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Rajbanshi A, Hilton E, Dreiss CA, Murnane D, Cook MT. Stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Engineered Emulsions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300723. [PMID: 38395416 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Emulsions are complex. Dispersing two immiscible phases, thus expanding an interface, requires effort to achieve and the resultant dispersion is thermodynamically unstable, driving the system toward coalescence. Furthermore, physical instabilities, including creaming, arise due to presence of dispersed droplets of different densities to a continuous phase. Emulsions allow the formulation of oils, can act as vehicles to solubilize both hydrophilic and lipophilic molecules, and can be tailored to desirable rheological profiles, including "gel-like" behavior and shear thinning. The usefulness of emulsions can be further expanded by imparting stimuli-responsive or "smart" behaviors by inclusion of a stimuli-responsive emulsifier, polymer or surfactant. This enables manipulation like gelation, breaking, or aggregation, by external triggers such as pH, temperature, or salt concentration changes. This platform generates functional materials for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, oil recovery, and colloid engineering, combining both smart behaviors and intrinsic benefit of emulsions. However, with increased functionality comes greater complexity. This review focuses on the use of stimuli-responsive polymers for the generation of smart emulsions, motivated by the great adaptability of polymers for this application and their efficacy as steric stabilizers. Stimuli-responsive emulsions are described according to the trigger used to provide the reader with an overview of progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Rajbanshi
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Eleanor Hilton
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Cécile A Dreiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Darragh Murnane
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Michael T Cook
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
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2
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Rajbanshi A, Da Silva MA, Mahmoudi N, Janeczek A, Shaw A, Dawson J, Cook MT. Branched copolymer surfactants impart thermoreversible gelation to LAPONITE® gels. SOFT MATTER 2023; 20:103-114. [PMID: 38050736 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01271a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
This investigation seeks to integrate LAPONITE® clay gels with thermoresponsive branched copolymer surfactants (BCSs) to develop advanced functional materials with temperature-induced sol-gel behaviour. It is known that a diverse range of molecules adsorb strongly to clays which may be used to control liberation of the species in healthcare applications, and as such the development of polymer/clay hybrid materials which can add function to the native clay behaviour are of great interest. BCS were synthesised with a structure that encompasses poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate (PEGMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and dodecanethiol (DDT), conferring versatile and tuneable thermoresponsive attributes. Systematic modulation of the monomer : DDT/initiator ratio was used to facilitate the synthesis of BCS architectures spanning a range of molecular weights. Through application of small-amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) in conjunction with controlled temperature variations, the sol-gel transition dynamics of these nanocomposite materials were elucidated. Complementary insights into the mechanisms underpinning this transition and temperature-induced alterations in the constituents are gleaned through the utilization of SANS techniques employing contrast-matching methodologies to mitigate clay and polymer scattering interference. It is found that heating systems from room- to body- temperature induces self-assembly of BCS in the bulk aqueous phase with concurrent structuration of clay in gel-forming samples with lower number average molecular weight (Mn). SANS study unpicks this phenomenon to find that gelation occurs with concurrent aggregation of BCS in the bulk, inducing clay-clay interactions only in lower Mn BCS systems with large nanoaggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Rajbanshi
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Marcelo Alves Da Silva
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK.
| | - Najet Mahmoudi
- ISIS Muon and Neutron Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Agnieszka Janeczek
- Renovos Biologics Ltd, Science Park, 2 Venture Rd, Chilworth, Southampton, SO16 7NP, UK.
| | - Allison Shaw
- Renovos Biologics Ltd, Science Park, 2 Venture Rd, Chilworth, Southampton, SO16 7NP, UK.
| | - Jonathan Dawson
- Renovos Biologics Ltd, Science Park, 2 Venture Rd, Chilworth, Southampton, SO16 7NP, UK.
