le Ma
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tianlei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Chongqing Yang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Junpyo Kwon
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Steve W. Shelton
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Liana M. Klivansky
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Virginia Altoé
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bing Gao
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adam M. Schwartzberg
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zongren Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Robert O. Ritchie
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Miquel Salmeron
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ricardo Ruiz
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - K. Barry Sharpless
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Lead contact
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3
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Yang S, Yang C, Dun C, Mao H, Khoo RSH, Klivansky LM, Reimer JA, Urban JJ, Zhang J, Liu Y. Covalent Organic Frameworks with Irreversible Linkages via Reductive Cyclization of Imines. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9827-9835. [PMID: 35623057 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) show great potential for many advanced applications on account of their structural uniqueness. To address the synthetic challenges, facile chemical routes to engineer the porosity, crystallinity, and functionality of COFs are highly sought after. Herein, we report a synthetic approach that employs the Cadogan reaction to introduce nitrogen-containing heterocycles as the linkages in the framework. Irreversible indazole and benzimidazolylidene (BIY) linkages are introduced into COFs for the first time via phosphine-induced reductive cyclization of the common imine linkages following either stepwise or one-pot reaction protocols. The successful linkage transformation introduces new functionalities, as demonstrated in the case of BIY-COF, which displays excellent intrinsic proton conductivity without the need of impregnation with external proton transfer reagents. Such a general strategy will open the window to a broader class of functional porous crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhuo Yang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chongqing Yang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chaochao Dun
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Haiyan Mao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rebecca Shu Hui Khoo
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Liana M Klivansky
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Reimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Urban
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jian Zhang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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4
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Kim H, Zhao J, Bae J, Klivansky LM, Dailing EA, Liu Y, Cappiello JR, Sharpless KB, Wu P. Chain-Growth Sulfur(VI) Fluoride Exchange Polycondensation: Molecular Weight Control and Synthesis of Degradable Polysulfates. ACS Cent Sci 2021; 7:1919-1928. [PMID: 34841062 PMCID: PMC8614101 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) click chemistry has offered a facile and reliable approach to produce polysulfates and polysulfonates. However, the current SuFEx polymerization methods lack precise control of target molecular weight and dispersity. Herein, we report the first chain-growth SuFEx polycondensation process by exploiting the unique reactivity and selectivity of S-F bonds under SuFEx catalysis. Given the higher reactivity of iminosulfur oxydifluoride versus fluorosulfate, the chain-growth SuFEx polycondensation is realized by using an iminosulfur oxydifluoride-containing compound as the reactive chain initiator and deactivated AB-type aryl silyl ether-fluorosulfates bearing an electron-withdrawing group as monomers. When 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) was utilized as the polymerization catalyst, precise control over the polymer molecular weight and polydispersity was achieved. The resulting polymers possess great thermal stability but are easily degradable under mild acidic and basic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseok Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jinhye Bae
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Liana M. Klivansky
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eric A. Dailing
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John R. Cappiello
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - K. Barry Sharpless
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Peng Wu
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research
Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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5