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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3
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Liu P, Pei X, Cui Z, Song B, Jiang J, Binks BP. Recyclable Nonionic-Anionic Bola Surfactant as a Stabilizer of Size-Controllable and pH-Responsive Pickering Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:841-850. [PMID: 36603129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel nonionic-anionic Bola surfactant (abbreviated as CH3O(EO)7-R11-COOH) was designed and synthesized by condensation of methyl polyoxyethylene (7) ether with 12-bromododecanoic acid. In neutral aqueous solution, the surfactant behaves as a nonionic one and can stabilize oil-in-water (O/W) conventional emulsions alone and costabilize O/W Pickering emulsions with positively charged alumina nanoparticles with n-decane as the oil. In alkaline solution, the carboxylic acid group is deprotonated, becoming anionic and the surfactant is converted to Bola form, which is an inferior emulsifier and does not adsorb on particle surfaces, resulting in demulsification of both kinds of emulsions. With strong hydrophilicity, both the Bola surfactant and the bare particles return to the aqueous phase after demulsification, which is therefore recyclable and reusable in accordance with sustainable chemistry and engineering. In acidic media between pH 3 and 6, the ethyleneoxy groups tend to desorb from particle surfaces, slightly reducing the hydrophobicity of the particles. However, Pickering emulsions are still stable but their droplet size increases on lowering the pH. The Pickering emulsions are therefore pH-responsive and size-controllable. This newly designed Bola surfactant is effective in preparing smart emulsions, which are extensively applied in heterogeneous catalysis, oil product transportation, emulsion polymerization, and new material preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Pei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhenggang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Binglei Song
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Bernard P Binks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, HullHU6 7RX, U.K
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4
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Liu P, Zhang S, Pei X, Song B, Jiang J, Cui Z, Binks BP. Recyclable and re-usable smart surfactant for stabilization of various multi-responsive emulsions alone or with nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:849-858. [PMID: 34982810 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01660a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel multi-responsive surfactant (abbreviated as N+-8P8-N) was synthesized, in which one octyl trimethylamine group (quaternary ammonium) and one octyl dimethylamine group are connected to a benzene ring through ether bonds. This novel surfactant can stabilize conventional oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions alone, and O/W Pickering emulsions and novel oil-in-dispersion emulsions together with oppositely and similarly charged nanoparticles, respectively. In all cases rapid demulsification can be achieved through either pH or CO2/N2 triggers, by which the surfactant is reversibly converted between a normal cationic surfactant form (N+-8P8-N) and a strongly hydrophilic and surface-inactive bola form (N+-8P8-NH+). Notably, the bola form N+-8P8-NH+ dissolves in the aqueous phase alone or together with nanoparticles after demulsification without contamination of the oil phase, and the aqueous phase can be recycled many times triggered by pH or CO2/N2 in accordance with the principle of green chemistry. This newly designed re-usable smart surfactant is significant for the development of various temporarily stable emulsions, which are extensively applied in emulsion polymerization, new material synthesis, heterogeneous catalysis and oil transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaomei Pei
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Binglei Song
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Jianzhong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenggang Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Bernard P Binks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
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Cassin SR, Flynn S, Chambon P, Rannard SP. Accessing new and scalable high molecular weight branched copolymer structures using transfer-dominated branching radical telomerisation (TBRT). Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00174h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three new synthesis strategies for branched statistical copolymers containing analogues of step-growth backbones are shown using free radical chemistries and transfer-dominated branching radical polymerisation (TBRT) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah R. Cassin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, UK
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Sean Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, UK
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, UK
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Steve P. Rannard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, UK
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, UK
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6
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Rajbanshi A, da Silva MA, Murnane D, Porcar L, Dreiss CA, Cook MT. Polymer architecture dictates thermoreversible gelation in engineered emulsions stabilised with branched copolymer surfactants. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymer architecture allows control of thermoreversible gelation in branched copolymer-stabilised emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Rajbanshi
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - M. A. da Silva
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - D. Murnane
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - L. Porcar