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Anderson CL, Li H, Jones CG, Teat SJ, Settineri NS, Dailing EA, Liang J, Mao H, Yang C, Klivansky LM, Li X, Reimer JA, Nelson HM, Liu Y. Solution-processable and functionalizable ultra-high molecular weight polymers via topochemical synthesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6818. [PMID: 34819494 PMCID: PMC8613210 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Topochemical polymerization reactions hold the promise of producing ultra-high molecular weight crystalline polymers. However, the totality of topochemical polymerization reactions has failed to produce ultra-high molecular weight polymers that are both soluble and display variable functionality, which are restrained by the crystal-packing and reactivity requirements on their respective monomers in the solid state. Herein, we demonstrate the topochemical polymerization reaction of a family of para-azaquinodimethane compounds that undergo facile visible light and thermally initiated polymerization in the solid state, allowing for the first determination of a topochemical polymer crystal structure resolved via the cryoelectron microscopy technique of microcrystal electron diffraction. The topochemical polymerization reaction also displays excellent functional group tolerance, accommodating both solubilizing side chains and reactive groups that allow for post-polymerization functionalization. The thus-produced soluble ultra-high molecular weight polymers display superior capacitive energy storage properties. This study overcomes several synthetic and characterization challenges amongst topochemical polymerization reactions, representing a critical step toward their broader application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Anderson
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - He Li
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Christopher G Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Nicholas S Settineri
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Eric A Dailing
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jiatao Liang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Haiyan Mao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Chongqing Yang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Liana M Klivansky
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xinle Li
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Reimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hosea M Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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6
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Li S, Li G, Gao B, Pujari SP, Chen X, Kim H, Zhou F, Klivansky LM, Liu Y, Driss H, Liang DD, Lu J, Wu P, Zuilhof H, Moses J, Sharpless KB. SuFExable polymers with helical structures derived from thionyl tetrafluoride. Nat Chem 2021; 13:858-867. [PMID: 34400816 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) is a category of click chemistry that enables covalent linking of modular units through sulfur(VI) connective hubs. The efficiency of SuFEx and the stability of the resulting bonds have led to polymer chemistry applications. Now, we report the SuFEx click chemistry synthesis of several structurally diverse SOF4-derived copolymers based on the polymerization of bis(iminosulfur oxydifluorides) and bis(aryl silyl ethers). This polymer class presents two key characteristics. First, the [-N=S(=O)F-O-] polymer backbone linkages are themselves SuFExable and undergo precise SuFEx-based post-modification with phenols or amines to yield branched functional polymers. Second, studies of individual polymer chains of several of these new materials indicate helical polymer structures. The robust nature of SuFEx click chemistry offers the potential for post-polymerization modification, enabling the synthesis of materials with control over composition and conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhua Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Gencheng Li
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bing Gao
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sidharam P Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hyunseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Feng Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liana M Klivansky
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hafedh Driss
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dong-Dong Liang
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jianmei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands. .,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - John Moses
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, NY, USA.
| | - K Barry Sharpless
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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7
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Wang L, Liu X, Shi X, Anderson CL, Klivansky LM, Liu Y, Wu Y, Chen J, Yao J, Fu H. Singlet Fission in a para-Azaquinodimethane-Based Quinoidal Conjugated Polymer. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17892-17896. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720, United States
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaomei Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Christopher L. Anderson
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Liana M. Klivansky
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720, United States
| | - Yishi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Junwu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecules Science (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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8
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Zhu C, Ji X, You D, Chen TL, Mu AU, Barker KP, Klivansky LM, Liu Y, Fang L. Extraordinary Redox Activities in Ladder-Type Conjugated Molecules Enabled by B ← N Coordination-Promoted Delocalization and Hyperconjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:18173-18182. [PMID: 30507169 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of B ← N coordinate bond-isoelectronic to C-C single bond-into π-systems represents a promising strategy to impart exotic redox and electrochromic properties into conjugated organic molecules and macromolecules. To achieve both reductive and oxidative activities using this strategy, a cruciform ladder-type molecular constitution was designed to accommodate oxidation-active, reduction-active, and B ← N coordination units into a compact structure. Two such compounds (BN-F and BN-Ph) were synthesized via highly efficient N-directed borylation. These molecules demonstrated well-separated, two reductive and two oxidative electron-transfer processes, corresponding to five distinct yet stable oxidation states, including a rarely observed boron-containing radical cation. Spectroelectrochemical measurements revealed unique optical characteristics for each of these reduced/oxidized species, demonstrating multicolor electrochromism with excellent recyclability. Distinct color changes were observed between each redox state with clear isosbestic points on the absorption spectra. The underlying redox mechanism was elucidated by a combination of computational and experimental investigations. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis on the neutral state, the oxidized radical cation, and the reduced dianion of BN-Ph revealed structural transformations into two distinct quinonoid constitutions during the oxidation and reduction processes, respectively. B ← N coordination played an important role in rendering the robust and reversible multistage redox properties, by extending the charge and spin delocalization, by modulating the π-electron density, and by a newly established hyperconjugation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Teresa L Chen
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | | | | | - Liana M Klivansky
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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9
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Zhang Y, Hanifi DA, Fernández-Liencres MP, Klivansky LM, Ma B, Navarro A, Liu Y. Understanding Electron Transport in Disk-Shaped Triphenylene-Tris(naphthaleneimidazole)s through Structural Modification and Theoretical Investigation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:20010-20019. [PMID: 28534391 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Disk-shaped molecules with large aromatic π-surfaces are a class of organic semiconductors in which the charge-carrier transport properties could be greatly facilitated by preferred intermolecular stacking of the π-surfaces. The optical and electronic properties are not only determined by the core aromatic structure of these disk-shaped molecules but are also strongly dependent on the side chains, which directly impact the molecular self-assembly behavior in condensed phases. Triphenylene-tris(naphthaleneimidazole) (TP-TNI) is a recently reported n-type semiconductor featuring a large π-core and branched side chains, with an electron-transporting mobility reaching 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1. To further improve material performance, a detailed study is needed to understand the dependence of carrier transport properties on both the core electronic structure and side chain. Here, we present the detailed synthesis and characterization of a TP-TNI derivative bearing linear side chains, which has demonstrated a field-effect electron-transport mobility of up to 1.3 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1. The more than 1 order improvement in electron-transport properties over the branched side chain homologue can be correlated to ordered twisted packing in the thin film, as revealed by in situ variable temperature grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering studies. In-depth theoretical understanding of the frontier orbitals, reorganization energies, and charge-transfer integrals of TP-TNI molecules has provided further insight into the relationship between the molecular stacking geometry and charge-transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- The Molecular Foundry and Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University , 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816 Nanjing, China
| | - David A Hanifi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - M Paz Fernández-Liencres
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad de Jaén , Campus Las Lagunillas, E23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Liana M Klivansky
- The Molecular Foundry and Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Biwu Ma
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Materials Science Program, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Amparo Navarro
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad de Jaén , Campus Las Lagunillas, E23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry and Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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10
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Rodriguez MA, Sava Gallis DF, Chavez JS, Klivansky LM, Liu Y. 4,4′-([4,4′-Bipyridine]-1,1′-diium-1,1′-diyl)dibenzoate dihydrate. IUCr Data 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314616009664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of a neutral viologen derivative, C24H16N2O4·2H2O. The non-solvent portion of the structure (Z-Lig) is a zwitterion, consisting of two positively charged pyridinium cations and two negatively charged carboxylate anions. The carboxylate group is almost coplanar [dihedral angle = 2.04 (11)°] with the benzene ring, whereas the dihedral angle between pyridine and benzene rings is 46.28 (5)°. TheZ-Lig molecule is positioned on a center of inversion (Fig. 1). The presence of the twofold axis perpendicular to thec-glide plane in space groupC2/c generates a screw-axis parallel to thebaxis that is shifted from the origin by 1/4 in theaandcdirections. This screw-axis replicates the molecule (and solvent water molecules) through space. TheZ-Lig molecule links to adjacent moleculesviaO—H...O hydrogen bonds involving solvent water molecules as well as intermolecular C—H...O interactions. There are also π–π interactions between benzene rings on adjacent molecules.