- Institut Laue Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - C. A. Dreiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - M. T. Cook
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
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Zhao J, Pan Z, Snyder D, Stone HA, Emrick T. Chemically Triggered Coalescence and Reactivity of Droplet Fibers. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5558-5564. [PMID: 33793226 PMCID: PMC8631051 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe the role of functional polymer surfactants in the construction and triggered collapse of droplet-based fibers and the use of these macroscopic supracolloidal structures for reagent compartmentalization. Copolymer surfactants containing both zwitterionic and tertiary amine pendent groups were synthesized for stabilization of oil-in-water droplets, in which the self-adherent properties of the selected zwitterions impart interdroplet adherence, while the amine groups provide access to pH-triggered coalescence. Macroscopic fibers, obtained by droplet extrusion, were prepared with reagents embedded in spatially distinct components of the fibers. Upon acidification of the continuous aqueous phase, protonation of the polymer surfactants increases their hydrophilicity and causes rapid fiber disruption and collapse. Cross-linked versions of these supracolloidal fibers were stable upon acidification and appeared to direct interdroplet passage of encapsulants along the fiber length. Overall, these functional, responsive emulsions provide a strategy to impart on-demand chemical reactivity to soft materials structures that benefits from the interfacial chemistry of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Zehao Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Deborah Snyder
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Howard A Stone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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8
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Hou Z, Ren M, Wang K, Yang Y, Xu J, Zhu J. Deformable Block Copolymer Microparticles by Controllable Localization of pH-Responsive Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaiyan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Min Ren
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
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9
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Kim DS, Lee W, Lopez-Leon T, Yoon DK. Self-Regulated Smectic Emulsion with Switchable Lasing Application. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1903818. [PMID: 31602793 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A structurally reversible smectic liquid crystal (LC) emulsion made of semifluorinated rod-type molecules in silicon oil, which is controlled by simple heating and cooling, is presented. Without adding any kind of additives, such as surfactants, polymers or emulsifiers, and without using any special tools, such as microfluidics or gas bubbling, the LC molecules spontaneously form monodisperse spherical and myelin-like structures upon cooling from the isotropic temperature. The LC emulsion can easily trap guest materials, providing a platform for repeatable and reliable switchable emulsification. For example, this interesting system enables the realization of an on-off lasing system by confining fluorescent dyes in the LC droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Seok Kim
- UMR Gulliver 7083 CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Wonsuk Lee
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Teresa Lopez-Leon
- UMR Gulliver 7083 CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Department of Chemistry and KINC, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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10
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Tang G, Xiong R, Lv D, Xu RX, Braeckmans K, Huang C, De Smedt SC. Gas-Shearing Fabrication of Multicompartmental Microspheres: A One-Step and Oil-Free Approach. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1802342. [PMID: 31065527 PMCID: PMC6498303 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201802342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Multicompartmental microparticles (MCMs) have attracted considerable attention in biomedical engineering and materials sciences, as they can carry multiple materials in the separated phases of a single particle. However, the robust fabrication of monodisperse, highly compartmental MCMs at the micro- and nanoscales remains challenging. Here, a simple one-step and oil-free process, based on the gas-flow-assisted formation of microdroplets ("gas-shearing"), is established for the scalable production of monodisperse MCMs. By changing the configuration of the needle system and gas flow in the spray ejector device, the oil-free gas-shearing process easily allows the design of microparticles consisting of two, four, six, and even eight compartments with a precise control over the properties of each compartment. As oils and surfactants are not used, the gas-shearing method is highly cytocompatible. The versatile applications of such MCMs are demonstrated by producing a magnetic microrobot and a biocompatible carrier for the coculturing of cells. This research suggests that the oil-free gas-shearing strategy is a reliable, scalable, and biofriendly process for producing MCMs that may become attractive materials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Tang
- College of Chemical EngineeringJiangsu Key Lab of Biomass‐based Green Fuels and ChemicalsNanjing Forestry University (NFU)Nanjing210037P. R. China
| | - Ranhua Xiong
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical PharmacyFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent UniversityOttergemsesteenweg 4609000GhentBelgium
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision InstrumentationUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230022P. R. China
| | - Dan Lv
- College of Chemical EngineeringJiangsu Key Lab of Biomass‐based Green Fuels and ChemicalsNanjing Forestry University (NFU)Nanjing210037P. R. China
| | - Ronald X. Xu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision InstrumentationUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230022P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical PharmacyFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent UniversityOttergemsesteenweg 4609000GhentBelgium
| | - Chaobo Huang
- College of Chemical EngineeringJiangsu Key Lab of Biomass‐based Green Fuels and ChemicalsNanjing Forestry University (NFU)Nanjing210037P. R. China
| | - Stefaan C. De Smedt
- College of Chemical EngineeringJiangsu Key Lab of Biomass‐based Green Fuels and ChemicalsNanjing Forestry University (NFU)Nanjing210037P. R. China
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical PharmacyFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent UniversityOttergemsesteenweg 4609000GhentBelgium
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11
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Hobson JJ, Edwards S, Slater RA, Martin P, Owen A, Rannard SP. Branched copolymer-stabilised nanoemulsions as new candidate oral drug delivery systems. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12984-12991. [PMID: 35541240 PMCID: PMC9079742 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01944d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The delivery of drugs to the bloodstream via oral administration may suffer from a number of complications including poor dissolution, first pass metabolism and the active intervention of efflux transporters such as P-glycoproteins; drugs which are efflux substrates may cause considerable problems across many clinical conditions. Here we have employed a branch-polymer stabilised nanoemulsion strategy to create highly robust oil droplets (e.g. peanut oil, castor oil and soybean oil) containing different dissolved antiretroviral drugs used in the daily fight against HIV/AIDS. Although very limited difference in permeation through a Caco-2 gut epithelium model was seen for efavirenz, the permeation of the protease inhibitor lopinavir was considerably higher (approximately 10-fold) when applied to an epithelium monolayer in emulsion form than the control within an aqueous DMSO vehicle. The presented nanoemulsion approach may allow drug-specific permeation improvements for various drug substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Hobson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool Block H, 70 Pembroke Place Liverpool L69 3GF UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Stephanie Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Rebecca A Slater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Philip Martin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool Block H, 70 Pembroke Place Liverpool L69 3GF UK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool Block H, 70 Pembroke Place Liverpool L69 3GF UK
| | - Steve P Rannard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
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12
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Locatelli-Champagne C, Suau JM, Guerret O, Pellet C, Cloitre M. Versatile Encapsulation Technology Based on Tailored pH-Responsive Amphiphilic Polymers: Emulsion Gels and Capsules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:14020-14028. [PMID: 29144757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a multipurpose technology to encapsulate hydrophobic substances in micron-sized emulsion droplets and capsules. The encapsulating agent is a comblike stimuli-responsive copolymer comprising side-chain surfactants attached to a methacrylic acid/ethyl acrylate polyelectrolyte backbone. The composition and structure of the hydrophobic moieties of the side chains are customized to tune the particle morphology and the processing conditions. The technology exploits the synergy of properties provided by the copolymer: interfacial activity, pH responsiveness, and viscoelasticity. A one-pot process produces emulsion gels or capsule dispersions consisting of a hydrophobic liquid core surrounded by a polymer shell. The dispersions resist high ionic strengths and exhibit long-term stability. The versatility of the method is demonstrated by encapsulating various hydrophobic substances covering a broad range of viscosities and polarities-conventional and technical oils, perfumes, and alkyd paints-with a high degree of morphological and rheological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Locatelli-Champagne
- Soft Matter and Chemistry, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University , 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
- Coatex SAS , 35 Rue Ampère, 69730 Genay, France
| | | | - Olivier Guerret
- Coatex SAS , 35 Rue Ampère, 69730 Genay, France
- M2i Life Sciences , 1 Rue Royale, 92210 Saint Cloud, France
| | - Charlotte Pellet
- Soft Matter and Chemistry, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University , 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michel Cloitre
- Soft Matter and Chemistry, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University , 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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13
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Ku KH, Lee YJ, Yi GR, Jang SG, Schmidt BVKJ, Liao K, Klinger D, Hawker CJ, Kim BJ. Shape-Tunable Biphasic Janus Particles as pH-Responsive Switchable Surfactants. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hee Ku
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ra Yi
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Gyu Jang
- Applied
Quantum Composites Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kin Liao
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Daniel Klinger
- Freie Universität
Berlin, Königin-Luise Str. 2-4, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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14