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11
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He B, Zherebetskyy D, Wang H, Kolaczkowski MA, Klivansky LM, Tan T, Wang L, Liu Y. Rational tuning of high-energy visible light absorption for panchromatic small molecules by a two-dimensional conjugation approach. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3857-3861. [PMID: 30155029 PMCID: PMC6013794 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00428h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated a rational two-dimensional (2D) conjugation approach towards achieving panchromatic absorption of small molecules. By extending the conjugation on two orthogonal axes of an electron acceptor, namely, bay-annulated indigo (BAI), the optical absorptions could be tuned independently in both high- and low-energy regions. The unconventional modulation of the high-energy absorption is rationalized by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Such a 2D tuning strategy provides novel guidelines for the design of molecular materials with tailored optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
| | - Danylo Zherebetskyy
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess , College of Life Science and Technology , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Matthew A Kolaczkowski
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
| | - Liana M Klivansky
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess , College of Life Science and Technology , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Linwang Wang
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
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12
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He B, Pun AB, Zherebetskyy D, Liu Y, Liu F, Klivansky LM, McGough AM, Zhang BA, Lo K, Russell TP, Wang L, Liu Y. New Form of an Old Natural Dye: Bay-Annulated Indigo (BAI) as an Excellent Electron Accepting Unit for High Performance Organic Semiconductors. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15093-101. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508807m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yao Liu
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Kelvin Lo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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13
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Pun AB, Gagnon KJ, Klivansky LM, Teat SJ, Li ZT, Liu Y. Solvent-driven selective π-cation templating in dynamic assembly of interlocked molecules. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3qo00074e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The different solvent responses for bipyridinium and trispyridinium-based dynamic imine [2]rotaxanes allow their interconversion with high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. Pun
- The Molecular Foundry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Kevin J. Gagnon
- Advanced Light Source
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | | | - Simon J. Teat
- Advanced Light Source
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
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14
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Klivansky LM, Hanifi D, Koshkakaryan G, Holycross DR, Gorski EK, Wu Q, Chai M, Liu Y. A complementary disk-shaped π electron donor–acceptor pair with high binding affinity. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20241g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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15
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Song Y, Klivansky LM, Liu Y, Chen S. Enhanced stability of Janus nanoparticles by covalent cross-linking of surface ligands. Langmuir 2011; 27:14581-14588. [PMID: 22004354 DOI: 10.1021/la2032626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A mercapto derivative of diacetylene was used as the hydrophilic ligand to prepare Janus nanoparticles by using hydrophobic hexanethiolate-protected gold (AuC6, diameter 5 nm) nanoparticles as the starting materials. The amphiphilic surface characters of the Janus nanoparticles were verified by contact angle measurements, as compared to those of the bulk-exchange counterparts where the two types of ligands were distributed rather homogeneously on the nanoparticle surface. Dynamic light scattering studies showed that the Janus nanoparticles formed stable superstructures in various solvent media that were significantly larger than those by the bulk-exchange counterparts. This was ascribed to the amphiphilic characters of the Janus nanoparticles that rendered the particles to behave analogously to conventional surfactant molecules. Notably, because of the close proximity of the diacetylene moieties on the Janus nanoparticle surface, exposure to UV irradiation led to effective covalent cross-linking between the diacetylene moieties of neighboring ligands, as manifested in UV-vis and fluorescence measurements where the emission characteristics of dimers and trimers of diacetylene were rather well-defined, in addition to the monomeric emission. In contrast, for bulk-exchange nanoparticles, no trimer emission could be identified, and the intensity of dimer emission was markedly lower (though the intensity increased with increasing diacetylene coverage on the particle surface) under the otherwise identical experimental conditions. This is largely because the diacetylene ligands were distributed on the entire particle surface, and it was difficult to find a large number of ligands situated closely so that the stringent topochemical principles for the polymerization of diacetylene derivatives could be met. Importantly, the cross-linked Janus nanoparticles were found to exhibit marked enhancement of the structural integrity, which was attributable to the impeded surface diffusion of the thiol ligands on the nanoparticle surface, as manifested in fluorescence measurements of aged nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
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16
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Zhang Y, Hanifi D, Alvarez S, Antonio F, Pun A, Klivansky LM, Hexemer A, Ma B, Liu Y. Charge transport anisotropy in n-type disk-shaped triphenylene-tris(aroyleneimidazole)s. Org Lett 2011; 13:6528-31. [PMID: 22082278 DOI: 10.1021/ol202814y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two novel n-type disk-shaped molecules containing a triphenylene core and three fused naphthaleneimide imidazole or peryleneimide imidazole "arms" are synthesized and characterized. The n-type charge carrier mobilities of these molecules are evaluated by both field effect transistors and space-charge limited-current measurements, which exhibit drastically different mobility anisotropy. A strong correlation between film morphology and the charge transport behavior is established by X-ray scattering and atomic force microscopic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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17