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Li C, Liu R, Xue Q, Huang Y, Su Y, Shen Q, Wang D. Oil-in-Water Emulsion Templated and Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly Formation of Poly(l-lactide)-Polyoxyethylene-Poly(l-lactide) Fibers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:13060-13067. [PMID: 29064708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A molecular solution of an amphiphilic block copolymer may act as an oil phase by dispersing into an aqueous micellar system of small-molecular surfactant, forming oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion droplets. In this paper, an as-synthesized triblock copolymer poly(l-lactide)-polyoxyethylene-poly(l-lactide) (PLLA-PEO-PLLA) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and then added to an aqueous micellar solution of nonaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (AEO-9), forming initially coalescent O/W emulsion droplets in the size range of 35 nm-1.3 μm. Along with gradual volatilization of THF and simultaneous concentration of PLLA-PEO-PLLA molecules, the amphiphilic copolymer backbones themselves experience solution-based self-assembly, forming inverted core-corona aggregates within an oil-phase domain. Anisotropic coalescence of adjacent O/W emulsion droplets occurs, accompanied by further volatilization of THF. The hydrophilic block crystallization of core-forming PEOs and the hydrophobic chain stretch of corona-forming PLLAs together induce the intermediate formation of rod-like architectures with an average diameter of 300-800 nm, and this leads to a large-scale deposition of the triblock copolymer fibers with an average diameter of ∼2.0 μm. Consequently, this strategy could be of general interest in the self-assembly formation of amphiphilic block copolymer fibers and could also provide access to aqueous solution crystallization of hydrophilic segments of these copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University , Shan Da Nan Road 27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University , Shan Da Nan Road 27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qingbin Xue
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University , Shan Da Nan Road 27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yaping Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yunlan Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University , Shan Da Nan Road 27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dujin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China
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15
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Lee J, Ku KH, Kim M, Shin JM, Han J, Park CH, Yi GR, Jang SG, Kim BJ. Stimuli-Responsive, Shape-Transforming Nanostructured Particles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1700608. [PMID: 28582603 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Development of particles that change shape in response to external stimuli has been a long-thought goal for producing bioinspired, smart materials. Herein, the temperature-driven transformation of the shape and morphology of polymer particles composed of polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) block copolymers (BCPs) and temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) surfactants is reported. PNIPAM acts as a temperature-responsive surfactant with two important roles. First, PNIPAM stabilizes oil-in-water droplets as a P4VP-selective surfactant, creating a nearly neutral interface between the PS and P4VP domains together with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, a PS-selective surfactant, to form anisotropic PS-b-P4VP particles (i.e., convex lenses and ellipsoids). More importantly, the temperature-directed positioning of PNIPAM depending on its solubility determines the overall particle shape. Ellipsoidal particles are produced above the critical temperature, whereas convex lens-shaped particles are obtained below the critical temperature. Interestingly, given that the temperature at which particle shape change occurs depends solely on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymer surfactants, facile tuning of the transition temperature is realized by employing other PNIPAM derivatives with different LCSTs. Furthermore, reversible transformations between different shapes of PS-b-P4VP particles are successfully demonstrated using a solvent-adsorption annealing with chloroform, suggesting great promise of these particles for sensing, smart coating, and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyuk Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Hee Ku
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingoo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Man Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghun Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ra Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Gyu Jang
- Applied Quantum Composites Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk, 565-905, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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16
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Stabilization of Inverse Miniemulsions by Silyl-Protected Homopolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8080303. [PMID: 30974578 PMCID: PMC6431836 DOI: 10.3390/polym8080303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inverse (water-in-oil) miniemulsions are an important method to encapsulate hydrophilic payloads such as oligonucleotides or peptides. However, the stabilization of inverse miniemulsions usually requires block copolymers that are difficult to synthesize and/or cannot be easily removed after transfer from a hydrophobic continuous phase to an aqueous continuous phase. We describe here a new strategy for the synthesis of a surfactant for inverse miniemulsions by radical addition⁻fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, which consists in a homopolymer with triisopropylsilyl protecting groups. The protecting groups ensure the efficient stabilization of the inverse (water-in-oil, w/o) miniemulsions. Nanocapsules can be formed and the protecting group can be subsequently cleaved for the re-dispersion of nanocapsules in an aqueous medium with a minimal amount of additional surfactant.