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Besanceney-Webler C, Jiang H, Zheng T, Feng L, Soriano del Amo D, Wang W, Klivansky LM, Marlow FL, Liu Y, Wu P. Increasing the efficacy of bioorthogonal click reactions for bioconjugation: a comparative study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8051-6. [PMID: 21761519 PMCID: PMC3465470 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Raising the bar: the efficacy of bioorthogonal reactions for bioconjugation has been thoroughly evaluated in four different biological settings. Powered by the development of new biocompatible ligands, the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition has brought about unsurpassed bioconjugation efficiency, and thus it holds great promise as a highly potent and adaptive tool for a broader spectrum of biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christen Besanceney-Webler
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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18
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Besanceney-Webler C, Jiang H, Zheng T, Feng L, Soriano del Amo D, Wang W, Klivansky LM, Marlow FL, Liu Y, Wu P. Increasing the Efficacy of Bioorthogonal Click Reactions for Bioconjugation: A Comparative Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Hanifi D, Cao D, Klivansky LM, Liu Y. Novel C3-symmetric n-type tris(aroyleneimidazole) and its analogs: synthesis, physical properties and self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:3454-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04753h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Koshkakaryan G, Cao D, Klivansky LM, Teat SJ, Tran JL, Liu Y. Dual Selectivity Expressed in [2 + 2 + 1] Dynamic Clipping of Unsymmetrical [2]Catenanes. Org Lett 2010; 12:1528-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100215c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gayane Koshkakaryan
- The Molecular Foundry and the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Dennis Cao
- The Molecular Foundry and the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Liana M. Klivansky
- The Molecular Foundry and the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Simon J. Teat
- The Molecular Foundry and the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jasper L. Tran
- The Molecular Foundry and the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry and the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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21
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Koshkakaryan G, Jiang P, Altoe V, Cao D, Klivansky LM, Zhang Y, Chung S, Katan A, Martin F, Salmeron M, Ma B, Aloni S, Liu Y. Multilayered nanofibers from stacks of single-molecular thick nanosheets of hexakis(alkoxy)triphenylenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:8579-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03942j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Cao D, Amelia M, Klivansky LM, Koshkakaryan G, Khan SI, Semeraro M, Silvi S, Venturi M, Credi A, Liu Y. Probing Donor−Acceptor Interactions and Co-Conformational Changes in Redox Active Desymmetrized [2]Catenanes. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 132:1110-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ja909041g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Cao
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università degli Studi di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Matteo Amelia
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università degli Studi di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Liana M. Klivansky
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università degli Studi di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Gayane Koshkakaryan
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università degli Studi di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Saeed I. Khan
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università degli Studi di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Monica Semeraro
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università degli Studi di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Serena Silvi
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università degli Studi di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Margherita Venturi
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università degli Studi di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Alberto Credi
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università degli Studi di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università degli Studi di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095
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23
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Koshkakaryan G, Klivansky LM, Cao D, Snauko M, Teat SJ, Struppe JO, Liu Y. Alternative Donor−Acceptor Stacks from Crown Ethers and Naphthalene Diimide Derivatives: Rapid, Selective Formation from Solution and Solid State Grinding. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:2078-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja809088v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gayane Koshkakaryan
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Liana M. Klivansky
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Dennis Cao
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Marian Snauko
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Simon J. Teat
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jochem O. Struppe
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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24
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Abstract
Desymmetrized [2]catenanes were synthesized and shown to exhibit excellent translational selectivity. The templated synthesis takes effect from the formation of pseudorotaxanes between pi-rich crown ethers and a pi-deficient pyromellitic (PmI) unit, followed by macrocyclization around the crown ethers with the creation of a bipyridinium (BPy) unit. The crown ethers preferably encircle the BPy unit in the resulting [2]catenanes in both solution and the solid state, as indicated by various spectroscopic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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25
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Klivansky LM, Koshkakaryan G. Enhancing the reactivity of 1,2,3-triazoles in “click” macrocycles by face-to-face dibenzylammonium ion binding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:4773-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b711505a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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