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17
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Zhang J, Luijten E, Granick S. Toward Design Rules of Directional Janus Colloidal Assembly. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2015; 66:581-600. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040214-121241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Departments of 1Materials Science and Engineering,
| | - Erik Luijten
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, and Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Steve Granick
- Departments of 1Materials Science and Engineering,
- Physics, and
- Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801;
- Center for Soft and Living Matter and UNIST, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea
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18
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Das T, Sengupta S, Ghorai UK, Dey A, Bandyopadhyay A. Sequential amphiphilic and pH responsive hyperbranched copolymer: influence of hyper branching/pendant groups on reversible self assembling from polymersomes to aggregates and usefulness in waste water treatment. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22567a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbranched copolymers self assembled from polymersomes to aggregates and encapsulated both hydrophilic/hydrophobic molecules but with varied retention proficiency depending upon the medium pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamalika Das
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | - Srijoni Sengupta
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | - Uttam Kumar Ghorai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry & Applied Chemistry
- Swami Vivekananda Research Center
- Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira
- Howrah-711202
- India
| | - Ayan Dey
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
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19
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Dwyer AB, Chambon P, Town A, Hatton FL, Ford J, Rannard SP. Exploring the homogeneous controlled radical polymerisation of hydrophobic monomers in anti-solvents for their polymers: RAFT and ATRP of various alkyl methacrylates in anhydrous methanol to high conversion and low dispersity. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00791g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RAFT and ATRP of nBuMA, tBuMA and MMA in anhydrous methanol (25–60 °C) without precipitation, yielding polymers with conversion up to 99%, Đ from 1.02 and DPn ≤ 800 units.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Dwyer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- UK
| | - P. Chambon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- UK
| | - A. Town
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- UK
| | - F. L. Hatton
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- UK
| | - J. Ford
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- UK
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20
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Hatton FL, Tatham LM, Tidbury LR, Chambon P, He T, Owen A, Rannard SP. Hyperbranched polydendrons: a new nanomaterials platform with tuneable permeation through model gut epithelium. Chem Sci 2015; 6:326-334. [PMID: 28966760 PMCID: PMC5586204 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02889a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of nanomaterials for advanced therapies requires the formation of versatile platforms that may be tuned to maximize beneficial attributes and minimize unwanted negative behaviour. Additionally, the optimum route of administration is a key consideration of any new treatment and much work has been focused on direct injection into the systemic circulation rather than oral delivery. Here we describe a new approach to polymeric nanoparticle design and present initial results showing the potential for tuneable permeation through a gut epithelium model. Through the use of mixed initiators and branched vinyl polymerization, a series of systematically varying branched polymers have been synthesized and nanoprecipitated. The surprisingly uniform structures have undergone preliminary pharmacological evaluation to establish low cytotoxicity and enhanced permeation through model intestinal epithelial cells. This presents potential opportunities for future developments that may allow oral dosing to result in circulating polymeric nanoparticles; behaviour that may prove clinically desirable to many non-terminal or chronic diseases that utilise nanomedicines but wish to avoid regular or repeated intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L Hatton
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , L69 7ZD , UK .
| | - Lee M Tatham
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology , University of Liverpool , Block H, 70 Pembroke Place , Liverpool L69 3GF , UK
| | - Louise R Tidbury
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology , University of Liverpool , Block H, 70 Pembroke Place , Liverpool L69 3GF , UK
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , L69 7ZD , UK .
| | - Tao He
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences , Agency for Science , Technology and Research (ASTAR) , 1, Pesek Road, Jurong Island , 627833 , Singapore
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology , University of Liverpool , Block H, 70 Pembroke Place , Liverpool L69 3GF , UK
| | - Steven P Rannard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , L69 7ZD , UK .
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21
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Hatton FL, Chambon P, McDonald TO, Owen A, Rannard SP. Hyperbranched polydendrons: a new controlled macromolecular architecture with self-assembly in water and organic solvents. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00360h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A new macromolecular architecture comprising multiple linear-dendritic hybrid copolymer sub-units is presented – hyperbranched polydendrons. The materials are very high molecular weight and disperse but undergo extremely uniform self-assembly behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 3GF, UK
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22
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Chen Q, Xu Y, Cao X, Qin L, An Z. Core cross-linked star (CCS) polymers with temperature and salt dual responsiveness: synthesis, formation of high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) and triggered demulsification. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00942d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and salt dually responsive core cross-linked star (CCS) polymers can effectively stabilize high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) that show temperature and salt dual responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijing Chen
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Xueteng Cao
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Lianjie Qin
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai 264005
- P. R. China
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
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23
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Fujii S, Eguchi Y, Nakamura Y. Pickering emulsion engineering: fabrication of materials with multiple cavities. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04409f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials with millimeter to centimeter dimensions containing multiple cavities were fabricated based on Pickering emulsion engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering
- Osaka Institute of Technology
- Osaka, Japan
| | - Y. Eguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering
- Osaka Institute of Technology
- Osaka, Japan
| | - Y. Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering
- Osaka Institute of Technology
- Osaka, Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center
- Osaka Institute of Technology
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24
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Song Y, Sauret A, Cheung Shum H. All-aqueous multiphase microfluidics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:61301. [PMID: 24454609 PMCID: PMC3888457 DOI: 10.1063/1.4827916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Immiscible aqueous phases, formed by dissolving incompatible solutes in water, have been used in green chemical synthesis, molecular extraction and mimicking of cellular cytoplasm. Recently, a microfluidic approach has been introduced to generate all-aqueous emulsions and jets based on these immiscible aqueous phases; due to their biocompatibility, these all-aqueous structures have shown great promises as templates for fabricating biomaterials. The physico-chemical nature of interfaces between two immiscible aqueous phases leads to unique interfacial properties, such as an ultra-low interfacial tension. Strategies to manipulate components and direct their assembly at these interfaces needs to be explored. In this paper, we review progress on the topic over the past few years, with a focus on the fabrication and stabilization of all-aqueous structures in a multiphase microfluidic platform. We also discuss future efforts needed from the perspectives of fluidic physics, materials engineering, and biology for fulfilling potential applications ranging from materials fabrication to biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ; HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Alban Sauret
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ; HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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25
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Chen Y, Nurumbetov G, Chen R, Ballard N, Bon SAF. Multicompartmental Janus microbeads from branched polymers by single-emulsion droplet microfluidics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:12657-12662. [PMID: 24040786 DOI: 10.1021/la402417h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe a versatile and facile route for the preparation of Janus microbeads using single emulsion droplet-based microfluidics, in which water droplets that contain a mixture of branched poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-(poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate)-co-(methacrylic acid) and colloidal particles form the basis of our approach. The colloidal particles, poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres or titanium dioxide particles, and iron oxide nanoparticles are spatially positioned within the water droplets through gravity and an externally applied magnetic force, respectively. Evaporation of water leads to gel formation of the branched copolymer matrix as a result of physical cross-linking through hydrogen bond interactions, fixing the spatial position of the colloidal particles. The thermo- and pH-responsive nature of the branched poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm)-based copolymer allows for the disintegration of the polymer network of the Janus microbeads and a triggered release of the colloidal content at temperatures below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and at increased pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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26
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Smeets NM. Amphiphilic hyperbranched polymers from the copolymerization of a vinyl and divinyl monomer: The potential of catalytic chain transfer polymerization. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Garcia-Tunon E, Barg S, Bell R, Weaver JVM, Walter C, Goyos L, Saiz E. Designing smart particles for the assembly of complex macroscopic structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7805-8. [PMID: 23780923 PMCID: PMC3799970 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Particle get-together: Surface functionalization with a branched copolymer surfactant is used to create responsive inorganic particles that can self-assemble in complex structures. The assembly process is triggered by a pH switch that reversibly activates multiple hydrogen bonds between ceramic particles (see picture; yellow) and soft templates (n-decane; green).
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28
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Garcia-Tunon E, Barg S, Bell R, Weaver JVM, Walter C, Goyos L, Saiz E. Designing Smart Particles for the Assembly of Complex Macroscopic Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Walther A, Müller AHE. Janus Particles: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, Physical Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2013; 113:5194-261. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300089t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1328] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Walther
- DWI at RWTH Aachen University − Institute for Interactive Materials Research, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55099 Mainz,
Germany
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30
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Chen Q, Cao X, Liu H, Zhou W, Qin L, An Z. pH-responsive high internal phase emulsions stabilized by core cross-linked star (CCS) polymers. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00488k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Specific and reversible DNA-directed self-assembly of oil-in-water emulsion droplets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:20320-5. [PMID: 23175791 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1214386109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher-order structures that originate from the specific and reversible DNA-directed self-assembly of microscopic building blocks hold great promise for future technologies. Here, we functionalized biotinylated soft colloid oil-in-water emulsion droplets with biotinylated single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides using streptavidin as an intermediary linker. We show the components of this modular linking system to be stable and to induce sequence-specific aggregation of binary mixtures of emulsion droplets. Three length scales were thereby involved: nanoscale DNA base pairing linking microscopic building blocks resulted in macroscopic aggregates visible to the naked eye. The aggregation process was reversible by changing the temperature and electrolyte concentration and by the addition of competing oligonucleotides. The system was reset and reused by subsequent refunctionalization of the emulsion droplets. DNA-directed self-assembly of oil-in-water emulsion droplets, therefore, offers a solid basis for programmable and recyclable soft materials that undergo structural rearrangements on demand and that range in application from information technology to medicine.
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32
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Fujii S, Kappl M, Butt HJ, Sugimoto T, Nakamura Y. Soft Janus Colloidal Crystal Film. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9809-13. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Fujii S, Kappl M, Butt HJ, Sugimoto T, Nakamura Y. Soft Janus Colloidal Crystal Film. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Chen Y, Jones ST, Hancox I, Beanland R, Tunnah EJ, Bon SAF. Multiple Hydrogen-Bond Array Reinforced Cellular Polymer Films from Colloidal Crystalline Assemblies of Soft Latex Particles. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:603-608. [PMID: 35607070 DOI: 10.1021/mz300126u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Waterborne polymer films made from soft polymer latex dispersions generally suffer from deterioration of chemical resistance and physical barrier properties under high humidity conditions and upon solvent exposure. Here we demonstrate the fabrication of robust polyhedral cellular polymer films from poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate) latexes, which were made by emulsion polymerization using a 2-ureido-4-pyrimidinone (UPy) functional methacrylate comonomer. Multiple hydrogen bond (MHB) arrays provided by UPy groups arrest the film formation process thereby creating a cellular reinforcement. The cellular polymer films exhibit impressive physical and mechanical properties. Upon solvent exposure, the films show colloidal crystalline-type Bragg diffraction features and do not suffer excessive and deteriorative uptake of water and, more remarkably, can absorb high amounts of organic solvents, thereby turning into an organogel with preservation of shape, up to a 14-fold volumetric swelling ratio of the polymer films in case of chloroform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Chen
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel T. Jones
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Hancox
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Beanland
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Edward J. Tunnah
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan A. F. Bon
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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35
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O'Reilly RK. Self-Assembled Nanoparticles. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Rosselgong J, Armes SP. Quantification of Intramolecular Cyclization in Branched Copolymers by 1H NMR Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3002609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Rosselgong
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton
Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield,
South Yorkshire
S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton
Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield,
South Yorkshire
S3 7HF, U.K
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Hasan E, Furzeland S, Atkins D, Adams DJ, Weaver JVM. Direct synthesis and aqueous solution behavior of pH-responsive, zwitterionic and three-layered branched copolymer nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00564f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Harbron RL, McDonald TO, Rannard SP, Findlay PH, Weaver JVM. One-pot, single-component synthesis of functional emulsion-templated hybrid inorganic–organic polymer capsules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1592-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15213k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Woodward RT, Weaver JVM. The role of responsive branched copolymer composition in controlling pH-triggered aggregation of “engineered” emulsion droplets: towards selective droplet assembly. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Carter BO, Weaver JVM, Wang W, Spiller DG, Adams DJ, Cooper AI. Microencapsulation using an oil-in-water-in-air ‘dry water emulsion’. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8253-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12698a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Caba BL, Zhang Q, Carroll MR, Woodward RC, St. Pierre TG, Gilbert EP, Riffle JS, Davis RM. Nanostructure of PEO–polyurethane–PEO triblock copolymer micelles in water. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 344:81-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rosselgong J, Armes SP, Barton WRS, Price D. Synthesis of Branched Methacrylic Copolymers: Comparison between RAFT and ATRP and Effect of Varying the Monomer Concentration. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902757z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Woodward RT, Chen L, Adams DJ, Weaver JVM. Fabrication of large volume, macroscopically defined and responsive engineered emulsions using a homogeneous pH-trigger. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm00836b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rosselgong J, Armes SP, Barton W, Price D. Synthesis of Highly Branched Methacrylic Copolymers: Observation of Near-Ideal Behavior using RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900958a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Rosselgong
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - William Barton
- Lubrizol Corporation, Hazelwood Research Center, Derby, DE5 61QN, United Kingdom
| | - David Price
- Lubrizol Corporation, Hazelwood Research Center, Derby, DE5 61QN, United Kingdom
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Woodward RT, Slater RA, Higgins S, Rannard SP, Cooper AI, Royles BJL, Findlay PH, Weaver JVM. Controlling responsive emulsion properties via polymer design. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3554-6. [PMID: 19521605 DOI: 10.1039/b904320a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Subtle changes in copolymer surfactant architecture and chain-end functionality can induce diverse behaviours in pH-responsive branched copolymer-stabilized emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Woodward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, UKL69 7ZD
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